Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO
Second edition
Publication year: 2026
This new edition of the Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO is the most authoritative publication on WIPO’s copyright treaties. The publication presents an updated legal commentary on all eight WIPO copyright and related rights treaties, adding the two newest (Beijing Treaty and Marrakesh Treaty). It includes background information as well as article by article explanation on, and interpretation of, each instrument, particularly in relation to new technological developments. The publication provides key information and guidelines to a large audience, for example, policy makers, government officials, legal practitioners, judges, scholars, academics and students.
World Intellectual Property Report 2026: Technology on the Move
Publication year: 2026
Pushing the world's technological frontier by inventing new and better technologies is a necessary condition for long-term growth. For new and better technologies to raise economic productivity, they need to be widely adopted and used in the economy. Technology diffusion is a central part of the innovation journey. This report explores how different technologies diffuse within and across economies globally and the role of innovation ecosystems to foster it.
World Intellectual Property Report 2026: Technology on the Move - Executive Summary
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2026
This Executive Summary highlights the key findings of WIPO’s flagship World Intellectual Property Report 2026.The World Intellectual Property Report 2026 reveals striking patterns in how technologies spread globally, with profound implications for economic development.
WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights
People’s Republic of China (2019–2023)
Author(s): Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China, WIPO; Publication year: 2026
This casebook of judgments by the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China in the WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights series covers decisions rendered between 2019 and 2023. The WIPO Collection gives the global intellectual property community access to landmark judgments from some of the most dynamic litigation jurisdictions of the world, through a succession of volumes that illustrate intellectual property adjudication approaches and trends by jurisdiction or by theme.
Intellectual Property and Esports: An overview of the game
Publication year: 2026
Intellectual Property and Esports examines the intersection of IP and gaming. As competitive gaming attracts fan engagement and produces international superstar players, questions arise about how this emerging sport relates to existing IP frameworks and business models. This publication identifies key stakeholders in esports and explains the building blocks of the industry.
Guidelines for Esports Tournament Organizers
Publication year: 2026
Video Games are protected through a combination of different IP rights. With esports activities the growing, professional players, event organizers, sponsors and fans are engaged in an activity that relies on the use of IP rights from video game publishers. These guidelines will help tournament organizes to understand the IP rights related to the uses of video games in esports and provide a step-by-step guide on how to obtain all the necessary rights in order to undertake the tournament and to develop business models in this sector.
WIPO Guidelines for Esports Players
Publication year: 2026
These guidelines address the growing number of professional esports players worldwide who face IP challenges. As players compete individually or in teams, they must balance optimizing their own IP rights management while avoiding infringement of rights held by tournament organizers, video game publishers, and other industry stakeholders. The publication identifies key IP issues that esports players encounter and provides practical, step-by-step guidance for implementing straightforward steps to optimize IP management.
Innovation Capabilities Outlook 2026
Publication year: 2026
This inaugural edition presents groundbreaking analytical methodology using patents, trademarks, publications, and exports data to comprehensively map global capability networks and systematically examine strategic diversification pathways for worldwide innovation ecosystems. Innovation Capabilities Outlook 2026 establishes a global baseline for innovation ecosystem analysis.
Rights Clearance: A guide for independent filmmakers
Publication year: 2026
Rights Clearance: A guide for independent filmmakers will help filmmakers to understand and incorporate rights clearance in their concepts, development planning and productions with special attention to IP rights. With practical steps, the process of rights clearance can start as early as possible to avoid pitfalls and complex licensing issues during the later stages of the production.
Development and Pitching of Audiovisual Projects: A guide for independent filmmakers
Publication year: 2026
Development and Pitching of Audiovisual Projects: A guide for independent filmmakers looks at the most important elements to take into consideration when developing and pitching audiovisual projects to secure financing and distribution. It outlines the journey from initial idea to structured project, emphasizing three key elements: artistic, financial, and legal considerations.
The Technological Potential of Innovation Ecosystems: An Inter-Dimensional Network Approach
Economic Research Working Paper No. 90
Author(s): Federico Moscatelli, Julio D. Raffo, Shreyas Gadgin Matha, Christian Chacua, Matté Hartog, Eduardo Hernández-Rodríguez, Muhammed A. Yildirim; Publication year: 2026
In developing countries’ innovation activities, limited patenting suggests structural gaps that hinder technological progress. This paper investigates whether countries can leverage their scientific and productive capabilities to realize untapped technological potential. We analyze connections between trade, science, and technology across global innovation ecosystems and introduce an indicator to assess where countries are positioned to expand their technological capabilities. Our results show that the indicator predicts technological output growth, though growth slows when countries exceed their predicted potential, indicating diminishing returns. The indicator performs better in more complex ecosystems. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, offering a framework to address weaknesses in innovation ecosystems and foster balanced, sustainable technological development.
How Do New Technologies Diffuse?
Economic Research Working Paper No. 91
Author(s): Carsten Fink, Maria de las Mercedes Menéndez, Julio Raffo; Publication year: 2026
Technology diffusion is central to economic development. This paper examines diffusion patterns for 31 technologies for 139 countries over two centuries, extending existing databases to include recent digital technologies and renewable energy technologies. Using cross-country panel regressions, we find that while adoption lags have declined from 50 years (pre-1950) to 15 years (post-2000), adoption intensity in developing economies remains at 53% of advanced economy levels. We document diverging intensity for older technologies but emerging convergence for post-2000 technologies, suggesting digital innovations may reduce the technology gap. These findings inform policies aimed at accelerating technology diffusion to developing economies.
The Changing Geography of the International Diffusion of Technological Knowledge
Economic Research Working Paper No. 92
Author(s): Ernest Miguelez, Michele Pezzoni, Fabiana Visentin, Catalina Martínez, Reinhilde Veugelers, Julio Raffo; Publication year: 2026
This paper examines the evolving geography of international technological knowledge diffusion over the last four decades using multiple patent-based indicators. We first review the main mechanisms through which knowledge diffuses across borders—including trade and global value chains, foreign direct investment, skilled migration, global science, and markets for technology—highlighting their complementarities and the role of domestic capabilities. We then provide new empirical evidence based on cross-border patent citations, technological trajectories defined by IPC recombinations, patent-to-science linkages, and international patent families. The results reveal persistent asymmetries, with a small group of advanced economies remaining central knowledge hubs, alongside the rising role of emerging countries, especially China. Science-based technologies diffuse farther and faster, while capability constraints continue to limit integration for many regions.
Diffusion of Genetically Modified Crop Technology
Economic Research Working Paper No. 93
Author(s): Charles de Grazia, Nicholas E. Rada, Gregory Graff; Publication year: 2026
Technology diffusion is central to the process of innovation, as new products or processes must be adopted for them to make meaningful contributions to societal welfare or economic growth. We focus here on the global diffusion of technology that has the potential to improve food insecurity and address challenges posed by climatic effects, genetically modified (GM) crops. We adopt a variety of sources and methods to demonstrate the reach and timing of genetically modified crop technology diffusion worldwide, relying primarily on national regulatory approval information. Specifically, we depict the international adoption of genetically modified crop technology over time and assess the rate at which GM cotton, maize, and soybeans have been adopted within countries. In addition, we examine two case studies that assess an underused information source—trademark data—to determine whether they provide an alternative measure of diffusion. The case studies focus on two different contexts: established branded technologies and nascent technologies. In addition to significant overlap with regulatory approval data for established branded technologies, trademarks appear to provide an indicator of pre-commercialization in countries where regulatory approval coverage can expand. We end with guidance on when trademarks may serve as an indicator of international technology diffusion.
Understanding Technology Diffusion in the Agricultural Sector
Economic Research Working Paper No. 94
Author(s): Jose Benjamin Falck-Zepeda; Publication year: 2026
The paper introduces the basic concepts related to adoption, diffusion and innovation in the agricultural sector. This paper introduces relevant definitions and issues, examines conceptual models of technology diffusion in agriculture, followed by a description of the process of technology discovery. The paper furthermore explores the channels and mechanisms of diffusion, the factors influencing adoption, the adaptation of technologies to local contexts, empirical studies illustrating innovation and diffusion patterns, the role of government policies and international organizations, and the impact of technology diffusion on agricultural productivity, sustainable development, and food security and livelihoods. The paper then discusses innovation and diffusion of agricultural biotechnologies and precision agricultural technologies by summarizing the experiences and lessons learned from insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize, insect resistant cotton and precision agriculture technologies in a selected set of countries. The paper draws up policy lessons and recommendations that may be useful to policy and decision makers considering such technologies in their jurisdiction.
Diffusion of Clean Technologies: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Future Challenges
Economic Research Working Paper No. 95
Author(s): Eugenie Dugoua, Joelle Noailly; Publication year: 2026
This paper examines the patterns and mechanisms of global clean technology diffusion over the last two decades. We document four stylized facts: uneven sectoral progress favoring power and light transport; China’s dominance in innovation and manufacturing; the role of modularity in driving cost declines; and limited adoption in developing economies. Through case studies of solar, electric vehicles, and hydrogen, we analyze how policy and infrastructure enable scale. Finally, we assess emerging challenges for the next phase of diffusion, including critical mineral constraints, artificial intelligence, and geopolitical fragmentation.
Digital transformations in developing economies: From the first-mile infrastructure to the end-user finger tips
Economic Research Working Paper No. 96
Author(s): Joël Cariolle; Publication year: 2026
This paper reviews the concepts, mechanisms, and empirical evidence on the diffusion of digital technologies (DTs) in developing economies, focusing on the distinct infrastructural layers of connectivity—from first-mile submarine cables to last-mile mobile and broadband networks. It examines how infrastructure gaps, usage disparities, and technological divides shape digitalization pathways and their socio-economic impacts, with a particular emphasis on lower-income regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis highlights how submarine cables reduce connectivity costs and expand Internet access, yet also reveals uneven benefits due to limited absorptive capacity and new digital vulnerabilities. By synthesizing evidence on rural mobile coverage, urban Internet spillovers, and trade integration, the paper emphasizes the need for coordinated policies to bridge digital divides and foster inclusive digital transformation.
The Future is Under the Glass: Digital Design Protection and Appropriation Strategy
Economic Research Working Paper No. 97
Author(s): Egbert Amoncio, Alexander Cuntz, Carsten Fink; Publication year: 2026
The paper examines how legal certainty shapes protection and appropriation of digital designs such as icons, animations, and layouts. Leveraging the 2012 Apple v. Samsung verdict as a decisive clarification of their protectability and enforceability, we analyze USPTO design patents from 2009–2015 using a matched difference-in-differences approach. We show that legal certainty reduces due diligence costs far more than monitoring costs. This asymmetry lowers the threshold for securing protection, leading to a 9 percent increase in digital design patents. At the same time, appropriation shifted away from licensing toward transfers, with the effect strongest in dense design spaces where monitoring costs remain high despite increased legal certainty. These findings extend transaction cost theory by showing that legal certainty unevenly reduces transaction costs, which in turn alters protection thresholds and shifts appropriation strategies. They also demonstrate how policy changes influence innovation when value is created “under the glass.”.
IP Finance in the Music Industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 98
Author(s): Peter Tschmuck, Dennis Collopy, Christian Handke; Publication year: 2026
This qualitative study looks at the transformation of music IP rights into a global financial asset class, which affects artists and music ecosystems worldwide, from K-pop markets in South Korea to legacy rock catalogues in the United States, regardless of genre. New investors and digital platforms have emerged and reshape how creative works and rights are valued and monetized across diverse cultural contexts. It seems crucial for policymakers to understand market opportunities and potential risk as well as identify key stakeholders in order to ensure that IP frameworks provide a sustainable economic foundation for the next generation of creative talent. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with industry experts and artists, case studies, and extensive desk research, this study explores the policy implications and economics of music rights trading and investment.
