This publication was prepared by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) under the direction of the External Relations Division, WIPO and the Global Health Unit, Global Challenges Division, WIPO.
The initial draft was prepared by Natalie Raffoul, P.Eng. (Electrical), J.D. (Law), Research Fellow, Managing Partner at BRION RAFFOUL LLP, with subsequent revisions by Amos Heng, Maria Annunziata Pignataro and Siddhartha Prakash.
WIPO wishes to express its gratitude to the following colleagues from WIPO who provided valuable input and support throughout the preparation of this publication: Ana Andrijevic, Emma Francis, Ryszard Frelek, Dalila Hamou, András Jókúti, Allison Mages, Michael Mbogoro, and Michele Woods.
Special appreciation is extended to the following experts from partner UN agencies for their contributions: World Health Organization (WHO): Richelle George, Kanika Kalra, Sameer Pujari, Rajeshwari Singh and Yu (Ursula) Zhao. International Telecommunication Union (ITU): Simao Campos and Eva Keller.
WIPO would also like to thank the following external experts who provided technical input, comments, and suggestions: Ayelet Berman, Honorary Affiliate, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, University of Singapore; Hassan Ghazal, Professor, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco, Laboratory of Precision Medicine and One Health, School of Medicine, University Mohammed VI of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco, Board member of the International Society for Telemedicine and eHealth; Cynthia M. Ho, Clifford E. Vickrey Research Professor and Director, Intellectual Property Program, Loyola University Chicago School of Law; International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA); Phoebe Li, Professor in Law and Technology; Director, Sussex Centre for Law and Technology, University of Sussex, UK; Claudia Seitz, Professor of Public Law, European Law, Public International Law and Life Sciences Law, Head of the Institute for European and International Law (IEIL), Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein (UFL); and Charlotte Tschider, Professor, Loyola University Chicago School of Law.
Thanks are due to Charlotte Beauchamp for coordination of the publication process, and to the Publications and Design team for their editorial and production support.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the WIPO Member States or the WIPO Secretariat.