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A Casebook on the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
4th Edition
The fourth edition of this popular casebook is a valuable tool for judges, lawyers and law enforcement officials in the handling of intellectual property cases. It compiles case law related to IP enforcement from a wide range of courts and tribunals, providing a thorough analysis of common and civil law jurisprudence, underscoring similarities and, where appropriate, highlighting differences. It covers the most recent decisions on topical issues in common and civil law, and emphasizes the jurisprudence in the area of copyright and trademark rights.
Publication year: 2018
Innovativeness of the Polish health sector: a patent analytics study
Economic Research Working Paper No. 46
The Polish health related patenting increased rapidly in the last decade making Poland the top CEE economy. Still, most of the filings remain only national, making Poland just a small share of the EU total and relatively less specialized than other EU countries. A limited number of higher education applicants accounted for 42 percent of patents and utility models, with a clear specialization in pharmaceutical technologies. Most private applicants were SMEs and individuals specialized in medtech. The innovative activity is concentrated in a few provinces and cities. Polish health related innovation is a collaborative although mostly domestic effort. Poland's pharmaceutical specialization is on non-biological preparations (42%) and new chemical compounds (31%); while the medtech specialization is in diagnosis and surgery (34%) and prostheses, stents and orthopedic (18%).
Innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical technologies industries of Poland
Economic Research Working Paper No. 45
This paper analyzes the recent economic and innovation trends of the health industries in Poland. The health industries have observed remarkable growth since entering into the EU. While the pharmaceutical industry faces some economic slowdown since 2011, the medtech industry shows substantial dynamism for its small size. The Polish health industry has still much to do to improve its innovation status. However, the observed trend of the innovation dynamics is cause for optimism. Polish firms in the health industries are increasingly innovating and extracting economic results from these innovations.
Leveraging Micropayment Technology to Increase Access to Safe Drinking Water
Matchmaking Impact Stories
Since connecting at Innovate 4 Water 2017 – a matchmaking event co-organized by WIPO GREEN – Cubo Environmental Technologies and Susteq have joined forces to make affordable, safe drinking water more accessible in rural Kenya and Nigeria.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 2018 (Special Issue - South Africa)
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 5/2018 (October)
Report of the Director General to the 2018 WIPO Assemblies
This report is a presentation of the work accomplished by the Organization during the year that has passed since the last meeting of the WIPO Assemblies.
Measuring innovation in energy technologies: green patents as captured by WIPO's IPC green inventory
Economic Research Working Paper No. 44
We analyze inventions in green energy technologies over the period 2005-2017. We use a novel dataset, making use of the IPC Green Inventory of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to analyze four broad categories of green energy technologies including alternative energy production technologies, energy conservation technologies, and green transportation. We use these data to look at how patent families and PCT international patent applications have evolved in this field in recent years. We find that energy innovation-related patenting has first expanded exponentially up until 2013, both in terms of the total number of patent families and PCT international patent applications in green energy technologies. Yet this period of accelerated growth in the number of published green energy patents has been followed by a period of deceleration—even a slow decline. Although most green energy technologies have seen a downward trend in the annual number of patents published since 2012, the decline has been most pronounced in nuclear power generation technologies and alternative energy production technologies. The latter notably include renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind energy, and fuel cells. In contrast, patents in energy conservation technologies and green transportation technologies have continued to grow, but at a slower pace.
Inventing the Future
An Introduction to Patents for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
In today's knowledge economy, companies must constantly innovate and come up with new ideas and solutions to stay ahead. These innovative ideas and solutions may be protected by patent rights. This guide explains the patent system and how businesses may use it in their business strategy in simple and practical terms.
Madrid Yearly Review 2018 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Marks
This document provides the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System. This edition provides a summary of the statistics reported in the Madrid Yearly Review 2018.
