Science and Technology Cluster Ranking 2023

The Science and Technology (S&T) Cluster ranking of the The Science and Technology (S&T) Cluster ranking of the Global Innovation Index
Global Innovation Index identifies local concentrations of world-leading science and technology activity. S&T clusters are established through the analysis of patent-filing activity and scientific article publication, documenting the geographical areas around the world with the highest density of inventors and scientific authors.
. WIPO locates and ranks science and technology clusters through a geocoding method, mapping addresses and names pulled from documents to 96% accuracy. Find out more about the S&T Cluster methodology .
Video revealing the top 10 science and technology clusters in the world
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Video: Top 10 S&T Clusters

Top 100 Science and Technology Clusters worldwide 2023

Main findings

The world’s five biggest S&T clusters  are all located in East Asia . Tokyo-Yokohama (Japan)  leads as the largest global S&T cluster, followed by Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou  (China and Hong Kong, China), Seoul  (Republic of Korea), followed by China’s Beijing and Shanghai-Suzhou  clusters.
The Cambridge  cluster in the United Kingdom and San Jose-San Francisco, CA  in the United States are found to be the clusters with the most intensive S&T activity , in proportion to population density, followed by Oxford (UK), Eindhoven (Netherlands) and Boston–Cambridge (US) .
This year, the GII identifies 24 S&T clusters in China , up from the 21 last year, as the country boasting the greatest number of clusters , with Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou, Beijing Shanghai–Suzhou, and Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou and Nanjing leading.
The US has 21 among the top 100 , Germany 9, and Japan, Canada, India and the Republic of Korea each have 4, with San Jose–San Francisco  leading for the US, Munich  for Germany, Tokyo-Yokohama  for Japan, Toronto  for Canada, Bengaluru  for India, and Seoul  for the Republic of Korea.
S&T clusters located in other middle-income economies  besides China also saw strong S&T output growth, notably in India which has four top S&T clusters , with Chennai and Bengaluru experiencing the biggest increases in density of inventors and scientific authors.
S&T clusters in certain emerging economies  grew at a particularly fast pace, including Brazil , India , Türkiye and, beyond the top 100, in Argentina , Egypt , Thailand  and others.

Top 100 Science and Technology Cluster briefs 2023

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For ongoing work on assisting countries to measure and improve innovation at the sub-national level see the WIPO toolkit on "Enabling Innovation Measurement at the Sub-National Level " and the dedicated WIPO General Assemblies Side Event .