消费者保护法 （2011年7月1日合并案文）， 爱沙尼亚

Consumer Protection Act1

Passed 11 February 2004

(RT2 I 2004, 13, 86),

entered into force 15 April 2004,

amended by the following Acts:

11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375

15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547;

21.04.2004 entered into force 01.06.2004 - RT I 2004, 41, 278.

Chapter 1

General Provisions

§ 1. Scope of application of Act

(1) The purpose of this Act is to safeguard consumer rights.

(2) This Acts regulates the offering and sale, or marketing in any other manner, of goods or

services to consumers by traders, determines the rights of consumers as the purchasers or

users of goods or services, and provides for the organisation and supervision of consumer

protection and liability for violations of this Act.

(3) This Act also applies if traders arrange for the transfer of goods or provision of services

to consumers.

(4) This Act, the Law of Obligations Act (RT I 2001, 81, 487; 2002, 60, 374; 2003, 78,

523), the Product Safety Act (RT I 1998, 40, 613; 1999, 82, 753; 2000, 86, 546; 2002, 47,

297; 61, 375; 63, 387; 2003, 20, 120; 26, 156; 32, correction notice) and other Acts apply to

the offering, sale and marketing in any other manner of goods or services to consumers.

(5) The provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (RT I 2001, 58, 354; 2002, 53, 336;

61, 375; 2003, 20, 117; 78, 527) apply to administrative proceedings prescribed in this Act,

taking account of the specifications provided for in this Act. The settlement of disputes

between a consumer and a trader is not deemed to be an administrative proceeding within the

meaning of the Administrative Procedure Act.

§ 2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Act:

1) “consumer” means a natural person to whom goods or services are offered or who

acquires or uses goods or services for purposes not related to his or her business or

professional activities;

2) “trader” means a person who offers and sells, or markets in any other manner, goods or

provides services to consumers within the scope of the person’s business or professional

activities;

3) "goods" means a thing or right offered, sold or otherwise marketed by a trader;

4) "service" means a benefit offered, sold or otherwise marketed by a trader which are not

goods;

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

5) “producer” means a person defined in the Product Safety Act;

6) “universal service” means a service provided in the public interest and used by the

overwhelming majority of the population of the state or a certain region, such as gas,

electricity, heating, water, sewerage, waste handling, communications and other similar

services.

§ 3. Fundamental consumer rights

Consumers have the right to:

1) demand and obtain goods and services which meet the requirements, are harmless to the

life, health and property of the consumers, and are not prohibited from being owned or used;

2) obtain necessary and truthful information on the goods and services offered in order to

make a conscious choice, and timely information on any risks relating to the goods or

services;

3) obtain information on consumer law and other issues relating to consumption;

4) obtain advice and assistance if their rights are violated;

5) demand compensation for any patrimonial or non-patrimonial damage caused to them;

6) request that their interests be taken into account and that they be represented through

consumers' federations and associations in the decision-making process on consumer policy

issues.

Chapter 2

Informing Consumers

§ 4. Right of consumers to obtain information

(1) Consumers have the right to obtain information on the safety of goods and services

offered as well as on aspects concerning protection of health, property and economic interests.

(2) Before consumers acquire goods or use services, traders and producers are required to

provide the consumers with detailed information concerning the characteristics and conditions

of use of the goods or services and, if a warranty specified in § 10 of this Act applies,

concerning the warranty, as well as on the price, conditions of payment, performance of the

contract, and the rights, obligations and liability arising from the contract, including the

possibilities for submitting complaints regarding the goods or services, taking into account the

provisions of subsection (1) of this section.

(3) In addition to the information specified in subsection (2) of this section, consumers have

the right to obtain additional information concerning the goods or services offered.

(4) Information provided to consumers shall be truthful, understandable and in Estonian.

(5) Information provided to consumers concerning goods or services shall not attribute to

the goods or services any characteristics which they do not have and shall not imply that the

goods or services have any special characteristics if all goods or services of the same type

possess such characteristics.

(6) Upon payment for goods or services, the trader shall provide the consumer with a

document certifying the purchase of the goods or services and setting out at least:

1) the name or business name of the trader and the address of the place of business;

2) the date of the sale;

3) the price of each of the goods or each service and the total amount paid.

(7) If the total amount to be paid by a consumer is less than 300 kroons, the document

specified in subsection (6) of this section shall be given to the consumer at his or her request.

(8) If necessary, the Government of the Republic or a minister authorised thereby may

establish requirements for providing consumers with information concerning certain goods or

services.

(9) The provisions of §§ 5-7 of this Act apply to goods which are offered as movables.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 5. General requirements for labelling of goods

(1) The labelling of goods or on the packaging of goods or the label attached to goods

offered or sold to consumers shall be legible, understandable and unambiguous and shall meet

all the requirements established for the labelling of such goods.

(2) If no requirements have been established by legislation concerning the labelling of

particular goods, the labelling on the goods shall at least set out the trade name of the goods,

if the lack of this information could mislead the consumer.

(3) The trade name specified in subsection (2) of this section shall be the fixed expression

used in practice to designate the goods, accompanied, if necessary, by a reference to the

intended use of the goods or the materials used in manufacturing the goods, or any other name

necessary to identify the goods. The trade name shall not be replaced by a trade mark or an

invented name.

(4) In addition to the information specified in subsection (2) of this section and taking into

account the type, characteristics and intended purpose of the goods, the following information

shall be added:

1) the quantity or dimensions of the goods in relevant units of measurement according to

the international system of units;

2) the composition of the goods and the quantities of the components;

3) instructions for washing, cleaning and maintaining the goods;

4) instructions for using the goods and the storage conditions for the goods;

5) warnings and precautions to prevent hazards relating to the use or destruction of the

goods;

6) the shelf life of the goods, or

7) the main technical information concerning the goods.

(5) The information specified in subsection (4) of this section may be presented on the

labelling of the goods, on a label attached to the goods or in the instruction manual

accompanying the goods. The information presented shall enable the safe use of the goods for

their intended purpose.

(6) The information specified in subsections (2) and (4) of this section shall be presented in

writing and in Estonian. Instructive or warning drawings, pictograms, signs and symbols may

also be used provided that the information they communicate is understandable to consumers.

(7) The original information presented on the labelling of goods shall not be covered by

additional information, pictures or stickers.

(8) The general requirements set out in this section do not apply to second-hand goods

unless warnings and precautions relating to the use or destruction of the goods are necessary

to ensure the safety of consumers and to protect their health and property.

§ 6. Instruction manual

(1) Goods which are technically complex, contain hazardous substances or require special

skills when using them shall be accompanied by an instruction manual from the producer.

(2) The instruction manual shall contain the necessary information for the consumer to use

the goods correctly, economically and for their intended purpose and to assemble, install,

connect, maintain or store and, if necessary, destroy the goods in the correct manner. If the

goods consist of several parts, the instruction manual shall contain a list of the parts

constituting the goods (the components of the set).

(3) An instruction manual which is in a foreign language shall be translated into Estonian at

least as far as the information specified in subsection (2) of this section is concerned and it

shall be unambiguous.

