Acronyms

3G-SHS third-generation solar home systems
AC air conditioner
AC alternating current
AD autonomous driving
ADB Asian Development Bank
AHU air handling units
AI artificial intelligence
AnMBR anaerobic membrane bioreactor
AnWT anaerobic wastewater treatment
APAC Asia-Pacific
APS auto pressurization systems
ART autonomous rail rapid transit
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASRS automated storage and retrieval systems
AWD alternate wetting and drying
BCM billion cubic meters
BEMS building energy management system
BESS battery energy storage system
BEV battery electric vehicle
BIPV building-integrated photovoltaics
BLDC brushless DC motors
CaaS cooling as a service
CAV constant air volume
CCA Clean Cooking Alliance
CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamp
CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
CIPP cured-in-place pipe
CNG compressed natural gas
CO₂ carbon dioxide
CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent
COP Conference of the Parties 
C-V2X cellular vehicle-to-everything
DC direct current
DCS district cooling system
DCV demand-controlled ventilation
DER distributed energy resources
DFI Development Finance Institution
DVI Digital Village Initiative
ED electrodialysis
EDI electro-deionization
E-ferries electric ferries
EMB electric mini- and microbus
EMS energy management system
ERD energy recovery devices
ERP enterprise resource planning
ERP electronic road pricing
ERV energy recovery ventilation
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
EU European Union
EV electric vehicles
EXPO25 2025 World Exposition
 FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FBD flatbed dryer
FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle
FO forward osmosis
GBI green building index
GHG greenhouse gas
GIS geographic information systems
GPS global positioning systems
GRE green real estate
GSHP ground-source heat pumps
GWP global warming potential
HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HDV heavy duty vehicles
HEV hybrid electric vehicles
HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
HRV heat recovery ventilation
HVAC heating, ventilation and cooling
HVLS high-volume low-speed
IAS irrigation advisory system
ICS improved cookstoves
IEA International Energy Agency
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IER ion-exchange resin
ILR ice-lined refrigerators
IMTA integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
IoT internet of things
IP intellectual property
 IPF international patent family
IPR intellectual property rights
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
ITS intelligent transport systems
kVA kilovolt-ampere
kWh kilowatt-hour
LCD liquid crystal display
LCM liquid crystal module
LDCs least developed countries
LED light emitting diode
LEED leadership in energy and environmental design
LFP lithium iron phosphate
Li-ion lithium ion
LNG liquefied natural gas
LPA liquid pressure amplification
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
LPWAN low-power wide-area network
LTO lithium titanate
MABR membrane aerated biofilm reactors
MBRs membrane bio-reactors
MCS megawatt charging system
MDBs multilateral development banks
MEPS Minimum Energy Performance Standards
MFC microbial fuel cells
MRL machineroom-less
MSEs micro- and small enterprises
MW megawatt
MWh megawatt-hour
Nb-IoT narrowband internet of things
NCA lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide
NDB New Development Bank
NDC nationally determined contribution
NEBP National Electric Bus Program
NMC lithium manganese cobalt oxide
NRW non-revenue water
NSI national system of innovation
 NTO niobium titanium oxide
OGR off-grid refrigeration
OLED organic light emitting diode
PA precision agriculture
PCM phase-change materials
PHE plate heat exchanger
PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicles
PMSMs permanent magnet synchronous motor
PRVs pressure-reducing valves
PSC perovskite solar cells
PV photovoltaics
RAS recirculating aquaculture system
RCD recirculating columnar dryer
RE renewable energy
RO reverse osmosis
RPM revolutions per minute
SBD solar bubble dryer
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SDD solar direct drive
SDG sustainable development goal
SHP small hydro power
SHS solar home systems
SRI solar reflectance index
SRI system of rice intensification
TRL technology readiness level 
UFAD underfloor air distribution
UN United Nations
 UV ultraviolet
V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
V2X vehicle-to-everything
VAV variable air volume
VAWT vertical axis wind turbine
VIP vacuum insulation panels
VMS vessel monitoring system
VPP virtual power plant
VRF variable refrigerant flow
VSDs variable speed drives
WGR weak-grid refrigeration
WHS wind home systems
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
 W/mK Watts per meter-Kelvin
WRI World Resources Institute
WWTPs wastewater treatment plants
ZEH zero-energy homes