G
PHYSICS

Note(s)

  • In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  • Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used. Some appear in the notes of several of the classes in this section, see in particular the definition of "measuring" in class G01. Others appear in paragaph 187 of the Guide to the IPC, see in particular the definitions of "control" and "regulation".
  • Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising ( G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known ( G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point ( G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure ( G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence ( G07C), to give an alarm ( G08B), or to control another apparatus ( G05).
    • The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
INSTRUMENTS
G05
CONTROLLING; REGULATING

Note(s)

  • This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling, in general.
  • Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".
G05D
SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES (for continuous casting of metals B22D 11/16; valves per se F16K; sensing non-electric variables, see the relevant subclasses of G01; for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F)

Note(s) [2006.01]

Subclass index
CONTROL OF: SPEED OR ACCELERATION; FORCE; PRESSURE; POWER; MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS 13/00, 15/00, 16/00, 17/00, 19/00
CONTROL OF: FLOW; LEVEL; RATIO 7/00, 9/00, 11/00
CONTROL OF: TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; VISCOSITY; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL VARIABLES; LIGHT INTENSITY 23/00, 22/00, 24/00, 21/00, 25/00
CONTROL OF: POSITION, DIRECTION, DIMENSIONS 1/00-5/00
SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL OF TWO OR MORE VARIABLES 27/00, 29/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS 99/00
G05D 1/00
Control of position, course, altitude, or attitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot (radio navigation systems or analogous systems using other waves G01S) [2006.01]
G05D 1/02
•
Control of position or course in two dimensions [2006.01]
G05D 1/03
•
•
using near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive-loop type [2006.01]
G05D 1/04
•
Control of altitude or depth [2006.01]
G05D 1/06
•
•
Rate of change of altitude or depth [2006.01]
G05D 1/08
•
Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw [2006.01]
G05D 1/10
•
Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions (G05D 1/12 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G05D 1/12
•
Target-seeking control [2006.01]
G05D 3/00
Control of position or direction (G05D 1/00 takes precedence; for numerical control G05B 19/18) [2006.01]
G05D 3/10
•
without using feedback [2006.01]
G05D 3/12
•
using feedback [2006.01]
G05D 3/14
•
•
using an analogue comparing device [2006.01]
G05D 3/16
•
•
•
whose output amplitude can only take a number of discrete values (G05D 3/18 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G05D 3/18
•
•
•
delivering a series of pulses [2006.01]
G05D 3/20
•
•
using a digital comparing device [2006.01]
G05D 5/00
Control of dimensions of material [2006.01]
G05D 5/02
•
of thickness, e.g. of rolled material [2006.01]
G05D 5/03
•
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 5/04
•
of the size of items, e.g. of particles [2006.01]
G05D 5/06
•
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 7/00
Control of flow (level control G05D 9/00; ratio control G05D 11/00; weighing apparatus G01G) [2006.01]
G05D 7/01
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 7/03
•
with auxiliary non-electric power [2006.01]
G05D 7/06
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 9/00
Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel [2006.01]
G05D 9/02
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 9/04
•
with auxiliary non-electric power [2006.01]
G05D 9/12
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 11/00
Ratio control (control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value, G05D 21/00; humidity control G05D 22/00; control of viscosity G05D 24/00) [2006.01]
G05D 11/02
•
Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material [2006.01]
G05D 11/03
•
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 11/035
•
•
with auxiliary non-electric power [2006.01]
G05D 11/04
•
•
•
by sensing weight of individual components, e.g. gravimetric procedure [2006.01]
G05D 11/06
•
•
•
by sensing density of mixture, e.g. using aerometer [2006.01]
G05D 11/08
•
•
•
by sensing concentration of mixture, e.g. by measuring pH-value [2006.01]
G05D 11/10
•
•
•
•
by sensing moisture of non-aqueous liquids [2006.01]
G05D 11/12
•
•
•
by sensing viscosity of mixture [2006.01]
G05D 11/13
•
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 11/16
•
Controlling mixing ratio of fluids having different temperatures, e.g. by sensing the temperature of a mixture of fluids having different viscosities [2006.01]
G05D 13/00
Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover (synchronising telegraph receiver and transmitter H04L 7/00) [2006.01]
G05D 13/02
•
Details [2006.01]
G05D 13/04
•
•
providing for emergency tripping of an engine in case of exceeding maximum speed [2006.01]
G05D 13/06
•
•
providing for damping of erratic vibrations in governors [2006.01]
G05D 13/08
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 13/10
•
•
Centrifugal governors with fly-weights [2006.01]
G05D 13/12
•
•
•
Details [2006.01]
G05D 13/14
•
•
•
•
Fly-weights; Mountings thereof; Adjusting equipment for limits, e.g. temporarily [2006.01]
G05D 13/16
•
•
•
•
Risers; Transmission gear therefor; Restoring mechanisms therefor [2006.01]
G05D 13/18
•
•
•
counterbalanced by spider springs acting immediately upon the fly-weights [2006.01]
G05D 13/20
•
•
•
counterbalanced by spider springs acting upon the articulated riser [2006.01]
G05D 13/22
•
•
•
counterbalanced by fluid pressure acting upon the articulated riser [2006.01]
G05D 13/24
•
•
•
counterbalanced by two or more different appliances acting simultaneously upon the riser, e.g. with both spring force and fluid pressure, with both spring force and electromagnetic force [2006.01]
G05D 13/26
•
•
•
with provision for modulating the degree of non-uniformity of speed [2006.01]
G05D 13/28
•
•
•
with provision for performing braking effects in case of increased speed [2006.01]