Madrid Yearly Review 2018
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Guide to the International Patent Classification (2018)
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Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2018 - Executive Summary
The International Patent System
This document provides the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). This edition provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2018.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2018 (August)
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review - 2018
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system. Special theme: Applicant representatives named in PCT applications
WIPO Guide on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Options for Intellectual Property Offices and Courts
This Guide is designed to provide an overview of ADR processes for IP disputes.
Shaping WIPO's Future
Workforce 2018
WIPO's workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2018, offering a breakdown of the workforce by category, sector, funding, type of staff appointment, geographical representation and gender balance. It also reports on organizational performance, learning and development, and organizational conflict management.
Hague Yearly Review 2018 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Industrial Designs
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs.
Hague Yearly Review - International Registrations of Industrial Designs - 2018
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Case study: IP Management and the Commercialization of Publicly Funded Research Outcomes in South Africa
This paper begins by presenting an overview of enabling frameworks for the protection and commercialization of publicly funded R&D outcomes. Subsequently it analyses the policies that South Africa has adopted to this effect since the transition to democracy. The paper then looks at the impact on the South African NSI of these policies, in particular the IPR Act, which has been in force since August 2010. It presents new data that indicate encouraging progress in patenting and other aspects of commercialization involving public research organizations (PROs)2 in South Africa, before setting forth a summary of the analysis as well as conclusions.
Global Innovation Index 2018
Energizing the World with Innovation
The Global Innovation Index 2018 provides detailed metrics about the innovation performance of 126 countries and economies around the world. Its 80 indicators explore a broad vision of innovation, including political environment, education, infrastructure and business sophistication. The GII 2018 analyses the energy innovation landscape of the next decade and identifies possible breakthroughs in fields such as energy production, storage, distribution, and consumption. It also looks at how breakthrough innovation occurs at the grassroots level and describes how small-scale renewable systems are on the rise.
A Guide to Intellectual Property Issues in Access and Benefit-sharing Agreements
An essential complement to the WIPO Database of Access and Benefit-sharing Agreements, this guide offers users and providers of genetic resources an accessible overview of intellectual property issues in access and benefit-sharing agreements.
Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) Report 2017
This Annual Report highlights key trends and milestones of the TISC program since its launch in 2009, with a focus on the main achievements and developments in 2017.
WIPO Academy
Celebrating 20 years of the WIPO Academy
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2018 (June)
Intellectual property use in middle income countries: the case of Chile
Economic Research Working Paper No. 43
We analyze the use of intellectual property (IP) by firms in Chile over the decade 1995-2005 as the then middle-income country experienced rapid economic growth of 4.7 percent per year. We use a novel dataset that contains a combination of detailed firm-level information from the annual manufacturing census, information on firms' innovative activities from Chile's innovation surveys, and firms' patent, industrial design, and trademark filings with the Chilean IP office. We use these data to look at how IP use by companies has changed over time and analyze the determinants of IP use, in particular first-time use. We find that sales growth prompts first-time use of patents and trademarks, though such use does not change the growth trajectory of firms nor does it improve their total factor productivity. We also find that trademark use is associated with new-to-the-world product innovation, which suggests that branding may be an important mechanism to appropriate returns to innovation in a middle-income country like Chile.
IP4Youth&Teachers
A multi-purpose IP education resource
Enhancing Innovation in the Ugandan Agri-Food Sector: Robusta Coffee Planting Material & Tropical Fruit Processing
Economic Research Working Paper No. 42
Uganda's innovation performance in recent years has consistently outpaced other low-income and Sub-Saharan African countries. Though encouraging, this nascent progress will only benefit the broader Ugandan population if policy makers address specific constraints in the innovation systems of the critical agri-food sector, which is hampered by low productivity and profitability. In this report, we explore these constraints using an agricultural value chains framework with particular focus on the Robusta Coffee Planting Material Pipeline and tropical fruit processing.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 2/2018 (April)
Celebrating 20 years of IP Education and Training - The WIPO Academy Year in Review 2017
This report introduces the work of the Academy, highlights our achievements in 2017 and shines a light on some of the Academy's achievements in the past 20 years.
