Titre 30 JUIN 1994. - Loi relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins.
Dossier numéro : 1994-06-30/35
Note Modifié par ARRETE ROYA L du 22-12-2017 publié le 29-12-2017
Art. 41-43; 22,§1,4°,4°bis; 22bis,§1,Ll,1°,2°; 59-61 En vigueur jusqu'au 01-01-2018
Table des matières Il Texte Il Début1 1 CHAPITRE 1. Section 1. Art. 1-7 Section 2. Art. 8 Section 3. Art. 9-13 Section 4. Art. 14-20 Section 4bis. Art. 20bis,20ter,20quater Section 5. - Exceptions aux droits. Art. 21-22,22bis,23,23bis Section 6. Art. 24 Section 7. Art. 25-30 Section 8. Art. 31-32 CHAPITRE II. Section 1. Art. 33 Section 2. Art. 34-38 Section 3. Art. 39 Section 4. Art. 40 Section 5. - Dispositions communes relatives aux artistes-interprètes ou exécutants et aux producteurs. Art. 41-43 Section 6. Art. 44-45 Section 7. Art. 46-47,47bis CHAPITRE III. Section 1. Art. 48-50
Section 2. Art. 51-54 CHAPITRE IV. Art. 55,55bis,56-58 CHAPITRE V. - (De la reproduction dans un but privé ou à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement ou de recherche scientifique) des oeuvres fixées sur un support graphique ou analogue. <L 1998-08-31/41, art. 27,003; ED: 14-11-1998> Art. 59-60,60bis,61 CHAPITRE Vbis. Art. 61bis,61ter,61quater CHAPITRE VI. Art. 62-64 CHAPITRE VII. Art. 65,65bis,65ter,65quater,65quinquies,65sexies,66,66bis,66ter,66quater,66quinquies,66sexies, 67,67bis,68,68bis,68ter,68quater,69,69bis,70-75,75bis,76,76bis,76ter,77,77bis,77ter,77quater, 77quinquies,78,78bis,78ter CHAPITRE VIII. Section 1. Art. 79 Section lerbis. Art. 79bis,79ter Section 2. Art. 80-86 Section 3. Art. 86bis,86ter,87 Section 3bis. Art. 87bis Section 4. Art. 88 Section 5. Art. 89-90 Section 6. Art. 91 Section 7. - Entrée en vigueur. Art. 92 .(NOTES modifiatives). Art. M
Texte Table des matières Il DébutIl CHAPITRE 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Article 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. l. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 3_. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. �- <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. S.
<Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. �- <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. _8. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 3. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. _2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 10. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 11. <Abrogé par AR 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; En vigueur: 01-07-2015> Art. 12. <Abrogé par AR 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; En vigueur: 01-07-2015> Art. 13. <Abrogé par AR 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; En vigueur: 01-07-2015> Section 4. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 14. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 15. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 16. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 17. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 18. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 19. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 20. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 4bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 20bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 20ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 20guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 5. - Exceptions aux droits. Art. 21. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 22. § 1. [3 •••]3
10 [3 ...]3 20 [3 •••]3 30 [3 ...]3 4° (la reproduction fragmentaire ou intégrale d'articles ou d'oeuvres plastiques ou celle de courts
fragments d'autres oeuvres fixées sur un support graphique ou analogue,lorsque cette reproduction est effectuée dans un but strictement privé et ne porte pas préjudice à l'exploitation normale de l'oeuvre;) < L 1998-08-31/41,art. 20; 003; ED: 14-11-1998> (4°bis. la reproduction fragmentaire ou intégrale d'articles ou d'oeuvres plastiques ou celle de courts
fragments d'autres oeuvres fixées sur un support graphique ou analogue lorsque cette reproduction est effectuée à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement ou de recherche scientifique dans la mesure justifiée par le but non lucratif poursuivi et ne porte pas préjudice à l'exploitation normale de l'oeuvre;)e< L 1998- 08-31/41,art. 20,003; ED: 14-11-1998>
(NOTE: Le 4°bis a été remplacé par L 2008-12-22/33, art. 83, 013; ED: 29-12-2008> Mais par son arrêt n° 69/2009 du 23-04-2009 (M.B. 27-04-2009, p. 32970-32972), la Cour
Constitutionnelle a suspendu l'article 83 de la L 2008-12-22/33 Et par son arrêt n° 127/2009 du 16-07-2009 (M.B. 24-08-2009, p. 56341), la Cour Constitutionnelle a
annulé article 83 de la L 2008-12-22/33 L'article 4, c) de la L 2005-05-22/33, qui modifiait le présent point 4°bis, a été abrogé avec effet au 19-05-
2009 par la L 2009-05-06/03, art. 135. L'article 7, c) de la L 2006-12-04/38, qui modifiait le présent point 4°bis, a aussi été abrogé avec effet au
19-05-2009 par la L 2009-05-06/03, art. 138. Le présent point 4°bis est modifié avec effet à une date indéterminée par la même L 2009-05-06/03, art.