Measuring IP Finance and Investment in the Music Industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 99
Author(s): Christian Peukert, Alexander Cuntz; Publication year: 2026
This quantitative study examines how music IP rights are transforming into a global financial asset class, which is having an impact on artists and music ecosystems worldwide. New investors and digital platforms are changing the way creative works and rights are valued and monetised across diverse cultural contexts. By providing empirical evidence of these dynamics and identifying key stakeholders via the data, the study can help inform policymakers and potential changes to IP and other legal frameworks. The research draws on new data sources and original analyses of the latest trends in news media coverage and investment in music rights technology, as well as daily return data from rights trading platforms and information from official IP data sources.
Common Knowledge? Gender Differences in IP Rights Awareness
Economic Research Working Paper No. 100
Author(s): Carlotta Nani, Martin Alejandro Correa, Julio Raffo; Publication year: 2026
This paper examines gender disparities in intellectual property (IP) awareness and participation, using the 2023 and 2025 waves of the WIPO Pulse Survey conducted among 58,135 individuals across seventy-four countries. Our findings reveal that copyrights are the most recognized IP forms globally, while patents, trademarks and geographical indications remain the least familiar. At the individual level, women demonstrate lower knowledge of patents and trademarks, but greater knowledge of designs and copyrights compared to men, with these differences persisting after controlling for socioeconomic factors. These patterns are consistent with gendered specialization in education, professional and household spheres where women tend to cluster in creative industries while men dominate entrepreneurship and technical sectors. Notably, we observe a cohort effect: while we identify significant differences in knowledge between men and women for older cohorts, these disappear among younger cohorts. We do not observe comparable changes by level of education or occupation of respondents. Moreover, women exhibit more positive attitudes towards IP-protected products across categories. These findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns and reveal that gendered patterns of IP knowledge may contribute to innovation gender gaps through educational pathways and professional specialization.
Publication year: 2025
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
The WIPO Academy Portfolio of Education, Training and Skills Development Programs 2025
Publication year: 2025
This Portfolio serves as a catalogue of all the training opportunities to be offered by the WIPO Academy in 2025 and outlines the content of each course. It gives information to potential participants on eligibility criteria, application formalities, timelines, selection procedures, travel and other relevant necessary information.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – 2025
The International Patent System
Publication year: 2025
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2025 - Executive Summary
The International Patent System
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
This executive brief identifies the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2025.
The Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs
Main Features and Advantages
Publication year: 2025
This guide outlines the benefits and advantages of WIPO’s Hague System which provides a unique international mechanism for securing and managing design rights simultaneously in multiple countries or regions through one application, in one language with one set of fees.
Hague Yearly Review 2025
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Hague Yearly Review 2025 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2025
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs.
Madrid Yearly Review 2025
International Registration of Marks
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Madrid Yearly Review 2025 – Executive Summary
International Registration of Marks
Publication year: 2025
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
World Intellectual Property Indicators is an annual survey of intellectual property (IP) activity around the world undertaken by WIPO, the United Nations specialized agency for innovation and IP. This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2024 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, World Intellectual Property Indicators provides up-to-date information on patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications.
Find out more: Highlights
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2025
Publication year: 2025
Drawn from the comprehensive World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025, this useful summary guide explains key trends and takeaways, illustrated throughout with intuitive data visualizations.
WIPO Technology Trends Technical Annex: The Future of Transportation in the Air
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
By examining extensive patent data, this technical annex to the WIPO Technology Trends Report on the Future of Transportation uncovers insights into the innovations transforming air transport and explores emerging technologies in the area. Designed as a comprehensive resource for industry stakeholders, policymakers, researchers and innovators, it offers valuable foresight into the future of aviation technology and its potential to meet demands for efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability in global air travel.
WIPO Technology Trends: Future of Transportation
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
The WIPO Technology Trends report on the Future of Transportation dives into the transformative changes reshaping the transportation sector. The report, based on patent data and scientific literature data complemented by business information, policy, regulation and standards data looks at transportation technologies and trends across land, sea, air and space. It identifies four primary technology trend clusters: Sustainable Propulsion, Automation and Circularity, Communication and Security, and Human-Machine Interface technologies – representing the critical areas of innovation crucial to the future of transportation. The report also considers the current and future applications of technologies in the transportation sector.
WIPO Technology Trends: Future of Transportation
Executive summary
Publication year: 2025
The WIPO Technology Trends report on the Future of Transportation focuses on the sustainability and digitalization of the transport sector. It highlights key innovations across Sustainable Propulsion, Automation and Circularity, Communication and Security, and Human–Machine Interface. The report analyzes patent data and emphasizes the role of intellectual property in fostering technological progress and envisions transformative futures. By inspiring action, the report aims to drive the development of sustainable, efficient, and connected transportation systems aligned with the UN's 2030 Agenda.
WIPO Technology Trends Technical Annex: The Future of Transportation on Land
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
This technical annex to the WIPO Technology Trends Report on the Future of Transportation offers a deep-dive analysis of global patenting and emerging trends in land transportation affording comprehensive insights into innovations shaping the future of road and rail transport systems. It serves as a valuable resource for those stakeholders – including policymakers, industry leaders, researchers and innovators – seeking to understand the trajectory of technological advancements and their implications for the future of land transportation.
WIPO Technology Trends Technical Annex: The Future of Transportation on the Sea
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
Through an examination of patent data, this technical annex to the WIPO Technology Trends Report on the Future of Transportation provides insights into innovations across a range of maritime technologies, and studies cutting-edge developments. Aimed at industry leaders, policymakers, researchers and innovators, this annex is designed to be a strategic resource for understanding the future of sea transportation and its critical role in global trade and sustainability initiatives.
WIPO Technology Trends Technical Annex: The Future of Transportation in Space
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
This technical annex to the WIPO Technology Trends Report on the Future of Transportation presents a detailed analysis of global patenting trends that highlight the latest technological developments within the space industry. Tailored for policymakers, industry leaders, researchers and innovators, it is designed as a strategic resource for understanding the trends shaping space transportation, examining the intersection of innovation, policy and market demand.
TISCs Report 2024
Building skills to support innovation
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
This annual report of Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) highlights the main developments and milestones in 2024, with a focus on how TISCs in 93 countries and technology transfer structures continued to expand their services to meet the needs of local innovators, and how WIPO supports them with new resources.
An International Guide to Patent Case Management for Judges
Publication year: 2025
Produced with the support of the University of California at Berkeley School of Law and the Berkeley Judicial Institute, this Guide highlights the progress achieved in patent case management in eleven patent-heavy jurisdictions. The Guide offers an overview of the patent system in each jurisdiction, including the role of patent offices in evaluating and deciding on patent validity, and the judicial structures responsible for resolving patent disputes. Thereafter chapters are structured on the different stages of patent litigation in civil infringement cases. Readers can create their own custom guide by selecting any combination of jurisdictions and topics covered in the Guide. Please see the custom guide link below or visit: https://www.wipo.int/about-patent-judicial-guide/en
Green Technology Book
Solutions for confronting climate disasters
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2025
The Green Technology Book: Solutions for confronting climate disasters highlights how innovation is transforming disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. As climate-driven crises intensify, emerging technologies, such as AI, IoT, drones, satellites, and nature-based systems, are redefining how we protect lives and livelihoods. From flood forecasting to modular shelters, these adaptive solutions combine digital intelligence with disaster-ready infrastructure in an increasingly volatile climate.
Green Technology Book
Solutions for confronting climate disasters – Executive Summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2025
How innovation can help transform disaster preparedness is at the forefront of this edition of the Green Technology Book. As climate-driven crises intensify, emerging technologies, such as AI, IoT, drones, satellites, and nature-based systems, are redefining how we protect lives and livelihoods. From flood forecasting to modular shelters, these adaptive solutions combine digital intelligence with disaster-ready infrastructure in an increasingly volatile climate.
A Century of Design Registration 1925–2025:
The Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2025
Marking 100 years of the Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs, this book traces its evolution from a European framework in 1925 to today’s truly global system covering nearly 100 economies. Through data, infographics and a gallery of 100 registered designs, it highlights the System’s adaptability, the shifting profile of applicants and the growing role of design in innovation, culture and industry.
Publication year: 2025
This WIPO Technology SPARK Report on Technologies for Mine Action provides an overview of global patenting trends in mine action technologies, focusing on detection, clearance, and personal protective equipment. The analysis reveals a shifting trend toward remote sensing technologies with growing interest in autonomous systems and artificial intelligence-based decision making. These developments support the industry-wide goal of enhancing mine action safety and efficiency by minimizing human exposure to dangerous conditions.
Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
The Global Innovation Index 2025 reveals innovation systems at a crossroads, where breakthrough technologies in AI and quantum computing advance rapidly while investment growth slows and collaborative models evolve to address global challenges. Tracking the most recent global innovation trends, the GII captures a moment of recalibration where R&D growth has slowed, venture capital activity has moderated with cautious early-stage funding, and patenting gains remain modest, even as collaboration grows through networked ecosystems and multi-stakeholder platforms.
Global Innovation Index 2025
Executive Version
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
The Executive Version of the Global Innovation Index 2025 provides key highlights and results presented in the full report. The GII 2025 reveals who is leading in global innovation, ranking the innovation performance of 139 economies and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it identifies the world’s top 100 science and technology clusters.
Intellectual Property Valuation Basics for Technology Transfer Professionals
Publication year: 2025
This guide provides foundational knowledge and tools to apply practical valuation methods, empowering technology transfer offices to assess early-stage innovations effectively. It covers market, cost, and income approaches, emphasizing practical application even when data is limited or ambiguous. Throughout the guide, case study examples help users navigate each stage of the IP valuation process.
Intellectual Property Valuation in Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
Publication year: 2025
Intellectual Property Valuation in Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals delves into advanced valuation methods such as risk-adjusted NPV and real options analysis, tailored to the unique dynamics of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. Using case study examples, the guide explores the multi-stage development process, providing tools to evaluate licensing, milestones and market exclusivity scenarios effectively.
A Primer on Technology Transfer in the Field of Biotechnology
Publication year: 2025
This publication provides practical, user-friendly templates and recommended language for professionals in the biotechnology innovation ecosystem. It aims to help biotechnology innovation stakeholders understand the environment needed for sustainability, legal certainty and effective technology transfer in this sector, and the considerations involved in challenging issues such as the role of intellectual property (IP) in the creation, protection, commercialization and transfer of research outcomes from laboratories to public and private users. The Primer includes helpful templates as well as example agreements and clauses that have been utilized in successful biotechnology agreements.
Occupational Health and Safety
Patent Landscape Report
Publication year: 2025
The WIPO Patent Landscape Report on Occupational Health and Safety provides an in-depth analysis of global patent trends in this field, with a focus on three key areas: accident prediction, detection and protection technologies. These innovations leverage advanced methods such as statistical analysis, machine learning, and real-time monitoring to improve workplace safety. The report highlights a rapidly evolving landscape shaped by technological progress, regulatory frameworks, and growing awareness of occupational hazards.
WIPO Pathfinders Report
Exploring the futures of IP driven innovation and creativity
Publication year: 2025
The WIPO Pathfinders Report synthesizes insights from over 45 interviews with prominent thought leaders and experts within the innovation and creation ecosystem, exploring how IP-driven innovation and creativity might evolve by 2034. Structured across four chapters, the report assists Member States and the IP community in understanding how current trends may shape the future landscape, providing a foundation for exploring various potential futures for the IP system in the medium to long term.
Green Technology Book: Energy solutions for climate change in Asia and the Pacific
Publication year: 2025
This special edition of the Green Technology Book for EXPO 2025, Osaka, Japan, features 200+ examples of energy technologies and solutions from the Asia-Pacific region, dedicated to the diffusion of innovative green technologies by connecting the technology seekers and providers.