§ 7. Indication of price of goods

(1) When offering goods, including in shop windows, and selling goods, a trader shall

indicate the selling price and the unit price of the goods to consumers, unless legislation

established on the basis of subsection (10) of this section provides otherwise with regard to

the unit price.

(2) “The selling price” is the final price to be paid by a consumer for a unit of goods or a

given quantity of the goods.

(3) “The unit price” is the final price for one kilogram, one litre, one metre, one square

metre or one cubic metre of the goods. If the goods are not measured in the units specified

above, the price for any other single unit of the goods may be considered as the unit price.

(4) The selling price and unit price of the goods shall be indicated in writing and be clearly

legible and the prices shall be unambiguous and easily identifiable for consumers.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

(5) The selling price and unit price shall be indicated on the goods or their sales packaging

or displayed in close proximity to the goods. It must be possible to remove the price indicated

on the goods without damaging the goods.

(6) The unit price need not be indicated:

1) if it is identical to the selling price of the goods;

2) for goods offered in the course of the provision of a service;

3) for antiques and works of art;

4) for goods sold by auction.

(7) In the case of unpackaged goods sold in bulk according to quantity, volume or

dimension in accordance with the wishes of the consumer, the unit price shall be indicated

before measuring. The selling price shall be indicated after measuring.

(8) (Repealed - 21.04.2004 entered into force 01.06.2004 - RT I 2004, 41, 278)

(9) If an advertisement addressed to consumers contains information concerning the selling

price of goods, the advertisement shall also indicate the unit price of the goods, unless

otherwise provided by legislation.

(10) If necessary, the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications may establish more

specific requirements for indicating the prices of goods and services.

§ 8. Indication of prices for services

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

(1) When offering a service or immediately before providing a service to a consumer, the

trader shall notify the consumer of the selling price of the service. If it is not possible to

determine the selling price of the service beforehand, the trader shall notify the consumer of

the components of the price of the service, the rates or the bases on which the price is

calculated such as to enable the consumer to calculate the selling price of the service with

sufficient accuracy.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

(11) The selling price of a service is the final price to be paid by a consumer.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

(2) Upon offering a service, the price list for the services offered or any other document

stating the bases on which the price of the service is calculated shall be displayed to

consumers in a visible place. If a service is offered or provided outside business premises, the

price list for services or the document stating the bases on which the price of the service is

calculated shall be presented to the consumers.

(3) If it is not practical to indicate all the prices or the bases for their calculation in the price

list due to the large number of services offered or for any other similar reason, it is sufficient

to indicate the more general prices or the bases for their calculation. In such cases, the

complete list of prices or the bases for their calculation shall be available to consumers and a

reference to the complete list shall be made in the price list.

(4) (Repealed -11.100.2007 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

Chapter 3

Offering and Sale of Goods or Services to Consumers

Division 1 Safety and Quality of Goods or Services

§ 9. General requirements

(1) Goods and services shall meet the established requirements, be harmless to the life,

health and property of the consumer if used for their intended purpose and have the

characteristics which can normally be expected of them by consumers. Goods sold or services

provided to consumers shall conform to the contract conditions in accordance with the

provisions of the Law of Obligations Act.

(2) Requirements for ensuring the safety of goods and services and the obligations and

liability of producers and traders regarding safety are provided for in the Product and Service

Safety Act and other legislation.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

(3) (Repealed -11.100.2007 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 10. Warranty on goods or services

It is permitted to use the word warranty or any other word with the same meaning in any form

or any word combination when offering goods or services provided that the meaning of the

word is in compliance with the provisions of the Law of Obligations Act concerning warranty

against defects, the provisions of the Law of Obligations Act concerning the contractor's

guarantee and the provisions of the Building Act concerning guarantee on construction works.

.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 11. Defective goods

(1) Goods are defective if they do not meet the requirements established by legislation or

other technical conditions. Goods are also defective if the minimum durability period,

including the “best before” date, indicated on the goods has expired.

(2) Defective goods may be offered and sold to consumers only if the goods are harmless to

life, health and property and if the consumers are notified of the defects of the goods.

(3) The provisions of subsection (2) of this section also apply to second-hand goods.

(4) Defective or second-hand goods shall be displayed separately from new goods and

goods which meet the requirements, and corresponding information shall be displayed at the

place of sale of the defective or second-hand goods. Information concerning a reduction in the

price of the goods is not deemed to be information concerning the defects of the goods.

(5) The provisions of this section apply to goods offered as movables.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

2. Division 2 Business-to-consumer commercial practices

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 12. Commercial practices

(1) For the purpose of this Act, commercial practices means any act, omission, course of

conduct or representation, commercial communication including advertising and marketing,

by a trader, directly connected with the advertising, offering, sale or supply of a product to

consumers.

(2) The provisions of this Division relating to commercial practices do not affect the

application of legislation regulating private law. Violation of the prohibition of the use of

unfair commercial practices do not result, in itself, in the nullity of the transaction.

(3) The provisions of this Division relating to commercial practices do not affect the

application of legislation which, above all, establish:

1) health protection and safety requirements for goods and services or for the offering and

marketing of goods and services;

2) requirements for the certification and marking of precious metal content in precious

metal articles;

3) terms of foundation of undertakings, procedure for grant or registration of licences

necessary for operation in certain areas of activity, and requirements for professions.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 121. Prohibition on use of unfair commercial practices

(1) The offering, sale and marketing in any other manner of goods and services to

consumers shall follow good trade practice and be honest with regard to the consumers. The

offering of goods or services shall be planned and carried out in a manner whereby the

commercial purpose of the offer is clear to the consumers.

(2) The use of unfair commercial practices is prohibited before, during and after a

commercial transaction in relation to a product.

§ 122. Unfair commercial practices

(1) A commercial practice shall be unfair if it is contrary to the requirements for

professional diligence to be applied by a trader in the economic or professional activities

thereof (hereinafter professional diligence), and it materially distorts or is likely to materially

distort the economic behaviour with regard to the product or service of the average consumer

whom it reaches or to whom it is addressed.

(2) The average consumer specified in subsection (1) of this section is deemed to a

consumer, who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect, taking

into account social, cultural and linguistic factors. Where a commercial practice is specifically

aimed at a particular group of consumers, the average member of this group is deemed to be

an average consumer.

(3) A commercial practice likely to distort the economic behaviour of groups of consumers

who are particularly susceptible to the commercial practice or to the underlying product or

service due to their physical or mental infirmity, age or credulity in a way that the trader can

reasonably foresee shall be assessed based on the effect of the practice on the average member

of that group.

(4) The provisions of subsection (3) of this section are without prejudice to the common

and legitimate advertising practice of making exaggerated statements or statements which are

not meant to be taken literally.

(5) In the case of the professional diligence specified in subsection (1) of this section, the

standard of special skill and care which a trader may reasonably be expected to exercise

towards consumers, commensurate with honest market practice and/or the general principle of

good faith shall be taken as the basis.

