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中国

在批准时作出的保留：“尽管1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》不适用于在敌占区以外的平民并因此不完全符合人道主义要求，但本《公约》被认为符合在被占领土及某些其他情况下保护平民的利益，因此批准本《公约》并作出如下保留：关于第11条，中华人民共和国不承认受保护人的拘留国请求中立国或人道主义组织承担应由保护国履行的职能有效，除非已获得受保护人员为其国民之政府同意。关于第45条，中华人民共和国认为，已将被保护人移送至本公约另一缔约国的原拘留国，在接受国看管被保护人期间，不因为已移送被保护人而无需承担实施本公约的责任。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

以色列

关于民主也门加入时所作声明的声明：“以色列政府注意到，也门人民民主共和国于1977年2月10日声明遵守1949年8月12日有关战争受难者保护的《日内瓦（四）公约》（瑞士政府于1977年5月25日收到该声明）。上述文书附有针对以色列的一份政治性声明。以色列政府认为，在此作出这种政治声明甚为不妥，此外，这种政治声明公然违背了上述《公约》的原则、目标和意图。上述声明不能以任何方式影响根据一般国际法或特定条约对也门人民民主共和国产生约束的任何义务。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

关于科威特在加入时所作声明的声明：“以色列政府注意到科威特政府在加入旨在保护战争受难者的1949年《日内瓦公约》时所作的政治性声明。以色列政府认为，该声明是无法接受的。以色列政府对该声明表示正式反对。关于与科威特的关系，以色列在这些《公约》所管辖事务中保留在严格对等基础上采取行动的权利。以色列政府请求把本项通告的案文分发给《公约》的所有签署国以及所有已批准或加入《公约》的国家。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

Reservation made upon signature and maintained upon ratification:
"In accordance with instructions received from my Government, I shall sign the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War without any reservation. But in the case of each of the other three Conventions, our signature will be given with reservations the purport of which is as follows:
Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.
"Subject to the reservation that, while respecting the inviolability of the distinctive signs and emblems provided for in Article 38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of August 12, 1949, Israel will use the Red Shield of David as the emblem and distinctive sign provided for in this Convention."

伊朗伊斯兰共和国

"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran presents its compliments to the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran and with reference to Note No. 904/73/4840/18, dated September 3, 1980 has the honor to state:
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran announced via the aforementioned note that in a bid to prevent multiplicity of Distinctive International Emblems for aid and charity related affairs and in order to contribute to the unification of these Distinctive Emblems, it would not practice its right of using the “Red Lion and Sun” as one of the three official emblems of the International Union of the Red Cross and will rather use the “Red Crescent” emblem for this purpose. The measure was adopted with the understanding that all government would oblige themselves to accepting one of the two Red Cross or Red Crescent emblems and once an open violation of this is observed, the right will remain for the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to use its distinctive emblem at national and international levels again.
In view of the prevailing developments in line with increasing the number of emblems, it is emphasized that in the case of approval and increase of new distinctive emblems, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran will according to Article 38 of the 1949 Geneva Convention on improving the situation of those wounded in the armed forces during military expedition in which, mention has been made of the three emblems of Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Lion and Sun, maintain its right of using the Red Lion and Sun emblem once again.
In view of the fact that the Government of that Embassy is the depository of the four August 12, 1949 Geneva Conventions on supporting war victims, it would be appreciated if the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland is informed of the contents of this Note, reiterating the maintenance of the right of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to use the “Red Lion and Sun” emblem once again so that consequently, the 1949 Geneva Conventions’ member states are officially informed.
Availing itself of this opportunity to renew the assurances of its highest consideration.
Wishing the victory of the oppressed over the oppressor."

