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Diffusion of Clean Technologies: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Future Challenges
Economic Research Working Paper No. 95
This paper examines the patterns and mechanisms of global clean technology diffusion over the last two decades. We document four stylized facts: uneven sectoral progress favoring power and light transport; China's dominance in innovation and manufacturing; the role of modularity in driving cost declines; and limited adoption in developing economies. Through case studies of solar, electric vehicles, and hydrogen, we analyze how policy and infrastructure enable scale. Finally, we assess emerging challenges for the next phase of diffusion, including critical mineral constraints, artificial intelligence, and geopolitical fragmentation.
Publication year: 2026
Technologies for Mine Action
This WIPO Technology SPARK Report on Technologies for Mine Action provides an overview of global patenting trends in mine action technologies, focusing on detection, clearance, and personal protective equipment. The analysis reveals a shifting trend toward remote sensing technologies with growing interest in autonomous systems and artificial intelligence-based decision making. These developments support the industry-wide goal of enhancing mine action safety and efficiency by minimizing human exposure to dangerous conditions.
Publication year: 2025
Publicity Rights and Integrated IP Strategy
Economic Research Working Paper No. 89
Rights of publicity” provide a degree of control over one's name, image, and likeness (NILs), and can have significant commercial value, especially with the advent of artificial intelligence and digital replicas. Although publicity rights have recently received substantial media and legislative attention, they have so far escaped the attention of economists. This article remedies that with the first empirical examination of publicity rights, using asynchronous changes in U.S. state laws to explore potentially welfare-improving economic incentives and the interaction of NIL protections with other intellectual property rights, thus laying the foundation for a new line of economic inquiry.
Generative AI
WIPO Conversation, IP and Frontier Technologies
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to disrupt every industry and many parts of our lives – promising both competitive advantage and creative destruction. But how creative and imaginative is generative AI, what are the potential implications for human creators and how do we ensure that the IP system continues to foster innovation and creativity in the age of AI?
Publication year: 2024
Metaverse
The metaverse, a borderless, virtual world, heralds the Internet's next evolution and is poised to reshape work, play, and more. As technology intertwines with daily life, IP plays a pivotal role in protecting innovations and creations essential for the metaverse, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality technologies, digital content, and virtual business models.
AI Inventions
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the patent system is significant and ongoing. Advancements in machine learning, natural language processing and robotics are reflected in an increasing number of patent applications filed for AI-related inventions. AI may contribute to the inventive process by generating ideas and improving efficiency, raising questions about its role in the inventive process and the DABUS cases highlight the need for clear interpretation of the term "inventor."
Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: An Economic Perspective
Economic Research Working Paper No. 77
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profound implications for intellectual property (IP) frameworks. While much of the discussion so far has focused on the legal implications, we focus on the economic dimension. We dissect AI's role as both a facilitator and disruptor of innovation and creativity. Recalling economic principles and reviewing relevant literature, we explore the evolving landscape of AI innovation incentives and the challenges it poses to existing IP frameworks. From patentability dilemmas to copyright conundrums, we find that there is a delicate balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding societal interests amidst rapid technological progress. We also point to areas where future economic research could offer valuable insights to policymakers.
Global Innovation Hotspots: Singapore's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem
WIPO Development Studies
Since its political independence in 1965, Singapore has achieved rapid economic growth and transformed itself into a major global financial, business and transport/information technology (IT) hub, with GDP per capita ranking among the highest in the world since the beginning of this decade. While the first three decades of Singapore's rapid economic growth have been based largely on a strategy to attract and leverage global multinational corporations (MNCs) to create increasingly higher value-adding economic activities, the last 25 years have witnessed an increasing shift toward promoting technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and the building of a vibrant innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem that supports several major clusters of innovation, including medtech, smart urban mobility/infrastructure and internet/mobile e-commerce. More recently, the city-state has also been seeking to accelerate the commercialization of a wider range of deep technologies from universities and public research labs, including artificial intelligence (AI), advanced materials and fintech.
Publication year: 2022
WIPO Technology Trends 2019 - Artificial Intelligence
Executive summary
WIPO Technology Trends 2019: Artificial Intelligence documents how AI-powered technologies are rapidly entering global markets and brings together viewpoints from experts at the cutting edge of AI. It is a contribution that aims to provide decisionmakers in the public and private sectors with an improved knowledge base for discussions on the future of AI and the policy and regulatory framework for this fast-moving area.
Publication year: 2019
WIPO Technology Trends 2019 – Artificial Intelligence
This report is the first in a new series from WIPO tracking the development of technologies through the analysis of data on innovation activities. It reveals trends in patenting of artificial intelligence (AI) innovations, the top players in AI from industry and academia, and the geographical distribution of AI-related patent protection and scientific publications. Its findings are accompanied throughout by commentary and industry perspectives from more than 20 of the world's leading experts in AI, making it of particular interest to business leaders, researchers and policymakers.