WIPO Lex

Law on Scientific Activity of April 14, 2005

1 The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia

Text consolidated by Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) with amending laws of: 21 June 2007 [shall come into force from 20 July 2007];

12 December 2008 [shall come into force from 1 January 2009]; 16 June 2009 [shall come into force from 1 July 2009];

4 March 2010 [shall come into force from 7 April 2010]; 22 April 2010 [shall come into force from 30 April 2010]; 29 April 2010 [shall come into force from 13 May 2010];

16 December 2010 [shall come into force from 1 January 2011]. If a whole or part of a section has been amended, the date of the amending law appears in square brackets at the end of the section. If a whole section, paragraph or clause has been deleted, the date of the deletion appears in square brackets beside the deleted section, paragraph or clause.

The Saeima1 has adopted and the President has proclaimed the following Law:

Law On Scientific Activity

Section 1. Terms Used in this Law

The following terms are used in this Law: 1) innovation – the implementation in a product or service of new ideas,

developments and technologies of a scientific, technical, social, or cultural field or other fields;

2) research – purposeful activity for the utilisation of facts, theories and natural laws obtained with scientific methods in the creation or improvement of new products, processes and methods;

3) science – the sphere of intellectual activity wherein knowledge regarding natural laws existing in nature and society is acquired and compiled using theoretical or experimental methods;

4) scientific activity – creative activity that includes science, research and innovations;

5) research technical staff – persons who have the necessary technical knowledge and experience in one or several fields and who participate in scientific activity, under the guidance of scientists, by performing technical tasks. Engineers, technicians, laboratory assistants, technologists, and operators are included in research technical staff;

6) research attending staff – persons who perform assisting functions in the execution of scientific technical works (employees of planning, economic, financial, and scientific technical information structural units, employees of special and scientific technical libraries, patent service specialists, archivists, as well as qualified workers who ensure the assemblage, adjustment, maintenance and repair of the equipment and devices necessary for the performance of scientific activity; and

7) scientific institutions – scientific institute s, institutions of higher education, commercial companies, as well as other institutions in the articles of association, by-law or constitution of which scientific activity and participation in the process of acquiring and improving scientific qualification is provided for and which are registered in the register of scientific institutions. A scientific institution shall have at least five persons with a doctoral degree in science in a direction of research that conforms to the activities of the scientific institution.

Section 2. Purpose of this Law

(1) The purpose of this Law is to strengthen the role of the State in the fostering of science as a particularly important factor in the development of society. (2) This Law prescribes the unity of science and higher education, the rights, liabilities, independence and academic freedom of scientists, professional and social security, and the competence and obligations of State authorities in the ensuring of scientific activity.

Section 3. Right to Perform Scientific Activity

Any person, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, language, age, political or religious conviction, social origin, or material, family or employment situation and other circumstances, has the right to perform scientific activity. [21June 2007]

Section 4. Research Workers

Research workers shall be: 1) scientists; 2) research technical staff; or 3) research attending staff.

Section 5. Status of a Scientist

(1) A scientist is a natural person who performs scientific activity and who has acquired scientific qualification in accordance with the procedures specified in this Law. (2) The status of a scientist shall be determined by his or her scientific qualification, individual achievements in science, and an expert evaluation. (3) The status of a scientist shall not depend on his or her scientific speciality, or on the motives of his or her scientific activity or the status of his or her employer. (4) A young scientist is a natural person who performs scientific activity and who has acquired the first scientific qualification during the last 10-year period in accordance with the procedures specified in this Law. [4 March 2010]

Section 6. Duties of a Scientist

A scientist has the following general duties: 1) to ensure the objectivity of scientific research in performing scientific activity; 2) to inform the public regarding the results of his or her scientific research, as well as

to provide consultations and expert opinions within the scope of his or her competence; 3) to popularise scientific achievements and findings, and provide opinions regarding

the possibilities for the utilisation of modern technologies and organisational methods in the development of the national welfare of Latvian and the economic competitiveness of the State;

4) to improve his or her scientific qualification and participate in the training of new scientists;

5) to terminate scientific research if such research, on the basis of the opinion of the scientist, may cause a threat to humanity, society or nature, and to inform the public regarding such threat;

6) to participate in the formulation of such scientific research tasks the purpose of which is to develop the economic competitiveness and the national identity of Latvia; and

7) to participate in the process of the scientific development and improvement of the educational system.

Section 7. Liability of a Scientist

(1) A scientist shall be liable regarding the objectivity of the results of his or her scientific research and regarding his or her conclusions that have been reached on the basis of such results. (2) A scientist shall be liable regarding the exceeding of his or her competence if as a result of such exceeding the public is provided with recommendations that do not follow from the concrete results of scientific research. (3) A scientists shall be liable that the materials, financial resources and information given to him or her for the performance of scientific activity are utilised only for the achieving of the stated goals. (4) A scientist shall not be liable regarding the consequences of the further utilisation of the results of scientific research, except for the case where the scientist himself or herself has utilised or prepared for utilisation such research results or also if there is an agreement regarding the liability of the scientist between the scientist and the person utilising his or her research results.

Section 8. Rights of a Scientist

(1) A scientist has the right to: 1) freely choose the direction and methods of scientific research in accordance with

his or her scientific interests, competence and the principles of humanism; 2) participate with an individual or collective scientific research project in any open

scientific activity competitions in Latvia or in foreign states; 3) receive financing allocated by the State and other persons in accordance with the

procedures specified by law, regardless of legal employment relations. A scientist has the right to be a credit manager in relation to the resources obtained in such a manner;

4) participate in open competitions in order to obtain resources for the improvement of his or her qualification, as well as to participate in procedures and expressions of scientific activity in Latvia and foreign states; and

5) submit, without censorship, the results of his or her own scientific activity for publication in the publications of his or her own choice. (2) A scientist working in a scientific institution shall receive a paid annual vacation of eight calendar weeks each year, excluding holidays, but after every six years – a paid sabbatical leave of 26 calendar weeks, excluding holidays, for the performance of scientific research or for the improvement of scientific qualification outside his or her workplace. (3) A scientist has exclusive rights to the intellectual property that has been created as a result of his or her scientific activity, unless otherwise stated in a contract. (4) If a scientist has been working on the basis of a contract, the contract shall determine his or her rights to the property created as a result of scientific activity. Property that has been created as a result of scientific activity financed from the State budget shall be the property of the State. [21 June 2007]

Section 9. Transparency of Information regarding Scientific Research

(1) Information regarding scientific research financed from the State or local government budget shall be transparent.

