| | G | PHYSICS |
| | | Note(s) - In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
- "variable" as a noun means a feature or property, e.g. a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour, which, in respect of a particular entity, e.g. an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light, and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes, e.g. the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes.
- Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used. Some appear in the notes of several of the classes in this section, see in particular the definition of "measuring" in class G01. Others appear in paragraph 187 of the Guide to the IPC, see in particular the definitions of "control" and "regulation".
- Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information, e.g. a set of figures, may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising covered by class G09, for enabling the result of a measurement to be known covered by class G01, for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point covered by class G08. The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g. in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure covered by subclass G01L or about some other condition linked to the pressure covered by another subclass of class G01, e.g. G01K for temperature, to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence covered by subclass G07C, to give an alarm covered by subclass G08B, or to control another apparatus covered by class G05.
- The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature, as indicated above, to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
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| | G11 | INFORMATION STORAGE |
| | G11B | INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer G01D 9/00; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another G06K 1/18; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver H04B 1/20; gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers or circuits therefor H04R) |
| | | Note(s) [7] - This subclass covers:
- recording or playback of information by relative movement between a record track and a transducer, the transducer directly producing, or being directly actuated by, modulation in the track being recorded or played-back, and the extent of modulation corresponding to the signal being recorded or played-back;
- apparatus and machines for recording or playback, and parts thereof, such as heads;
- record carriers for use with such apparatus and machines;
- associated working of other apparatus with such apparatus and machines.
- In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
- "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relatively to the record carrier;
- "head" includes any means for converting sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal electric wave-forms into variations of the physical condition of at least the adjacent surface of the record carrier, or vice versa;
- "near-field interaction" means a very short distance interaction using scanning-probe techniques, e.g. quasi- contact or evanescent contact between head and record carrier.
- Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "microstructural devices" and "microstructural systems".
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| | | Subclass index | |
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RECORDING OF ONE TYPE ASSOCIATED WITH REPRODUCING MEANS OF THE SAME TYPE | Of mechanical type | 3/00 | Of magnetical type | 5/00 | Of optical type | 7/00 | Of another type | 9/00 | RECORDING OF ONE TYPE AND ASSOCIATED REPRODUCING MEANS OF DIFFERENT TYPE | 11/00 | SIMULTANEOUS OR SELECTIVE RECORDING OF DIFFERENT TYPES; ASSOCIATED SIMULTANEOUS OR SELECTIVE REPRODUCING MEANS | 13/00 | SIGNAL PROCESSING NOT SPECIFIC TO THE METHOD OF RECORDING OR REPRODUCING | 20/00 | APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY THE SHAPE OF THE RECORD CARRIER | 25/00 | DETAILS; GENERAL FEATURES | Starting, stopping, driving | 15/00, 19/00 | Guiding | 17/00 | HEADS; RECORD CARRIERS | 21/00, 23/00 | ASSOCIATED WORKING WITH OTHER APPARATUS | 31/00 | EDITING, INDEXING, SYNCHRONISING, MONITORING | 27/00 | MANUFACTURING | 3/70, 5/84, 7/26 | OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL PARTS, DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES | 33/00 |
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| | G11C | STATIC STORES (semiconductor memory devices H10B) |
| | | Note(s) [2006.01] - This subclass covers devices or arrangements for storage of digital or analogue information:
- in which no relative movement takes place between an information storage element and a transducer;
- which incorporate a selecting-device for writing-in or reading-out the information into or from the store.
- This subclass does not cover elements not adapted for storage and not provided with such means as referred to in Note (3) below, which elements are classified in the appropriate subclass, e.g. of H01, H03K.
- In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:
- "storage element" is an element which can hold at least one item of information and is provided with means for writing-in or reading-out this information;
- "memory" is a device, including storage elements, which can hold information to be extracted when desired.
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| | | Subclass index | |
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WRITING OR READING INFORMATION | 7/00 | ADDRESS SELECTING | 8/00 | DIGITAL STORES CHARACTERISED BY THE TYPE OF ELEMENT | Electric, magnetic types; details thereof | 11/00, 5/00 | Mechanical types | 23/00 | Fluidic types | 25/00 | Other types | 13/00 | DIGITAL STORES CHARACTERISED BY BACK-UP MEANS | 14/00 | ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ-ONLY MEMORIES | 16/00 | DIGITAL STORES CHARACTERISED BY INFORMATION DISPLACEMENT | Shift; circulation | 19/00, 21/00 | STORES CHARACTERISED BY FUNCTION | Associative; analogue; for reading-out only | 15/00, 27/00, 17/00 | CHECKING OF STORES | 29/00 | SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00 |
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