Acronyms

AAP accountability to affected populations
AC air conditioning
AEM airborne electromagnetic
AI artificial intelligence
AOP advanced oxidation processes
API application programming interface
ARC African Risk Capacity
ARR automatic rainfall recorder
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATM automatic teller machine
AWLR automatic water level recorder
AWS automatic weather station
BED benthic event detector
BIMS biometric identity management system
BRO Border Roads Organization
CAD computer-aided design
CAGR compound annual growth rate
CAP common alerting protocol
CB cell broadcast
CBS container-based sanitation
CCC Crisis Connectivity Charter
CFM common feedback mechanism
CO₂ carbon dioxide
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CSA climate-smart agriculture
CT computerized tomography
CTCN Climate Technology Centre and Network
CVA cash and voucher assistance
CWR crop wild relative
DEM digital elevation model
DFID Department for International Development
DOAS dedicated outdoor air system
DPR dual-frequency precipitation radar
DRR disaster risk reduction
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EPO European Patent Office
ERP enterprise resource planning
ERV energy recovery ventilator
ESA European Space Agency
ESS energy storage system
ETC emergency telecommunications cluster
EU European Union
EW4ALL Early Warnings for All initiative
EWS early warning system
EWSS emergency warning satellite service
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network
fintech financial technology
FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System
FRP fiber reinforcement polymers
GDP gross domestic product
GEO Group on Earth Observations
GFRP glass fiber-reinforced polymer
GHG greenhouse gas
GHHIN Global Heat Health Information Network
GLOF glacial lake outburst flood
GM genetically modified
GNSS global navigation satellite system
GOES geostationary operational environmental satellite
GPM global precipitation measurement
GPR ground-penetrating radar
GPS global positioning system
GSM global system for mobile communications
HHEWS heat health early warning systems
HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
IBLI index-based livestock insurance
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICF insulated concrete form
IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDP internally displaced person
IEA International Energy Agency
IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
ILO International Labour Organization
InSAR interferometric synthetic aperture radar
Insurtech insurance technology
IoT internet of things
IP internet protocol
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO International Standardization Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
LB-SMS location-based SMS
LDC least developed country
LEO low earth orbit
LHASA landslide hazard assessment for situational awareness
LiDAR light detection and ranging
LLDC landlocked developing country
mAh milliampere-hours
MAR managed aquifer recharge
MHEWS multi-hazard early warning system
MODIS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
MOF metal–organic framework
MT metric tonne
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NDVI normalized difference vegetation index
NEXRAD next-generation radar
NGN next-generation network
NGO non-governmental organization
NOAA US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOx nitrogen oxide
NSW New South Wales
NWS National Weather Service
ODA official development assistance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OLSS ozone laundry support system
PA precision agriculture
PAR phased array radar
PBO poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole
PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
PG&E Pacific Gas & Electric
POE power over ethernet
PPE personal protective equipment
QR quick response code
RFID radio frequency identification
RO reverse osmosis
RTK real-time kinematic
SAR synthetic aperture radar
SEPI standardized evapotranspiration precipitation index
SIDS small island developing states
SMS short message service
SOIL sustainable organic integrated livelihoods
SPI standardized precipitation index
SPV special purpose vehicle
TLS terrestrial laser scanner
TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
UAS unmanned aircraft system
UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
UAVSAR unmanned aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar
UHI urban heat island
ULTDH ultra-low temperature district heating
UN United Nations
UN OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHRD United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot
UPI-QR unified payments interface quick response code
UPS uninterruptible power supply
US FEMA United States Federal Emergency Management Agency
USD United States dollar
USV uncrewed surface vehicle
UV ultraviolet
VC venture capital
VOC volatile organic compound
VR virtual reality
WASH water, sanitation and hygiene
WBGT wet-bulb globe temperature
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
WII weather index insurance
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WMS warehouse management systems
WUI wildland–urban interface
YII yield index insuranceM
ZLD zero liquid discharge