(2) An institution responsible for the performance of scientific research financed from the State budget or the budget of derived public persons, which has commissioned the research, shall ensure general access to research results. (3) Access to information that is related to scientific research may be restricted in the cases specified by Law. [4 March 2010]

Section 10. Scientific Qualification

(1) Scientific qualification shall be certified by a doctoral degree in science conferred by the Council for the Conferral of a Doctoral Degree in Science (Promotion Council). The equalisation of academic degrees acquired in foreign states shall take place in accordance with international agreements binding on Latvia. (2) A person shall acquire the status of a scientist when a decision on the conferral of an academic degree or the equalisation of a qualification acquired in foreign states enters into effect in relation to such person. (3) An academic degree shall be conferred for life, and a scientist has the right to refer to such degree in official correspondence. (4) A Doctor Habilitus has the rights of a doctor of the relevant scientific field. (5) Candidate of Science or Doctor of Science degrees granted by the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics Higher Attestation Commission to Latvian citizens and non-citizens shall be equal to Republic of Latvia Doctor of Science degrees. (6) It is not permitted to equalise to a Doctor of Science degree degrees acquired in the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, which have been acquired on the basis of theses in Marxism- Leninism, scientific communism, history of the Communist (Bolshevik) Party of the Soviet Union, scientific atheism, Soviet law, Soviet ideological organisation apologetics, as well as theses in which totalitarian ideology is praised or in which the statehood of the Republic of Latvia is belittled or denied. (7) The nomenclature of Doctor of Science degrees granted in Latvia and the official abbreviations of Doctor of Science degrees shall be approved by the Cabinet on the basis of a recommendation of the Latvian Council of Science. [21 June 2007]

Section 11. Procedures for the Conferral of a Doctoral Degree in Science

(1) A doctoral degree in science shall be conferred to a person after the successful defence of a promotion thesis in a Promotion Council. The Cabinet shall determine the procedures for the conferral of a doctoral degree in science (promotion). (2) An applicant for an academic degree shall certify with a promotion thesis that he or she has independently conducted original scientific research, knows how to independently plan research, has acquired research methodology and the methods necessary for work in the area of specialisation, is capable of independently analysing the acquired results and drawing conclusions corresponding thereto. An applicant for a scientific degree, who is a person who has successfully acquired the academic part of an accredited doctoral study programme and has prepared the promotion thesis for the defence, or whose academic activity that has been performed outside of such programme is equalised thereto, taking into account the procedures provided for in such programme and in accordance with the criteria specified by the Cabinet, and who has successfully passed examinations in the selected scientific field, has the right to defend a promotion thesis. (3) The Cabinet shall delegate the rights to confer a doctoral degree in science (promotion) to an institution of higher education on the basis of an opinion of the Latvian Council of Science. An institution of higher education may submit to the Latvian Council of Science an

application to delegate to such institution the rights to confer a doctoral degree in science, if the relevant accredited doctoral study programme is implemented therein and at least three experts approved by the Latvian Council of Science are involved in the implementation of this programme. (4) The State Scientific Qualification Committee established by the Cabinet shall supervise the conferral of an academic degree. Such Committee shall operate in accordance with the procedures specified by the Cabinet. (5) A promotion thesis may be submitted in the official language or in any of the official languages of the European Union, attaching thereto a translation of an extended summary of the promotion thesis in the official language. The public defence may take place in the official language or in any of the official languages of the European Union – upon an agreement with the author and with the approval of the relevant Council for the Conferral of a Doctoral Degree in Science. The submission and public defence of a promotion thesis for the acquisition of the doctoral degree in philology may also take place in a foreign language, if the thesis is dedicated exactly to the research of the relevant language. [4 March 2010; 29 April 2010]

Section 12. Conferral of an Honorary Doctorate

(1) Universities and the Latvian Academy of Sciences may confer an honorary doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa, Dr. h. c.) for special achievements in science. A by-law approved by the collegial administrative bodies of such institutions shall determine the procedures and order of conferral. (2) An honorary doctorate shall not grant a person the rights of a scientist or the rights held by a person with an academic degree.

Section 12.1 Conferral of the State Emeritus Scientist Status

(1) The State emeritus scientist status may be conferred to outstanding, internationally recognised scientists after reaching of the pension age specified by law. (2) A decision on conferral of the State emeritus scientist status shall be taken by the Latvian Academy of Sciences, ascertaining the opinion of the Council of the State Emeritus Scientists. The composition of the Council of the State Emeritus Scientists shall be approved by the Minister for Education and Science for four years. (3) A State emeritus scientist shall be granted a lifelong grant – allowance, which is paid in addition to the old age pension. It shall be disbursed by the Latvian Academy of Sciences from the financial resources intended for scientific activity in the budget of the Ministry of Education and Science. (4) The Cabinet shall prescribe the procedures for nominating the applicants for the State emeritus scientist status, the selection criteria and the procedures by which the State emeritus scientist status shall be conferred and the lifelong grant shall be granted, the amount of the lifelong grant to be allocated, as well as the procedures for establishing the Council of the State Emeritus Scientists and the operation rules thereof. [4 March 2010]

Section 13. Ensuring of Scientific Activity

(1) [21 June 2007] (2) The Cabinet shall:

1) determine the State policy for the development of science and technology, as well as innovation;

2) determine the evaluation criteria provided for in Section 18, Paragraph one, Clauses 2 and 3 of this Law;

3) approve the priority scientific directions and State research programmes, as well as determine the procedures for the control of the utilisation of the financial resources allocated for the implementation of such directions and programmes; and

4) perform other activities specified in this Law. (3) The Ministry of Education and Science shall:

1) develop the State policy for the development of science and technology; 2) prepare a request for the allocation of annual State budget resources for the

ensuring of scientific activity in accordance with the State policy for the development of science and technology;

3) may enter into delegation and participation agreements regarding the introduction of international co-operation projects and programmes, ensuring the recognition of Latvian science and the shaping of public understanding regarding the importance of science for the development of a sustainable state;