俄罗斯联邦

签署时提出并在批准时维持的保留：”“尽管本《公约》不适用于在非敌占区的平民并因此不完全符合人道主义要求，但苏维埃代表团承认上述《公约》为在被占领土及某些其他情况下保护平民作出了令人满意的规定，并声明得到苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟政府授权签署本《公约》，同时作出如下保留：第11条：苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟不承认拘留国请求中立国或人道主义组织承担应由保护国履行的职能有效，除非该请求已获得受保护人为其国民之国家的政府同意。
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

北马其顿

签署时作出并在批准时维持的保留：”关于第11条, 南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国政府不认为拘留国代表受保护人请求中立国或国际组织或人道主义组织承担按本《公约》由保护国履行的职能合法，除非受保护人为其国民之政府已给予同意。关于第45条，南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国政府认为，一国将被保护人移送至另一国以在接收国看管受保护人的全部期间免除实施《公约》的责任不合法。“
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

大韩民国

Reservation and declaration made upon accession:
(...) Concerning Article 68 of the Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war:
"The Republic of Korea reserves the right to impose the death penalty in accordance with the provisions of Article 68, paragraph 2, without regard to whether the offences referred to therein are punishable by death under the law of the occupied territory at the time the occupation begins"
"Furthermore, the Government of the Republic of Korea do hereby declare that it is the only lawful Government in Korea, as set forth in General Assembly Resolution 195 (III) of 12 December 1948, and its accession shall not be construed as recognizing any Contracting Party thereto which the Republic of Korea has not hitherto recognized".

巴基斯坦

批准时作出的保留：“第44条：根据第41条通过指定居所或拘禁或根据任何法律对敌侨采取行动或寻求采取行动时，每位在法律上是敌国国民之受保护人应有权向拘留国或在某些情况下向审查其案件的任何适当的法院或行政委员会提交其未受任何敌国保护之证明。无论拘留国是否进一步调查，如证明属实，在通过首次指令或指令修正决定采取适当行动时，这一情况应给予充分的考虑。第68条第2段：巴基斯坦政府赞同大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国作出的保留，保留按照第68条第2段的规定处以死刑的权利，无需考虑所指罪行依占领地在占领开始前通行之法律是否应受死刑之处罚。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

巴巴多斯

Declaration made upon succession:
"The Government of Barbados notes that (...) Yugoslavia has made reservations with respect (...) to Article 45 of the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Civilian Persons in Time of War. The Government of Barbados states that whilst it regards all the abovementioned States as being parties to abovementioned Conventions it does not regard the abovementioned reservations thereto made by those States as valid and will therefore regard any application of any of those reservations as constituting a breach of the Convention to which the reservation relates."

朝鲜民主主义人民共和国

加入时作出的保留：“朝鲜民主人民共和国政府认为，由于不适用于在敌方占领区外的平民，本《公约》不能完全符合人道主义要求。但考虑到本《公约》在被占领区以及一系列其它情况下对保护平民的利益有积极的作用，朝鲜民主人民共和国政府加入本《公约》，并就以下条款作出保留：”关于第11条：如被保护人拘留国请求中立国或人道主义组织承担应由保护国履行的职能，朝鲜民主人民共和国政府不认为该请求合法，除非该请求获得了所涉被保护人所属国家政府的准许。关于第45条：朝鲜民主人民共和国政府认为，即便在被保护人拘留国已将被保护人移送至本《公约》其他缔约国看管期间，原拘留国对所涉被保护人实施本《公约》的责任不会得到免除。"
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

澳大利亚

Statement transmitted upon ratification:
"(...) I am instructed by the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia to refer to the reservations made (...) by the following:
"The People's Republic of Albania
"The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
"The Bulgarian People's Republic
"The Czechoslovak Republic
"The Hungarian People's Republic
"The Polish Republic
"The Romanian People's Republic
"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
"The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (...) and to Article 45 of the Convention relative to the Treatment of Civilian Persons in Time of War made by all the above-mentioned and by the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
"I am instructed by the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia to state that whilst they regard all the above-mentioned as being parties to the above-mentioned Conventions they do not regard the above-mentioned reservations as valid and will therefore regard any application of any of those reservations as constituting a breach of the Convention to which the reservation relates.
"I am further instructed by the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia to refer to notifications concerning the "German Democratic Republic", the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", the "Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam" and the "People's Republic of China". While the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia does not recognise any the foregoing it has taken note of their acceptance of the provisions of the Conventions and their intention to apply them. The position of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia towards the reservations referred to above applies equally in relation to the similar reservations attached to such acceptance."