Sustainable Fashion Technologies: Stitching sustainability into style
Publication year: 2025
This report shows how innovative green technologies can help the global fashion industry to manage and reduce environmental damage. Increasing interest from brands and investors, alongside new legislative frameworks, are creating avenues for a more sustainable resource management. Innovation and creativity can help advance a paradigm shift in textile manufacturing and production that results in a circular economy for fashion.
Publication year: 2025
A collaborative study by the UN Technology Bank, Medtronic and WIPO examines how the MedTech sector can tackle the rising burden of non-communicable diseases, which account for over 70% of global deaths. Through fieldwork in Bangladesh and Rwanda, researchers analyzed innovation culture, intellectual property systems, regulations, financing and policies to identify barriers and enablers of MedTech development in least developed countries (LDCs).
Digital Access to Knowledge and Women in Science
Economic Research Working Paper No. 88
Author(s): Elodie Carpentier, Alexander Cuntz, Alessio Muscarnera, Julio Raffo; Publication year: 2025
Scientific progress relies on access to prior knowledge, yet costly access to academic literature can hinder researchers, particularly in marginalized positions of academia and developing economies. This paper examines the impact of free or lower-cost access to scientific literature on gender representation in research. Leveraging the staggered adoption of the Hinari program, which provides digital access to health science research, we analyze its effects on women’s participation in research production and academic publishing across more than 600 institutions in 80 countries.
Publicity Rights and Integrated IP Strategy
Economic Research Working Paper No. 89
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Brent Lutes, Matthias Sahli; Publication year: 2025
Rights of publicity” provide a degree of control over one’s name, image, and likeness (NILs), and can have significant commercial value, especially with the advent of artificial intelligence and digital replicas. Although publicity rights have recently received substantial media and legislative attention, they have so far escaped the attention of economists. This article remedies that with the first empirical examination of publicity rights, using asynchronous changes in U.S. state laws to explore potentially welfare-improving economic incentives and the interaction of NIL protections with other intellectual property rights, thus laying the foundation for a new line of economic inquiry.
Country Perspectives: The Journey of the Visegrad Group
Publication year: 2025
In The Journey of the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia), intellectual property is gaining recognition as a key driver of financing. The region is actively promoting IP awareness, protection, and utilization in recognition of its role in driving economic growth and development. Efforts are being developed to integrate IP-backed financing into traditional financial systems, thus expanding opportunities for startups and SMEs. These initiatives provide a solid foundation for advancing and expanding IP-backed financing across the region.
Country Perspectives: Japan’s Journey
Publication year: 2025
Japan’s Journey in the "Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series" presents an overview of how IP-backed financing is gaining traction as a strategy for many SMEs in Japan without fixed assets. To this end, government initiatives have been developed to educate IP owners, as well as financial institutions, on understanding IP assets and their critical role in driving businesses. This involves going beyond a quantitative approach and solely focusing on their value in the balance sheets but also complementing it with a qualitative assessment how the IP is driving businesses.
Country Perspectives: Canada’s Journey
Publication year: 2025
Canada’s Journey in the "Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series" provides an overview of the IP finance landscape in Canada, highlighting its importance for SMEs. It explores the use and ownership of IP by Canadian businesses, as well as the regulatory and non-regulatory challenges affecting IP-backed financing. The report highlights Canada’s experience in implementing dedicated IP-backed lending programs, which have provided significant funding to IP-rich firms since 2020. It also outlines government support for IP development and future plans to expand SME access to IP financing, fostering innovation and growth.
Country Perspectives: Brazil’s Journey
Publication year: 2025
Brazil’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” outlines the main challenges in Brazil associated with using IP assets as collateral for financing, focusing on two critical areas: IP valuation and IP awareness. The discussion covers key advances in those areas and obstacles that remain. Finally, proposals are presented for projects and partnerships with other government agencies or the private sector to advance IP finance in Brazil.
LDC Graduation Toolkit
Toolkit in patent and technology law for Member States graduation from least developed country status
Publication year: 2025
This Toolkit assists national policymakers in identifying legal gaps which may need to be addressed upon graduating from LDC status in relation to the protection and enforcement of patents, layout designs of integrated circuits and trade secrets under the TRIPS Agreement and the applicable international framework. It also contains frequently asked questions and general guidance, and complements needs-assessment for LDC graduation support provided by WIPO.
Moving IP Finance from the Margins to the Mainstream
Publication year: 2025
This paper describes the potential of IP finance, the challenges it faces, and approaches of different countries to tackle them. It also outlines WIPO’s initiatives to move IP finance from the margins to the mainstream.
World Intangible Investment Highlights
Better Data for Better Policy
Publication year: 2025
Co-published annually by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in partnership with the Luiss Business School (LBS), this second edition of the World Intangible Investment Highlights (WIIH) reveals that intangible investment in the global economy has grown nearly four times faster than tangible investment since 2008, despite economic headwinds and business uncertainty. The World Intangible Investment Highlights 2025 and its underlying Global INTAN-Invest Database (July 2025) provide unprecedented statistics on cross-country investment—both annual and quarterly—spanning 27 high- and middle-income economies, with India added in 2024 and Brazil in the 2025 edition.
WIPO Pulse Report
Global intellectual property perception survey 2025
Publication year: 2025
WIPO Pulse is a landmark survey documenting awareness of and attitudes toward intellectual property (IP) rights. Now in its second edition with significantly extended global reach, based on 35,500 interviews across 74 countries, the survey represents the broadest assessment of its kind and provides a snapshot of how individuals and communities worldwide think and feel about IP. WIPO Pulse 2025 covers the top-line findings of the survey and describes the research methodology used. The expanded scope enhances its value as a unique resource for policymakers, researchers, educators and others involved in promoting IP rights and raising IP awareness globally.
Annual financial report and financial statements
Year to December 31, 2024
Publication year: 2025
WIPO financial statements are submitted to its Assemblies of Member States in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules.
WIPO Workforce 2025
June Edition
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2025
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2025.
Publication year: 2024
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
Guide to the Madrid System International Registration of Marks under the Madrid Protocol
Publication year: 2024
This Guide is primarily intended for applicants for, and holders of, international registrations of marks, as well as officials of the competent administrations of the members of the Madrid Union. It covers the various steps of the international registration procedure and explains the essential provisions of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the Regulations under the Protocol.
The WIPO Academy Portfolio of Education, Training and Skills Development Programs 2024
Publication year: 2024
This Portfolio serves as a catalogue of all the training opportunities to be offered by the WIPO Academy in 2024 and outlines the content of each course. It gives information to potential participants on eligibility criteria, application formalities, timelines, selection procedures, travel and other relevant necessary information.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – 2024
The International Patent System
Publication year: 2024
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2024 - Executive Summary
The International Patent System
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
This executive brief identifies the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2024.
Hague Yearly Review 2024
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Hague Yearly Review 2024 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2024
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs.
How to Make a Living from Music
Creative industries - third edition
Author(s): David Stopps; Publication year: 2024
Building a successful career in music includes managing intellectual property (IP) rights. WIPO supports authors and performers in enhancing their knowledge of the intellectual property aspects involved in their professional work. Copyright and related rights can help musical authors and performers generate additional income from their talent.
Madrid Yearly Review 2024
International Registration of Marks
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Madrid Yearly Review 2024 – Executive Summary
International Registration of Marks
Publication year: 2024
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2024
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
World Intellectual Property Indicators is the annual survey of intellectual property (IP) activity around the world carried out by WIPO, the United Nations specialized agency for innovation and IP. This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2023 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, World Intellectual Property Indicators covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2024
Publication year: 2024
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2024 gives an overview of annual activity across five types of industrial property: patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications. Drawn from the comprehensive World Intellectual Property Indicators 2024, this useful summary guide explains key trends and takeaways, illustrated throughout with intuitive data visualizations.
World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Making innovation policy work for development
Publication year: 2024
Combining economic analysis with in-depth industry studies, the 2024 edition of the World Intellectual Property Report introduces a new data-driven methodology designed to help policymakers make informed decisions by leveraging existing local innovation capabilities and strengthen their national innovation ecosystems. Complementing this framework are three case studies across the agriculture technology, motorcycle and video game industries, spanning eight different countries. These studies demonstrate how countries have successfully carved out specialized trajectories within innovative and complex industries.
World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Executive Summary
Making innovation policy work for development
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
This Executive Summary highlights the key findings of WIPO’s flagship World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Making innovation policy work for development. Combining economic analysis with in-depth industry studies, the report provides policymakers with insights into how to diversify and strengthen their national innovation ecosystems.
TISCs Report 2023
Cultivating expertise to empower local innovators
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
This annual report of Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) highlights the main developments and milestones in 2023, with a focus on how TISCs in 93 countries and technology transfer structures continued to expand their services to meet the needs of local innovators, and how WIPO supports them with new resources.
Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2024
This guide presents country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry operators and national authorities with information on how to resolve third-party domain name disputes in a cost- and time-saving manner. It explains the main policy design features of a successful Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system, and provides information on the WIPO-created Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), including the possibility to tailor the UDRP for specific ccTLD requirements.
Green Technology Book
Energy solutions for climate change
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2024
Energy is at the forefront of WIPO’s third edition of the Green Technology Book. This volume focuses on energy technologies, mitigation and adaptation by looking at solutions for households and communities in cities and rural areas, public spaces and infrastructure, water utilities and farming. The book also looks at options for increasing energy efficiency and introducing new energies in key service areas such health facilities, supermarkets and datacenters.
Green Technology Book
Energy solutions for climate change - Executive Summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2024
Energy is at the forefront of the third edition of the Green Technology Book. This Executive Summary provides the background to the solutions for climate change showcased in the full report, which presents a range of significant energy technology innovations across key sectors of society, including households and communities in both urban and rural areas, as well as essential services provided by supermarkets, healthcare facilities and data centers.
Global Innovation Index 2024, 17th Edition
Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization, Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Lorena Rivera León, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; Publication year: 2024
The GII 2024 reveals who is leading globally in innovation, ranking the innovation performance of 133 economies and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The thematic focus of the 2024 edition is social entrepreneurship. It looks at how a flurry of new ventures are finding innovative solutions directly addressing critical societal issues. Examples drawn from around the world showcase successful examples of social entrepreneurship, helping guide innovation policymakers and support schemes to better scale social entrepreneurship ventures for maximum systemic impact.
Global Innovation Index 2024
Executive Version
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
The Executive Version of the Global Innovation Index 2024 provides key highlights and results presented in the full report. The GII 2024 reveals who is leading in global innovation, ranking the innovation performance of 133 economies and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it identifies the world’s top 100 science and technology clusters.
Contracts in Publishing
A toolkit for authors and publishers
Publication year: 2024
Contracts in Publishing: A toolkit for authors and publishers provides information on copyright-related aspects and contractual options in the publishing sector. With a balanced approach considering the interests of both authors and publishers, the publication offers guidance to building basic knowledge and skills for successful publishing, co-publishing and licensing deals, targeting an audience of authors, visual artists, translators and publishers, especially in developing countries.
Incentives in Technology Transfer
A guide to encourage, recognize and reward researchers and professionals
Publication year: 2024
The “Incentives in Technology Transfer” Guide offers valuable insights on incentivizing academic researchers and technology transfer professionals to actively participate in technology transfer activities and research commercialization. Drawing from successful global examples, the Guide explores motivations, challenges, and diverse incentives. The Guide also provides recommendations for universities and governments in formulating incentive schemes, an action plan for the planning process, and a questionnaire template for a better understanding of stakeholders, with the aim of optimizing incentive programs and improving technology transfer effectiveness.
Getting the innovation ecosystem ready for AI
An IP policy toolkit
Author(s): Frontier Technologies Division, WIPO; Publication year: 2024
As AI technologies evolve at an exponential pace there are many questions and challenges for IP and the IP system. The purpose of this IP policy toolkit is to provide policymakers with a framework to understand the state of play of AI innovation right now and to think about the future as AI becomes increasingly autonomous.