4) co-ordinate international co-operation programmes in the fields of research and technology and according to the procedures specified by the Cabinet, ensure support for participation in such programmes; and

5) perform other activities specified in this Law. (4) The Ministry of Economics shall:

1) develop innovation policy; and 2) may enter into delegation and participation agreements regarding the introduction

and implementation of international technology transfer projects and programmes, popularisation of examples of innovation good practices and the implementation of innovation active public awareness measures. [21 June 2007]

Section 14. Latvian Council of Science

(1) The Latvian Council of Science is a collegial body of scientists that has been established as a direct administrative institution subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science. The time period of authority of the members of the Latvian Council of Science shall be three years. The Cabinet shall approve the staff (on the basis of a proposal by the Minister for Education and Science) and the by-law of the Latvian Council of Science. (11) [16 June 2009]. (2) Decisions taken by the Latvian Council of Science may be appealed to a court in accordance with the procedures specified by Law. [21 June 2007]

Section 15. Staff of the Latvian Council of Science

(1) The Latvian Council of Science shall include representatives delegated from: 1) the Latvian Academy of Sciences – five; 2) the Union of State Scientific Institutes – one; 3) the Council of Rectors – one; 4) the expert commissions of the Latvian Council of Science – five; 5) the Latvian Association of Scientists – one; 6) the Association of Latvian Young Scientists – one (young scientist); 7) the representative appointed by the Prime Minister – one; 8) the Ministry of Education and Science – one; 9) the Ministry of Economics – one; 10) the Ministry of Health – one;

11) the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development – one; 12) [16 December 2010]; 13) the Ministry of Agriculture – one; 14) the Ministry of Culture – one; and 15) the Employers’ Confederation of Latvia – one.

(2) The chairperson of the Latvian Council of Science shall be the representative of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. (3) A matter within the competence of the Latvian Council of Science shall be decided, if at least two thirds of the staff of the Council have participated in the voting and more than half of the persons present voted “in favour”. [4 March 2010; 16 December 2010]

Section 16. Competence of the Latvian Council of Science

The following shall be included within the competence of the Latvian Council of Science:

1) the preparation of proposals for the formulation of State policy for the development of science and technology;

2) the formulation of proposals for the preparation of a draft State budget required for the financing of science;

3) the distribution of State budget resources allocated to scientific activity in accordance with the procedures specified by the Cabinet, as well as the provision of opinions regarding scientific usefulness of the use of the allocated resources from the State budget;

4) evaluation (expert examination) within three months of scientific research projects and programmes financed from the State budget and applied for in accordance with competition procedures and the ensuring of the transparency of such process;

5) the scientific evaluation and compilation of the results of scientific research financed from the State budget, and the ensuring of the accessibility of the results;

6) the organisation and promotion of international scientific co-operation; 7) the provision of opinions regarding doctoral study programmes submitted for

licensing or accreditation; 8) the establishment of expert commissions of the Latvian Council of Science

(hereinafter – expert commission), the determination and control of the working procedures thereof;

81) the approval of the applicants of the experts involved in the implementation of doctoral study programmes of institutions of higher education in accordance with the provisions of Section 11, Paragraph three of this Law;

9) the preparation and publication of information related to its activities; and 10) the development of the ethical criteria and discussion principles of scientific

research in co-operation with the Latvian Academy of Science. [16 June 2009; 4 March 2010]

Section 17. Rights of the Latvian Council of Science

(1) The Latvian Council of Science is entitled to: 1) request and receive the information necessary for ensuring a complete expert

examination of scientific research projects and programmes; 2) request an independent expert examination for scientific research projects and

programmes, as well as for promotion theses, if negative comments have been received; raise questions, in accordance with the procedures specified by regulatory enactments, in the responsible institutions regarding the termination of financing, the withdrawal of a doctoral

degree in science, the reorganisation of scientific institutions or the removal thereof from the register of scientific institutions;

3) request and receive public information that is related to scientific activity in the Republic of Latvia; and

4) employ employees for ensuring the operation thereof within the scope of the resources allocated from the State budget for the current year. (2) The Latvian Council of Science is not entitled to restrict the rights specified in Section 8 of this Law of scientists involved in scientific research. [16 June 2009]

Section 18. Expert Commissions of the Latvian Council of Science

(1) Expert commissions of the Latvian Council of Science have the following duties: 1) provide opinions regarding scientific research projects and programmes submitted

to the Latvian Council of Science and the financing thereof; 2) to formulate and improve the evaluation criteria of scientific research projects and

programmes; 3) to formulate and improve evaluation criteria of the effectiveness of the work of

scientific institutions; and 4) to prepare and provide opinions regarding the situation in the relevant scientific

fields in the Republic of Latvia. (2) Expert commissions shall be elected by scientists working in concrete scientific fields in the Republic of Latvia who have acquired qualifications in accordance with the provisions of this Law. (3) Qualified scientists of the relevant sector who in their activities comply with the ethical criteria and discussion principles of scientific research shall be elected as members of an expert commission. A scientist may simultaneously be a member of only one expert commission. (4) Elected members of expert commissions shall sign the Declaration of Obligations and Liabilities formulated by the Latvian Academy of Science. (5) The Cabinet shall determine the qualification criteria of experts and regulate other matters related to the establishment and activities of an expert commission. The Latvian Council of Science shall be liable for compliance with specific expert-examination procedures.

Section 18.1 Administration of Study and Research

(1) The Administration of Study and Research is a direct administration institution subordinate to the Minister for Education and Science. The operation thereof shall be determined by the by-law approved by the Cabinet. (2) The Administration of Study and Research, in addition to the other competence prescribed by regulatory enactments, shall:

1) ensure State supervision in respect of compliance with regulatory enactments and use of financial resources in research;

2) administer, in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the Cabinet, the State budget resources allocated for financing fundamental and applied research projects and implementing State research programmes;

3) ensure fulfilment of commitments in respect of the scientific co-operation with the European Union and other international organisations; and

4) prepare and publish information related to the activity thereof. [16 June 2009]

Section 19. Scientific Activity in Institutions of Higher Education

(1) Institutions of higher education have the duty to perform scientific activity and issue collections of scientific papers or magazines. (2) Scientific activity in institutions of higher education shall be performed in accordance with this Law, the Law On Institutions of Higher Education and the constitution of the relevant institution of higher education. (3) An institution of higher education shall publish a report regarding the scientific activity thereof in the form of a separate publication and on the Internet not later than six months after the end of a reporting year.

