CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Note(s) [2009.01]
- In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
- Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
- Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
- Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
- Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
- Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
- Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
- Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
- Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
- Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
- Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
- Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
- Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
- Metals: elements other than non-metals
- Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
- Section C covers :
- pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
- applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
- certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
- certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
- metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
- In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 18 groups as represented in the table below.
- In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
- In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
- There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
- Certain extractive processes, in subclass A61K;
- The chemical purification of air, in subclass A61L;
- Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass A62D;
- Chemical processes and apparatus, in class B01;
- Impregnation of wood, in subclass B27K;
- Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass G01N;
- Photographic materials and processes, in class G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
- In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
- When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
CHEMISTRY
DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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for sealing or packing joints or covers [2006.01]
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for stopping leaks, e.g. in radiators or in tanks [2006.01]
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as substitutes for glycerol in its non-chemical uses, e.g. as a base in toilet creams or ointments [2006.01]
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for dust-laying or dust-absorbing [2006.01]
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for simulating ice or snow [2006.01]
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for aerosols [2006.01]
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the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa [2006.01]
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the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice-versa [2006.01]
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Non-reversible chemical reactions [2006.01]
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Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids [2006.01]
Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations [2006.01]
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Well-drilling compositions [2006.01]
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Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions [2006.01]
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Organic additives [2006.01]
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Aqueous well-drilling compositions [2006.01]
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containing inorganic compounds only, e.g. mixtures of clay and salt [2006.01]
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Clay-free compositions (containing inorganic compounds only C09K 8/05) [2006.01]
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containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof [2006.01]
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Cellulose or derivatives thereof [2006.01]
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containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors [2006.01]
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Clay-containing compositions (containing inorganic compounds only C09K 8/05) [2006.01]
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characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay [2006.01]
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characterised by the organic compounds [2006.01]
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Natural organic compounds or derivatives thereof, e.g. polysaccharides or lignin derivatives [2006.01]
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Synthetic organic compounds [2006.01]
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Polymers [2006.01]
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Oil-in-water emulsions [2006.01]
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containing organic additives [2006.01]
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Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based [2006.01]
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Organic liquids [2006.01]
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Water-in-oil emulsions [2006.01]
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Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions [2006.01]
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Spacer compositions, e.g. compositions used to separate well-drilling from cementing masses [2006.01]
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Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells (compositions for plastering borehole walls C09K 8/50) [2006.01]
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containing organic binders only [2006.01]
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containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement [2006.01]
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containing additives for specific purposes [2006.01]
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Density reducing additives, e.g. for obtaining foamed cement compositions [2006.01]
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Density increasing or weighting additives [2006.01]
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Fluid loss control additives; Additives for reducing or preventing circulation loss [2006.01]
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Additives for reducing or preventing gas migration [2006.01]
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Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls [2006.01]
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Oil-based compositions [2006.01]
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Compositions based on water or polar solvents (C09K 8/502 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds [2006.01]
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macromolecular compounds [2006.01]
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containing cross-linking agents [2006.01]
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of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose (C09K 8/512 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material [2006.01]
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Foams [2006.01]
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Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning [2006.01]
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organic depositions, e.g. paraffins or asphaltenes [2006.01]
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inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates [2006.01]
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Sulfur [2006.01]
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characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material [2006.01]
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Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells [2006.01]
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Compositions for consolidating loose sand or the like around wells without excessively decreasing the permeability thereof [2006.01]
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Oil-based compositions [2006.01]
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Compositions based on water or polar solvents (C09K 8/565 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds [2006.01]
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Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids [2006.01]
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characterised by the use of bacteria [2006.01]
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characterised by the use of specific surfactants [2006.01]
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characterised by the use of specific polymers [2006.01]
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Compositions used in combination with generated heat, e.g. by steam injection [2006.01]
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Compositions used in combination with injected gas (C09K 8/592 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation [2006.01]
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Compositions for forming crevices or fractures [2006.01]
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Oil-based compositions [2006.01]
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Compositions based on water or polar solvents (C09K 8/64 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds [2006.01]
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characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams [2006.01]
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Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids [2006.01]
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combined with additives added for specific purposes [2006.01]
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for preventing or reducing fluid loss [2006.01]
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for preventing sealing [2006.01]
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Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open [2006.01]
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Oil-based compositions (C09K 8/64 takes precedence) [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds [2006.01]
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macromolecular compounds [2006.01]
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of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose [2006.01]
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Foams [2006.01]
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containing natural or artificial radioactive elements or unspecified radioactive elements [2006.01]
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having chemically-interreactive components, e.g. reactive chemiluminescent compositions [2006.01]
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Note(s) [4]
- In groups C09K 11/54-C09K 11/89, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, materials are classified in the last appropriate place; however, activating constituents of the luminescent materials are disregarded for classification purposes.
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containing zinc or cadmium [2006.01]
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containing beryllium, magnesium, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals [2006.01]
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containing sulfur [2006.01]
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containing manganese or rhenium [2006.01]
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containing copper, silver or gold [2006.01]
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containing silicon [2006.01]
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containing iron, cobalt or nickel [2006.01]
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containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unspecified halogen elements [2006.01]
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containing gallium, indium or thallium [2006.01]
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containing boron [2006.01]
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containing aluminium [2006.01]
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containing carbon [2006.01]
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containing germanium, tin or lead [2006.01]
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containing refractory metals [2006.01]
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containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2006.01]
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containing vanadium [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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also containing alkaline earth metals [2006.01]
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also containing halogen, e.g. halophosphates [2006.01]
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also containing alkaline earth metals [2006.01]
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containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth [2006.01]
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containing antimony [2006.01]
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also containing phosphorus and halogen, e.g. halophosphates [2006.01]
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containing rare earth metals [2006.01]
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containing oxygen [2006.01]
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containing silicon [2006.01]
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containing aluminium or gallium [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing vanadium [2006.01]
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containing vanadium and phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing sulfur, e.g. oxysulfides [2006.01]
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containing halogen [2006.01]
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containing oxygen and halogen, e.g. oxyhalides [2006.01]
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containing platinum group metals [2006.01]
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containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements [2006.01]
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containing mercury [2006.01]
Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions [2006.01]
Note(s) [2]
- In groups C09K 13/02-C09K 13/12, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a composition is classified in the last appropriate place.