Generative Artificial Intelligence
Patent Landscape Report
Publication year: 2024
In this WIPO Patent Landscape Report on Generative AI, discover the latest patent trends for GenAI with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the GenAI patent landscape, alongside insights into its future applications and potential impact. The report explores patents relating to the different modes, models and industrial application areas of GenAI.
Find out more: Key Findings: Patent Landscape Report on Generative Artificial Intelligence
WIPO Guide to Trade Secrets and Innovation
Publication year: 2024
In the dynamic and increasingly interconnected world of innovation and commerce, intellectual property (IP) protection plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth, fostering competition and promoting technological advancements. Among various forms of IP protection, trade secrets have emerged as a critical tool for businesses to safeguard valuable confidential information and to maintain a competitive edge in an increasingly global marketplace. The WIPO Guide to Trade Secrets and Innovation provides a global audience with a comprehensive but digestible strategic and legal overview of trade secrets in the modern innovation ecosystem.
Models of Intellectual Property Governance and Administration
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
Models of Intellectual Property Governance and Administration documents and analyzes prevailing approaches, trends and emerging directions in IP governance and administration. This study will equip policymakers with valuable insights to support well-informed decisions in designing IP governance and administration frameworks, thereby unleashing the full potential of the intellectual property system for the benefit of society.
Agrifood
Patent Landscape Report
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
With the advent of innovative technologies, the Agrifood sector is undergoing a transformation which is pivotal in ensuring a sustainable food security system worldwide. These advances are set to revolutionize agricultural practices and food production, impacting economic, social, and environmental aspects. The WIPO Patent Landscape Report on Agrifood looks at the latest patent trends in Agrifood, with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the patent landscape in agricultural technology (AgriTech) and the food industry (FoodTech). The report also explores patents relating to the innovation and technological advancements in five case studies areas across the Agrifood sector.
Find out more: Overview of the WIPO Patent Landscape Report on Agrifood
Securing Loans with Your IP Assets
Hands-on IP Finance
Publication year: 2024
This guide assists businesses and intellectual property (IP) owners in leveraging IP to secure loans. It outlines how IP can support debt financing, prepares users for discussions with lenders, and provides insights into the lending process. Additionally, the guide addresses post-loan procedures. Throughout, practical checklists and templates equip businesses and IP owners to maximize the value of their intangible assets and facilitate favorable financing terms
Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: An Economic Perspective
Economic Research Working Paper No. 77
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Carsten Fink, Hansueli Stamm; Publication year: 2024
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profound implications for intellectual property (IP) frameworks. While much of the discussion so far has focused on the legal implications, we focus on the economic dimension. We dissect AI's role as both a facilitator and disruptor of innovation and creativity. Recalling economic principles and reviewing relevant literature, we explore the evolving landscape of AI innovation incentives and the challenges it poses to existing IP frameworks. From patentability dilemmas to copyright conundrums, we find that there is a delicate balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding societal interests amidst rapid technological progress. We also point to areas where future economic research could offer valuable insights to policymakers.
Access to science and innovation in the developing world
Economic Research Working Paper No. 78
Author(s): Alessio Muscarnera, Alexander Cuntz, Frank Mueller-Langer, Marc Scheufen, Prince C. Oguguo; Publication year: 2024
We examine the implications of lowering barriers to online access to scientific publications for science and innovation in developing countries. We investigate whether and how free or low-cost access to scientific publications through the UN-led Research For Life (R4L) initiative leads to more scientific publications and clinical trials of authors affiliated with research institutions in developing countries. We find that free or reduced-fee access to the health science literature through Hinari (WHO-led subprogramme) increases the scientific publication output and clinical trials output of institutions in developing countries. In contrast, once we control for selection bias, we do not find empirical support for a positive Hinari effect on knowledge spillovers and local institutions’ research input into global patenting, as measured by paper citations in patent documents. Main findings can be generalized to other R4L subprogrammes and are likely to also apply to the WIPO-led Access to Research for Development and Innovation (ARDI) programme.
Innovation Policies Under Economic Complexity
Economic Research Working Paper No. 79
Author(s): Christian Chacua, Matte Hartog, Muhammed A. Yildirim, Ricardo Hausmann, Shreyas Gadgin Matha; Publication year: 2024
Recent geopolitical challenges have revived the implementation of industrial and innovation policies. Ongoing discussions focus on supporting cutting-edge industries and strategic technologies but hardly pay attention to their impact on economic growth. In light of this, we discuss the design of innovation policies to address current development challenges while considering the complex nature of productive activities. Our approach conceives economic development and technological progress as a process of accumulation and diversification of knowledge. This process is limited by the tacit nature of knowledge and by countries’ binding constraints to growth. Consequently, effective innovation policies should be place-based and multidimensional, leveraging countries’ existing capabilities and addressing countries’ current problems. This contrasts policies that lead to economic efficiencies, such as copying other countries’ solutions to problems that countries do not currently have.
Global Trends in Innovation Patterns: A Complexity Approach
Economic Research Working Paper No. 80
Author(s): Christian Chacua, Matte Hartog, Muhammed A. Yildirim, Ricardo Hausmann, Shreyas Gadgin Matha; Publication year: 2024
Technological know-how in a country shapes its growth potential and competitiveness. Scientific publications, patents, and international trade data offer complementary insights into how ideas from science, technology, and production evolve, combine, and are transformed into capabilities. Analyzing their trajectories enables a more comprehensive and multifaceted understanding of the whole innovation process, from generating ideas to internationally commercializing products. We analyze the production patterns in these three domains, documenting the differences between advanced and emerging market economies. We find that future income, patenting, and publishing growth correlate with the economic complexity indices calculated from these domains. Capabilities embedded in the country also shape future diversification opportunities and make the innovation process path dependent. Lastly, we also show that diversification opportunities can be inferred across innovation domains.
Can we map innovation capabilities?
Economic Research Working Paper No. 81
Author(s): Christian Chacua, Eduardo Hernandez Rodriguez, Federico Moscatelli, Julio Raffo, Matte Hartog, Muhammed A. Yildirim, Shreyas Gadgin Matha; Publication year: 2024
Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of industrial policies globally. Through various industrial policy instruments, governments make critical scientific and technological choices that shape innovation paths and resource allocations. Our paper explores innovation capabilities as essential drivers of competitive outcomes, spanning science, technology, and production domains. Based on the economic complexity literature, we propose a methodological framework to measure the innovation capabilities empirically, leveraging data on scientific publications, patents, and trade. Our findings highlight the multidimensional nature of innovation capabilities and underscore the importance of understanding both the specialization and quality of these capabilities. Our results are in line with the complexity literature, as we also find: (i) positive correlations between the innovation complexity and economic growth; and, (ii) the predictive power of existing innovation capabilities for fostering new ones. Based on these findings, we propose novel indicators informing innovation policymaking on the innovation potential across science, technology, and production fields of an ecosystem. We suggest that innovation policymaking needs to be informed by deeper insights into innovation capabilities that are crucial for long-term growth and competitiveness improvement.
Innovation Complexity in AgTech: The case of Brazil, Kenya and the United States of America
Economic Research Working Paper No. 82
Author(s): Intan Hamdan-Livramento, Gregory D. Graff, Alica Daly; Publication year: 2024
This paper illustrates successful policies and incentives that build on local innovation capabilities across three agricultural innovation hubs at different income levels and across different geographical regions. It makes the case for how countries highly complex innovation ecosystems, which refer to the diversity and sophistication of local innovators and the types of innovation they produce, tend to have more opportunities to shift their technological path to the frontier. The paper focuses on three agricultural hubs across different income levels and geography to illustrate how smart policies that focus on building local capabilities can help countries diversify and create their own agricultural technological paths. These hubs include: São Paulo in Brazil, Nairobi in Kenya and Colorado in the United States of America.
The Evolution of the Two-Wheeler Industry: A Comparative Study of Italy, Japan, and India
Economic Research Working Paper No. 83
Author(s): Paolo Aversa; Publication year: 2024
This study leverages secondary data to provide a comprehensive outlook on the origin and evolution of the two-wheeler industry in Italy, Japan, and India. The study reveals how different technological, design, and manufacturing capabilities, combined with specific economic and social features in the historical contexts, have contributed to determine different trajectories in the evolution of these national industries. Recent trends towards digital transformation, electric mobility, connected driving are discussed. Three main takeaways emerge from our analysis. Firstly, the local capabilities play a crucial role in shaping both the origin and progression of the technology and the industry. Secondly, the two-wheeler industry displays patterns and trajectories that mimic the automotive industry, which can thus be used to interpret and forecast past, present, and future of motorcycles. Thirdly, the two-wheeler industry has been uniquely influenced by other industries, which has enhanced the complexity and effectiveness of its products and introduced novel elements which are reshaping the international demand for two-wheelers.
Heterogeneous Development Paths to Growth and Innovation: The Evolution of the Video Game Industry across Four Hubs
Economic Research Working Paper No. 84
Author(s): Hakan Ozalp; Publication year: 2024
This study explores the evolution and success drivers of the global video game industry, focusing on key hubs within Finland, Poland, Japan, and the United States. Using a qualitative methodology, the research delves into how unique capabilities and historical development have contributed to the industry's growth across these nations. The findings reveal diverse pathways to building video game industry clusters, emphasizing the role of cross-industry skill transfer, intellectual property, and government support. In traditional hubs like Japan and the United States, the crossover of capabilities from entertainment and hardware industries has been crucial, whereas, in newer hubs like Finland and Poland, the growth is attributed to unique local developments such as hobby coder communities or leveraging the initial localization efforts to build globally appealing games. It further highlights the pivotal role of education in sustaining the growth of video game industry hubs.
Innovation and Intellectual Property Use in the Global Video Game Industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 85
Author(s): Prince C. Oguguo; Publication year: 2024
This paper is an analysis of the evolution of the global video game industry, a sector characterized by rapid technological innovation and changing business models. It builds on the work of Özalp (2024) and delves into how innovation in hardware, software, digital transformation and business models have redefined the boundaries of game development and player experiences. The paper also explores the important job roles in the industry, the role of intellectual property and end with predictions for the future of the industry. It aims to provide an accessible understanding of the industry's evolution, its current state, and its potential future directions.
Closing Innovation and Intellectual Property Diversity Gaps: a Global Literature Review
Economic Research Working Paper No. 86
Author(s): Elodie Carpentier, Jennifer Brant, Utsav Bahl, Aikaterini Kanellia; Publication year: 2024
Innovation is a driver of competitive advantage and economic growth, with patent rights playing a critical supporting role. However, differential access to patent rights and relatively less participation in innovation can affect women and people from other historically underrepresented groups, thereby hindering progress and limiting the potential economic benefits generated by innovation. This paper reviews the global literature on these “diversity gaps”, identifies their key drivers, and documents international policies and initiatives that show promise in addressing them. Building upon Shapanka and Fechner (2018), it expands the geographic scope and reinforces the scientific basis of their analysis. The paper also provides recommendations for a wide range of stakeholders and offers insights for fostering more inclusive and equitable innovation ecosystems.
Are the best tunes played on the oldest fiddles? Distribution and digitization of recorded classical music
Economic Research Working Paper No. 87
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Alessio Muscarnera, Prince C. Oguguo; Publication year: 2024
This research looks at the distributional effects of copyright when creative works are protected under multiple rights. It exploits a quasi-natural experiment and recent law changes introduced under EU Directive 77/2011 on the term of protection of copyright and related rights as well as variation in author death years. We examine the causal implications of copyright and related rights protection around music recordings vis-à-vis public domain status for the availability of classical music as physical and digital releases. Results suggest that public domain status of related rights favours the availability and re-releases of classical music in physical and digital formats. The emergence of music streaming services in EU member states and catalogue-wide licensing moderate effects over time. We however find little evidence that public domain status of author rights affects the distribution of classical music in digital or physical channels. We contemplate the implications of our results for intellectual property policy.