Section 20. Latvian Academy of Sciences

The Latvian Academy of Sciences shall be composed of elected members of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and shall be a derivative public law person with autonomous competence in the State administrative system whose rights and duties have been specified in the Charter thereof, in this Law and other laws, as well as in the articles of association thereof and which is partially financed from the State budget. The Saeima shall approve the Charter of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, and such Charter shall indicate the purposes of the activity, basic directions, legal and economic grounds, the administrative system, rights and duties of the Latvian Academy of Sciences.

Section 21. Scientific Institute

(1) A scientific institute shall perform scientific activity, as well as activities related to the acquisition and improvement of scientific qualifications in the scientific research sector specified by the founder or establisher thereof. The scientific institute in achieving scientific goals shall be free from the influence of by the founder or establisher. (2) A scientific institute may be:

1) a public agency; 2) a derived public person; 3) a structural unit of an institution of higher education; or 4) a private law legal person or a structural unit thereof.

(3) A State scientific institute may be established as a State agency or a derived public person. The State scientific institute shall be under the supervision of the Minister for Education and Science or the relevant sector minister. (4) For the establishment, reorganisation and liquidation of a State scientific institute an opinion of the Latvian Council of Science shall be necessary. [21 June 2007]

Section 21.1 Scientific Institute – Public Agency

(1) A scientific institute – public agency – shall be established by a decision of the relevant public person decision-taking institution. (2) The activities of a scientific institute – public agency – shall be determined by this Law, the Public Agency Law and other regulatory enactments. (3) According to the procedures specified in regulatory enactments and in conformity with its by-laws a scientific institute – public agency – shall act with the transferred property and financial resources at its disposal, proclaim competitions, enter into contracts, determine the payment for the services provided in the fields of research and improvement of scientific qualifications. [21 June 2007]

Section 21.2 Scientific Institute – Derived Public Person

(1) A scientific institute – derived public person – shall be established by a decision of the Cabinet. In the Cabinet decision shall be determined the movable and immovable property, which shall be transferred into the possession or use of the scientific institute – derived public person. (2) The decision-taking institution of a scientific institute – derived public person – shall be the Council of Science of the scientific institute. (3) In addition to the competences specified in other regulatory enactments the Council of Science of the scientific institute – derived public person – shall approve the by-laws and the budget of the scientific institute, as well as may establish, reorganise and liquidate institutions and found, reorganise and liquidate capital companies, and decide regarding participation in associations, foundations and capital companies. (4) A scientific institute – derived public person – is not entitled to establish another scientific institute. (5) A State scientific institute – public agency – may with a decision of the Cabinet be converted to a scientific institute – derived public person. In the conversion the following activities of the scientific institute shall be evaluated:

1) the volume of private sector funds attracted; and 2) the results acquired to date by the scientific institute in co-operation with merchants

and the opinion of economic experts regarding them. (6) The State scientific institutes “Elektronikas un datorzinātņu institūts” [Institute of Electronics and Computer Science], “Fizikālās enerģētikas institūts” [Institute of Physical Energetics], “Latvijas Biomedicīnas pētījumu un studiju centrs” [Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre], “Latvijas Hidroekoloģijas institūts” [Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology], “Latvijas Organiskās sintēzes institūts” [Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis], “Latvijas Valsts agrārās ekonomikas institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics], “Latvijas Valsts augļkopības institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Fruit- Growing], “Latvijas Valsts koksnes ķīmijas institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry], “Latvijas Valsts mežzinātnes institūts “Silava”” [Latvian Forestry Research Institute “Silava””http://www.lvaei.lv/en/index.html], “Valsts Priekuļu laukaugu selekcijas institūts” [Priekuli State Plant Breeding Institute] and “Valsts Stendes graudaugu selekcijas institūts” [Stende State Cereals Breeding Institute] are State scientific institutes – derived public persons. [21 June 2007]

Section 21.3 Scientific Institute – Structural Unit of an Institution of Higher Education

A scientific institute may be established as a structural unit of an institution of higher education taking into account the provisions of Law On Institutions of Higher Education, this Law and other regulatory enactments. [21 June 2007]

Section 21.4 Scientific Institute – Private Law Legal Person

(1) A scientific institute – private law legal person – shall be established or founded and operates in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the Commercial Law, Associations and Foundations Law, as well as with other regulatory enactments. (2) A scientific institute – private law legal person – may be founded also as a State or local government capital company. [21 June 2007]

Section 22. Administration of a Scientific Institute

A scientific institute shall be administered by a scientific institute collegial body of scientists – a scientific council and the director elected thereby. [21 June 2007]

Section 23. Scientific Council of a Scientific Institute

(1) A general meeting of scientists shall elect the scientific institute scientific council of a scientific institute for a time period not exceeding five years. (2) The following shall be included in the competence of a scientific council:

1) the determination of the main directions of the scientific activity of a scientific institute in the scientific research sector selected by the founder;

2) the election of the director of the scientific institute and the approval of the scientific activity management officials of the scientific institute ;

3) the election of a person to academic positions; 4) the raising of the question regarding the removal of a senior researcher, researcher

or research assistant from office prior to the termination of authority; and 5) the election of representatives to budget, economic and administrative

commissions. [21 June 2007]