The Global Publishing Industry in 2016
A Pilot Survey by the IPA and WIPO
The International Publishers Association (IPA) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) joined forces to pilot a new survey of global publishing activity in 2016. The survey covered three market segments: retail; educational; and scholarly, academic and scientific (SAS) publishing. In total, 35 national publishers associations and copyright authorities responded to the survey.
WIPO GREEN
Connecting sustainable technology users and providers
WIPO GREEN is a global marketplace that promotes green tech innovation and diffusion. This short brochure outlines the benefits of joining WIPO GREEN in order to collaborate on projects and events, leverage its global network, increase visibility and join the fight against climate change.
WIPO GREEN - Year in Review 2017
Another successful and productive year for WIPO GREEN! This Year in Review report summarizes WIPO GREEN highlights and achievements as the network expanded both in membership, collaborations and events.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 1/2018 (February)
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2017
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
Guide to WIPO Mediation
Mediation has proved very successful in achieving a result beneficial to both sides to a dispute. This booklet provides a straightforward introduction to mediation, based on the extensive experience of the WIPO Center. It describes the main features and advantages of mediation and explains how mediation under the WIPO Mediation Rules works in practice, with case examples.
BVGH Partnership Hub Report - Annual Report 2017
WIPO Magazine, Issue 6/2017 (December)
Publication year: 2017
Documenting Traditional Knowledge – A Toolkit
There is growing interest in documenting the wealth of traditional knowledge (TK) that has been developed by indigenous peoples and local communities around the world. But documenting TK can raise important issues, especially as regards intellectual property. This Toolkit presents a range of easy-to-use checklists and other resources to help ensure that anyone considering a documentation project can address those issues effectively.
World Intellectual Property Indicators - 2017
An authoritative annual survey of IP activity around the globe. As well as filing, registration and maintenance of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection, the 2017 edition also covers geographical indications for the first time, making it even more comprehensive. A special section on the operational performance of patent offices takes an in-depth look at application processing times, examination capacity and examination outcomes.
Joining the International Copyright System: What's At Stake?
This booklet introduces the copyright treaties administered by WIPO, identifies some of the potential benefits they offer, and outlines the steps that countries need to take in order to join the international copyright system.
Understanding the dynamics of global value chains for solar photovoltaic technologies
Economic Research Working Paper No. 40
China dominates the global solar photovoltaic (PV) value chain, while 15 years ago the demand and supply were located in few Western economies. In this process, the PV industry has seen a booming demand, drastic price decreases along the supply chain, and fierce competition among surviving companies. This paper seeks to understand how this spatial shift has occurred and its drivers, with a specific focus on the role of intangible assets and intellectual property.
Intangible assets and value capture in global value chains: the smartphone industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 41
This report uses data on individual smart phones as well as industry data to identify which smartphone firms capture the most value. It finds that Apple captures most of the industry profits, thanks to its high prices, large profit margins and the volume of iPhone sales worldwide. Apple's success is explained as a result of its ability to develop its own intellectual property (IP) and take advantage of IP created by suppliers through a strategy of selling only a few models at high prices compared to competitors.
The powerful role of intangibles in the coffee value chain
Economic Research Working Paper No. 39
The paper describes: a) the coffee industry and its GVC structure; b) the role that intangible assets play in value creation from both the supply and demand perspective; and c) the current and potential role of intellectual property tools in creating and retaining value, as well as providing economic upgrade options.
Intangible assets and transactions within multinational enterprises: implications for national economic accounts
Economic Research Working Paper No. 38
Transactions involving intangible assets within multinational enterprises impose challenges for national economic accountants. In light of the challenges, recent research at the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis aims to identify areas for improving the treatment of multinational enterprises in national economic accounts. This paper summarizes the work and demonstrates implications for gross domestic product – the most widely cited measure in national economic accounts – of the United States.
