CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Note(s) [2009.01]
- In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
- Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
- Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
- Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
- Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
- Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
- Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
- Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
- Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
- Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
- Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
- Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
- Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
- Metals: elements other than non-metals
- Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
- Section C covers :
- pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
- applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
- certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
- certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
- metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
- In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 18 groups as represented in the table below.
- In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
- In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
- There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
- Certain extractive processes, in subclass A61K;
- The chemical purification of air, in subclass A61L;
- Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass A62D;
- Chemical processes and apparatus, in class B01;
- Impregnation of wood, in subclass B27K;
- Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass G01N;
- Photographic materials and processes, in class G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
- In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
- When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
CHEMISTRY
GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
| Subclass index | |
|---|---|
| CHEMICAL COMPOSITION | |
| For glasses | 1/00, 3/00, 4/00, 6/00, 10/00-12/00 |
| For glazes, for vitreous enamels | 1/00, 8/00 |
| For devitrified glass ceramics | 10/00 |
| For fibres or filaments | 13/00 |
| For glass containing a non-glass component | 14/00 |
| SURFACE TREATMENTS | |
| By diffusion into the surface | 21/00 |
| By coating | 17/00 |
| Other treatments | 15/00, 19/00, 23/00 |
| Of fibres or filaments | 25/00 |
| JOINING | 27/00, 29/00 |
| GLASS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURE | 10/00-12/00, 14/00 |
Note(s) [4]
- In groups C03C 1/00-C03C 14/00, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
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Pretreated ingredients [2006.01]
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Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments [2006.01]
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to produce non-uniformly pigmented, e.g. speckled, marbled, or veined products [2006.01]
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to produce crackled effects [2006.01]
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to produce uniformly-coloured transparent products [2006.01]
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containing silica [2006.01]
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Note(s) [4]
- If silica is specified as being present in a percent range covered by two of the groups C03C 3/06, C03C 3/062 or C03C 3/076, classification is made in both groups. If the range is covered by the three groups, classification is made in group C03C 3/04 itself.
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with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz [2006.01]
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with less than 40% silica by weight [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing zinc [2006.01]
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containing rare earths [2006.01]
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containing lead [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing zinc [2006.01]
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with 40% to 90% silica by weight [2006.01]
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containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc [2006.01]
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containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound [2006.01]
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containing an oxide of a divalent metal [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing aluminium [2006.01]
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containing zinc or zirconium [2006.01]
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containing rare earths [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum [2006.01]
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containing lead [2006.01]
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containing aluminium [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing halogen or nitrogen [2006.01]
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containing fluorine [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing aluminium [2006.01]
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Silica-free oxide glass compositions [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing aluminium or beryllium [2006.01]
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containing rare earths [2006.01]
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containing zirconium, titanium, tantalum or niobium [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing aluminium or beryllium [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten or molybdenum [2006.01]
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containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron [2006.01]
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containing fluorine and phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing germanium [2006.01]
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Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides, or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium [2006.01]
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containing silicates, e.g. cullet [2006.01]
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containing uncombined silica, e.g. sand [2006.01]
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containing halogen compounds [2006.01]
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containing pellets or agglomerates [2006.01]
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Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form [2006.01]
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containing zinc [2006.01]
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containing halogen [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing lead [2006.01]
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containing titanium or zirconium [2006.01]
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with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip [2006.01]
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containing free metals [2006.01]
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containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds [2006.01]
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containing two or more distinct frits having different compositions [2006.01]
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Non-silica and non-silicate crystalline phase, e.g. spinel, barium titanate [2006.01]
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Silicate or polysilicate crystalline phase, e.g. mullite, diopside, sphene, plagioclase [2006.01]
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Divalent metal oxide aluminosilicate crystalline phase, e.g. anorthite, slagcerams [2006.01]
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Magnesium aluminosilicate, e.g. cordierite [2006.01]
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Alkali metal aluminosilicate crystalline phase [2006.01]
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Lithium aluminosilicate, e.g. spodumene, eucryptite [2006.01]
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Silica crystalline phase, e.g. stuffed quartz, cristobalite [2006.01]
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Halogen-containing crystalline phase [2006.01]
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Reflective beads [2006.01]
Fibre or filament compositions (manufacture of fibres or filaments C03B 37/00) [2006.01]
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containing compounds of titanium or zirconium [2006.01]
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Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions [2006.01]
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Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix (glass batch compositions C03C 6/00; devitrified glass-ceramics C03C 10/00) [2006.01]
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for making a smooth surface [2006.01]
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with metals (C03C 17/34, C03C 17/44 take precedence) [2006.01]
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by deposition from the vapour phase [2006.01]
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by deposition from the liquid phase [2006.01]
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Oxides (C03C 17/02 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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by deposition from the vapour phase [2006.01]
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by deposition from the liquid phase [2006.01]
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by oxidation of a coating previously applied [2006.01]
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with silicon-containing compounds [2006.01]
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with synthetic or natural resins (C03C 17/30 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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with at least two coatings having different compositions (C03C 17/44 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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at least one coating being a metal [2006.01]
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all coatings being metal coatings [2006.01]
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Lustring [2006.01]
Note(s) [2018.01]
- In groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/48, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
- A coating composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more constituents, is classified in the last of groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42 that provides for at least one of these constituents.