Section 24. Director of a Scientific Institute

(1) The director of a scientific institute shall be a higher official who implements the general administrative management of the institute and represents the institute without special authorisation. (2) An open competition for the office of the director of a scientific institute shall be announced in the newspaper Latvijas Vēstnesis [the official Gazette of the Government of Latvia]. The scientific council of the scientific institute shall elect the director to office for a time period not exceeding five years and not more than two successive times. (3) The scientific institute director elected by the scientific council of the scientific institute – public agency – shall be confirmed in office by the minister under whose supervision the relevant State agency is located. (4) The scientific institute director elected by the scientific council of the scientific institute – derived public person agency – shall be confirmed in office by the relevant manager of the derived public person – the rector of the institution of higher education or the executive director of the local government. The scientific institute director elected by the scientific council of the scientific institute – structural unit of a State institution of higher education – shall be confirmed in office by the rector of the institution of higher education. (5) The scientific institute director elected by the scientific council of the scientific institute – private law legal person – shall be confirmed in office by the relevant private law legal person executive body. (6) The director of a State scientific institute – derived public person agency – shall be elected by the scientific council. (7) A scientific institute shall announce a competition for the office of director at least two months prior to the termination of the authority of the present director. The present director shall perform the duties of a director until the confirmation of the newly elected director. (8) After the establishment of a scientific institute – public agency – the minister under whose supervision the relevant scientific institute is located shall appoint an acting director for the

period until the director elected by the scientific council has taken up the office. In other cases, the acting director shall be appointed by the establisher of the scientific institute. (9) A director shall begin performing the duties of office after his or her election, but in cases where the elected directed is to be confirmed to office – after his or her confirmation to office. If the director is not confirmed or elected, the State scientific institute shall re-organise the election of a director within two months. Until the confirmation of a director elected in a repeat election, the State scientific institute acting director shall be appointed by the minister under whose supervision the relevant scientific institute is located, but in other cases – the relevant establisher of the scientific institute. (10) The scientific institute director referred to in Paragraph three, four or five of this Section, taking into account the requirements of regulatory enactments, on the basis if is or her own or the scientific council’s initiative, shall be removed from office by the official who in accordance with the provisions of this Section has confirmed to office the scientific institute director. The scientific institute director referred to in Paragraph six of this Section, taking into account the requirements of regulatory enactments, shall be removed from office by the scientific institute scientific council. (11) The Minister for Education and Science or the minister of the relevant sector is entitled to revoke unlawful decisions taken by a director of a State scientific institute. (12) The following shall be included in the competence of a director:

1) the ensuring of the administrative, organisational and material and technical functioning of a scientific institute;

2) the management of the financial resources of the scientific institute and the part of State property transferred into the possession or use of such institute and liability regarding the utilisation thereof;

3) the implementation of decisions taken by the scientific council of the scientific institute ; and

4) the approval of the development programmes of the scientific institute. (13) A director is not entitled to take decisions that include an evaluation of scientific research. [21 June 2007]

Section 25. Scientific Council in a Commercial Company

A scientific council shall operate in a commercial company that performs scientific activity within the scope of competence specified in Section 23, Paragraph two, Clauses 3, 4 and 5 of this Law.

Section 26. Academic Positions in a Scientific institute and Commercial Company

(1) A scientific institute and a commercial company that performs scientific activity shall have the following academic positions:

1) senior researcher; 2) researcher; and 3) research assistant.

(2) Persons shall be elected for six years to academic positions as a result of an open competition in accordance with the procedures specified in the by-law of a scientific institute or the articles of association of a commercial company. Competitions shall be announced at least one month in advance by publishing an announcement in the newspaper Latvijas Vēstnesis. (3) Persons with a doctoral degree in science may be elected to the position of a senior researcher. Persons with a doctoral or a master’s degree may be elected to the position of a researcher.

(4) A person elected to an academic position shall enter into an employment contract with the director of a scientific institute or the board of a commercial company. (5) The restriction on the time period of an employment contract specified in Section 45, Paragraph one of the Labour Law does not apply to persons elected to academic positions. (6) Person in the positions of senior researcher, researcher and research assistant may be elected to only one scientific institute. [21 June 2007]

Section 27. Register of Scientific Institutions and the Transparency of such Register

(1) The register of scientific institutions (hereinafter – Register) shall be the Register in which information regarding scientific institutions is entered and in which the documents regarding scientific institutions specified by regulatory enactments are kept. The Register shall be maintained by an authorised official of an institution specified by the Cabinet who shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of the Register (hereinafter – official of the Register). (2) Everybody has the right to become acquainted with entries made in the Register and documents submitted to the Register. Everybody has the right to receive a statement regarding entries made in the Register, as well as an extract, true copy or copy of a document in a Register file free of charge and upon the submission of the relevant written request. Upon the request of the recipient, the correctness of the extract, true copy or copy shall be approved by the signature and seal of an official of the Register, indicating the date of issuance thereof. (3) Upon the request of a recipient, an official of the Register shall issue a statement regarding the fact that the relevant entry in the Register has not been amended, or that the relevant entry has not been made in the Register. [16 June 2009]

Section 28. Information to be Entered in the Register

(1) The following information regarding a scientific institution shall be indicated in the Register:

1) the name of the scientific institution; 2) the legal address of the scientific institution; 3) the founder and the head of the scientific institution; 4) the legal status of the scientific institution; 5) the date when a decision on the founding of the scientific institution was taken; 6) the telephone and fax number and electronic mail address of the scientific

institution; 7) persons with a doctoral degree in science with whom the scientific institution has

entered into an employment contract; 8) information regarding the ensuring of the premises of the scientific institution and

the most essential scientific equipment; and 9) [21 June 2007]; 10) [21 June 2007]; 11) [21 June 2007]; 12) other information if such information is directly provided for by the Law.

(2) In order to register a scientific institute in the Register of scientific institutions, such scientific institute shall comply with the following criteria:

1) at least five persons with a doctoral degree in science have been elected to academic positions in the scientific institute ;

2) at least 10 per cent of the research workers of the institute have a doctoral degree in science in a scientific field corresponding to the field of activity of the scientific institute ;

3) the scientific institute has premises in the possession or service thereof; 4) the scientists of the scientific institute publish scientific articles or patent

inventions, or develop technologies; and 5) the scientific institute has international co-operation in the field of science.

