World Intellectual Property Report 2024

Acronyms

1G  

First-generation ethanol 

2G

Second-generation ethanol

3D

Three dimensions/dimensional

AATF

African Agricultural Technology Foundation

AGRA

Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa

AgTech

Agricultural technologies

AI

Artificial intelligence

AR

Augmented reality

ASTI

Agricultural Science and Technology Indicator

AV

Autonomous vehicles

B2B

Business-to-business

CD

Compact disc

CD-ROM

Compact disc – read-only memory

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIFOR-ICRAF

Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry

CIMMYT

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019

CRF

Coffee Research Foundation

EA

Electronic arts

e-bicycle

electric bicycle

ECI

Economic complexity indicator

EMBRAPA

Empresa Brasiliera de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)

EPO

European Patent Office

EU

European Union

EUR

Euro

EV

Electric vehicles

FAME

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles schemes in India

FAO

United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization

FAPESP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo Research Foundation)

FDI

Foreign direct investment

Gamedev

Game development

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GE

Genetically-engineered

GHG

Greenhouse gas

HHI

Herfindahl–Hirschman index

IAC

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (University of Agronomy in Campinas)

ICE

Internal combustion engine

ICT

Information and communication technology

IITA

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

ILRI

International Livestock Research Institute

IP

Intellectual property

IPC

International patent classification

IPR

Intellectual property right

ISAAA

International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications

IT

Information technology

JETRO

Japan External Trade Organization

J-LOD

Japan Content Localization and Distribution

KALRO

Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization

KARI

Kenya Agricultural Research Institute

KESREF

Kenya Sugar Research Foundation

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MITI

MITI Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MLN

Maize lethal necrosis

NES

Nintendo Entertainment System

NGO

Non-governmental organization

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

OBM

OBM Original brand manufacturers

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEM

Original equipment manufacturers

PATSTAT EPO

Worldwide Patent Statistical Database

PC

Personal Computer

PLANALSUCAR

Programa Nacional de Melhoramento da Cana-de-Açúcar (National Sugarcane Improvement Program)

PPP

Purchasing power parity

PSP

PlayStation Portable

R&D

Research and development

RCA

Relative comparative advantage

RIDESA

Rede Interuniversitária para o Desenvolvimento do Setor Sucroenergético (Interuniversity Network for the Development of the Sugar-Energy Sector)

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal

SEUL

Finnish E-Sports Federation

SMS

Short messaging services

STI

Science, technology and innovation

TRFK

Tea Research Foundation of Kenya

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

UN COMTRADE

United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UPOV

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plantsce Citation Index Expanded

US

United States of America

USD

USD United States’ Dollar

USDA

United States’ Department of Agriculture

VR

Virtual reality

WDI

World Bank World Development Indicators

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WoS SCIE 

Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded