复杂性在实现可持续发展目标中的作用

2024年4月16日

Federico Moscatelli

2024年4月16日 ・ 3 minutes reading time

#
图:Getty Images Plus/iStock/manbo-photo

复杂性是衡量创新生态系统所包含的专有技术水平的一个指标。自2009年提出以来,关于复杂性的文献将经济发展视为一个结构转型过程。各国通过使其生产结构从以低科技含量的普遍活动为主转变为产出较少的更先进结构来实现增长。

体面工作和经济增长(可持续发展目标8)

sdgs-8

经济学文献发现,复杂性与经济表现之间存在密切关联。发达国家不仅多样化发达国家不仅多样化程度较高,复杂性也较高。充满活力的创新生态系统可以产生复杂而独特的技术,从而创造出复杂的产品。

  • 研究发现,拥有复杂技术的生产结构的经济体通常经济表现较好。实际上,据估计,复杂性每提高10%,人均GDP增长率将会提高0.45%。
  • 通过观察经济表现的长期模式,复杂性较高的国家也更有可能具有复原力
  • 相对于收入水平,复杂性较高的创新生态系统的增长速度快于复杂性较低的创新生态系统,而复杂性较低的经济体的经济增长道路则比较动荡。

不平等、可持续性和气候行动(可持续发展目标7、10、11、13)

sdgs-7-10-11-13

此外,复杂性较高所产生的影响超出了经济增长的范畴。特别是:

  • 出口复杂商品的国家其收入不平等程度较低。
  • 复杂性的提高与城市地区的收入差距收敛相关联。
  • 复杂的经济活动往往集中在大城市
  • 在复杂性较高的国家,为绿色技术申请专利更为普遍。
  • 经济具有复杂性的国家其温室气体排放量较低。

创新政策的作用(可持续发展目标9)

sdgs-9

总之,虽然复杂性提高的好处可能很有吸引力,但创新政策必须考虑其副作用,特别是其空间分布后果。高技能劳动者不断向最复杂的城市集中,这将继续消耗周边地区的资源。这就是为什么许多创新经济学家都希望找出提高复杂性的潜在途径,这一点非常重要。

想成为这方面的专家?深入研究我们精心制定的复杂性研究清单!

 

相关资源

让创新政策为发展服务

 

Disclaimer: The short posts and articles included in the Innovation Economics Themes Series typically report on research in progress and are circulated in a timely manner for discussion and comment. The views expressed in them are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WIPO or its Member States. ​​​​​​​

Related stories

The AI Era Is Here. But Will It Reach Everyone?

AI is already here. It is already reshaping economies, industries, and jobs. The question is no longer whether it will change the world. The question is whether that change will work for everyone, or just a few.

How Electronic Sport is Powering a $184 Billion Innovation Economy

From basement hobby to billion-dollar industry: discover how intellectual property rights empowered competitive gaming into a global economic powerhouse creating careers, driving innovation, and reshaping entertainment.

Does technology spread faster than ever before?

Inventions alone do not change the world; it is their diffusion that does. GenAI spread globally within a few days while other life-saving technologies took decades. How rapidly technologies spread has changed dramatically throughout history, and the shift to digital technologies has accelerated diffusion to unprecedented speeds. Discover how diffusion patterns have evolved across countries in this post!

The Innovation Race in Sports Technologies

Sports innovation is growing twice as fast as global innovation overall, yet most countries are barely competing. Here's what the data reveals about who's winning the sports technology race, and where the biggest untapped opportunities lie.