(3) In order to register an institution of higher education in the Register of scientific institutions, such institution shall comply with the following criteria:

1) the institution of higher education is accredited and at least half of the elected teaching staff thereof has a doctoral degree in science;

2) the institution of higher education implements at least one accredited doctoral study programme;

3) the institution of higher education publishes scientific articles and performs scientific activity (implements projects, commissions or patents inventions, or develops technologies) in all of the main fields of the activity thereof; and

4) the institution of higher education has international co-operation in the field of science. (4) In order to register a commercial company in the Register of scientific institutions, such commercial company shall comply with the following criteria:

1) the commercial company performs scientific activity in accordance with the articles of association thereof;

2) a scientific council operates therein; 3) at least five persons with a doctoral degree in science have been elected to academic

positions in the commercial company; 4) the commercial company prepares scientific products (technologies, patents or

publications); and 5) at least one tenth of the turnover of the commercial company in the previous year is

intended for scientific activity. (5) In order for an association or foundation to be registered in the Register of scientific institutions it shall conform to the following criteria:

1) the association or foundation in conformity with its articles of association performs scientific activities – implements projects or commissions or publishes scientific papers, or patents inventions, or develops technologies;

2) the association or foundation in conformity with its articles of association participates in the process of the acquisition of scientific qualifications and improvement;

3) in the association or foundation there operates a scientific council; and 4) in the academic positions of the association or foundation are elected at least five

persons with a doctor of science degree. (6) One year after registration the scientific institution shall submit to an official of the Register the following information:

1) the persons with a doctor of science with whom the scientific institution has entered into an employment contract;

2) a list of scientific projects to be implemented, and the volume and source of the financing thereof; and

3) a financial report for the previous year (commercial companies). (7) From the moment of registration the scientific institution shall submit to the Register every six years the following information:

1) the persons with a doctor of science with whom the scientific institution has entered into an employment contract;

2) a list of projects implemented in the last six years, and list of patents, international co-operation projects and published scientific papers;

3) information regarding the securing of the premises of the scientific institution and the most important scientific equipment; and

4) an international evaluation of activities in accordance with that specified in Section 38, Paragraph three of this Law. [21 June 2007]

Section 29. Documents to be Submitted to the Register and the Storage Thereof

(1) The head of a scientific institution shall submit to the Ministry of Education and Science a submission regarding the registration of a scientific institution. Documents that justify the making of an entry in the Register or amendments thereto, as well as other documents specified in the Law, shall also be submitted to the Register. The original of the relevant document or an accordingly approved copy of such document shall be submitted to the Register. Public documents issued in foreign states shall be legalised in accordance with the procedures specified by international agreements and a notarially certified translation into Latvian shall be attached thereto. The documents to be submitted to the Register on the basis of which entries in the Register or amendments thereto have been made shall be valid if such documents have been issued not earlier than one month before the submission thereof to the Register. The provision regarding the time period of validity of documents does not apply to court adjudications and documents certifying a doctoral degree in science. (2) The State Service of Education Quality has the right to examine the compliance with actuality of information and documents provided to the Register. Documents submitted to the Register shall be stored in the registration file of the relevant scientific institution if an entry has been made in the Register on the basis thereof. (3) If information to be indicated in the Register changes, the head of a scientific institution has the duty to submit the relevant submission to the Register within one month, attaching the documents justifying the relevant information. A decision on the reorganisation or liquidation of the scientific institution shall be reported to the Register within 10 days. [21 June 2007; 16 June 2009]

Section 30. Making an Entry in the Register

(1) An entry shall be made in the Register on the basis of a submission or a court adjudication. An official of the Register shall take a decision on the making of an entry in the Register or a refusal to make an entry within one month from the day of the receipt of the submission. The official of the Register shall take a decision on the deferment of the making of an entry in the Register within seven days from the day of the receipt of the submission. The official of the Register shall make an entry in the Register within the same time period on the basis of a court adjudication. An entry shall be made in the Register on the same day when a decision on the making of the entry was taken. (2) An official of the Register shall take a decision on refusal to make an entry or a deferment of the making of an entry if a submission or the documents attached thereto do not conform to the provisions of regulatory enactments or it has been determined that the submitter has provided false information. The decision shall be substantiated. The time period for the elimination of deficiencies shall be indicated in the decision on the deferment of the making of the entry. (3) An institution specified by the Cabinet shall publish the Register and decisions of the officials of the Register on the Internet home page thereof. The official of the Register shall publish amendments made to the Register within one day after making thereof. All decisions of the official of the Register shall be published on the Internet within five days after taking thereof or the day of the issuance of a certificate. [21 June 2007; 16 June 2009]

Section 31. Registration Certificate

After a scientific institution has been entered in the Register, such scientific institution shall be issued a registration certificate that shall be signed and certified with a seal by an official of the Register. The following information regarding the scientific institution shall be indicated in the registration certificate:

1) name and legal status; 2) registration number; 3) place of registration; and 4)registration date.

Section 32. Removal of Scientific Institutions from the Register

(1) A scientific institution shall be removed from the Register with a decision of an official of the Register in the following cases:

1) a submission of the founder regarding the liquidation of the scientific institution has been received;

2) an educational programme is being implemented in the scientific institution without a licence or documents certifying education or scientific qualification are being issued in violation of regulatory enactments;

3) the Ministry of Education and Science or another institution has repeatedly determined, during a time period of one year and within the scope of the competence thereof, violations of laws in the activity of the scientific institution that are related to scientific or educational activity;

4) false information that has been the basis for the registration of the scientific institution has been provided intentionally in the process of registration;

5) the founder or the scientific institution has not provided the necessary information within six months after the written request of the Ministry of Education and Science or the State Service of Education Quality;

6) information to be included in the Register has changed and the scientific institution has not informed the Ministry of Education and Science thereof within six months; or

7) [21 June 2007]; 8) on the basis of a court adjudication.

(2) The Latvian Council of Science may propose the removal of a scientific institution from the Register if the Latvian Council of Science has determined, within the competence thereof, the non-compliance of the activities of the scientific institution with regulatory enactments, or other deficiencies. (3) A scientific institution shall be removed from the Register if it within one year has not implemented any scientific projects and has not published any scientific papers. [21 June 2007; 16 June 2009]

Section 33. Financing of Scientific Activity from State Budget Resources

(1) State budget resources for scientific activity may be allocated to establishments registered in the Register of scientific institutions. Merchants shall be granted State budget resources in the form of State aid for the implementation of projects in the fields of research, development of technology and innovation in accordance with the relevant State aid programmes. (2) In submitting the annual law regarding the State budget to the Saeima, the Cabinet shall provide for an annual increase of financing for scientific activity of not less than 0.15 per cent of the gross domestic product until the State-allocated financing for scientific activity reaches at least one per cent of the gross domestic product.