A missing link in the analysis of global value chains: cross-border flows of intangible assets, taxation and related measurement implications
Economic Research Working Paper No. 37
Understanding cross-border flows of disembodied knowledge, often associated with intellectual property (IP), is essential to analyzing how modern economies operate. This paper documents how available data to document these IP flows are distorted by various factors, including tax planning by multinational enterprises. It finds that tax-induced mismeasurement could be more than 35%, and greater for individual countries particularly high-tax-rate countries.
Measuring the income to intangibles in goods production: a global value chain approach
Economic Research Working Paper No. 36
Today's production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
World Intellectual Property Report 2017 – Intangible Capital in Global Value Chains
The World Intellectual Property Report 2017 examines the crucial role of intangibles such as technology, design and branding in international manufacturing. Macroeconomic analysis is complemented by case studies of the global value chains for three products – coffee, photovoltaic energy cells and smartphones – to give an insightful picture of the importance of intellectual property and other intangibles in modern production.
Vaccines: Accelerating Innovation and Access
Global Challenges Report
This Global Challenges Report describes the innovation process for vaccines. It explains how the restricted availability of vaccines is due to impediments at every stage of the process. Most of these obstacles are manageable, and intellectual property (IP) rights are associated with only some of them. The analysis aims to put into perspective debates around health innovation and the availability of health technologies in developing countries, especially with respect to the role of IP. In particular, it provides an overview of how IP has been used to meet global health challenges in the vaccines field, and considers whether lessons can be drawn to inform other important health technologies.
Global Design Database
The free global search engine for designs
This brochure outlines the options for searching industrial design documents in WIPO's Global Design Database.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2017 - Executive Summary
This document provides the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). This edition provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2017.
Hague Yearly Review 2017 - Executive Summary
Madrid Yearly Review 2017 - Executive Summary
This document provides the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System. This edition provides a summary of the statistics reported in the Madrid Yearly Review 2017.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Multidrug Resistance (MDR): Overview of current approaches, consortia and intellectual property issues
Based on a review of recent literature, this WIPO Global Challenges Report includes a broad overview of current approaches and consortia designed to meet the challenge of research and development (R&D) investment for new treatments. It also examines patent applications by both the public and the private sectors as an indicator of innovative activity.
Using IP for development
Success stories from around the world
Intellectual property is a powerful tool for development. This booklet shows how governments, businesses and non-profit organizations all around the world are using different types of IP strategically to boost economic, social and cultural progress.
Making a Mark: An Introduction to Trademarks for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Distinctive signs enable a company to distinguish its products and services from those of other companies. Trademarks provide protection for these signs allowing companies to create visibility and build their brand image. This guide explains the trademark system and the importance of trademark management.
Report of the Director General to the 2017 WIPO Assemblies
WIPO Magazine, Issue 5/2017 (October)
Guide to the International Patent Classification (2017)
PATENTSCOPE
The free global search engine for technology information
This brochure outlines the features of PATENTSCOPE and its options for multilingual search across tens of millions of patent documents.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2017 (August)
Ideas production and international knowledge spillovers: digging deeper into emerging countries
Economic Research Working Paper No. 35
Research and development (R&D) activities of emerging countries (EMEs) have increased considerably in recent years. How important are knowledge transfers from developed countries and other emerging countries? This wide-ranging but rigorous macro-level study of 31 EMEs provides some much-needed evidence.
Sharing Knowledge, Building Capacity - The WIPO Academy Year in Review 2016
This report introduces the work of the Academy and highlights our achievements in 2016.
Hague Yearly Review - International Registrations of Industrial Designs - 2017
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2017 (June)
WHO, WIPO, WTO Joint Technical Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance: How to Foster Innovation, Access and Appropriate Use of Antibiotics?