- When classifying in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42, any individual constituent, i.e. compound or ingredient of a coating composition, which is not identified by the classification according to Note (2), and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42.
- When classifying in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42, any individual constituent of a coating composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (2) or (3), and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of coating compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
- When classifying in groups C03C 25/1025-C03C 25/1095, the composition of the coatings must also be classified in one or more of groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/54, according to Notes (1) to (4).
- When classifying in group C03C 25/48, any individual coating which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious must also be classified in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42, according to Notes (1) to (4).
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Thermal treatment [2018.01]
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by mechanical means [2018.01]
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Impregnation by solution; Solution doping or molecular stuffing of porous glass [2018.01]
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Coating [2018.01]
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to obtain fibres used for reinforcing cement-based products [2018.01]
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to obtain optical fibres [2018.01]
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Organic claddings [2018.01]
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Single coatings [2018.01]
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Multiple coatings [2018.01]
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to obtain coated fabrics [2018.01]
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General methods of coating; Devices therefor [2006.01]
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Spraying [2018.01]
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onto continuous fibres [2018.01]
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onto fibres in suspension in a gaseous medium (C03C 25/143 takes precedence) [2018.01]
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Dipping [2006.01]
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Extrusion [2006.01]
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Contacting the fibres with applicators, e.g. rolls [2006.01]
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Deposition from the vapour phase [2018.01]
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by chemical vapour deposition or pyrolysis [2018.01]
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by sputtering [2018.01]
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Non-macromolecular compounds [2018.01]
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Oils, waxes, fats or derivatives thereof [2018.01]
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Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers [2018.01]
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Rubber latex [2018.01]
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obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [2018.01]
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Acrylic resins [2018.01]
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Polyolefins [2018.01]
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Polyfluoroolefins [2018.01]
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obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [2018.01]
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Starch; Starch derivatives [2018.01]
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Polyesters, e.g. alkyd resins [2018.01]
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Polycarbonates [2018.01]
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Polyureas; Polyurethanes [2018.01]
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Polyamides [2018.01]
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Condensation polymers of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas, melamines, amides or amines [2006.01]
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Epoxy resins [2006.01]
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Organo-metallic compounds [2006.01]
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Organo-silicon compounds [2006.01]
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Carbon, e.g. graphite [2006.01]
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Metals [2006.01]
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Coatings containing composite materials [2018.01]
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containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase [2018.01]
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containing colouring agents [2018.01]
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with two or more coatings having different compositions [2006.01]
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by diffusing ions or metals into the surface [2018.01]
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in the liquid phase, e.g. using solutions or molten salts [2018.01]
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to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions (C03C 25/605 takes precedence) [2018.01]
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under application of an electrical potential difference [2018.01]
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to introduce metals or metallic ions, e.g. silver or copper, into the glass [2018.01]
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in the gaseous phase [2018.01]
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in the solid phase, e.g. using pastes or powders [2018.01]
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by application of electric or wave energy (for drying or dehydration C03C 25/64); by particle radiation or ion implantation [2018.01]
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Electromagnetic waves [2018.01]
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Laser [2018.01]
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Microwaves [2018.01]
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Infrared [2018.01]
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Visible light [2018.01]
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Ultraviolet [2018.01]
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X-rays [2018.01]
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Gamma rays [2018.01]
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Particle radiation or ion implantation [2018.01]
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Electrons, protons or alpha particles [2018.01]
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Neutrons [2018.01]
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Atoms [2018.01]
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Ion implantation [2018.01]
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Plasma or corona discharge [2018.01]
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Drying; Dehydration; Dehydroxylation [2006.01]
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by etching [2006.01]
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Cleaning, e.g. for reuse (C03C 25/62-C03C 25/66 take precedence) [2006.01]
Note(s)
- Layered products classified in groups C03C 27/00 or C03C 29/00 are also classified in subclass B32B.
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with the aid of intervening metal [2006.01]
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with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose [2006.01]
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