(3) The procedures by which State aid is granted to establishments registered in the Register of scientific institutions, as well as to merchants in the fields of research, development of technology and innovation shall be determined by the Cabinet. [21 June 2007]

Section 34. Financing of Fundamental and Applied Research

(1) Financing of fundamental and applied research shall be allocated to specific projects in the form of grants in accordance with competition procedures. Project applications shall be submitted by scientists. The topics, purposes and tasks of the research shall be formulated by the scientists themselves. (2) The main criterion for the allocation of a grant shall be the scientific merit of a project. (3) The Latvian Council of Science shall evaluate fundamental or applied research projects and distribute financing in accordance with the procedures specified by the Cabinet. Each year the Administration of Study and Research shall submit to the Ministry of Education and Science a report on the utilisation of the State budget resources allocated to fundamental and applied research. (4) The Cabinet shall approve the priorities of scientific directions for the financing of fundamental and applied research once every four years in accordance with State policy for the development of science and technology. [21 June 2007; 16 June 2009]

Section 35. State Research Programmes

(1) State research programmes are State commissions for the performance of scientific research in a specific economic, educational, cultural or other sector of priority to the State with the purpose of promoting the development of such sector. (2) The ministries of the relevant sectors together with the Latvian Council of Science and the Latvian Academy of Sciences shall determine the purposes and tasks of State research programmes. State research programmes shall be implemented in the priority directions of science approved by the Cabinet. The Ministry of Education and Science shall allocate the financing from the State budget resources provided for the financing of science to the programmes in accordance with competition procedures. The Cabinet shall determine the procedures for the application, expert-examination and financing of the State research programmes.

Section 36. Financing of Market-oriented Research

The financing of market-oriented research shall take place by allocating State budget resources to projects of a practical nature the purpose of which is to promote the integration of science and manufacturing, the development of technology-oriented fields and the creation of new jobs. The Ministry of Education and Science shall distribute financing for market- oriented research projects on the basis of a scientific and economic expert-examination and in accordance with Cabinet regulations. Experts of the Latvian Council of Science shall perform the scientific expert-examination of the projects.

Section 37. Research Commissioned by a State Administrative Body

Research commissioned by a State administrative body is a procurement for State needs the purpose of which is to promote the development of a sector with the help of scientific research and to promote the solving of concrete problems within the field of competence of the relevant State administrative body. The State administrative body shall

commission such research within the scope of the budget thereof and in accordance with competition procedures.

Section 37.1 Remuneration for Research Workers of the State Scientific Institute, State Institution of Higher Education or Scientific Institutes of State Institutions of Higher Education

(1) Remuneration for research workers of a State scientific institute, State institution of higher education or scientific institute of State institution of higher education shall be determined for:

1) research workers holding academic positions, – in accordance with the regulatory enactments regarding the procedures for granting of base financing, as well as from financial resources obtained for the implementation of agreements concluded by a State or scientific institute of a State institution of higher education, providing for the amount thereof in accordance with the internal procedure for work remuneration of the scientific institute;

2) research workers not holding academic positions, – in accordance with the Law On Remuneration of Officials and Employees of State and Local Government Authorities, observing the cases specified therein, when it is allowed not to apply the norms of the referred to Law, in accordance with the regulatory enactments regarding the procedures for granting of base financing, as well as from financial resources obtained for the implementation of agreements concluded by a State or scientific institute of a State institution of higher education, providing for the amount thereof in accordance with the internal procedure for work remuneration of the scientific institute. (2) The Cabinet shall determine the system for record-keeping of the time used for the implementation of research projects financed from the State budget, European Union and foreign financial aid resources and the work completed. [21 June 2007; 4 March 2010; 22 April 2010]

Section 37.2 Participation of Foreign Researchers in Scientific Research Projects Implemented by a Scientific Institution

(1) Scientific institutions registered in the Register of scientific institutions are entitled to invite third-country nationals to participate in the scientific research projects implemented by them, who are not citizens of the European Union if he or she has a doctor of science degree or a higher education degree necessary for the acquisition of a doctor of science degree (hereinafter in this Section – foreign researcher). In such case, the scientific institution shall enter into an employment contract with the foreign researcher in which the conditions for the implementation of the research project are provided for. The employment contract shall be signed by an authorised person of the scientific institution and the foreign researcher. The employment contract shall entered into for the time of the implementation of the scientific research project and may not exceed the term of validity of the temporary residence permit issued to the foreign researcher. The employment contract shall be terminated if the foreign researcher has been refused a renewal of the residence permit in Latvia or also it is cancelled. The conditions, which the scientific institution shall observe in entering into and terminating employment contracts with foreign researchers shall be determined by the Cabinet. (2) The travel expenses of the foreign researcher shall be covered by the scientific institution in the implementation of which scientific project the foreign researcher shall participate. (3) The right of the family members of the foreign researcher to reside in Latvia shall be determined by the Immigration Law. [21 June 2007]

Section 38. Financial Reference Amount of Scientific Activity

(1) A founder shall allocate the financial reference amount to scientific institutionsThe financial reference amount for State scientific institutions, State institutions of higher education and the scientific institutes of State institutions of higher education that are registered in the Register of scientific institutions shall be allocated in accordance with the procedures specified by the Cabinet. (2) The financial reference amount of scientific institutions shall be composed of resources for:

1) the maintenance of scientific institutions (maintenance of buildings and equipment, payment of public utility services, work remuneration of administrative, technical and maintenance staff);

2) payment to the scientific staff involved in the performance of the scientific research specified by the founder;

3) the development of the State scientific institutes registered in the Register of Scientific Institutions, State institutions of higher education and scientific institutes of State institutions of higher education for achieving the aims specified in the operational strategy of these institutions. The relevant sectoral ministry shall approve the operational strategy of a scientific institution. (3) Scientific institutes that receive the financial reference amount shall receive an international evaluation of the activity thereof every six years. [21 June 2007; 16 June 2009; 4 March 2010]

Section 39. Accounting and Accounts of a Scientific Institute

(1) A scientific institute shall perform accounting, open accounts and act with them according to the procedures specified in regulatory enactments. (2) A scientific institute – derived public person – and an institution of higher education, which has derived public person status, the Treasury shall open a current account into which the relevant ministry shall, in conformity with the State budget appropriation, transfer the base financing resources in accordance with Section 38 of this Law, as well as perform the appropriate payments of expenditures from such account. (3) Financial resources granted to a merchant for the implementation of a particular project and other own income, a scientific institute – derived public person – and an institution of higher education, which has derived public person status may receive in a credit institution account. The appropriate payments of expenditure shall be performed from such account. (4) At the end of the year the remaining resources in the account of a scientific institute – derived public person – or an institution of higher education, which has derived public person status, if they do not exceed the amount of resources received in fact during the year, shall remain at the disposal of the scientific institute and shall be used in the next year. This provision does not apply to the base financing of the referred to institute. (5) State and international scientific research project un p rogramme financing acquired according to competition procedures, a scientific institute – derived public person – or an institution of higher education, which has derived public person status shall be received in a Treasury current account, as well as perform the appropriate payments of expenditures from such account. [21 June 2007]