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containing an alkali metal hydroxide [2006.01]
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containing an inorganic acid [2006.01]
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containing a fluorine compound [2006.01]
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containing a boron compound [2006.01]
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containing heavy metal salts in an amount of at least 50% of the non-solvent components [2006.01]
Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change [2006.01]
Note(s) [2]
- In groups C09K 15/02-C09K 15/34, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a composition is classified in the last appropriate place.
- In groups C09K 15/02-C09K 15/34, a metal salt of an organic compound is classified as that compound.
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containing inorganic compounds [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds [2006.01]
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containing oxygen [2006.01]
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containing a phenol or quinone moiety [2006.01]
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containing sulfur [2006.01]
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containing sulfur and oxygen [2006.01]
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containing a phenol or quinone moiety [2006.01]
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containing nitrogen [2006.01]
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containing an amine or imine moiety [2006.01]
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containing nitrogen and oxygen [2006.01]
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containing an amide or imide moiety [2006.01]
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containing a phenol or quinone moiety [2006.01]
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containing nitrogen and sulfur [2006.01]
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containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur [2006.01]
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containing heterocyclic ring with at least one nitrogen atom as ring member [2006.01]
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containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal [2006.01]
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Note(s) [6]
- This group covers mixtures of soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials with fertilisers characterised by their soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising activity.
- This group does not cover mixtures of soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials with fertilisers characterised by their fertilising activity which are covered by subclass C05G.
- For the purpose of classification in this group, the presence of fertilisers in the composition is not taken into account.
- In groups C09K 17/02-C09K 17/40, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, materials are classified in the last appropriate place.
- In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups C09K 101/00-C09K 109/00.
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containing inorganic compounds only [2006.01]
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applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases [2006.01]
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Calcium compounds, e.g. lime [2006.01]
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Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide [2006.01]
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Cements, e.g. Portland cement [2006.01]
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Water-soluble silicates, e.g. waterglass [2006.01]
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containing organic compounds only [2006.01]
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applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules [2006.01]
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Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds [2006.01]
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Vinyl polymers [2006.01]
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Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates [2006.01]
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Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones [2006.01]
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Phenol-aldehyde condensation polymers [2006.01]
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Urea-aldehyde condensation polymers [2006.01]
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Polyisocyanates; Polyurethanes [2006.01]
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Compounds having one or more carbon-to-silicon linkages [2006.01]
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Siloxanes [2006.01]
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containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds [2006.01]
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Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators [2006.01]
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the inorganic compound being cement [2006.01]
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the inorganic compound being a water-soluble silicate [2006.01]
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Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts [2006.01]
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the organic compound being of natural origin, e.g. cellulose derivatives [2006.01]
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Mulches [2006.01]
Note(s) [4]
- In groups C09K 19/02-C09K 19/52, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, materials are classified in the last appropriate place.
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characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general [2006.01]
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characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components [2006.01]
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Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds [2006.01]
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containing at least two non-condensed rings [2006.01]
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containing at least two benzene rings [2006.01]
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at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls [2006.01]
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linked by a carbon chain [2006.01]
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the chain containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. stilbenes [2006.01]
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the chain containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds, e.g. tolans [2006.01]
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linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters [2006.01]
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linked by a chain containing carbon and nitrogen atoms as chain links, e.g. Schiff bases [2006.01]
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linked by a chain containing nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds [2006.01]
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Azoxy compounds [2006.01]
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linked by a chain containing carbon and sulfur atoms as chain links, e.g. thioesters [2006.01]
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containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings [2006.01]
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containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems [2006.01]
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containing at least one heterocyclic ring [2006.01]
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Steroidal liquid crystal compounds [2006.01]
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Polymers, e.g. polyamides [2006.01]
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containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals [2006.01]
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Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K 19/06-C09K 19/40 [2006.01]
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Note(s) [4]
- This group does not cover mixtures containing two or more liquid crystal compounds covered individually by the same one of groups C09K 19/04-C09K 19/40 which are classified only in that group.
- If liquid crystal components of the mixtures classified in this group are of interest as such, they are also classified according to the compounds in groups C09K 19/04-C09K 19/40.
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containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked [2006.01]
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containing esters [2006.01]
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containing Schiff bases [2006.01]
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containing steroidal liquid crystal compounds [2006.01]
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characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives [2006.01]
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Additives having no specific mesophase [2006.01]
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Aligning agents [2006.01]
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Dopants or charge transfer agents [2006.01]
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Pleochroic dyes [2006.01]
Note(s) [4]
- In groups C09K 21/02-C09K 21/14, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, materials are classified in the last appropriate place.
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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containing halogen [2006.01]
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containing nitrogen [2006.01]
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containing phosphorus [2006.01]
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Indexing scheme associated with group C09K 17/00, relating to the use or the intended effect of the soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials. [6]
Agricultural use [2006.01]
Civil engineering use [2006.01]
Erosion prevention [2006.01]
Impermeabilisation [2006.01]
pH regulation [2006.01]