Publication year: 2024
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the patent system is significant and ongoing. Advancements in machine learning, natural language processing and robotics are reflected in an increasing number of patent applications filed for AI-related inventions. AI may contribute to the inventive process by generating ideas and improving efficiency, raising questions about its role in the inventive process and the DABUS cases highlight the need for clear interpretation of the term "inventor."
Enabling Innovation Measurement at the Sub-National Level
A WIPO toolkit
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2024
Enabling Innovation Measurement at the Sub-National Level is part of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) Intellectual Property (IP) and Innovation Ecosystems Sector (IES) response to supporting member states wishing to develop their own complementary and mutually reinforcing sub-national innovation indices. Drawing on the Global Innovation Index (GII) framework WIPO is proceeding in two ways: 1) organizing workshops on the exchange of best practices, and 2) providing this study on sub-national innovation indices.
Metaverse
WIPO Conversation, IP and Frontier Technologies
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
The metaverse, a borderless, virtual world, heralds the Internet's next evolution and is poised to reshape work, play, and more. As technology intertwines with daily life, IP plays a pivotal role in protecting innovations and creations essential for the metaverse, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality technologies, digital content, and virtual business models.
Country Perspectives: China’s Journey
Publication year: 2024
China’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” provides an overview of the experiences of IP financial services by outlining the history, development, and practices so that China can better cooperate with countries in related fields and by jointly addressing the challenges faced by IP financial services.
Country Perspectives: Luxembourg’s Journey
Publication year: 2024
Luxembourg’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” explores both current practices and the untapped potential of the SME ecosystem within Luxembourg. In particular, the report focuses on support for intellectual property (IP)-intensive companies. This report comes at a time when IP is increasingly attracting interest from rights holders, businesses, consumers and the general public.
WIPO Intellectual Property Youth Empowerment Strategy (IP-YES!)
Publication year: 2024
The WIPO Intellectual Property and Youth Empowerment Strategy (IP-YES!) provides a structured way forward for targeted and impactful initiatives that will respond to the unique aspirations and needs of youth in three key areas: sparking passion, building skills, and empowering action for youth engagement and leadership in the IP system.
Generative AI
WIPO Conversation, IP and Frontier Technologies
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to disrupt every industry and many parts of our lives – promising both competitive advantage and creative destruction. But how creative and imaginative is generative AI, what are the potential implications for human creators and how do we ensure that the IP system continues to foster innovation and creativity in the age of AI?
Generative AI: Navigating intellectual property
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
Generative AI: Navigating intellectual property outlines guiding principles and provides a checklist to assist organizations to understand the IP risks, ask the right questions and consider potential safeguards when adopting generative AI tools in their business.
WIPO Strategy on Standard Essential Patents 2024-2026
Publication year: 2024
This document sets out a three-year strategic plan for WIPO in the field of standard essential patents (SEPs). The strategy, based on the guiding principles of neutrality, complementarity and voluntary nature, gives an account of WIPO’s current activities and sets forth the four pillars of WIPO’s upcoming work to serve as a global platform for discussion, enhance transparency, be a hub of knowledge and data, and provide meaningful services in the SEP area.
Mapping Innovations
Patents and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2024
This report maps global patents to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), providing invaluable insights into patent trends aligned with the SDGs. It illustrates patenting activities relevant to the SDGs and the state of technology development across these goals. Utilizing the WIPO Technology Concordance, the report analyzes the alignment between specific technology fields and the SDGs. The study further investigates the geographical locations of inventors and jurisdictions for protecting SDG-related patents. Additionally, a detailed analysis of patent owners headquartered in five key regions is presented, highlighting their pivotal role in driving sustainable innovation across various industries.
Find out more: Exploring the SDGs through patents | Technologies for sustainability | The geographical distribution of sustainable innovation and the patent owners driving it
WIPO International Patent Drafting Training Program
Publication year: 2024
A comprehensive training program that improves the knowledge and skills required for successful patent applications.
Country Perspectives: Türkiye’s Journey
Publication year: 2024
This report gives an account of Türkiye’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” - looking at the challenges as well as government-backed initiatives and commitments to facilitate activities supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Annual financial report and financial statements
Year to December 31, 2023
Publication year: 2024
WIPO financial statements are submitted to its Assemblies of Member States in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules.
World Intangible Investment Highlights
Better Data for Better Policy
Publication year: 2024
World Intangible Investment Highlights reports together with underlying data from the Global INTAN-Invest Database offer novel, up-to-date cross-country, quarterly and annual measures of investment into intangible assets, including those not included in official statistics. The statistics cover a range of high-income and emerging economies.
Country Perspectives: Austria’s Journey
Publication year: 2024
Austria’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” gives an account of how Austria fosters growth and innovation on multiple fronts, from promoting research to supporting local businesses. With intellectual property recognized as a strong driver of commercial success, the country maintains a strong legal framework that supports its protection. Austrian innovators actively leverage IP assets for competitive advantage and market expansion. While IP-backed financing has yet to become mainstream in Austria’s financial landscape, increased awareness and the growing venture capital market present promising pathways for its development.
WIPO Workforce 2024
December Edition
Publication year: 2024
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2024.
WIPO Workforce 2024
June Edition
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2024
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2024.
The WIPO Academy Portfolio of Education, Training and Skills Development Programs 2023
Publication year: 2023
This Portfolio serves as a catalogue of all the training opportunities to be offered by the WIPO Academy in 2023 and outlines the content of each course. It gives information to potential participants on eligibility criteria, application formalities, timelines, selection procedures, travel and other relevant necessary information.
WIPO Patent Drafting Manual
Second edition
Publication year: 2023
The WIPO Patent Drafting Manual helps inventors and their advisors acquire the technical skills needed to prepare and file well-drafted patent applications. Covering both theory and practice, the manual takes the user through the process of preparing, drafting, filing, amending and prosecuting patent applications. The drafting of both claims and descriptions are explained in detail, with tips and illustrations.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – 2023
The International Patent System
Publication year: 2023
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2023 - Executive Summary
The International Patent System
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
This executive brief identifies the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2023.
Publication year: 2023
Creative Expression in the "Intellectual Property for Business” series of guides provides an introduction to copyright and related rights for business managers and entrepreneurs, explaining in simple language those aspects of copyright law and practice that affect the business strategies of enterprises. This revised and updated version has added content on some of the pressing issues of the day arising from the digital revolution; on levy systems, cloud storage, etc., as well as updated information on the new WIPO treaties such as the rights of performers in audiovisual performances in the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances and access to the visually impaired under the Marrakesh treaty.
Collective Management of Text and Image-Based Works
Author(s): Tarja Koskinen-Olsson; Publication year: 2023
Collective Management of Text and Image-Based Works offers a general description of collective management of copyright in the text and image sector. It provides insight into the legislative framework and national operational systems in different parts of the world.
Hague Yearly Review 2023
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Hague Yearly Review 2023 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2023
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs.
Madrid Yearly Review 2023
International Registration of Marks
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Madrid Yearly Review 2023 – Executive Summary
International Registration of Marks
Publication year: 2023
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2022 filing, registration and in force statistics from national and regional IP offices, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the creative economy.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2023
Publication year: 2023
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
TISCs and TTOs Report 2022
Strengthening local innovation capacities to accelerate knowledge and technology transfer
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
This annual report for Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) and Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) highlights the main developments and milestones in 2022, with a focus on how TISCs in 90 countries and TTOs continued to expand their services to meet the needs of local innovators, and how WIPO supports them with new resources.
The Global Publishing Industry in 2022
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
This report provides a global overview of the publishing industry in 2022, covering both trade and education. Data is compiled by WIPO in collaboration with Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP), the International ISBN Agency, the International Publishers Association (IPA), and the Nielsen Company. The survey focuses on published materials with an ISBN or DOI. It aims to make industry data accessible and highlight challenges in reporting consistent data.
The Global Publishing Industry in 2021
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
This report provides a global overview of the publishing industry in 2021, covering both trade and education. Data is compiled by WIPO in collaboration with Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP), the International ISBN Agency, the International Publishers Association (IPA), and the Nielsen Company. The survey focuses on published materials with an ISBN or DOI. It aims to make industry data accessible and highlight challenges in reporting consistent data.
WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights
Members of the African Intellectual Property Organization (1997-2018)
Author(s): Joseph Fometeu, Max Lambert Ndéma Elongué; Publication year: 2023
This casebook of selected judgments from the member states of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) is the second volume in the WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights. This collection gives the global intellectual property (IP) community access to landmark judgments from jurisdictions that are among the most dynamic litigation venues or whose jurisprudence is not readily available to an international audience, through a succession of volumes that illustrate IP adjudication approaches and trends by jurisdiction or by theme.
COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics
Insights into related patenting activity throughout the pandemic - Patent Landscape Reports
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2023
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been remarkable research and innovation efforts to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease. This report provides observations based on a comprehensive review of the patenting activity that took place in the field of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics and builds on the insights discussed in the first WIPO COVID-19 Patent Landscape Report published in March 2022.
Find out more: Interactive dashboard | Infographic 1: Overview of patenting activity related to COVID-19 | Infographic 2: Patenting activity related to COVID-19 vaccines | Infographic 3: Patenting activity related to COVID-19 Therapeutics | Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Patents
Patent Landscape Report
Production of titanium and titanium dioxide from ilmenite and related applications
Publication year: 2023
This report provides a landscape of the patent activity on the process of extracting titanium dioxide or titanium metal from ilmenite ore. In addition, a section on the industrial applications of titanium dioxide and titanium metal focuses on selected applications, such as ceramics, medical technology, electrodes for batteries, cosmetics, coatings and water treatment. This WIPO Patent Landscape Report aims to help policy and decision makers identify opportunities for ilmenite processing technologies and applications.
Find out more: Interactive dashboard | Infographic 1: Titanium Dioxide from Ilmenite | Infographic 2: Production of Titanium Metal | Infographic 3: Industrial applications of titanium dioxide and titanium
Green Technology Book
Solutions for climate change mitigation
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
WIPO’s second edition of the Green Technology Book illustrates how innovation, technology and intellectual property are at the forefront of climate change mitigation. This edition focuses on cities, agriculture and land use, and industry showcasing the diversity of developed and emerging technologies and solutions that aim to mitigate climate change.
Green Technology Book
Solutions for climate change mitigation - Executive summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
WIPO’s second edition of the Green Technology Book illustrates how innovation, technology and intellectual property are at the forefront of climate change mitigation. This edition focuses on cities, agriculture and land use, and industry and highlights a broad range of technologies and solutions aiming to mitigate climate change.
Introduction to the International Intellectual Property Legal Framework
Author(s): WIPO, Justice Stephen Burley, Federal Court of Australia, Sydney, Australia, WIPO; Publication year: 2023
The Intellectual Property Benchbook Series is a set of practical manuals on IP law and procedure to assist judges in adjudicating IP cases appearing before them in their own courts, as well as for readers interested in learning about judicial adjudication of IP disputes across jurisdictions. This is the first title of the Benchbook series, and introduces the international legal framework for IP, sharing WIPO’s expertise and global perspective on the multilateral treaties that shape IP law in the areas of trademark, patent, copyright, and remedies.