(6) The codes of conduct applicable to the economic or professional activities of traders

may be used for assessing the compliance of the traders to the requirements of professional

diligence. Code of conduct means a set of rules or an agreement not imposed by legislation

which defines the behaviour, in certain economic or professional activities, of traders acceded

to such code undertake to follow. The entity responsible for the formulation of a code of

conduct, including a trader or group of traders, may prescribe monitoring compliance with the

code by the traders who have undertaken to be bound by it, and settlement of the complaints

related to their activities.

(7) To materially distort the economic behaviour of consumers means using a commercial

practice to appreciably impair the consumer's ability to make an informed decision, thereby

causing the consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not have taken otherwise.

(8) The transactional decision specified in subsection (7) of this section means any decision

taken by a consumer concerning whether the consumer decides to act or to refrain from

acting, including whether, how and on what terms to purchase, make payment in whole or in

part for, retain or dispose of a product or to exercise a contractual right in relation to the

product.

(9) In particular, commercial practices shall be unfair which are misleading or are

aggressive with respect to the consumer.

§ 123. Misleading commercial practices

(1) Both misleading actions and misleading omissions are deemed to be misleading

commercial practices.

(2) A commercial practice shall be regarded as misleading if it contains false information

and therefore deceives or is likely to deceive the average consumer, even if the information is

factually correct, and causes or is likely to cause the average consumer to take a transactional

decision that he or she would not have taken otherwise. Information is deemed to be false if it

is untruthful in relation to one or more of the following elements:

1) the existence or nature of the product or service;

2) the main characteristics of the product or service;

3) the extent of the trader's commitments, the motives for the commercial practice and the

nature of the sales process, any statement or symbol in relation to direct or indirect

sponsorship or approval of the trader or the product;

4) the price or the manner in which the price is calculated, or the existence of a specific

price advantage;

5) the need for a service, part, replacement or repair;

6) the nature, attributes and rights of the trader or his agent, such as his identity and assets,

his qualifications, status, approval, affiliation or connection and ownership of industrial,

commercial or intellectual property rights or his awards and distinctions;

7) the consumer's rights, including the right to replacement or reimbursement under the

Law of Obligations Act.

(3) The main characteristics of the product or service specified in clause (2) 2) of this

section are, among other, the following:

1) availability;

2) benefits;

3) risks;

4) execution, composition, accessories;

5) method and date of manufacture or provision;

6) fitness for purpose, usage;

7) quantity;

8) specification and origin;

9) results to be expected from its use;

10) results and material features of tests or checks carried out on the product;

11) terms of delivery;

12) after-sale customer assistance and complaint handling.

(4) A commercial practice shall also be regarded as misleading if, in its factual context,

taking account of all its features and circumstances, it causes or is likely to cause the average

consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not have taken otherwise, and it

involves:

1) any marketing of a product or service, including comparative advertising, which creates

confusion with any products or services, trade marks, trade names or other distinguishing

marks of a competitor;

2) non-compliance by the trader with commitments contained in codes of conduct by

which the trader has undertaken to be bound.

(5) A commercial practice specified in clause (4) 2) of this section is not deemed to be

misleading if the commitment contained in codes of conduct is aspirational but is not firm and

not capable of being verified.

(6) A commercial practice shall be regarded as misleading if, in its factual context, taking

account of all its features and circumstances and the limitations of the communication

medium, it omits material information that the average consumer needs to take an informed

transactional decision, where the trader hides or provides in an unclear, unintelligible,

ambiguous or untimely manner such material information or fails to identify the commercial

intent of the commercial practice if not already apparent from the context, and thereby causes

or is likely to cause the average consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not

have taken otherwise..

(7) Where the medium used to communicate the information imposes limitations of space

or time, only a part of the material information shall be transmitted by this medium provided

that the trader makes the information which was not communicated available to the consumer

by other means.

(8) The following commercial practices are in all circumstances considered unfair and shall

be prohibited:

1) claiming to be a signatory to a code of conduct when the trader is not;

2) claiming that a code of conduct has an endorsement from a public or other body which

it does not have;

3) displaying a trust mark, quality mark or equivalent without having obtained the

necessary authorisation;

4) claiming that a trader, including his commercial practices, or a product or service has

been approved, endorsed or authorised by a public or private body when he/it has not or

making such a claim without complying with the terms of the approval, endorsement or

authorisation;

5) making an invitation to purchase products or services at a specified price without

disclosing the existence of any reasonable grounds the trader may have for believing that he

will not be able to offer for supply or to procure another trader to supply, those products or

services or equivalent products or services at that price for a period that is, and in quantities

that are, reasonable having regard to the product or service, the scale of advertising of the

product or service and the price offered (bait advertising);

6) Making an invitation to purchase products or services at a specified price and then

refusing to show the advertised product or service to consumers, or demonstrating a defective

sample of it, or refusing to take orders for the relevant product or service or deliver it within a

reasonable time with the intention of promoting a different product or service (bait and

switch);

7) falsely stating that a product or service will only be available for a very limited time, or

that it will only be available on particular terms for a very limited time, in order to elicit an

immediate decision and deprive consumers of sufficient opportunity or time to make an

informed choice;

8) undertaking to provide after-sales service to consumers with whom the trader has

communicated prior to a transaction in a foreign language and then making such service

available only in another language without clearly disclosing this to the consumer before the

consumer is committed to the transaction;

9) stating or otherwise creating the impression that a product or service can legally be sold

when it cannot;

10) presenting rights given to consumers in law as a distinctive feature of the trader's offer;

11) using editorial content in the media to promote a product or service where a trader has

paid for the promotion without making that clear in the content or by images or sounds clearly

identifiable by the consumer (advertorial);

12) making a materially inaccurate claim concerning the nature and extent of the risk to the

personal security of the consumer or his family if the consumer does not purchase the product

or service;

13) promoting a product similar to a product made by a particular manufacturer in such a

manner as deliberately to mislead the consumer into believing that the product is made by that

same manufacturer when it is not;

14) establishing, operating or promoting a promotional scheme where a consumer gives

consideration for the opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from the

introduction of other consumers into the scheme rather than from the sale or consumption of

products (pyramid promotional scheme);15) claiming that the trader is about to cease

trading or move premises when he is not;

16) claiming that products or services are able to facilitate winning in games of chance;

17) falsely claiming that a product is able to cure illnesses, dysfunction or malformations;

18) passing on materially inaccurate information on market conditions or on the possibility

of finding the product or service with the intention of inducing the consumer to acquire the

product or service at conditions less favourable than normal market conditions;

19) claiming in a commercial practice to offer a competition or prize promotion without

awarding the prizes described or a reasonable equivalent;

20) describing a product or service as "gratis", "free", "without charge" or similar if the

consumer has to pay anything other than the unavoidable cost of responding to the

commercial practice and collecting or paying for delivery of the item;

21) including in marketing material an invoice or similar document seeking payment which

gives the consumer the impression that he has already ordered the marketed product or service

when he has not;

22) falsely claiming or creating the impression that the trader is not acting for purposes

relating to his trade, business, craft or profession, or falsely representing oneself as a

consumer;

23) creating the false impression that after-sales service in relation to a product or service is

available in a Member State other than Estonia.

