Science and Technology Cluster Ranking 2023

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WIPO locates and ranks science and technology clusters through a geocoding method, mapping addresses and names pulled from documents to 96% accuracy. Find out more about the S&T Cluster methodology
Video revealing the top 10 science and technology clusters in the world
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Video: Top 10 S&T Clusters

Top 100 Science and Technology Clusters worldwide 2023

Main findings

The world’s five biggest S&T clusters  are all located in East Asia . Tokyo-Yokohama (Japan)  leads as the largest global S&T cluster, followed by Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou  (China and Hong Kong, China), Seoul  (Republic of Korea), followed by China’s Beijing and Shanghai-Suzhou  clusters.
The Cambridge  cluster in the United Kingdom and San Jose-San Francisco, CA  in the United States are found to be the clusters with the most intensive S&T activity , in proportion to population density, followed by Oxford (UK), Eindhoven (Netherlands) and Boston–Cambridge (US) .
This year, the GII identifies 24 S&T clusters in China , up from the 21 last year, as the country boasting the greatest number of clusters , with Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou, Beijing Shanghai–Suzhou, and Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou and Nanjing leading.
The US has 21 among the top 100 , Germany 9, and Japan, Canada, India and the Republic of Korea each have 4, with San Jose–San Francisco  leading for the US, Munich  for Germany, Tokyo-Yokohama  for Japan, Toronto  for Canada, Bengaluru  for India, and Seoul  for the Republic of Korea.
S&T clusters located in other middle-income economies  besides China also saw strong S&T output growth, notably in India which has four top S&T clusters , with Chennai and Bengaluru experiencing the biggest increases in density of inventors and scientific authors.
S&T clusters in certain emerging economies  grew at a particularly fast pace, including Brazil , India , Türkiye and, beyond the top 100, in Argentina , Egypt , Thailand  and others.

Top 100 Science and Technology Cluster briefs 2023

Rank Cluster RankEconomy
Brief Cluster Economy1 BriefTokyo–Yokohama 1 Japan Tokyo–Yokohama Japan 2 Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou Hong Kong, China 3 Seoul Republic of Korea 4 Beijing China 5 Shanghai–Suzhou China 6 San Jose–San Francisco, CA United States 7 Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto Japan 8 Boston–Cambridge, MA United States 9 San Diego, CA United States 10 New York City, NY United States 11 Nanjing China 12 Paris France 13 Wuhan China 14 Hangzhou China 15 Nagoya Japan 16 Los Angeles, CA United States 17 Washington, DC-Baltimore, MD United States 18 Daejeon Republic of Korea 19 Xian China 20 London United Kingdom 21 Seattle, WA United States 22 Munich Germany 23 Qingdao China 24 Chengdu China 25 Cologne Germany 26 Amsterdam–Rotterdam Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 27 Taipei–Hsinchu Taiwan (Province of China) 28 Houston, TX United States 29 Stuttgart Germany 30 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem Israel 31 Moscow Russian Federation 32 Chicago, IL United States 33 Singapore Singapore/Malaysia 34 Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 35 Philadelphia, PA United States 36 Tianjin China 37 Changsha China 38 Stockholm Sweden 39 Minneapolis, MN United States 40 Hefei China 41 Eindhoven Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 42 Melbourne Australia 43 Berlin Germany 44 Chongqing China 45 Frankfurt am Main Germany 46 Sydney Australia 47 Raleigh, NC United States 48 Madrid Spain 49 Zürich Switzerland 50 Milan Italy 51 Brussels–Antwerp Belgium 52 Toronto Canada 53 Harbin China 54 Barcelona Spain 55 Jinan China 56 Bengaluru India 57 Denver, CO United States 58 Changchun China 59 Istanbul Türkiye 60 Montreal Canada 61 Copenhagen Denmark 62 Heidelberg–Mannheim Germany 63 Shenyang China 64 Delhi India 65 Cambridge United Kingdom 66 Rome Italy 67 Portland, OR United States 68 Atlanta, GA United States 69 Dalian China 70 Nuremberg–Erlangen Germany 71 Dallas, TX United States 72 São Paulo Brazil 73 Helsinki Finland 74 Busan Republic of Korea 75 Zhengzhou China 76 Vienna Austria 77 Cincinnati, OH United States 78 Pittsburgh, PA United States 79 Oxford United Kingdom 80 Xiamen China 81 Ann Arbor, MI United States 82 Lanzhou China 83 Chennai India 84 Mumbai India 85 Vancouver Canada 86 Kanazawa Japan 87 Ankara Türkiye 88 Lyon France 89 Zhenjiang China 90 Warsaw Poland 91 Daegu Republic of Korea 92 Austin, TX United States 93 Wuxi China 94 Fuzhou China 95 Ottawa Canada 96 Phoenix, AZ United States 97 Basel Switzerland/Germany/France 98 Göteborg Sweden 99 Hamburg Germany 100 Brisbane Australia
For ongoing work on assisting countries to measure and improve innovation at the sub-national level see the WIPO toolkit on "Enabling Innovation Measurement at the Sub-National Level " and the dedicated WIPO General Assemblies Side Event .