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Intellectual Property & the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies
Global Challenges Report
An overview of issues relevant to debates about solutions to global challenges, such as climate change, public health and food security.
Année de publication: 2011
The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices
Economic Research Working Paper No. 4
This study discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and public research organizations and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices.
Disembodied Knowledge Flows in the World Economy
Economic Research Working Paper No. 3
The authors outline the main trends in the growth of disembodied technology trade vis-a-vis international licensing and the trade in research and development and technical services. They show that there is considerable heterogeneity across countries in the form of technology trade that countries specialize in and also suggest these are related to underlying appropriability conditions and intellectual property rights regimes.
Basic, Applied and Experimental Knowledge and Productivity: Further Evidence
Economic Research Working Paper No. 2
Analyzing a novel dataset, the authors find significantly positive effects of basic, and applied and experimental knowledge stocks on domestic output and productivity for a panel of 10 OECD countries. This updates the work of, among others, Mansfield (1980), Griliches (1986) and Adams (1990), at an international setting.
How Robust is the R&D - Productivity Relationship? Evidence from OECD Countries
Economic Research Working Paper No. 1
The authors examine the robustness of research and development (R&D) and productivity relationship in a panel of 16 OECD countries. They control for fifteen productivity determinants predicted by different theoretical models. R&D and human capital emerge robust in all specifications making them universal drivers of productivity across nations. Most other determinants are also significant. Productivity relationships are heterogonous across countries depending on their accumulated stocks of knowledge and human capital.
Patent Landscape Report on Solar Cooking
This patent landscape report seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of available technologies that exclusively use solar energy as the primary energy source for cooking or pasteurizing food. At the same time it identifies systems that are simple and easy to use in environments of rural communities; preferably systems that could be used in individual households. The report provides a description of the patent search methodology and evaluation of the results, showcasing the tools for accessing and using patent information. It clusters the available technologies in four categories based on the main heating methods used.
Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination
This report identified 4551 patent families (including utility models) that claim inventions related to desalination of water, and 921 families describing the combination of desalination technologies with the use of renewable energies. Based on this patent collection, various patterns of patenting activity and innovation in the area of desalination are presented, with a separate focus on the use of renewable energies for desalination. A comprehensive explanation of the search methodology and history (including all search queries), and of the evaluation of the search results is included and illustrates how patent information can be retrieved and exploited in the area of desalination.
Patent Landscape Report on Ritonavir
This report is dedicated to Ritonavir – an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection and AIDS. A major goal of the report is to highlight the technology timeline for Ritonavir from the first filing of this compound to the present filings. It identifies a number of innovation tracks derived from the first Ritonavir patent document. The report also includes an analysis of statistical trends. A comprehensive explanation of the search methodology and history (including all search queries), and of the evaluation of the search results is included and illustrates how patent information can be retrieved and exploited in the area of pharmaceuticals.
World Intellectual Property Indicators - 2011
This annual publication provides a wide range of indicators covering the following areas of intellectual property: patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection. It draws on data from national and regional IP offices, WIPO and the World Bank.
When policy meets evidence: What's next in the discussion on intellectual property, technology transfer & the environment?
Global Challenges Brief