美利坚合众国

关于南越南共和国临时革命政府加入所作的声明：“(...) 美利坚合众国政府承认越南共和国政府，不承认‘南越南共和国临时革命政府’的政府地位。因此，美国政府不承认‘南越南共和国临时革命政府’有资格加入《日内瓦公约》。但牢记《日内瓦公约》各项规定的目的是保护武装冲突中的战争受难者，美利坚合众国政府注意到，‘南越南共和国临时革命政府’已表明愿意在作出某些保留的情况下实施这些《公约》(...) 其它的保留和别的国家先前作出的保留类似，就此，美国政府已发表过其观点。美国政府拒绝接受作出的所有保留。"美国政府强调，在本条说明中表达的观点不应被理解为意味着放弃其武装部队在根据《公约》给予敌军待遇方面迄今所奉行的政策"
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

Objection to the reservations made upon accession by Guinea-Bissau:
"The Department of State refers to the note of March 5, 1974 from the Embassy of Switzerland enclosing the notification of the Swiss Federal Political Department concerning the accession of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 for the protection of war victims, subject to certain reservations.
The reservations are similar to the reservations expressed by others previously with respect to the same or different conventions and concerning which the government of the United States has previously declared its views. The attitude of the Government of the United States with respect to all the reservations by the Republic of Guinea-Bissau parallels its attitude toward such other reservations. The Government of the United States, while rejecting the reservations, accepts treaty relations with the Republic of Guinea-Bissau."

联合王国

针对南越南共和国临时革命政府和几内亚比绍共和国所作保留的反对意见：针对南越南共和国临时革命政府对《关于战俘待遇的公约》第12条和第85条、《关于战时保护平民的公约》第45条所作的保留以及几内亚比绍共和国对《关于战时保护平民的公约》第45条所作的保留，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府忆及其在批准《公约》时针对其他国家的类似保留作出的声明，希望作如下声明：尽管不反对上述两部《公约》在联合王国和南越南共和国及几内亚比绍共和国之间生效，联合王国政府不能接受以上两国作出的上述保留。联合王国政府认为，有意加入《公约》的各方无权作出此类保留。联合王国政府还希望提请注意，他们对瑞士驻伦敦大使于1957年1月8日作出的以及瑞士驻伦敦大使于1957年8月24日通告的由越南民主共和国作出的类似保留持相同观点..."
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

Declaration made upon ratification:
"I am further instructed by Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom to refer to the reservations made (...) by the following States:
The People's Republic of Albania, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Bulgarian People's
Republic, the People's Republic of China, the Czechoslovak Republic, the Polish Republic, the
Rumanian People's Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (...)
and to Article 45 of the Convention relative to the Treatment of Civilian Persons in Time of War made by all the above-mentioned States and by the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
"I am instructed by Her Majesty's Government to state that whilst they regard all the above-mentioned States as being parties to the above-mentioned Conventions, they do not regard the above-mentioned reservations thereto made by those States as valid, and will therefore regard any application of any of those reservations as constituting a breach of the Convention to which the reservation relates."

越南

南越南共和国临时革命政府在1973年12月3日加入时作出保留：“第11条：拘留国请求中立国或人道主义组织承担由保护国履行的职能要得到所涉平民所属国的事先同意，南越南共和国临时革命政府仅在此前提下承认该请求合法。第45条：南越南共和国临时革命政府声明，将受本《公约》保护的平民移送至《公约》缔约国不能免除拘留国执行《公约》规定的责任。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

越南民主共和国在1957年6月28日加入时作出的保留：“第11条：越南民主共和国不承认拘留国请求中立国或确保公允与效果的组织承担由保护国担负的职责合法，除非战地伤病军人为其国民之国家已认可该请求。第45条：越南民主共和国声明：拘留国将受保护人移送至《公约》缔约国不能免除其实施《关于战时保护平民的公约》规定的责任。”
鸣谢：译文由WIPO提供。© 2013 WIPO

关于战时保护平民公约（IV）