§ 124. Material information upon invitation to purchase

(1) Invitation to purchase means a commercial communication by a trader which indicates

characteristics of the product or service and the price in a way appropriate to the means of the

commercial communication used and thereby enables the consumer to make a purchase.

(2) In the case of an invitation to purchase, the following information shall be regarded as

material information within the meaning of subsection 123 (6) of this Act if not already

apparent from the context:

1) the main characteristics of the product or service, to an extent appropriate to the

medium and the product or service;

2) the geographical address and the identity of the trader, such as his trading name and,

where applicable, the geographical address and the identity of the trader on whose behalf he is

acting;

3) the price inclusive of taxes, or where the nature of the product or service means that the

price cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, the manner in which the price is calculated;

4) all additional freight, delivery or postal charges or, where these charges cannot

reasonably be calculated in advance, the fact that such additional charges may be payable;

5) the procedure for payment for the product or service;

6) the arrangements for delivery, performance and the complaint handling policy, if they

depart from the requirements of professional diligence;

7) for transactions involving a right of withdrawal or cancellation, the existence of such a

right.

(3) In the case of an invitation to purchase, the information the communication of which

upon the marketing of a product or service is required by the legislation of the European

Union shall be regarded as material information in addition to the information specified in

subsection (2) of this section.

§ 125. Aggressive commercial practices

(1) A commercial practice shall be regarded as aggressive if, in its factual context, taking

account of all its features and circumstances, by harassment, coercion, including the use of

physical force, or undue influence, it significantly impairs or is likely to significantly impair

the average consumer's freedom of choice or conduct with regard to the product or service and

thereby causes him or is likely to cause him to take a transactional decision that he would not

have taken otherwise.

(2) The undue influence specified in subsection (1) of this section means exploiting a

position of power in relation to the consumer so as to apply pressure in a way which

significantly limits the consumer's ability to make an informed decision Pressure can be

applied to the consumer even without using or threatening to use physical force.

(3) In determining whether a commercial practice uses harassment, coercion, or undue

influence, account shall be taken of:

1) its timing, location, nature or persistence;

2) the use of threatening or abusive language or behaviour;

3) the exploitation by the trader of any specific misfortune or circumstance of such gravity

as to impair the consumer's judgement, of which the trader is aware, to influence the

consumer's decision with regard to the product or service;

4) any onerous or disproportionate non-contractual barriers imposed by the trader where a

consumer wishes to exercise rights under the contract, including rights to terminate a contract

or to switch to another product or service, or another trader;

5) any threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken.

(4) The following commercial practices are in all circumstances considered aggressive and

shall be prohibited:

1) creating the impression that the consumer cannot leave the premises until a contract is

formed;

2) conducting personal visits to the consumer's home ignoring the consumer's request to

leave or not to return except in circumstances and to the extent justified, under national law,

to enforce a contractual obligation;

3) making persistent and unwanted solicitations by telephone, fax, e-mail or other remote

media except in circumstances and to the extent justified under national law to enforce a

contractual obligation;

4) requiring a consumer who wishes to claim on an insurance policy to produce documents

which could not reasonably be considered relevant as to whether the claim was valid, or

failing systematically to respond to pertinent correspondence, in order to dissuade a consumer

from exercising his contractual rights;

5) including in an advertisement a direct exhortation to children to buy advertised

products or services or persuade their parents or other adults to buy advertised products or

services for them;

6) demanding immediate or deferred payment for or the return or safekeeping of products

or services supplied by the trader, but not solicited by the consumer except where the product

is a substitute supplied in conformity with subsection 99 (3) of the Law of Obligations Act

(inertia selling);

7) explicitly informing a consumer that if he does not buy the product or service, the

trader's job or livelihood will be in jeopardy;

8) creating the false impression that the consumer has already won, will win, or will on

doing a particular act win, a prize or other equivalent benefit, when in fact either there is no

prize or other equivalent benefit, or taking any action in relation to claiming the prize or other

equivalent benefit is subject to the consumer paying money or incurring a cost. (11.10.07

entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 13. Contract negotiated away from business premises

(1) Upon entry into a contract negotiated away from business premises as provided for in

§§ 46-51 of the Law of Obligations Act, the trader shall submit an information note in the

format approved by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications to the consumer.

(2) In the event that goods are sold, the information note specified in subsection (1) of this

section shall be submitted to the consumer not later than when the consumer receives the

goods or the first part of the goods. In other cases, the information note shall be submitted to

the consumer not later than when the consumer makes an offer or accepts the offer of the

trader.

(3) The information note specified in subsection (1) of this section need not be submitted if

the goods or services are offered:

1) outside the business premises of the trader at a place where the goods or services are

ordinarily offered and sold, or

2) at a place to which consumers have been publicly invited through the media or by other

means to purchase goods or services, or

3) at a place to which the trader has come at the clearly expressed request of the consumer

in order to offer goods or services requested by the consumer.

§ 14. Distance contracts

The offering and sale of goods or services to consumers through a marketing system

organised by a trader where contracts are entered into and the offers preceding the contracts

are made only through a means of communication without the simultaneous physical presence

of the parties shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of §§ 52-621 of the Law of

Obligations Act.

Chapter 4

Organisation of Consumer Protection

Division 1 Non-governmental Consumer Associations

§ 15. Consumer associations

(1) A consumer association is a voluntary association of persons the objective of the

activities of which is to protect and promote the interests and rights of consumers and which

is founded and registered in accordance with the Non-profit Associations Act (RT I 1996, 42,

811; 1998, 96, 1515; 1999, 10, 155; 23, 355; 67, 658; 2000, 55, 365; 88, 576; 2001, 56, 336;

93, 565; 2002, 53, 336; 2003, 88, 591).

(2) A consumer association has the right to:

1) participate in the development and implementation of consumer protection policy;

2) organise the dissemination of information as well as consultation and training relating to

consumer protection;

3) advise and assist consumers;

4) represent a consumer, on the basis of an unattested authorisation document, in court and

other state authorities and in relationships with traders or producers;

5) represent a consumer, on the basis of an unattested authorisation document, in the

settlement of extra-judicial disputes;

6) organise surveys relating to consumer protection;

7) co-operate with supervisory authorities engaging in consumer protection.

(3) For the purposes of this Act, a consumer association is deemed to be representing the

collective interests of consumers if the association has at least fifty members and the

federation of associations is deemed to be representing the collective interests of consumers if

the associations which are the members of the federation have at least fifty members in total,

and if the association or federation:

1) represents the interests of consumers at local or national level;

2) is independent of undertakings and political parties.

(4) In addition to the rights specified in subsection (2) of this section, a consumer

association or the federation of associations representing the collective interests of consumers

has the right:

1) in the cases provided by the Law of Obligations Act and in order to protect the

collective interests of consumers, to demand through a court that the application of standard

terms which cause unfair harm to consumers be terminated or that other violations be

terminated and that any future violations be refrained from;

2) to participate in negotiations concerning the standard terms of contracts between

providers of universal services and consumers, including on issues relating to price formation.

(5) The consumer protection activities carried out by a consumer association or the

federation of associations representing the collective interests of consumers may be financed

from the state budget pursuant to the procedure established by the Minister of Economic

Affairs and Communications.