Summary of the Key Issues
The World Health Organization (WHO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) Joint Technical Symposia provide a platform for participants to exchange information and experiences and to discuss current issues. The sixth Joint Technical Symposium, held in Geneva on October 25, 2016, reviewed issues related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review - 2017
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system. Special theme: how applicants time their international patent filings
Protect and Promote Your Culture
A Practical Guide to Intellectual Property for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities
Intellectual property can be a powerful tool for indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs). Used strategically, it can help you promote your own products and services, and prevent the misappropriation of your traditional knowledge and culture. This short guide explains how, with plenty of examples, IPLCs around the world have made the most of intellectual property rights.
Global Innovation Index 2017
Innovation Feeding the World
The Global Innovation Index provides detailed metrics about the innovation performance of 127 countries and economies around the world. Its 81 indicators explore a broad vision of innovation, including political environment, education, infrastructure and business sophistication. This year's report reviews the state of innovation in agriculture and food systems across sectors and geographies. Chapters of the report provide more details on this year's theme from academic, business, and particular country perspectives from leading experts and decision makers.
International Survey on Text and Image Copyright Levies
2016 Edition
The third ‘International Survey of Text and Image Copyright Levies', jointly published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the International Federation of Reprographic Rights Organizations (IFRRO) builds on and updates the first two surveys published in 2014 and 2015, and analyzes the origins, scope and current use of these levies around the world, and their role in ensuring easy legal access to copyright material. The Survey also shows how and why text and image (TI) levies are different from audio and audio-visual private copying levies. As with the first two surveys, it uses data from IFRRO members, collated and presented by Paul Greenwood, a consultant, with the assistance of representatives of IFRRO members and the IFRRO Secretariat. The methodology and scope are unchanged.
Identifying and ranking the world's largest clusters of inventive activity
Economic Research Working Paper No. 34
This paper presents an empirical approach to identifying and ranking the world's largest clusters of inventive activity on the basis of patent filings. Patent data offer rich information on the locality of innovative activity. Many researchers have already made use of these data to study individual clusters or selected clusters within a particular region. Our approach goes beyond existing work by identifying and ranking innovation clusters on an internationally comparable basis.
WIPO Re:Search Strategic Plan 2017–2021
WIPO Re:Search has come a long way over the past five years since its inception. Initially, it was intended to demonstrate that IP could help facilitate innovation in health and catalyze new research and development. This demonstration has been achieved. Based on the recommendations of an external strategic review of WIPO Re:Search, this Strategic Plan, developed in a collaborative manner with all WIPO Re:Search Members, charts the way forward based on several principles: the positive value of IP; the need for a proactive partnering mechanism; a long-term perspective of potential contribution to product development; the importance of capacity building for IP management and for research; the importance of mobilizing additional resources for partnering and for collaborations; and the value of broader understanding of IP, research and WIPO Re:Search itself.
Madrid System e-Services - Member Profiles Database
Quick-Start Guide
Whether you're preparing an international application or managing your existing portfolio of trademark registrations, the Member Profiles Database gives you free access to the practices and procedures of Madrid System members across the globe.
Madrid System e-Services - Madrid Monitor
Use Madrid Monitor to track the status of your international application or registration, access detailed information on all trademarks registered through the Madrid System, and keep an eye on competitor's marks.
International Survey on Private Copying - Law and Practice 2016
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Dutch collecting society for private copying remunerations, Stichting de Thuiskopie, are pleased to present the fourth joint publication on the law and practice of private copying systems around the world. The survey provides a global view of private copying compensation (also known as private copying levies), an important element of copyright and related rights infrastructure. It aims to facilitate evidence-based decision-making and to provide an update on important developments in the private copying law and practice of countries that have such an exception in their legal arsenals.
Madrid System e-Services
The tools you need to protect your trademark. Globally.
An overview of Madrid System online tools and resources available to support trademark owners at each stage of the international trademark registration lifecycle (search, file, monitor and manage). Contains descriptions of each tool, including when and why to use it and a list of key benefits and features.
Madrid Yearly Review 2017
Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) Report 2016
This Annual Report highlights key trends and milestones of the TISC program since its launch in 2009, with a focus on the main achievements and developments in 2016.
