G
PHYSICS

Note(s)

  • In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  • Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used. Some appear in the notes of several of the classes in this section, see in particular the definition of "measuring" in class G01. Others appear in paragaph 187 of the Guide to the IPC, see in particular the definitions of "control" and "regulation".
  • Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising ( G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known ( G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point ( G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure ( G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence ( G07C), to give an alarm ( G08B), or to control another apparatus ( G05).
    • The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
INSTRUMENTS
G08
SIGNALLING
G08B
SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS

Note(s)

  • This subclass covers also means for identifying or incapacitating burglars or the like.
  • This subclass does not cover:
    • the mere provision of an audible or visible signalling device on measuring or switching apparatus;
    • alarm systems for indicating that a specific variable has exceeded, or fallen below, a predetermined value, which are covered by the relevant subclasses of class G01 for the measurement of that variable.
    • alarms for specific processes or types of machines or apparatus, which are covered by the relevant subclasses for the processes, machines, or apparatus.
  • In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "systems" may cover also devices peculiar thereto.
Subclass index
SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS
Characterised by the transmission of the signal 1/00
Characterised by the nature of the indication: audible; visible; tactile; combined 3/00, 5/00, 6/00, 7/00
ORDER TELEGRAPHS 9/00
ALARM SYSTEMS
Responsive to an unspecified condition 23/00
Responsive to two or more different conditions 19/00
Responsive to one specified condition: intrusion; fire; other 13/00, 15/00, 17/00, 21/00
With transmission from or to a central station 25/00, 26/00, 27/00
Predictive alarm systems 31/00
CHECKING, MONITORING 29/00
G08B 1/00
Systems for signalling characterised solely by the form of transmission of the signal [2006.01]
G08B 1/02
using only mechanical transmission [2006.01]
G08B 1/04
using hydraulic transmission; using pneumatic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 1/06
hydraulic only [2006.01]
G08B 1/08
using electric transmission [2006.01]
G08B 3/00
Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems [2006.01]
G08B 3/02
using only mechanical transmission [2006.01]
G08B 3/06
using hydraulic transmission; using pneumatic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 3/10
using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 3/14
using explosives [2006.01]
G08B 5/00
Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied [2006.01]
G08B 5/02
using only mechanical transmission [2006.01]
G08B 5/06
using hydraulic transmission; using pneumatic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 5/14
with indicator element moving about a pivot, e.g. hinged flap or rotating vane [2006.01]
G08B 5/16
with reset means necessitating a separate operation to return the indicator element [2006.01]
G08B 5/18
with indicator element moving rectilinearly [2006.01]
G08B 5/20
with reset means necessitating a separate operation to return the indicator element [2006.01]
G08B 5/22
using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 5/24
with indicator element moving about a pivot, e.g. hinged flap or rotating vane [2006.01]
G08B 5/26
with reset means necessitating a separate operation to return the indicator element [2006.01]
G08B 5/28
with hinged flap or arm [2006.01]
G08B 5/30
with rotating or oscillating members, e.g. vanes [2006.01]
G08B 5/32
with indicator element moving rectilinearly [2006.01]
G08B 5/34
with reset means necessitating a separate operation to return the indicator element [2006.01]
G08B 5/36
using visible light sources [2006.01]
G08B 5/38
using flashing light [2006.01]
G08B 5/40
using smoke, fire or coloured gases [2006.01]
G08B 6/00
Tactile signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems [2006.01]
G08B 7/00
Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B 3/00-G08B 6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B 3/00-G08B 6/00 [2006.01]
G08B 7/02
using mechanical transmission [2006.01]
G08B 7/04
using hydraulic transmission; using pneumatic transmission [2006.01]
G08B 7/06
using electric transmission [2006.01]
G08B 7/08
using explosives [2006.01]
G08B 9/00
Order telegraph apparatus, i.e. means for transmitting one of a finite number of different orders at the discretion of the user, e.g. bridge to engine room orders in ships [2006.01]
G08B 9/02
Details [2006.01]
G08B 9/04
Means for recording operation of the apparatus [2006.01]
G08B 9/06
Means for indicating disagreement between orders given and those carried out [2006.01]
G08B 9/08
mechanical [2006.01]
G08B 9/10
using ratchet [2006.01]
G08B 9/12
using rotary shaft [2006.01]
G08B 9/14
hydraulic; pneumatic [2006.01]
G08B 9/16
using ratchet [2006.01]
G08B 9/18
by varying displacement of the fluid [2006.01]
G08B 9/20
by varying pressure of the fluid [2006.01]
G08B 13/00
Burglar, theft or intruder alarms [2006.01]
G08B 13/02
Mechanical actuation [2006.01]
G08B 13/04
by breaking of glass [2006.01]
G08B 13/06
by tampering with fastening [2006.01]
G08B 13/08
by opening, e.g. of door, of window, of drawer, of shutter, of curtain, of blind [2006.01]
G08B 13/10
by pressure on floors, floor coverings, stair treads, counters, or tills [2006.01]
G08B 13/12