Division 2 Consumer Protection at Local Government Level

§ 16. Consumer protection activities of local governments

(1) Local governments shall organise the provision of advice relating to consumer

protection for consumers within their administrative territories. Local governments are

required to provide advice and assistance to consumers with regard to issues which are

connected with services organised by the local governments pursuant to law.

(2) In order to perform the duties specified in subsection (1) of this section, a local

government may form a consumer protection unit, authorise an official to engage in consumer

protection or enter into a corresponding contract under public law, in accordance with the

Administrative Co-operation Act (RT I 2003, 20, 117; 82, 552), with a consumer association

specified in subsection 15 (1) of this Act.

Division 3 State Consumer Protection

§ 17. Consumer Protection Board

(1) The Consumer Protection Board is a government authority within the area of

government of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(2) The primary duty of the Consumer Protection Board is to protect the rights and interests

of consumers in accordance with this Act and other legislation. The Consumer Protection

Board is competent to:

1) exercise supervision over compliance with the requirements provided for the protection

of consumer rights in this Act, legislation established on the basis of this Act, and other Acts;

2) make proposals to amend or establish legislation relating to consumer protection;

3) settle petitions and complaints submitted to the Board concerning violations of

consumer rights or forward such petitions and complaints to the relevant institutions for

settlement;

4) inform the public of the activities of a trader or producer which violate consumer rights

or damage the legitimate interests of consumers;

5) advise consumers, consumer associations and traders and to assist in increasing their

awareness of consumer protection issues;

6) conduct negotiations with undertakings and business organisations, including providers

of universal services dominating the market, on issues relating to the quality of the services

and reasonable prices for the consumers;

7) enter into co-operation agreements with other supervisory authorities and local

governments;

8) demand through county courts that the application of standard terms which cause unfair

harm to the collective interests of consumers and unfair commercial practices be prohibited

and that any other activities which violate consumer rights be terminated.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 18. Maintaining business secrets

Officials competent to engage in consumer protection and representatives of consumer

associations and federations of associations are required to maintain any business secrets

which become known to them in the course of performing duties related to consumer

protection. Information relating to violations of law committed by a trader or information

subject to communication pursuant to law is not deemed to be a business secret.

Chapter 5

Settlement of Consumer Complaints

Division 1 General Procedure for Settlement of Consumer Complaints

§ 19. Submission of complaints to traders

(1) A consumer may submit a complaint arising from a breach of contract to a trader in any

form. The consumer may submit the complaint himself or herself or through a representative.

(2) If possible, a dispute between a consumer and a trader shall be settled by an agreement

between the consumer and the trader.

(3) If it is not possible to settle a dispute on the basis of an oral complaint, the consumer

shall submit the complaint in writing or in a format which can be reproduced in writing and

set out:

1) his or her name and contact details;

2) the date of submission of the complaint;

3) the defects of the goods or services;

4) the claim submitted to the trader.

(4) A written complaint shall contain a reference to a document certifying the performance

of the transaction or the existence of a warranty against defects or a contractor’s guarantee or

have the relevant document or a copy thereof annexed to the complaint.

(5) If the complaint from a consumer is submitted in writing or in a format which can be

reproduced in writing, the trader shall confirm receipt of the complaint in the same format.

(6) A trader is required to review a complaint submitted by a consumer in writing or in a

format which can be reproduced in writing within fifteen days as of receipt of the complaint

and to notify the consumer of the probable solution to the complaint. If it is not possible to

settle the complaint within fifteen days, the trader is required to justify the delay, give

corresponding written notification to the consumer and specify a new reasonable term.

(7) If a trader finds that a claim from a consumer is unfounded or unjustified and if no

agreement is reached with the consumer or an agreement is reached only partially,

corresponding written notification shall be given to the consumer within the term specified in

subsection (6) of this section. The trader is required to justify refusal to satisfy the claim from

the consumer or partial satisfaction of the claim.

(8) If a trader fails to fulfil a promise to settle a complaint within the term specified in

subsection (6) of this section, the trader is deemed to have refused to settle the complaint.

§ 20. Customer service

The provider of a universal service shall ensure that appropriate customer service exists to

settle consumer complaints and provide information to consumers without charge.

§ 21. Consumer’s right to protection

If a trader refuses to settle a complaint from a consumer or the consumer does not consent to

the solution proposed by the trader and finds that his or her rights have been violated or his or

her interests have been damaged, the consumer may submit a complaint to the person or

institution which settles corresponding disputes, to the consumer complaints committee

through the Consumer Protection Board or to a court. The consumer may submit the

complaint himself or herself or through a representative.

Division 2 Competence, Formation and Rules of Procedure of Consumer Complaints Committee

§ 22. Competence of consumer complaints committee

(1) The consumer complaints committee (hereinafter committee) is an independent

institution which settles disputes between consumers and traders.

(2) The committee is competent to settle disputes arising from contracts between consumers

and traders if the parties have not been able to settle the disputes by agreement and if the

value of the disputed goods or services is at least 300 kroons.

(3) The committee shall not settle a dispute if the claim arises from an event of death,

physical injury or damage to health. Such disputes shall be settled in court.

(4) The committee shall not settle disputes relating to the provision of health services or

legal services or the transfer of immovables or buildings, or disputes for which the settlement

procedure is prescribed by other Acts. Such disputes shall be settled by the competent

institution or court.

(5) The committee shall not deal with a complaint if settlement of the dispute is outside the

competence of the committee due to circumstances arising from subsection (2), (3) or (4) of

this section.

§ 23. Status and members of committee

(1) The committee operates at the Consumer Protection Board within the area of

government of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and makes decisions

independently pursuant to Acts and other legislation.

(2) The committee consists of a chairman of the committee and members in the form of

representatives appointed by business organisations, professional associations, the Consumer

Protection Board and the consumer associations or the federation of consumer associations

specified in subsection 15 (3) of this Act.

(3) A chairman of the committee must be a person who has completed an academic

education in law and is proficient in consumer law. The list of the chairmen of the committee

shall be approved by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in co-ordination

with the Minister of Justice.

(4) Business organisations, professional associations and the consumer associations or the

federation of consumer associations specified in subsection 15 (3) of this section shall submit

written proposals to the Consumer Protection Board for their representatives to be entered in

the list of members of the committee. The representatives of the Consumer Protection Board

to be entered in the list of members of the committee shall be appointed by a directive of the

Director General of the Board. A member of the committee shall be excluded from the list at

the request of the organisation which nominated the member or at the member’s own request.

§ 24. Composition of committee

(1) In order to hear a complaint, the Director General of the Consumer Protection Board or

an official authorised thereby shall approve the composition of the committee, consisting of at

least three members one of whom shall be chairman. The committee shall comprise an equal

number of representatives of undertakings and representatives of consumers.

(2) The procedure for approving the composition of the committee, and the rules of

procedure of the committee shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and

Communications.

§ 25. Working conditions and expenses related to work of committee

(1) The hearing of a complaint by the committee shall be free of charge for the parties.

