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The Future is Under the Glass: Digital Design Protection and Appropriation Strategy
Economic Research Working Paper No.97
The paper examines how legal certainty shapes protection and appropriation of digital designs such as icons, animations, and layouts. Leveraging the 2012 Apple v. Samsung verdict as a decisive clarification of their protectability and enforceability, we analyze USPTO design patents from 2009–2015 using a matched difference-in-differences approach. We show that legal certainty reduces due diligence costs far more than monitoring costs. This asymmetry lowers the threshold for securing protection, leading to a 9 percent increase in digital design patents. At the same time, appropriation shifted away from licensing toward transfers, with the effect strongest in dense design spaces where monitoring costs remain high despite increased legal certainty. These findings extend transaction cost theory by showing that legal certainty unevenly reduces transaction costs, which in turn alters protection thresholds and shifts appropriation strategies. They also demonstrate how policy changes influence innovation when value is created “under the glass.”.
Année de publication: 2026
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Regulations under the PCT (as in force from January 1, 2026)
The Patent Cooperation Treaty makes it possible to seek patent protection for an invention simultaneously in each of a large number of countries by filing an "international" patent application. Such an application may be filed by anyone who is a national or a resident of a Contracting State.
Country Perspectives: Canada's Journey
Canada's Journey in the "Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series" provides an overview of the IP finance landscape in Canada, highlighting its importance for SMEs. It explores the use and ownership of IP by Canadian businesses, as well as the regulatory and non-regulatory challenges affecting IP-backed financing. The report highlights Canada's experience in implementing dedicated IP-backed lending programs, which have provided significant funding to IP-rich firms since 2020. It also outlines government support for IP development and future plans to expand SME access to IP financing, fostering innovation and growth.
Année de publication: 2025
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2025
Drawn from the comprehensive World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025, this useful summary guide explains key trends and takeaways, illustrated throughout with intuitive data visualizations.
Intellectual Property Adjudication in Sri Lanka
The Intellectual Property Benchbook Series is a set of practical manuals on IP law and procedure to assist judges in adjudicating IP cases appearing before them in their own courts, as well as for readers interested in learning about judicial adjudication of IP disputes across jurisdictions. This title in the series provides a guide to the judicial management of IP disputes at each stage of adjudication in Sri Lanka, with a particular focus on procedural aspects. This title was drafted by an experienced retired judge with the perspective of sharing good practices with judicial peers.
Country Perspectives: Brazil's Journey
Brazil's Journey in the “Unlocking IP-backed Financing Series” outlines the main challenges in Brazil associated with using IP assets as collateral for financing, focusing on two critical areas: IP valuation and IP awareness. The discussion covers key advances in those areas and obstacles that remain. Finally, proposals are presented for projects and partnerships with other government agencies or the private sector to advance IP finance in Brazil.
World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025
World Intellectual Property Indicators is an annual survey of intellectual property (IP) activity around the world undertaken by WIPO, the United Nations specialized agency for innovation and IP. This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2024 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, World Intellectual Property Indicators provides up-to-date information on patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications.
Green Technology Book
Solutions for confronting climate disasters – Executive Summary
How innovation can help transform disaster preparedness is at the forefront of this edition of the Green Technology Book. As climate-driven crises intensify, emerging technologies, such as AI, IoT, drones, satellites, and nature-based systems, are redefining how we protect lives and livelihoods. From flood forecasting to modular shelters, these adaptive solutions combine digital intelligence with disaster-ready infrastructure in an increasingly volatile climate.
Solutions for confronting climate disasters
The Green Technology Book: Solutions for confronting climate disasters highlights how innovation is transforming disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. As climate-driven crises intensify, emerging technologies, such as AI, IoT, drones, satellites, and nature-based systems, are redefining how we protect lives and livelihoods. From flood forecasting to modular shelters, these adaptive solutions combine digital intelligence with disaster-ready infrastructure in an increasingly volatile climate.
Technologies for Mine Action
This WIPO Technology SPARK Report on Technologies for Mine Action provides an overview of global patenting trends in mine action technologies, focusing on detection, clearance, and personal protective equipment. The analysis reveals a shifting trend toward remote sensing technologies with growing interest in autonomous systems and artificial intelligence-based decision making. These developments support the industry-wide goal of enhancing mine action safety and efficiency by minimizing human exposure to dangerous conditions.