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The Gender Gap In Global Patenting: An International Comparison Over Two Decades
WIPO Development Studies
This report examines the participation of women inventors in international patent applications from 1999 to 2020 and reveals that women were involved in the inventions behind only 23 percent of all applications, while men were involved in 96 percent. Consequently, women represent only 13 percent of all inventors listed in these filings, with an estimated contribution equivalent to only 10 percent of all PCT applications. Although women's participation in patenting has increased over time, achieving gender parity will require considerable effort. Based on current trends, if the inclusion conditions of the past five years persist, women may reach the 50 percent target for inventors around the year 2061. Women's participation in patenting varies considerably across world regions, sectors, and industries. Women inventors are predominantly concentrated in specific industries, such as biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, whereas fields related to mechanical engineering have far fewer women inventors. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia (21 percent) than in the private sector (14 percent), but patent applications originating from academia represent only a small share of the total. Although the technological specialization of countries significantly alters the ranking for a few of them, for most countries, their technological specialization is not the primary factor in the gender gap in patents. The report also notes that women typically work in mostly-male teams and are more likely to work alone than in teams of women, including all-women teams or teams where they are the numerical majority. The decline in the proportion of patents from lone male inventors explains much of the positive trend in global inclusion over the last two decades. The report concludes that although women's participation in patenting is increasing, greater efforts are necessary to address the underrepresentation of women in innovation and patenting.
Année de publication: 2023
Creative Expression : An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rights for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Creative Expression in the "Intellectual Property for Business” series of guides provides an introduction to copyright and related rights for business managers and entrepreneurs, explaining in simple language those aspects of copyright law and practice that affect the business strategies of enterprises. This revised and updated version has added content on some of the pressing issues of the day arising from the digital revolution; on levy systems, cloud storage, etc., as well as updated information on the new WIPO treaties such as the rights of performers in audiovisual performances in the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances and access to the visually impaired under the Marrakesh treaty.
WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights
Members of the African Intellectual Property Organization (1997-2018)
This casebook of selected judgments from the member states of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) is the second volume in the WIPO Collection of Leading Judgments on Intellectual Property Rights. This collection gives the global intellectual property (IP) community access to landmark judgments from jurisdictions that are among the most dynamic litigation venues or whose jurisprudence is not readily available to an international audience, through a succession of volumes that illustrate IP adjudication approaches and trends by jurisdiction or by theme.
The Global Publishing Industry in 2021
This report provides a global overview of the publishing industry in 2021, covering both trade and education. Data is compiled by WIPO in collaboration with Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP), the International ISBN Agency, the International Publishers Association (IPA), and the Nielsen Company. The survey focuses on published materials with an ISBN or DOI. It aims to make industry data accessible and highlight challenges in reporting consistent data.
Patent Landscape Report – Ilmenite
This report provides a landscape of the patent activity on the process of extracting titanium dioxide or titanium metal from ilmenite ore. In addition, a section on the industrial applications of titanium dioxide and titanium metal focuses on selected applications, such as ceramics, medical technology, electrodes for batteries, cosmetics, coatings and water treatment. This WIPO Patent Landscape Report aims to help policy and decision makers identify opportunities for ilmenite processing technologies and applications.
COVID-19, Innovative Firms and Resilience
Economic Research Working Paper No. 73
This paper explores the empirical association between patents and various indicators of firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic with worldwide firm-level data from manufacturing industries. The study shows that patent-intensive firms have a reduced probability of exit, in particular if they are larger and if engaging with complementary investments in R&D and other intangibles. Additional estimates show that firm productivity has been an important transmission channel. Taken together, the results presented in the paper offer evidence-based findings pointing to patents as an important potential factor contributing to firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy insights are discussed.
Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks; Regulations; Administrative Instructions; Schedule of Fees.
The present publication contains the texts of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (hereinafter referred to as the “Protocol”) (1989), as amended in 2006 and in 2007, the Regulations under the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, the Administrative Instructions for the Application of the Protocol and the Schedule of Fees.
Patent Landscape Report - Graphite and its applications
This WIPO Patent Landscape Report examines global graphite-related patenting activity in the last decade. In addition, the report uses market and business information to assess the current state of graphite technologies and identify innovation hot topics, as well as examining both better-studied areas and the emerging uses of graphite.
The WIPO Academy Portfolio of Education, Training and Skills Development Programs 2023
This Portfolio serves as a catalogue of all the training opportunities to be offered by the WIPO Academy in 2023 and outlines the content of each course. It gives information to potential participants on eligibility criteria, application formalities, timelines, selection procedures, travel and other relevant necessary information.
Guidelines for designing an IP survey
Surveys based on intellectual property (IP) can be a valuable tool in designing innovation and IP policies. This short guide outlines best practices for designing IP-related surveys, with the aim of promoting their adoption by governments and researchers keen to understand the economic behavior of stakeholders in the IP system and design policies to assist its development.