(2) The Consumer Protection Board shall ensure the administration of the committee, the

availability of session rooms, the taking of minutes at the sessions and the publication of the

decisions of the committee.

(3) The limits of remuneration for the work of the chairman of the committee shall be

established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(4) Expenses relating to the activities of the committee shall be covered from the state

budget out of the funds allocated to the Consumer Protection Board for that purpose.

Division 3 Settlement of Complaints by Committee

§ 26. Submission of complaints

(1) A consumer or his or her representative submits a written complaint to the committee

through the Consumer Protection Board if a trader has refused to settle a complaint made by

the consumer or the consumer does not consent to the solution proposed by the trader.

(2) If the representative of a consumer submits a complaint on behalf of the consumer, the

unattested authorisation document of the representative shall be annexed to the complaint.

(3) A complaint shall set out:

1) the name, residence and other contact details of the consumer;

2) the name or business name of the trader and the address of the place of business;

3) the content of the complaint, the clearly expressed claim of the consumer submitting the

complaint, and the circumstances substantiating the claim.

(4) Documentary evidence, including a copy of the document certifying the purchase and, if

possible, copies of the complaint submitted to the trader and of the reply received, shall be

annexed to a complaint.

(5) The Consumer Protection Board shall keep records of the complaints received.

§ 27. Refusal to forward complaint to committee

(1) A complaint shall not be forwarded to the committee if:

1) settlement of the dispute is not within the competence of the committee, or

2) the same dispute on the same grounds and between the same parties is currently before a

court, or

3) a court judgment concerning the same matter has entered into force.

(2) A consumer shall be notified in writing of refusal to forward his or her complaint to the

committee and of the reason for such refusal within three working days as of the date of

receipt of the complaint.

(3) If a complaint does not meet the requirements provided for in subsections 26 (3) and (4)

of this Act, the Consumer Protection Board shall grant a term for eliminating the deficiencies.

If the consumer who submitted the complaint fails to eliminate the deficiencies within that

term, the complaint shall not be forwarded to the committee and the consumer shall be

notified of the refusal in writing.

§ 28. Preparations for hearing complaints

(1) The Consumer Protection Board shall ascertain the circumstances relevant to the

settlement of a complaint and has the right to contact the consumer who submitted the

complaint and the trader specified in the complaint in order to achieve an agreement between

the parties.

(2) Within three working days as of the date of receipt of a complaint submitted by a

consumer, a copy of the complaint shall be sent to the trader concerned who shall then reply

to the complaint in writing within ten working days as of receiving the copy.

(3) A copy of the trader's written reply shall be sent to the consumer within three working

days as of the date of receipt of the reply.

(4) If the trader's written reply offers a solution which is acceptable to the consumer, the

complaint is deemed to be settled.

(5) If the trader's reply offers a solution which is unacceptable to the consumer, the

consumer shall notify the Consumer Protection Board thereof and the consumer’s complaint

together with a written explanation from the trader and the position of the consumer shall be

forwarded to the committee. If necessary, the position of the competent supervisory authority

concerning issues relevant to the settlement of the complaint shall also be forwarded to the

committee. The consumer's complaint together with the materials annexed to the complaint

shall be forwarded to the committee within thirty working days as of the date of receipt of the

complaint.

(6) If a trader does not submit a written reply, the matter shall be heard on the basis of the

consumer's complaint.

§ 29. Termination of proceedings concerning complaint

(1) The committee has the right to terminate the proceedings concerning a complaint, if:

1) it becomes evident upon hearing the complaint that settling the complaint is not within

the competence of the committee;

2) settlement of the complaint is not possible based on the evidence provided because it

requires a thorough investigation and hearing of witnesses;

3) the parties to the dispute reach an agreement before the session, during the session or in

a period between the sessions of the committee;

4) the consumer withdraws the complaint.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

(2) A decision on the termination of proceedings concerning a complaint shall be taken by

the chairman of the committee. The consumer shall be notified immediately in writing of

termination of the proceedings and the reasons for the termination.

§ 30. Term for hearing complaints

(1) A complaint submitted to the committee shall be heard at a committee session within

one month as of the date following the date on which the complaint is forwarded to the

committee.

(2) The chairman of the committee shall determine the time and place of the committee

session and arrange for the delivery of summonses to the parties to the dispute.

(3) The term specified in subsection (1) of this section may be extended at the reasoned

request of a party or for any other good reason.

§ 31. Committee sessions

(1) The committee shall hear a complaint at a session in the presence of the parties to the

dispute or their representatives.

(2) Failure of the parties to a dispute or their representatives to appear at the session does

not prevent the complaint from being heard.

(3) The committee session shall be chaired by the chairman who shall also ascertain the

nature of the consumer's complaint and the relevant provisions of law at the session.

(4) The consumer shall present his or her claim and the bases therefor. The consumer may

supplement the claim submitted in his or her written complaint at the session.

(5) The trader against whom the claim has been submitted shall either accept or contest the

claim. The trader has the right to submit supplementary evidence.

(6) At the session, the persons concerned shall be heard and documents and other evidence

shall be examined and assessed.

§ 32. Expert opinion

(1) If necessary and if the parties to the dispute consent thereto, the committee has the right

to order an expert assessment of the disputed goods or services. The committee shall take into

consideration the opinions of the parties when appointing an expert. The term for conducting

the expert assessment shall be determined by the committee and agreed with the expert.

(2) The expert opinion shall be sent to both parties to the dispute. The expenses relating to

the expert assessment of goods or services shall be paid by the party who loses the dispute

according to the decision of the committee.

(3) The committee has the right to divide the expenses relating to the expert assessment of

goods or services between the consumer and the trader if it is not possible to determine

conclusively which of the parties is the loser in the dispute.

(4) The committee also has the right to order an expert assessment of disputed goods or

services if the expert opinion is requested by one of the parties to the dispute and the party

agrees to pay the expenses relating thereto.

§ 33. Minutes of committee sessions

(1) Minutes shall be taken of committee sessions by an official of the Consumer Protection

Board who is not a member of the committee.

(2) The minutes of a committee session shall contain information relevant to the dispute.

(3) The minutes of a committee session shall set out:

1) the date and place of the session;

2) the time at which the session begins and ends;

3) the names of the members of the committee, the person chairing the session and the

person taking the minutes;

4) the names of the parties to the dispute;

5) information on whether the parties appeared at the session;

6) the essential content of the explanations, claims and objections of the parties;

7) information concerning the presentation of documentary evidence;

8) the date on which the minutes are signed.

(4) The minutes shall be signed by the chairman of the committee and the person who took

the minutes.

Division 4 Decisions and Execution of Decisions of Committee

§ 34. Decision making

(1) The committee shall make a decision within five working days as of the date of hearing

a complaint. Only members of the committee shall be present while the decision is made.

(2) The decisions of the committee shall be reasoned and be based on Acts and other

legislation. The committee shall evaluate all evidence from all perspectives, thoroughly and

objectively, when making a decision.

(3) Decisions shall be made by majority vote. Members of the committee who maintain a

minority position have the right to dissent.

(4) Members of the committee do not have the right to remain undecided.

