创新能力的世界

2024年7月19日

2024年7月19日 ・ 3 minutes reading time

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图:Getty Images Plus/metamorworks

知识在世界上无处不在。它为每个创新生态系统的能力发展提供动力。这些能力代表了一个生态系统在创新过程的某个领域提供有竞争力产出的能力。在许多情况下,知识可以蕴含在工具、程序中,或以代码的形式表达出来,很容易在全球范围内共享。而在其他一些情况下,知识是默会性的,意味着要从个人经验中获得。因此,这些知识深植于个人的大脑中,不易编码和转移。这一事实使了解和衡量各种能力对于创新决策至关重要。如何对它们进行分类?

识别创新能力

创新是一种多维度的力量。它涵盖国家、地区和行业中人类努力的各个方面。创新生态系统的蓬勃发展有赖于其科学技术生产子生态系统之间强有力的互动,这涉及到各种利益攸关方。从这三个相互依存的维度识别创新能力,就可以绘制出全球创新生态系统的具体图景。 

科学能力包括研究、发现和创造知识。科学家和研究人员通过发现、完善和结合各科学领域的现有能力,推动世界科学知识的发展。

技术能力包括将现有科技知识转化为具体工艺和产品的所有方法。工程师、应用科学家、开发人员和设计人员通力合作,弥合理论与实践之间的差距。专利可以作为衡量这类能力的代理指标。

生产能力是指在一个经济体中大规模生产商业化商品和服务所需的能力。无论是大型企业,还是小型公司和初创企业,都需要具备这种能力。国际贸易数据可以作为衡量这类能力的代理指标。

为什么要绘制创新能力图?

评估这三个维度的能力对于循证决策至关重要,但并非易事。绘制创新能力图有助于确定在某些创新领域表现突出的地区或国家,以及可能存在差距或薄弱环节的地区或国家。其中一些地区越来越有能力在国际层面开展科学研究,但却未能将这些研究成果转化。还有一些地区能够在国际上作出贡献,但未能将这种生产能力转化为最终带来创新的技术学习。这些经济体和地区可以从任何关于在何处集中有限的资源,扫清科学、技术和生产之间的创新障碍的指导中获益匪浅。

相关出版物

让创新政策促进发展

我们能否绘制创新能力图?

Disclaimer: The short posts and articles included in the Innovation Economics Themes Series typically report on research in progress and are circulated in a timely manner for discussion and comment. The views expressed in them are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WIPO or its Member States

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