Section 39.1 Right of a State Scientific Institution to Use the State Intellectual Property

A State scientific institution has the right to use intellectual property created as a result of research activity financed from the State budget. The Cabinet shall determine the

procedures and conditions for the use of this property at a State scientific institution, observing the provisions of the regulatory enactments regulating intellectual property. [4 March 2010]

Section 40. Annual Public Report of a Scientific institute Registered in the Register of Scientific Institutions

(1) A scientific institute registered in the Register of scientific institutions shall prepare an annual public report and shall submit such report to the Ministry of Education and Science and the ministry of the relevant sector, as well as post such report on the Internet page thereof, not later than five months after the end of the current reporting year. (2) The Cabinet shall determine the information to be included in the report.

Transitional Provisions

1. With the coming into force of this Law, the Law On Scientific Activity (Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes un Valdības Ziņotājs, 1992, No. 46/47/48; Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 1996, No. 15; 1998, No. 13; 2001, No. 12; 2003, No. 12, 15) is repealed.

2. The time period during which a person (to whom the restrictions specified in this Law apply) holds an elected office or is a member of the staff of an elected collegial institution shall be counted from the day of election.

3. The Cabinet shall issue the regulatory enactments referred to in this Law within six months after the day of the coming into force of this Law. Until the day of the coming into force of the relevant regulatory enactments, the Cabinet regulations issued on the basis of the Law On Scientific Activity shall be applicable insofar as such regulations are not in conflict with this Law, but not later than six months from the day of the coming into force of this Law.

4. State non-profit-making science undertakings (companies) shall be reorganised in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Procedures for the Coming into Force of The Commercial Law within one year from the day of the coming into force of this Law.

5. The annual total amount of State financing and private financing for scientific activity – 3 per cent of the gross domestic product – shall be reached by the year 2010.

6. The provision of Section 1, Clause 7, sentence two of this Law in relation to scientific institutions in the agricultural sector shall come into force on 1 January 2010.

7. Section 33, Paragraph one of this Law shall come into force on 1 January 2006.

8. The State scientific institutes referred to in Section 21.2, Paragraph six of this Law are the successors in interest of the scientific institutes – State agencies "Elektronikas un datorzinātņu institūts” [“Electronics and Computer Science”], “Fizikālās enerģētikas institūts” [Institute of Physical Energetics], “Latvijas Biomedicīnas pētījumu un studiju centrs” [Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre], “Latvijas Hidroekoloģijas institūts” [Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology], “Latvijas Organiskās sintēzes institūts” [Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis], “Latvijas Valsts agrārās ekonomikas institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics], “Latvijas Valsts augļkopības institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Fruit- Growing], “Latvijas Valsts koksnes ķīmijas institūts” [Latvian State Institute of Wood

Chemistry], “Latvijas Valsts mežzinātnes institūts “Silava”” [Latvian Forestry Research Institute "Silava"http://www.lvaei.lv/en/index.html], “Valsts Priekuļu laukaugu selekcijas institūts” [Priekuli State Plant Breeding Institute] and “Valsts Stendes graudaugu selekcijas institūts” [Stende State Cereals Breeding Institute]. [21 June 2007]

9. The decision-taking institutions of the scientific institutes – derived public person – referred to in Section 21.2, Paragraph six of this Law are the relevant modified scientific institute – State agency scientific councils, which were elected in the period up to 6 January 2007 and shall operate up to the end of their specified authorisation time period. [21 June 2007]

10. That specified in Section 12, Paragraph two of this Law shall apply to persons who have been granted an Honorary Doctor of Science degree and who have acquired the rights of Doctor Habilitus on the basis of Cabinet Decision No. 262 of 4 O ctober 1991, On the Regulation regarding the Granting of Scientific Degrees. [21 June 2007]

11. Persons who up t o 19 J uly 2007 have been elected to the offices of senior researcher, researcher or research assistant without a time period condition shall be deemed to have been elected for six years counting from 20 July 2007. [21 June 2007]

12. In accordance with this Law, remuneration specified in State and local government authorities (salary, bonuses, gratuities, allowances, etc.) in 2009 shall be determined in accordance with the Law On Remuneration of Officials and Employees of State and Local Government Authorities in 2009. [12 December 2008]

13. Amendments to Section 38, Paragraph two of this Law in respect of supplementing it with Clause 3 shall come into force from 1 January 2010. [16 June 2009]

14. The State scientific institutes registered in the Register of Scientific Institutions, State institutions of higher education and scientific institutes of State institutions of higher education shall develop and submit for approval to the relevant sectoral ministry the operational strategy of a scientific institution by 31 October 2009. [16 June 2009]

15. Section 12.1 of this Law shall come into force from 1 July 2010. The Cabinet shall issue the Cabinet regulation provided for in Section 12.1, Paragraph four of this Law up to 30 June 2010. [4 March 2010]

16. Section 10, Paragraph five of this Law shall be repealed from 1 January 2011. [4 March 2010]

Informative Reference to European Union Directives

This Law contains legal norms arising from Council Directive 2005/71/EC of 12 October 2005 o n a specific procedure for admitting third-country nationals for the purposes of scientific research.

[21 June 2007]

This Law was adopted by the Saeima on 14 April 2005.

President V. Vīķe-Freiberga

Rīga, 5 May 2005

Transitional Provisions Regarding Amendments to the Law on Scientific Activity

Transitional Provision (regarding amending law of 21 June 2007)

With the coming into force of this Law, Cabinet Regulation No. 1076, Amendments to the Law on Scientific Activity (Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 2007, No. 9) issued in accordance with Article 81 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia is repealed. 22

Lettonie

LV014

Law on Scientific Activity (as amended up to January 1, 2011)