§ 35. Preparation of decisions

(1) Decisions shall be prepared in writing and consist of an introduction, a descriptive part,

the statement of the reasons of the committee and a conclusion. Decisions shall be signed by

all the members of the committee.

(2) The introduction to a decision shall set out the time of making the decision and the

names of the parties.

(3) The descriptive part of a decision shall set out the claim of the consumer and the

objections of the other party.

(4) The statement of reasons of a decision shall set out the facts and evidence established by

the committee, the conclusions reached by the committee on the basis thereof, and the legal

acts applied by the committee.

(5) The conclusion of a decision shall set out the position of the committee concerning the

satisfaction, partial satisfaction or dismissal of the complaint.

§ 36. Disclosure of decisions

(1) A copy of a decision shall be sent to the parties by registered mail with advice of

delivery within two working days as of the date on which the decision is made.

(2) A decision of the committee shall be published on the website of the Consumer

Protection Board within two working days after the members of the committee have signed

the decision.

§ 37. Compliance with decisions

(1) A decision of the committee shall be complied with within one month as of the date

following the date of receipt of a copy of the decision unless a different term is specified in

the decision.

(2) A trader shall notify the Consumer Protection Board in writing when it complies with a

decision.

(3) If a party to a dispute does not consent to the decision of the committee or fails to

comply with the decision, the parties have the right to file an action with the county court for

the same dispute to be heard.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

(4) In the event of failure to comply with a decision of the committee, the Consumer

Protection Board has the right, with the consent of the consumer and as the representative of

the consumer, to file an action with a county court for the same dispute to be heard if the

dispute is relevant to the application of an Act or other legislation or to the general interests of

consumers.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

Chapter 6

Supervision

§ 38. Supervisory authorities engaging in consumer protection

Officials of the Consumer Protection Board, the Health Protection Inspectorate, the police

prefecture and local governments who have supervisory competence (hereinafter supervisory

officials) shall exercise supervision, within the limits of their competence, over the

safeguarding of the rights granted to consumers on the basis of this Act and other legislation.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

§ 39. Rights of supervisory officials

(1) In order to perform their duties, supervisory officials have the right to:

1) verify whether the goods and services offered to consumers meet the requirements and,

if necessary, to purchase goods or services for such purpose;

2) have free access to premises used for the business or professional activities of traders

and, in the presence of the trader, a representative of the trader or a police officer, open means

of transport used to transport goods;

3) demand that traders or producers submit relevant documents, materials and explanations

and other relevant information;

4) suspend the offering and sale of goods or services which are harmful to consumers, if

necessary by affixing a seal;

5) issue oral warnings to traders and draw their attention to any failure to comply with the

requirements relating to consumer protection;

6) make proposals to competent persons and institutions for suspension or termination of

the activities of a trader pursuant to the procedure prescribed by law if the trader fails to

comply with the requirements established for activities in the area of activity of the trader;

7) issue precepts within the limits of their competence.

(2) In the performance of their duties, supervisory officials are required to present

identification.

§ 40. Precepts of supervisory officials

(1) Upon detection of an offence, a supervisory official may issue a precept in which he or

she:

1) demands that the offence be terminated and, if possible, that the initial situation be

restored, or

2) requires the offering and sale of goods or services which do not meet the requirements

to be suspended and prescribes a term for bringing the goods or services into compliance with

the requirements.

(2) A precept shall set out:

1) the name and position of the person issuing the precept;

2) the date of issue of the precept;

3) the name and address of the recipient of the precept;

4) the factual and legal basis for the precept;

5) a clearly expressed demand together with references to the provisions of relevant

legislation;

6) the term for compliance with the precept;

7) the size of the penalty payment to be imposed upon failure to comply with the precept;

8) the procedure for contestation of the precept.

(3) A precept shall be submitted to the representative of a trader immediately against a

signature or sent to the representative of the trader by registered mail with advice of delivery.

(4) Compliance with precepts is mandatory for traders. Contestation of a precept does not

release the trader from the obligation to comply with the precept unless a court decides

otherwise.

(5) Upon failure to comply with a precept specified in subsection (1) of this section, a

penalty payment may be imposed pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Substitutive

Enforcement and Penalty Payment Act (RT I 2001, 50, 283; 94, 580). The upper limit for a

penalty payment is 10 000 kroons.

§ 41. Termination of activities harmful to collective interests of consumers

(1) The Director General of the Consumer Protection Board or an official authorised by him

or her may issue precepts requiring termination of or refraining from activities harmful to the

collective interests of consumers.

(2) Any act which prejudices the common interests of an undefined number of consumers

and is in conflict with the provisions of this Act, the Law of Obligations Act or any other Act

is an activity harmful to collective interests.

(3) The Director General of the Consumer Protection Board or an official authorised by him

or her may issue a precept to a trader and demand that the trader terminate application of

standard conditions which are unfair to consumers, or demand that a trader who has violated

the provisions of §§ 46-51 of the Law of Obligations Act concerning contracts negotiated

away from business premises, §§ 52-62 concerning distance contracts, §§ 208-237 concerning

contracts of sale, §§ 379-388 concerning contracts relating to the purchase of a right to use a

building on a timeshare basis, §§ 402-421 concerning consumer credit contracts and contracts

linked thereto, §§ 635-657 concerning contracts for services or §§ 866-882 concerning

package travel contracts terminate the violation and refrain from further violation of the

provisions.

(31) The Director General of the Consumer Protection Board or a person authorised by the

Director General may issue a precept and demand that a trader terminate the use of an unfair

commercial practice or, if such practice has not yet been used but is intended to be used,

demand that the trader refrain from using the practice.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

(4) A precept shall be communicated to a trader and delivered against a signature or sent to

the trader by registered mail with advice of delivery within two working days as of the date of

issue of the precept.

(5) It is mandatory for a trader to comply with a precept issued thereto pursuant to

subsection 40 (2) of this Act by the Director General of the Consumer Protection Board or an

official authorised by him or her. Contestation of the precept does not release the trader from

the obligation to comply with the precept unless a court decides otherwise.

(6) Upon failure to comply with a precept, a penalty payment may be imposed pursuant to

the procedure provided for in the Substitutive Enforcement and Penalty Payment Act. The

upper limit for a penalty payment is 10 000 kroons.

§ 42. Termination of cross-border activities harmful to collective interests of consumers

(1) The provisions of this section apply if the activities of a trader operating in one of the

Member States of the European Union are in conflict with the provisions of a directive as

transposed into the legislation applicable in that Member State and if the consequences of the

infringement become apparent in another Member State.

(2) A list of the directives specified in subsection (1) of this section shall be established by

a regulation of the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(3) The authorities and organisations of the Member States as published in the Official

Journal of the European Union have the right to apply for a precept to be issued for the

termination of such activities of a trader operating in Estonia as are in conflict with the

provisions of a directive specified in subsection (2) of this section as transposed into the

legislation applicable in Estonia and which are harmful to the collective interests of

consumers in the Member State concerned.

(4) The Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in co-ordination with the

relevant ministers shall appoint the Estonian authorities and organisations which have the

right to apply for the termination of such activities of a trader operating in a Member State of

the European Union as are in conflict with the provisions of a directive specified in subsection

(2) of this section as transposed into the legislation applicable in that Member State and which

are harmful to the collective interests of consumers in Estonia.