Developing Together
South-South and triangular cooperation within WIPO
Read our flyer to get a quick overview of South-South cooperation and WIPO's work in the area.
WIPO GREEN - Year in Review 2016
A year of solid growth for WIPO GREEN as it pushes forward in its quest to become the go-to platform for green technologies.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 2/2017 (April)
Your Own World of IP
Intellectual property is everywhere! This colorful little booklet introduces the main types of IP, with plenty of interesting facts and examples. It is designed to appeal in particular to adolescents and young people.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 1/2017 (February)
How to Make a Living in the Creative Industries
This booklet explains simply and clearly how copyright helps creative people to earn money from their original works. It is designed for people who may already work in the cultural and creative industries, or who may be contemplating a career in them, as well as for individual creators, policy makers, academics, and business support agencies working in the field. It is accessible to non-specialists or newcomers to the subject of copyright and intellectual property rights.
Access to Research for Development and Innovation (ARDI)
The Access to Research for Development and Innovation (ARDI) program is coordinated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) together with its partners in the publishing industry with the aim to increase the availability of scientific and technical information in developing countries.
WIPO - Making IP Work
WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property policy, services, information and cooperation. We are a self-funding, specialized agency of the United Nations, dedicated to making IP work for innovation and creativity. At WIPO we believe that IP and innovation go hand-in-hand. IP is about rewarding people for their ideas and original creations. It is about encouraging businesses to invest in innovations and new solutions. It is a means of enabling innovation and creativity for the benefit of all.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2016
WIPO Consumer Survey Toolkit on Respect for IP
The WIPO Consumer Survey Toolkit on Respect for IP is intended for use by public- and private-sector bodies wanting to measure consumer attitudes towards pirate and counterfeit goods. The creation of the Survey Toolkit was made possible by Funds-in-Trust provided by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea.
Supporting Industrial Property for Shared Prosperity
The Japan Funds-in-Trust for Industrial Property in Asia and the Pacific
This booklet introduces the work and highlights some of the many success stories of the Japan Funds-in-Trust for Industrial Property in Asia and the Pacific, a collaboration between Japan and WIPO.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 6/2016 (December)
Publication year: 2016
Patent Landscape Report on Palm Oil Production and Waste Treatment Technologies
This report provides an overview of the global patent landscape in the area of palm oil production and waste exploitation, and includes national patent applications from Malaysia. It covers patenting activity related to technologies in production of palm oil and palm kernel oil, and treatment of waste from palm oil production.
World Intellectual Property Indicators - 2016
A comprehensive picture of IP activity around the world based on statistics from national and regional IP offices, WIPO and the World Bank. Covers filing, registration and renewals data for patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection. Also includes an analysis of participation by women inventors in international patenting.
Identifying the gender of PCT inventors
Economic Research Working Paper No. 33
This paper analyzes the gender of inventors in international patent applications. We compile a worldwide gender-name dictionary, which includes 6.2 million names for 182 different countries to disambiguate the gender of PCT inventors. Our results suggest that there is a gender imbalance in PCT applications, but the proportion of women inventors is improving over time. We also find that the rates of women participation differ substantially across countries, technological fields and sectors.
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration
The aim of the Agreement is to provide for the protection of appellations of origin, i.e., the "geographical denomination of a country, region, or locality, which serves to designate a product originating therein, the quality or characteristics of which are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment, including natural and human factors" (Article 2).
Madrid Yearly Review 2016
Understanding Copyright and Related Rights
This booklet provides an introduction for newcomers to the subject of copyright and related rights. It explains the fundamentals underpinning copyright law and practice, and describes the different types of rights which copyright and related rights law protects, as well as the limitations on those rights. It also briefly covers transfer of copyright and provisions for enforcement.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 5/2016 (October)
Report of the Director General to the 2016 WIPO Assemblies
Hague Yearly Review - International Registrations of Industrial Designs - 2016
Guide to the International Patent Classification (2016)