AGC
Apollo guidance computer
AI
artificial intelligence
AMC
advance market commitment
CalTech
California Institute of Technology
CCD
charged-coupled device
CCS
carbon capture and storage
CEPI
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation
CFRP
carbon fiber and carbon fiber reinforced plastics
CMR
Committee on Medical Research
CO2
carbon dioxide
COVID
coronavirus disease, also COVID-19
DARPA
US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DoD
US Department of Defense
DoE
Department of Energy
D-RAM
dynamic random-access memory
DT
digital technology
FDA
US Food and Drug Administration
FDI
foreign direct investment
FRAND
fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory
GE
Genetically engineered
GenAI
generative artificial intelligence
GHG
greenhouse gas
GM
genetically modified
GPS
global positioning system
GPT
general purpose technology
GRI
government research institutes
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
HT
Herbicide tolerant
ICT
information and communication technology
IEA
International Energy Agency
IoT
Internet of Things
IP
intellectual property
IPC
International Patent Classification
IPR
intellectual property rights
IRENA
International Renewable Energy Agency
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISP
internet service provider
IT
information technology
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
LAC
Latin America and the Caribbean
LCOE
levelized cost of energy
LLM
large language model
LNP
lipid nanoparticle
LiDAR
Light detection and ranging
MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ML
machine learning
MoMo
mobile money
mRNA
messenger ribonucleic acid
NARS
national agriculture research system
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NGO
non-governmental organization
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NRC
National Research Council
NRRL
Northern Regional Research Laboratory
NSF
National Science Foundation
OBM
original brand manufacturer
ODM
original design manufacturer
OEM
original equipment manufacturer
ORSD
Office of Scientific Research and Development
OWS
Operation Warp Speed (renamed the Countermeasures Acceleration Group (CAG) in 2021)
PAT
precision agriculture technology
PNT
position, navigation and timing data
PV
photovoltaic
R&D
research and development
RPS
radioisotope power system
RR
RoundUp Ready™
RTK-GNSS
Real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system
SARS-CoV-2
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
SDO
standards development organization
SEP
standard essential patent
SMC
submarine cable
SME
small and medium-sized enterprise
SMS
short messaging service
SO
standardization organization
SSA
Sub-Saharan Africa
SSO
standard-setting organization
TFP
total factor productivity
3GPP
3rd Generation Partnership Project
TRIPS
Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
TRL
technology readiness level
UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
US
United States of America
USPTO
United States Patent and Trademark Office
VTF
vaccine taskforce
VTR
variable rate technology
V2G
vehicle-to-grid
WAEMU
West African Economic and Monetary Union
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organization
WPB
War Production Board
ZEV
zero emission vehicle