Intellectual Property Adjudication in the Philippines
Author(s): Associate Justice Maria Rowena Modesto-San Pedro, Court of Tax Appeals, Quezon City, Philippines, Justice Stephen Burley, Federal Court of Australia, Sydney, Australia, WIPO; Publication year: 2023
The Intellectual Property Benchbook Series is a set of practical manuals on IP law and procedure to assist judges in adjudicating IP cases appearing before them in their own courts, as well as for readers interested in learning about judicial adjudication of IP disputes across jurisdictions. This title in the series provides a guide to the judicial management of IP disputes at each stage of adjudication in the Philippines, with a particular focus on procedural aspects. This title was drafted by experienced judges with the perspective of sharing good practices with their judicial peers.
Intellectual Property Adjudication in Viet Nam
Author(s): Justice Le Van Minh, Supreme People’s Court, Hanoi, Viet Nam, Justice Stephen Burley, Federal Court of Australia, Sydney, Australia, WIPO; Publication year: 2023
The Intellectual Property Benchbook Series is a set of practical manuals on IP law and procedure to assist judges in adjudicating IP cases appearing before them in their own courts, as well as for readers interested in learning about judicial adjudication of IP disputes across jurisdictions. This title in the series provides a guide to the judicial management of IP disputes at each stage of adjudication in Viet Nam, with a particular focus on procedural aspects. This title was drafted by experienced judges with the perspective of sharing good practices with their judicial peers.
Guidelines for designing an IP survey
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
Surveys based on intellectual property (IP) can be a valuable tool in designing innovation and IP policies. This short guide outlines best practices for designing IP-related surveys, with the aim of promoting their adoption by governments and researchers keen to understand the economic behavior of stakeholders in the IP system and design policies to assist its development.
Patent Landscape Report - Graphite and its applications
Publication year: 2023
This WIPO Patent Landscape Report examines global graphite-related patenting activity in the last decade. In addition, the report uses market and business information to assess the current state of graphite technologies and identify innovation hot topics, as well as examining both better-studied areas and the emerging uses of graphite.
Find out more: Interactive dashboard | Infographic 1: Graphite and its production process | Infographic 2: Graphite products and its industrial applications
Global Innovation Index 2023, 16th Edition
Innovation in the face of uncertainty
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
The Global Innovation Index 2023 (GII) takes the pulse of innovation against a background of an economic and geopolitical environment fraught with uncertainty. Tracking the most recent global innovation trends, the GII finds that – despite a climate of disquiet and a decline in risk capital investment – opportunities abound as a result of the incipient Digital Age and Deep Science innovation waves. At its core, the GII 2023 reveals who is leading in global innovation, ranking the innovation performance of 132 economies and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it identifies the world’s top 100 science and technology clusters. The GII is a “tool for action” regarding innovation policy. Governments around the world have used the GII to benchmark innovation performance, perfect innovation metrics and, ultimately, to shape evidence-based innovation policymaking. In the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), since 2019, the GII has been recognized by the United Nations General Assembly to be a benchmark for measuring innovation, including more recently in a post-pandemic environment.
Global Innovation Index 2023
Executive Summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2023
The GII 2023 Executive Summary provides key highlights and results presented in the full GII 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty report. The GII 2023 reveals who is leading in global innovation, ranking the innovation performance of 132 economies and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it identifies the world’s top 100 science and technology clusters.
The Global Gender Gap in Innovation and Creativity: An International Comparison of the Gender Gap in Global Patenting over Two Decades
WIPO Development Studies
Author(s): Invent Together, World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
This report analyzes women’s participation in international patent applications between 1999 and 2020 and finds that women are involved in only 23% of all applications, representing 13% of all inventors listed. Women’s participation in patenting varies across regions, sectors, and industries, with higher representation in biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, and lower in mechanical engineering. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia than in the private sector, and typically work in mostly-male teams or alone. Achieving gender parity will require significant effort, with an estimated target year of 2061 based on current trends.
COVID-19, Innovative Firms and Resilience
Economic Research Working Paper No. 73
Author(s): Filippo Belloc, Massimo Del Gatto, Michele Battisti; Publication year: 2023
This paper explores the empirical association between patents and various indicators of firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic with worldwide firm-level data from manufacturing industries. The study shows that patent-intensive firms have a reduced probability of exit, in particular if they are larger and if engaging with complementary investments in R&D and other intangibles. Additional estimates show that firm productivity has been an important transmission channel. Taken together, the results presented in the paper offer evidence-based findings pointing to patents as an important potential factor contributing to firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy insights are discussed.
IP assets and film finance - a primer on standard practices in the U.S.
Economic Research Working Paper No. 74
Author(s): Alessio Muscarnera, Alexander Cuntz, Matthias Sahli, Prince C. Oguguo; Publication year: 2023
This research summarizes the basic economics of film finance and standard practices in the U.S. movie industry. It shows how risk and uncertainty around new film finance are managed by the private sector and what market-based solutions have been developed to mitigate risk in the sector. Based on a series of expert interviews and exploratory data analysis, the research presents the most common types of financial deals on the ground and reoccurring funding practices for new film production and distribution in the past twenty years, including a discussion of most recent trends and digital changes in the sector. In particular, the research highlights the prominent role of intellectual property (IP) in financial transactions of the movie industry and it discusses policy options in the U.S. and beyond to better leverage IP assets for financing purposes.
Digitization and Availability of Artworks in Online Museum Collections
Economic Research Working Paper No. 75
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Matthias Sahli, Paul J. Heald; Publication year: 2023
We provide quantitative evidence from museum collections about how copyright status affects the availability of digital images of artworks. The paper applies a regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design to estimate online availability of artworks from U.S. collections on digital platforms. We find a strong increase in the availability of digital surrogates when copyright is perceived to expire and original artworks are likely to transition to the public domain. Moreover, artworks and surrogates made available see a large number of downstream reuses based on google image search data, which indicates online availability is of commercial and public value independent of right status. Notably, we show that upstream surrogates of public domain artworks made available by museums are positively correlated with higher image resolution quality as compared to digitized artworks still protected under copyright laws. At the same time, it seems expressed industry norms can help encourage U.S. museums to also make low-resolution surrogates of copyrighted artworks available.
Ars longa, vita brevis: The death of the creator and the impact on exhibitions and auction markets
Economic Research Working Paper No. 76
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Matthias Sahli; Publication year: 2023
This paper studies the death effect on artists’ exhibitions and commercial success in the secondary art market. Based on a random sample of 1’000 popular artists born after the turn of the 20th century, we construct a novel panel data set of their worldwide exhibition history and auction transactions. By applying a regression discontinuity and event study design, we find an overall negative effect of artist death on the number of exhibitions. However, this post mortem effect disappears in longer term. Roughly ten years after death, exhibitions are back to pre-death levels. Arguably, transaction cost and higher auction prices after death also temporarily increase the average cost of exhibiting artworks, e.g. higher market valuation raises (unobserved) insurance cost for exhibitions. Hedonic auction price models confirm this intuition and suggest a significant price premium posthumously. We find substantial heterogeneity in the treatment depending on the age and reputation of the artist at death. Overall findings explain important mechanisms for the post mortem value of artistic work and have important policy implications for the creative sectors and the design of legacy stewardship rules, including a possible justification for rights granted post mortem such as copyright.
Hague System Information Kit
Secure protection for up to 100 designs, in over 90 countries, through one international application.
Publication year: 2023
An overview of the Hague System with legal and procedural information for securing protection of your designs in more than 90 countries through one online application.
WIPO Intellectual Property (IP) and Gender Action Plan: The Role of IP in Support of Women and Girls
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2023
This document sets out the first strategic plan for WIPO’s newly created IP and gender program which aligns with WIPO’s Medium-Term Strategic Plan and complements WIPO’s Gender Policy. Under the IP and Gender Action Plan (IPGAP), WIPO’s policy is to lead the development of an IP ecosystem that promotes and encourages women’s engagement in IP and innovation. WIPO will equip member states and external stakeholders by providing the necessary data and information to integrate a gender perspective into IP legislation, policies, programs and projects. This will attract investments, create jobs and drive economic growth for the benefit of women, communities and member states.
Country Perspectives: Switzerland’s Journey
Author(s): Alfred Radauer, Christine Bachner; Publication year: 2023
Switzerland’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” gives an account of Switzerland’s financing journey, the initiatives and the challenges faced, as well as the next steps to improve access to financing to commercialize Swiss innovation.
Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property
Background Brief - No. 1
Publication year: 2023
This Brief provides general and basic information on the interface between intellectual property and traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and genetic resources.
The WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore
Background Brief - No. 2
Publication year: 2023
This Brief provides background information on the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC).
Developing a National Strategy on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions
Background Brief - No. 3
Publication year: 2023
This Brief summarizes the legal, policy and operational issues that need to be considered in developing a national strategy for the intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions.
Intellectual Property and Arts Festivals
Background Brief - No. 4
Publication year: 2023
This Brief introduces intellectual property consideration for arts festival organizers, to safeguard and promote their own interests and those of festival participants.
Intellectual Property and Traditional Handicrafts
Background Brief - No. 5
Publication year: 2023
This Brief identifies practical, accessible and often community-based means of using the existing intellectual property system for the effective recognition, protection, management, marketing and commercialization of traditional handicrafts.
Intellectual Property and Traditional Medical Knowledge
Background Brief - No. 6
Publication year: 2023
This Brief introduces different options on intellectual property protection of traditional medical knowledge.
Customary Law and Traditional Knowledge
Background Brief - No. 7
Publication year: 2023
This Brief explores the issues concerning customary law, traditional knowledge and intellectual property.
Alternative Dispute Resolution for Disputes Related to Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions and Genetic Resources
Background Brief - No. 8
Publication year: 2023
This Brief introduces how alternative dispute resolution offers an alternative to formal court-based systems for tackling intellectual property disputes that may arise in relation to traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions and genetic resources.
Documentation of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions
Background Brief - No. 9
Publication year: 2023
This Brief describes the main objectives of documenting traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions, the intellectual property issues that may arise and options for addressing them.
Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources
Background Brief - No. 10
Publication year: 2023
This Brief introduces intellectual property issues related to genetic resources under discussion in WIPO.
Intellectual property offices and sustainable innovation
Implementing the SDGs in national intellectual property systems
Publication year: 2023
This study has been commissioned by WIPO Japan Office, in collaboration with WIPO’s Special Representative on the UN SDGs to identify examples of good practice among IP offices in supporting the achievement of SDGs. Using a combination of primary and secondary research (survey data and published materials), a cross-section of offices has been examined.
WIPO High-Level Policy on Environmental Responsibility
Publication year: 2023
This document sets out the High-Level Policy on Environmental Responsibility for the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Annual financial report and financial statements
Year to December 31, 2022
Publication year: 2023
WIPO financial statements are submitted to its Assemblies of Member States in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules.
Intellectual Property (IP) Education in Business Schools
A Global Perspective
Publication year: 2023
How do business schools equip budding entrepreneurs and business students with the IP skills needed for a global knowledge economy? To get a more informed view of the extent of IP education in business schools, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) undertook this study in collaboration with the Global Business School Network (GBSN). The study shows that IP is taught to some degree in the vast majority of business schools surveyed, but that more can be done, reinforcing the importance of collaboration among stakeholders of the innovation ecosystem, including IP governing bodies, business and educational institutions.
WIPO Pulse
Global intellectual property perception survey 2023
Publication year: 2023
Pulse is a path-breaking new survey of awareness of and attitudes toward intellectual property (IP) rights. The broadest survey of its kind, based on 25,000 interviews in 50 countries, WIPO Pulse is a unique snapshot of how individuals and communities think and feel about IP. This report covers the top-line findings of the survey and describes the research methodology used. It is a unique resource for policymakers, researchers, educators and others involved in promoting IP rights and raising IP awareness globally.
Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for COVID-19 Vaccines: Assessment of the Record
Author(s): Frederick M. Abbott; Publication year: 2023
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Global Challenges Division commissioned an independent study on the role played by intellectual property (IP) and technology transfer in the development, production and distribution of vaccines used to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a case-study approach to provide an in-depth analysis of some of the different approaches adopted by ten different global vaccine manufacturers, with respect to their funding, procurement, vaccine development and IP strategies (including licensing, technology transfer and access provisions). These experiences and lessons learnt provide practical insights to guide global policy-making on IP, health and access issues.
Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for COVID-19 Vaccines: Assessment of the Record
Executive Summary
Author(s): Frederick M. Abbott; Publication year: 2023
This Executive Summary concisely presents the results of an independent study commissioned by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Global Challenges Division looking at the role played by intellectual property (IP) and technology transfer in the development, production and distribution of vaccines used to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a case-study approach to provide an in-depth analysis of some of the different approaches adopted by ten different global vaccine manufacturers, with respect to their funding, procurement, vaccine development and IP strategies (including licensing, technology transfer and access provisions). These experiences and lessons learnt provide practical insights to guide global policy-making on IP, health and access issues.
Country Perspectives: The United Kingdom’s Journey
Publication year: 2023
The United Kingdom’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” provides an overview of the IP finance landscape in the UK. This includes an overview of the types of IP finance used in the UK, the regulatory and non-regulatory obstacles affecting its use, as well as the role of Government and plans for the future to help SMEs unlock access to IP finance.
Country Perspectives: Jamaica’s Journey
Publication year: 2023
Jamaica’s Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” gives an account of Jamaica’s journey to develop IP-based financing and the initiatives taking place to establish an on-going framework to promote awareness and access to IP-based financing.
Country Perspectives: Singapore’s Journey
Publication year: 2023
As the value of intangible assets including intellectual property (IA/IP) increases, governments are recognizing the need for enterprises to proactively protect, manage and commercialize them to derive maximum benefit for enterprises and the overall economy. This report gives an account of Singapore’s IA/IP financing journey – the initiatives and the challenges faced, as well as the next steps on the journey to unlock IA/IP financing for innovative enterprises.
WIPO Workforce 2023
December Edition
Publication year: 2023
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2023.
WIPO Workforce 2023
June Edition
Publication year: 2023
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2023.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 1/2022 (March)
Publication year: 2022
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 2/2022 (June)
Publication year: 2022
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2022 (September)
Publication year: 2022
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2022 (December)
Publication year: 2022
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Protection of Audiovisual Performances
Geneva, December 7 to 20, 2000
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2022
The Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Protection of Audiovisual Performances held in Geneva, from December 7 to 20, 2000, contain documents relating to that Conference, which were issued before, during and after the Conference.
Guide to the Madrid System International Registration of Marks under the Madrid Protocol
Publication year: 2022
This Guide is primarily intended for applicants for, and holders of, international registrations of marks, as well as officials of the competent administrations of the members of the Madrid Union. It covers the various steps of the international registration procedure and explains the essential provisions of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the Regulations under the Protocol.
Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights
Third edition
Author(s): Mihály Ficsor; Publication year: 2022
This third edition of Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights presents an in-depth revision with invaluable updates on the different systems, legislative options and best practices of CMOs worldwide. As with previous editions, the book is written to reach a wide audience, with a special focus on questions that might emerge for governments as they prepare, adopt and apply collective management norms and regulations. The edition also sheds light on new copyright and related rights developments, including digital, technological and business trends, from all over the world. Additionally, there is detailed discussion on topics such as aspects of competition, national treatment, and different models of collective management.
Rights, Camera, Action! Intellectual property rights and the filmmaking process
2nd Edition
Author(s): Bertrand Moullier; Publication year: 2022
Rights, Camera, Action! offers professionals in the audiovisual industry guidance on how to use intellectual property protection to generate business opportunities. The reader is taken through the different stages from securing finance to distribution to ensure a successful audiovisual production. With practical advice and enriching case studies from developing countries “Rights, Camera, Action!” will help individual filmmakers and distributors monetize their creative content.
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – 2022
The International Patent System
Publication year: 2022
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system. Special theme: How the COVID-19 crisis affected PCT application filings
Executive Summary PCT Yearly Review 2022
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
This executive brief identifies the key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and provides a summary of the statistics reported in the PCT Yearly Review 2022.
Hague Yearly Review 2022
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2022
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Hague Yearly Review 2022 - Executive Summary
International Registration of Industrial Designs
Publication year: 2022
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs.
Madrid Yearly Review 2022
International Registration of Marks
Publication year: 2022
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Madrid Yearly Review 2022 – Executive Summary
International Registration of Marks
Publication year: 2022
This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Madrid System.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2022
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2022
This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2021 filing, registration and in force statistics from national and regional IP offices, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the creative economy.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2021
Publication year: 2022
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2022
Publication year: 2022
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
World Intellectual Property Report 2022: The Direction of Innovation
Publication year: 2022
What is the direction of innovation? As the world looks to rebuild from the pandemic, innovation has a crucial role to play in opening up new growth possibilities and creating much needed solutions to the common challenges we face. Decisions on innovation may be complex, but, as this report highlights, it is vital that they are understood.
World Intellectual Property Report 2022: Executive Summary
The Direction of Innovation
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2022
What is the direction of innovation? As the world looks to rebuild from the pandemic, innovation has a crucial role to play in opening up new growth possibilities and creating much needed solutions to the common challenges we face. Decisions on innovation may be complex, but, as this report highlights, it is vital that they are understood.
A Guide to the Main WIPO Services
Publication year: 2022
This brochure outlines the range of global intellectual property (IP) services that are offered by WIPO to support businesses and individuals through the IP lifecycle. These services can help innovators and creators protect their inventions, trademarks and designs in multiple countries, and resolve their IP disputes, through free global databases of IP information, highly efficient and cost-effective global IP protection services, and neutral non-profit dispute resolution services.
Sharing Knowledge, Building IP Skills – The WIPO Academy Review 2020–2021
Publication year: 2022
This report presents the Academy’s achievements in 2020 and 2021, and highlights the latest developments across programs, including new partnerships and course offerings.
Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) Report 2021
Accompanying local innovators on the journey from research to product
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2022
This annual report of the TISC program highlights the key trends and milestones in 2021, with a focus on how the program and TISCs in 88 countries continued to expand and develop resources and services to meet the needs of local innovators.
The Global Publishing Industry in 2020
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
This report provides an overview of the global publishing industry in 2020, covering the trade and educational sectors. It is based on data compiled by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in partnership with the Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP), the International Publishers Association (IPA) and the Nielsen Company. The scope of the publishing industry survey is published materials (i.e., books, monographs, and so on) issued with an ISBN, a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or any other book identifier. This report aims to make publishing industry data available to the user community and highlight the challenges producers of statistics face in reporting consistent and comparable data.
Guide to WIPO’s services for country code top-level domain registries
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2022
This guide presents country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry operators and national authorities with information on how to resolve third-party domain name disputes in a cost- and time-saving manner. It explains the main policy design features of a successful Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system, and provides information on the WIPO-created Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), including the possibility to tailor the UDRP for specific ccTLD requirements.
Guidelines for producing gender analysis from innovation and IP data
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2022
Understanding how women and men can access and use the intellectual property (IP) system equally is key to ensuring that their ingenuity and creativity translates into economic, social and cultural development. This short guide summarizes best practice for producing innovation and IP gender indicators.
COVID-19-related vaccines and therapeutics
Preliminary insights on related patenting activity during the pandemic
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2022
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been remarkable research and innovation efforts to fight the SARS-COV-2 virus and the related disease. This patent landscape report provides early observations on the patenting activity which took place in the field of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, and compares results with clinical trial data for related candidate vaccines and drugs.
Patent Landscape Report - Hydrogen fuel cells in transportation
Publication year: 2022
Over the next decade, transforming the transportation sector to put it on a Net Zero pathway will require a combination of technological innovation, government and corporate decision-making, and adapted customer behavior. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by transportation, a sector responsible for almost 24 percent of direct carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion is crucial. This WIPO Patent Landscape Report provides early observations on patenting activity together with complementary information from online news, press releases and corporate financial reporting in the field of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation.
Find out more: Key Findings: Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation | Interactive visualizations
Green Technology Book
Solutions for climate change adaptation
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
The Green Technology Book puts innovation, technology and intellectual property at the forefront in the fight against climate change. This inaugural edition focuses on three important areas: agriculture and forestry, water and coastal regions, and cities, showcasing 200 available solutions that aim to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to climate impacts.
Green Technology Book
Executive summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
The Green Technology Book puts innovation, technology and intellectual property at the forefront in the fight against climate change. This inaugural edition focuses on three important areas: agriculture and forestry, water and coastal regions, and cities, showcasing 200 available solutions that aim to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to climate impacts.
Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition
What is the future of innovation driven growth?
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
The Global Innovation Index 2022 (GII) tracks global innovation trends against the background of an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, slowing productivity growth and other evolving challenges. The GII reveals the most innovative economies in the world, ranking the innovation performance of 132 economies, highlighting their innovation strengths and weaknesses, and pinpointing any gaps in their innovation metrics. This 2022 edition of the GII focuses on the effect of innovation on productivity and wellbeing of society over the coming decades.
Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition
Executive Summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2022
The Global Innovation Index 2022 (GII) tracks global innovation trends against the background of an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, slowing productivity growth and other evolving challenges. The GII reveals the most innovative economies in the world, ranking the innovation performance of 132 economies, highlighting their innovation strengths and weaknesses, and pinpointing any gaps in their innovation metrics. This 2022 edition of the GII focuses on the effect of innovation on productivity and wellbeing of society over the coming decades.
Calculating private and social returns to COVID-19 vaccine innovation
Economic Research Working Paper No. 68
Author(s): Carsten Fink; Publication year: 2022
What is the return to COVID-19 vaccine innovation? This paper seeks to quantify both private and social returns, using available data on commercialized vaccines and certain assumptions about the pandemic’s epidemiological path as well as the economic costs of containment measures. The calculations reveal high returns to innovation. In the baseline scenario, the social benefit of vaccine innovation amounts to 70.5 trillion United States (U.S.) dollars globally, exceeding its private benefit by a factor of 887. The calculations bear on the private and public incentives to invest in vaccine innovation.
Direction of innovation in developing countries and its driving forces
Economic Research Working Paper No. 69
Author(s): Xiaolan Fu, Liu Shi; Publication year: 2022
Innovation is a major driving force of long-term economic growth and sustainable development. Direction of innovation matters because technical change is not neutral and hence bears significant social, economic and environmental development implications. This paper contributes to the literature through a systematic examination of the direction of innovation in developing and emerging economies and its driving forces. It shows that innovation in the global South exhibits a vibrant and diverse landscape when we do not confine ourselves with traditional research and innovation indicators. While emerging economies are accelerating their pace in inventive activities in fields such as ICTs, biotech and engineering, low-income countries (LICs) are also found to be active in learning-based, incremental “under-the-radar innovations” (URIs). These URIs that are introduced through international technology transfer and indigenous innovative efforts. Indigenous sources of URIs play a primary role in LICs, contributed by localised learning-by-doing, close interaction with customers and embeddedness in regional production networks and clusters. However, insufficient role of the state, a low science and technology intensity and a lack of university-industry linkage limit the potential of URIs. International technology transfer is another important driver of technical change in developing countries. However, its strengthen varies across countries due to differences in host country policy, absorptive capacity, and the type of foreign economic engagement that they have as well as the inappropriateness of transferred foreign technologies mostly from Global North. Given the status of direction of innovation and its driving forces in developing countries, this report argues that the unfolding 4th industrial revolution poses both challenges and opportunities to LICs. Policy implications are discussed.