by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires [2006.01]
G08B 13/14
by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles [2006.01]
G08B 13/16
Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid [2006.01]
G08B 13/18
Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength [2006.01]
G08B 13/181
using active radiation detection systems [2006.01]
G08B 13/183
by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier [2006.01]
G08B 13/184
using radiation reflectors [2006.01]
G08B 13/186
using light guides, e.g. optical fibres [2006.01]
G08B 13/187
by interference of a radiation field [2006.01]
G08B 13/189
using passive radiation detection systems [2006.01]
G08B 13/19
using infra-red-radiation detection systems [2006.01]
G08B 13/191
using pyroelectric sensor means [2006.01]
G08B 13/193
using focusing means [2006.01]
G08B 13/194
using image scanning and comparing systems [2006.01]
G08B 13/196
using television cameras [2006.01]
G08B 13/20
Actuation by change of fluid pressure [2006.01]
G08B 13/22
Electrical actuation [2006.01]
G08B 13/24
by interference with electromagnetic field distribution [2006.01]
G08B 13/26
by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit [2006.01]
G08B 15/00
Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives [2006.01]
G08B 15/02
with smoke, gas, or coloured or odorous powder or liquid [2006.01]
G08B 17/00
Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion [2006.01]
G08B 17/02
Mechanical actuation of the alarm, e.g. by the breaking of a wire [2006.01]
G08B 17/04
Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of the alarm, e.g. by change of fluid pressure [2006.01]
G08B 17/06
Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch [2006.01]
G08B 17/08
Actuation involving the use of explosive means [2006.01]
G08B 17/10
Actuation by presence of smoke or gases [2006.01]
G08B 17/103
using a light emitting and receiving device [2006.01]
G08B 17/107
for detecting light-scattering due to smoke [2006.01]
G08B 17/11
using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas [2006.01]
G08B 17/113
Constructional details [2006.01]
G08B 17/117
by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire (G08B 17/103, G08B 17/11 take precedence) [2006.01]
G08B 17/12
Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infra-red radiation or of ions [2006.01]
G08B 19/00
Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow [2006.01]
G08B 19/02
Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice [2006.01]
G08B 21/00
Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for [2006.01]
G08B 21/02
Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons [2006.01]
G08B 21/04
responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons (G08B 21/06 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G08B 21/06
indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms [2006.01]
G08B 21/08
responsive to the presence of persons in a body of water, e.g. a swimming pool; responsive to an abnormal condition of a body of water [2006.01]
G08B 21/10
responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes [2006.01]
G08B 21/12
responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms [2006.01]
G08B 21/14
Toxic gas alarms (G08B 21/16 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G08B 21/16
Combustible gas alarms [2006.01]
G08B 21/18
Status alarms (G08B 21/02 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G08B 21/20
responsive to moisture [2006.01]
G08B 21/22
responsive to presence or absence of persons [2006.01]
G08B 21/24
Reminder alarms, e.g. anti-loss alarms [2006.01]
G08B 23/00
Alarms responsive to unspecified undesired or abnormal conditions [2006.01]
G08B 25/00
Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems [2006.01]
G08B 25/01
characterised by the transmission medium [2006.01]
G08B 25/04
using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop [2006.01]
G08B 25/06
using power transmission lines [2006.01]
G08B 25/08
using communication transmission lines [2006.01]
G08B 25/10
using wireless transmission systems [2006.01]
G08B 25/12
Manually actuated calamity alarm transmitting arrangements [2006.01]
G08B 25/14
Central alarm receiver or annunciator arrangements [2006.01]
G08B 26/00
Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station [2006.01]
G08B 27/00
Alarm systems in which the alarm condition is signalled from a central station to a plurality of substations [2006.01]
G08B 29/00
Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation [2006.01]
G08B 29/02
Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems [2006.01]
G08B 29/04
Monitoring of the detection circuits [2006.01]
G08B 29/06
Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults [2006.01]
G08B 29/08
Signalling of tampering with the line circuit [2006.01]
G08B 29/10
Monitoring of the annunciator circuits [2006.01]
G08B 29/12
Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems [2006.01]
G08B 29/14
checking the detection circuits [2006.01]
G08B 29/16
Security signalling or alarm systems, e.g. redundant systems [2006.01]
G08B 29/18
Prevention or correction of operating errors (G08B 29/02, G08B 29/12 take precedence) [2006.01]
G08B 29/20
Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements [2006.01]
G08B 29/22
Provisions facilitating manual calibration, e.g. input or output provisions for testing; Holding of intermittent values to permit measurement [2006.01]
G08B 29/24
Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components [2006.01]
G08B 29/26
by updating and storing reference thresholds [2006.01]
G08B 29/28
by changing the gain of an amplifier [2006.01]
G08B 31/00
Predictive alarm systems characterised by extrapolation or other computation using updated historic data [2006.01]