G05D 13/30
•
•
Governors characterised by fluid features in which the speed of a shaft is converted into fluid pressure (transducers converting variations of physical quantities into fluid-pressure variations F15B 5/00) [2006.01]
G05D 13/32
•
•
•
using a pump [2006.01]
G05D 13/34
•
with auxiliary non-electric power (fluid-pressure converters F15B 3/00) [2006.01]
G05D 13/36
•
•
using regulating devices with proportional band, i.e. P. regulating devices [2006.01]
G05D 13/38
•
•
•
involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type [2006.01]
G05D 13/40
•
•
•
involving centrifugal governors of pump type [2006.01]
G05D 13/42
•
•
•
involving fluid governors of flow-controller type, i.e. the width of liquid flow being controlled by fly-weights [2006.01]
G05D 13/44
•
•
•
involving fluid governors of jet type [2006.01]
G05D 13/46
•
•
using regulating devices with proportional band and integral action, i.e. P.I. regulating devices [2006.01]
G05D 13/48
•
•
•
involving resilient restoring mechanisms [2006.01]
G05D 13/50
•
•
•
involving connecting means for superimposing a proportional regulating device and an integral regulating device [2006.01]
G05D 13/52
•
•
using regulating devices with proportional band and derivative action, i.e. P.D. regulating devices [2006.01]
G05D 13/54
•
•
•
involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type exerting an acceleratory effect [2006.01]
G05D 13/56
•
•
•
involving restoring mechanisms exerting a delay effect [2006.01]
G05D 13/58
•
•
•
involving means for connecting a speed- regulating device and an acceleration- regulating device [2006.01]
G05D 13/60
•
•
using regulating devices with proportional band, derivative, and integral action, i.e. P.I.D. regulating devices [2006.01]
G05D 13/62
•
characterised by the use of electric means, e.g. use of a tachometric dynamo, use of a transducer converting an electric value into a displacement [2006.01]
G05D 13/64
•
Compensating the speed difference between engines meshing by a differential gearing or the speed difference between a controlling shaft and a controlled shaft [2006.01]
G05D 13/66
•
Governor units providing for co-operation with control dependent upon a variable other than speed [2006.01]
G05D 15/00
Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure [2006.01]
G05D 15/01
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 16/00
Control of fluid pressure [2006.01]
G05D 16/02
•
Modifications to reduce the effects of instability, e.g. due to vibrations, friction, abnormal temperature, overloading, unbalance (vibration-dampers F16F 7/00) [2006.01]
G05D 16/04
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 16/06
•
•
the sensing element being a flexible member yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule [2006.01]
G05D 16/08
•
•
•
Control of liquid pressure [2006.01]
G05D 16/10
•
•
the sensing element being a piston or plunger [2006.01]
G05D 16/12
•
•
the sensing element being a float [2006.01]
G05D 16/14
•
with auxiliary non-electric power [2006.01]
G05D 16/16
•
•
derived from the controlled fluid [2006.01]
G05D 16/18
•
•
derived from an external source [2006.01]
G05D 16/20
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 17/00
Control of torque; Control of mechanical power [2006.01]
G05D 17/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 19/00
Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency, of phase [2006.01]
G05D 19/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 21/00
Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value [2006.01]
G05D 21/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 22/00
Control of humidity [2006.01]
G05D 22/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 23/00
Control of temperature (automatic switching arrangements for electric heating apparatus H05B 1/02) [2006.01]
G05D 23/01
•
without auxiliary power [2006.01]
G05D 23/02
•
•
with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature (G05D 23/13 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G05D 23/08
•
•
•
with bimetallic element (arrangement of valves and flow lines specially adapted for mixing fluid F16K 11/00) [2006.01]
G05D 23/10
•
•
•
•
with snap-action elements (for valves F16K 31/56) [2006.01]
G05D 23/12
•
•
with sensing element responsive to pressure or volume changes in a confined fluid [2006.01]
G05D 23/13
•
•
by varying the mixing ratio of two fluids having different temperatures [2006.01]
G05D 23/185
•
with auxiliary non-electric power [2006.01]
G05D 23/19
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 23/20
•
•
with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature (G05D 23/13 takes precedence) [2006.01]
G05D 23/22
•
•
•
the sensing element being a thermocouple [2006.01]
G05D 23/24
•
•
•
the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor [2006.01]
G05D 23/26
•
•
•
the sensing element having a permeability varying with temperature [2006.01]
G05D 23/27
•
•
with sensing element responsive to radiation [2006.01]
G05D 23/275
•
•
with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature [2006.01]
G05D 23/30
•
•
Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature (automatic controllers in general and not restricted to control of temperature G05B) [2006.01]
G05D 23/32
•
•
•
with provision for adjustment of the effect of the auxiliary heating device, e.g. as a function of time [2006.01]
G05D 24/00
Control of viscosity [2006.01]
G05D 24/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 25/00
Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour, phase (mechanically operable parts of lighting devices for the control of light F21V; optical devices or arrangements using movable or deformable elements for controlling light independent of the light source G02B 26/00; devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or arrangements for the control of light, circuit arrangements specially adapted therefor, control of light by electro-magnetic waves, electrons or other elementary particles G02F 1/00) [2006.01]
G05D 25/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 27/00
Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D 1/00-G05D 25/00 [2006.01]
G05D 27/02
•
characterised by the use of electric means [2006.01]
G05D 29/00
Simultaneous control of electric and non-electric variables [2006.01]
G05D 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [2006.01]