Second World War and the direction of medical innovation
Economic Research Working Paper No. 70
Author(s): Bhaven Sampat; Publication year: 2022
This paper provides an overview of the role of the United States of America (U.S.) Second World War research effort on the direction of innovation, with a particular focus on medical research. It provides an overview of the U.S. wartime research program, reviews quantitative evidence on the effects of the overall wartime research shock on postwar patenting, describes the wartime medical research effort, and summarizes case studies of five major wartime medical research programs (penicillin, antimalarials, vaccines, blood substitutes, and hormones) and their effects on postwar R&D. It concludes by drawing out implications for crisis innovation and the direction of innovation in general, discussing mechanisms through which crises may have long-run effects, and highlighting hypotheses warranting further investigation.
Innovations in the exploration of outer space
Economic Research Working Paper No. 71
Author(s): Henry R. Hertzfeld, Benjamin Staats, George Leaua; Publication year: 2022
Human exploration of outer space has stimulated multiple innovations from both government and private sources. The decision to invest vast sums of money over a short period of time for the moon programs of the 1960s radically increased the level of innovation. Accomplishing this required new forms of energy for launch and space operations, reductions in the weight of components, and advanced computational capabilities, among many other technological improvements. The organization and management of bringing all of the components together was also essential. This report discusses economic aspects and overall benefits of those innovations as they fit into the prior and continuing push for advanced space capabilities.
Directing innovation towards a low-carbon future
Economic Research Working Paper No. 72
Author(s): Joëlle Noailly; Publication year: 2022
Achieving the ambition of limiting global warming to 1.5°C to 2°C by the end of the century as enacted in the Paris Climate Agreement will require massive investments in environmental technologies and a forceful change of path away from high-carbon technologies. This report presents novel descriptive evidence on global trends in patenting in low-carbon technologies, with a particular focus on the energy and road transport sector. The analysis discusses the role of public policies in driving the rate and the direction of innovation for a low-carbon future.
Global Innovation Hotspots: A case study of São Paulo’s innovation ecosystem local capabilities and global networks
WIPO Development Studies
Author(s): Ernest Miguelez, Julio Raffo, Massimiliano Coda-Zabetta, Renato García, Veneziano Araujo; Publication year: 2022
This report presents an in-depth study of the innovation ecosystem of São Paulo (Brazil). We use georeferenced patent, scientific publication, and economic data to characterize one of the few global innovation hotspots in Latin America and the southern hemisphere. It attempts to understand what makes São Paulo different from the rest of Brazil and the Latin American region by mapping what its main potentialities and drawbacks are. The report finds that São Paulo is rich in scientific activity, but lags behind with respect to patent production. At the same time, it is a patent leader in Brazil and the region with characteristics resembling the large innovation hotspots of the world. The report also shows where São Paulo is in the global knowledge space, and how it can leverage scientific production and global networks to upgrade into more complex technological activities. The report also reviews the main innovation policies at national and subnational level, which may partially explain the São Paulo’s success story.
Global Innovation Hotspots: Innovation ecosystems and catching-up in developing countries: Evidence from Shenzhen
WIPO Development Studies
Author(s): Deyun Yin, Jie Tang, Julio Raffo; Publication year: 2022
During the past 40 years, Shenzhen has risen from a fishing village into a globally leading innovation hotspot. What drives such remarkable growth? Is there a “Shenzhen model” for technological catch-up that is different from the classical “Silicon Valley model”? What kind of policy lessons can Shenzhen offer to developing countries and lag-behind regions? Based on international patent and scientific publication data, this report classifies Shenzhen’s technological trajectory and catch-up process into three stages: 1) accessing advanced technology by participating in the Global Production Networks (GPNs) and Global Value Chains (GVCs), 2) accumulating technological knowledge and enhancing absorptive capability through imitation and 3) achieving indigenous innovation. We interpret this remarkable catch-up process from the perspective of 1) technological specialization, 2) the local innovation ecosystem and 3) its embeddedness into the Global Innovation Networks (GINs). The last part summarizes Shenzhen’s policy lessons in fostering innovation-based economic growth in developing countries and areas.
Global Innovation Hotspots: Singapore’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem
WIPO Development Studies
Author(s): Prof. Wong Poh Kam, Dr. Yu Wei, Ho Jia Yi, Jassmine Lam, Ong Choo Yen, William Kwek; Publication year: 2022
Since its political independence in 1965, Singapore has achieved rapid economic growth and transformed itself into a major global financial, business and transport/information technology (IT) hub, with GDP per capita ranking among the highest in the world since the beginning of this decade. While the first three decades of Singapore’s rapid economic growth have been based largely on a strategy to attract and leverage global multinational corporations (MNCs) to create increasingly higher value-adding economic activities, the last 25 years have witnessed an increasing shift toward promoting technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and the building of a vibrant innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem that supports several major clusters of innovation, including medtech, smart urban mobility/infrastructure and internet/mobile e-commerce. More recently, the city-state has also been seeking to accelerate the commercialization of a wider range of deep technologies from universities and public research labs, including artificial intelligence (AI), advanced materials and fintech.
Technology Transfer Training Needs Assessment
Manual and Toolkit
Author(s): Richard Lorenz; Publication year: 2022
The aim of the manual and toolkit is to enable the assessment of training needs for organizations involved with intellectual property management, technology transfer and commercialization/utilization. This manual and toolkit supports readers with limited knowledge of training needs to identify gaps in skills and competencies and to design effective training programs.
Global Challenges in Focus
Progress in hydrogen fuel cell technology development and deployment in China
Author(s): Hongxing (Tonny) Xie, Peter Oksen, Xin He, Xingxing Guo, Yue Bian; Publication year: 2022
Hydrogen is high on the political and innovation agendas of many countries, research institutions and companies. It is an energy medium with great potential for contributing to a transition towards carbon-neutral energy, however, hydrogen sources are dominated by fossil fuels, and the technical and economic challenges remain considerable. This report provides an overview of current hydrogen and fuel cell technology trends internationally, and with a specific focus on developments and implementation in China.
International Patent Classification (IPC)
Publication year: 2022
An effective and easy-to-use system to classify and search patent documents
WIPO ADR Options for Life Sciences Dispute Management and Resolution
Author(s): wipo; Publication year: 2022
This document has been developed by the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (WIPO Center), as part of WIPO’s COVID-19 support package for member states. It takes into account input from WIPO Arbitrators and Mediators specialized in life sciences.
WIPO Alternative Dispute Resolution Options
A Guide for IP Offices and Courts
Author(s): Joyce A. Tan; Publication year: 2022
This Guide is designed to provide an overview of ADR processes for intellectual property and technology disputes, as well of the experience of the WIPO Center in the context of public ADR programs, and to present options for interested IPOs, courts and other bodies to promote and integrate ADR processes into their existing services.
Annual financial report and financial statements
Year to December 31, 2021
Publication year: 2022
WIPO financial statements are submitted to its Assemblies of Member States in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules.
WIPO Workforce 2022
December Edition
Publication year: 2022
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2022.
WIPO Workforce 2022
June Edition
Publication year: 2022
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2022.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2021 (September)
Publication year: 2021
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2021 (December)
Publication year: 2021
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
WIPO Program and Budget
for the 2022/23 biennium
Publication year: 2021
The Program and Budget is a defining document for the Organization. It establishes the results that Member States wish to see achieved by the Organization over the coming biennium and authorizes the programs and resources necessary for the realization for those results.
WIPO Mediation, Arbitration and Expedited Arbitration Rules and Clauses
Publication year: 2021
This brochure contains the rules of dispute resolution procedures administered by the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, namely, the WIPO Mediation Rules, the WIPO Arbitration Rules, the WIPO Expedited Arbitration Rules, and the WIPO Expert Determination Rules.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization; Publication year: 2021
This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2020 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the publishing industry.
Geographical Indications: An Introduction, 2nd edition
Publication year: 2021
This publication provides an introduction to geographical indications, explaining their basic features, use and protection as an intellectual property right. Written for non-experts, it is a starting point for readers seeking to learn more about the topic.
Enterprising Ideas
A Guide to Intellectual Property for Startups
Publication year: 2021
This publication introduces startups to IP. Through step-by-step guidance, useful case studies and simple checklists, it illustrates how small businesses can use IP to remain competitive and manage risks. Written for startups bringing an innovative technology-based solution to market, the guide will be useful to any entrepreneur wanting to get to grips with the IP system.
IP for the Good of Everyone
Report of the Director General to the 2021 WIPO Assemblies
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2021
This annual report reviews the activities of 2020 and looks firmly to the future and a new strategic direction for WIPO.
From Paper to Platform: Publishing, Intellectual Property and the Digital Revolution
Author(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Publication year: 2021
Supporting the development of a national book and reading culture through local professional writers and publishers requires an understanding of the way this sector of the creative economy works and how it is affected by the digital revolution. This publication is intended to help policymakers, particularly those in countries that are interested in promoting local publishing, to understand the publishing industry better and to understand how copyright and other policies affect the way books are being created, published and consumed.
Protecting Your Mobile App
Intellectual Property Solutions
Author(s): Dr Noam Shemtov; Publication year: 2021
Mobile apps are multilayered products with different features, which may be protected by various intellectual property (IP) rights including but not limited to copyright, trademark and patent. This publication is designed as a guide for app developers and publishers to understand how to legally protect the intellectual property of their mobile app. It offers legal clarity and business-oriented guidelines on IP, to generate additional revenue from a mobile app for creators and rights holders, and provides practical advice and insights to inform strategic decisions. The publication reviews the mobile app value chain and offers a checklist of legal considerations when identifying the relevant IP rights, protection options and strategies.
Find out more: Visit our intellectual property and mobile applications page
Global Innovation Index 2021, 14th Edition
Tracking Innovation through the COVID-19 Crisis
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2021
The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.
Find out more: Press release | Home Page | Infographic
Global Innovation Index 2021, 14th Edition
Executive Summary
Author(s): WIPO; Publication year: 2021
The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.
Intermediary Liability and Trade in Follow-on Innovation
Economic Research Working Paper No. 66
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Matthias Sahli; Publication year: 2021
Liability rules affect the incentives of intermediaries to disseminate and curate creative works, in particular when works build on the work of predecessors and they are potentially infringing copyright. In an application to the visual arts, we show that appropriation artists borrow images from different sources and incorporate them into new, derivative works of art. By doing so, they risk infringing copyright but also put commercial trade and availability of the work at litigation risk as liability can extend to intermediaries in markets (auction houses) or in public exhibitions (museums). Using a differences-in-differences model and unique data on the level of the individual art work, we empirically investigate the impact of the prominent 2013 Cariou v. Prince U.S. court decision on trade and availability in Appropriation Art.
The impacts of counterfeiting on corporate investment
Economic Research Working Paper No. 67
Author(s): Alexander Cuntz, Yi Qian; Publication year: 2021
This study uses a unique international database on customs seizures between the years 2011 to 2013 and matches global corporate statistics to study the impacts of counterfeiting on authentic corporations’ investment and revenues. Applying the matched sampling combined with panel analyses, we attempt to estimate the effects counterfeit incidences have on corporate research investment and on firm sales and revenues (“sales displacement”) in various industries. We find an overall negative effects on the R&D and net sales across various regression specifications, except for the broad sector of tools, materials, and vehicles (HS code 8).
Annual financial report and financial statements
Publication year: 2021
WIPO financial statements are submitted to its Assemblies of Member States in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Rules.
Publication year: 2021
The WIPO Development Agenda aims to ensure that development considerations form an integral part of WIPO's work. As such, it is a cross-cutting issue which touches upon all sectors of the Organization. When formally establishing the Development Agenda in October 2007, the WIPO General Assembly adopted a set of 45 recommendations to enhance the development dimension of the Organization's activities.
WIPO Workforce 2021
December Edition
Publication year: 2021
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2021.
WIPO Workforce 2021
June Edition
Publication year: 2021
WIPO’s workforce is the human capital of the Organization and its greatest asset. This brochure shows a detailed picture of staffing at WIPO in 2021.