§ 421. Co-operation in consumer protection

(1) Cooperation between the competent authorities designated as responsible for

enforcement of the legislation protecting the interests of consumers in the Member States of

the European Union shall be effected pursuant to the Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the

European Parliament and of the Council on cooperation between national authorities

responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection laws (the Regulation on consumer

protection cooperation) (OJ L 364, 09.12.2004, pp. 1–11).

(2) The Consumer Protection Board shall be the contact authority in the implementation of

the Regulation specified in subsection (1) of this section.

(3) The Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in co-ordination with the

relevant ministers shall designate the competent authorities responsible for the

implementation of the Regulation specified in subsection (1) of this section.

(4) The Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications shall notify the European

Commission and other Member States of the competent authorities appointed as responsible

for the implementation of the Regulation specified in subsection (1) of this section and a

single contact authority.

(15.12.2005 entered into force 08.01.2006 - RT I 2005, 71, 547)

Chapter 7

Liability

§ 43. (Repealed -11.100.2007 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 44. (Repealed -11.100.2007 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 45. Violation of requirements for providing information concerning characteristics, conditions of use or warranty of goods or services or for indicating prices

(1) Violation by a trader of the requirements for providing information concerning the

characteristics, conditions of use or warranty of goods or services or for indicating prices is

punishable by a fine of up to 100 fine units.

(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 30 000

kroons.

§ 46. Violation of requirements for goods, sale of goods or provision of services

(1) Violation by a trader of the requirements for the expiry dates, labelling or instruction

manuals of goods or for the warranty applicable to goods or services or of any other

requirements for goods or services or the sale of goods is punishable by a fine of up to 200

fine units.

(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 40 000

kroons.

§ 47. Deceiving consumers

(1) Commission of the following acts by a trader upon the sale of goods or provision of

services to a consumer:

1) inaccurate weighing, inaccurate measuring, or miscalculation;

2) failure to adhere to the approved rates or the prices agreed upon or indicated, or

3) failure to provide or concealment of truthful information in Estonian concerning the

characteristics, price or origin of goods or services – is punishable by a fine of up to 100 fine

units.

(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 30 000

kroons.

§ 471. Violation of prohibition to use unfair commercial practices

(1) Violation by a trader of the prohibition to use unfair commercial practices is punishable

by a fine of up to 300 fine units.

(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 50 000

kroons.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

§ 48. Proceedings

(1) The provisions of the General Part of the Penal Code and the Code of Misdemeanour

Procedure apply to misdemeanours provided for in §§ 45-471 of this Act.

(2) The following bodies shall conduct extra-judicial proceedings concerning the

misdemeanours provided for in §§ 45-47 of this Act:

1) the Consumer Protection Board;

2) Health Protection Inspectorate;

3) rural municipality and city governments.

(3) The Consumer Protection Board shall conduct extra-judicial proceedings in the matters

of the misdemeanours provided for in § 471 of this Act.

(11.10.07 entered into force 12.12.07 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

Chapter 8

Implementing Provisions

§ 49. Repeal of earlier Act

The Consumer Protection Act (RT I 1994, 2, 13; 1999, 35, 450; 102, 907; 2000, 40, 252; 59,

379; 2001, 50, 283 and 289; 56, 332; 2002, 18, 97; 35, 214; 53, 336; 61, 375; 63, 387) is

repealed.

§ 50. Amendment of Law of Obligations Act

The Law of Obligations Act (RT I 2001, 81, 487; 2002, 60, 374; 2003, 78, 523) is amended as

follows:

1) in subsection 46 (2), the words “60 euro” are replaced by the words “15 euro”;

2) in subsection 49 (1), the words “seven days” are replaced by the words “fourteen days”;

3) subsection (4) is added to § 49 worded as follows:

“(4) “If a consumer withdraws from a contract, the sums paid by the consumer shall be

refunded to him or her immediately but not later than within thirty days as of the withdrawal

from the contract.”;

4) in subsection 56 (1), the words “eleven days” are replaced by the words “fourteen

days”;

5) Division 5 is added to Chapter 2 worded as follows:

“Division 5

Contracts Entered into through Computer Network

§ 621. Specifications for entry into contract through computer network

(1) A person engaging in economic or professional activities who enters into contracts

through a computer network when selling goods or providing services shall make available to

customers suitable and efficient technical means which are accessible and by which customers

are able to identify and correct typing errors before transmitting their orders.

(2) Before transmission of an order specified in subsection (1) of this section, the supplier

shall notify the customer of:

1) the technical stages involved in entering into the contract;

2) whether the supplier will preserve the text of the contract after entry into the contract

and whether the text will remain available to the customer;

3) the technical means for identifying and correcting typing errors;

4) the languages in which the contract may be entered into;

5) the rules observed by the supplier, and the electronic means for examining the rules.

(3) The supplier shall confirm receipt of an order immediately in electronic form.

(4) The order and the confirmation of receipt of the order are deemed to have been received

when the person to whom the order or confirmation is addressed has had the opportunity to

examine it.

(5) The terms of the contract, including the standard terms, shall be presented to the

customer in a manner which enables them to be saved and reproduced.

(6) The provisions of subsections (1)–(3) of this section do not apply if the contract is

entered into by electronic mail or any other similar personal means of communication.

(7) Agreements derogating from the provisions of subsections (1)–(5) of this section may

be entered into only by persons engaging in economic or professional activities. Derogating

agreements do not affect the validity of the contract entered into.

(8) The provisions of this section do not preclude or restrict any obligations of a supplier to

provide customers with any other information prescribed by law.”

§ 51. Amendment of Alcohol Act

Clause 3 (1) 4) of the Alcohol Act (RT I 2002, 3, 7; 63, 387; 2003, 2, 17; 88, 591) is amended

and worded as follows:

“4) offer for sale or sale by an undertaking to another undertaking or to another person who

is not a consumer within the meaning of the Consumer Protection Act (hereinafter wholesale

trade);”.

§ 52. Amendment of Explosive Substances Act

Subsection 18 (52) of the Explosive Substances Act (RT I 1997, 86, 1461; 2001, 65, 377; 85,

510; 88, 531; 2002, 47, 297; 53, 336; 61, 375; 63, 387; 2003, 20, 116; 88, 591 and 594; 2004,

2, 7) is amended and worded as follows:

“(52) The retail trade of crackers is prohibited from 1 November to 30 December (inclusive).

The retail trade of crackers is deemed to be the sale or offer for sale thereof to consumers

within the meaning of the Consumer Protection Act.”

§ 53. Entry into force of Act

(1) This Act enters into force on 15 April 2004.

(2) Section 42 of this Act enters into force upon Estonia's accession to the European Union.

1 Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning unfair

business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council

Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European

Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament

and of the Council (‘Unfair Commercial Practices Directive’) (OJ L 149, 11.06.2005, pp 22–

39)

(11.10.2007 entered into force 12.12.2007 - RT I 2007, 56, 375)

2 RT = Riigi Teataja = State Gazette