133. Le présent point 4°bis est également modifié par L 2009-12-30/01, art. 169, entrant en vigueur lejour de
l'entrée en vigueur de l'art. 133 de la L 2009-05-06/03 c'est-à-dire à une date à déterminer par le Roi)
;]14oter. [e1 [ 3 ...]3
(4°quater. [3 •••]3) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005>) < L 1998-08-31/41,art. 20,003; ED: 14-11-1998> 50 [ 2 [ 3 •••]3 ;]2
60 [ 3 ...]3
70 [ 3 •••]3
8° ( [3 ...]3) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> (90 [ 3 ...]3
100 1(3 ...]3
110 [ 3 ...]3
120 [ 3 ...]3
[313° ...]3.) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> § 2. ([3 ...]3) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005>
(l)< L 2009-12-10/21,art. 2,014; En vigueur: 01-04-2010> (2)< L 2012-12-31/01,art. 5,c,015; En vigueur: 01-12-2013> (3)<abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 22bis.<Inséré par L 1998-08-31/41,art. 21,003; ED: 14-11-1998> § 1er. Par dérogation à l'article
22,lorsque la base de données a été licitement publiée,l'auteur ne peut interdire: 1° (la reproduction fragmentaire ou intégrale sur papier ou sur un support similaire,à l'aide de toute
technique photographique ou de toute autre méthode produisant un résultat similaire de bases de données fixées sur papier ou sur un support similaire lorsque cette reproduction est effectuée dans un but strictement privé et ne porte pas préjudice à l'exploitation normale de l'oeuvre;) < L 2005-05-22/33, art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 2° (la reproduction fragmentaire ou intégrale sur papier ou sur un support similaire,à l'aide de toute
technique photographique ou de toute autre méthode produisant un résultat similaire,lorsque cette reproduction est effectuée à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement ou de recherche scientifique dans la mesure justifiée par le but non lucratif poursuivi et ne porte pas préjudice à l'exploitation normale de l'oeuvre;) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 3° ( [1 ...]1) < L 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005>
4° ([1 •••]1) <L 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED : 27-05-2005>
50 [1 •••]1
§ 2. [1 ...]1
(l)<abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 23. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 23bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 6. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 24. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 7. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 25. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 26. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 27. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 28. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 29. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 30. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 8. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 31. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 32. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE II. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 33. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 34. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 35. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 36. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 37. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 38. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 3. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015>
Art. 39. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 4. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 40. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 5. - Dispositions communes relatives aux artistes-interprètes ou exécutants et aux producteurs. Art. 41. Sans préjudice du droit de l'auteur lorsque la prestation d'un artiste-interprète ou exécutant
est licitement reproduite ou radiodiffusée,l'artiste-interprète ou exécutant et le producteur ne peuvent s'opposer :
1° à sa communication dans un lieu public,à condition que cette prestation ne soit pas utilisée dans un spectacle et qu'un droit d'accès à ce lieu ou une contrepartie pour bénéficier de cette communication n'est pas perçue à charge du public; 2° à sa radiodiffusion. Art. 42. L'utilisation de (prestations),conformément à l'article 41,donne droit,quel que soit le lieu de
fixation,à une rémunération équitable au profit des artistes-interprètes ou exécutants et des producteurs. <L 1995-04-03/41,art. 4,002; ED : 09-05-1995>
La rémunération est versée par les personnes procédant aux actes prévus à l'article 41 aux sociétés de gestion des droits,visées au chapitre VII de la présente loi.
A défaut d'accord dans les six mois de l'entrée en vigueur de la loi entre ces sociétés de gestion de droits et les organisations représentant les débiteurs de cette rémunération,celle-ci est déterminée par une commission (qui siège au complet ou en sections spécialisées et est présidée par le représentant du ministre compétent pour le droit d'auteur). <L 1998-08-31/41,art. 24,003; ED : 14-11-1998>
(Cette commission siège au complet ou en sections spécialisées dans un ou plusieurs secteurs d'activités. Chaque section est présidée par le représentant du ministre qui a le droit d'auteur dans ses attributions. Dans cette commission les sociétés de gestion des droits,d'une part,et les organisations représentant les débiteurs de la rémunération,d'autre part,disposent d'un nombre égal de voix. Cette répartition égale du nombre de voix entre,d'une part,les sociétés de gestion des droits et,d'autre part,les organisations représentants les débiteurs de la rémunération,s'applique également lorsque la commission siège en sections spécialisées.) <L 2008-12-22/33,art. 76,013; ED : 14-11-1998>
Le ministre qui a le droit d'auteur dans ses attributions désigne les sociétés de gestion des droits et les organisations représentant les débiteurs de la rémunération.
Les débiteurs de la rémunération sont tenus dans une mesure raisonnable de fournir les renseignements utiles à la perception et à la répartition des droits.
La commission (qui siège au complet ou en sections spécialisées) détermine les modalités selon lesquelles ces renseignements et documents seront fournis. <L 1998-08-31/41,art. 23,003; ED : 14-11- 1998>
La commission (qui siège au complet ou en sections spécialisées) décide à la majorité des voix. En cas de partage des voix,le président dispose d'une voix prépondérante. <L 1998-08-31/41,art. 24,003; ED : 14- 11-1998>
Les décisions de la commission sont publiées au Moniteur Belge. ( Le Roi peut établir les modalités de fonctionnement et d'organisation de la Commission.) <L 1998-08-
31/41,art. 24,003; ED : 14-11-1998> ( Les décisions de la Commission sont,par arrêté royal,rendues obligatoires à l'égard des tiers. Le
Ministre ayant le Droit d'auteur dans ses attributions peut refuser de proposer au Roi de rendre une décision obligatoire au motif qu'elle contient des dispositions manifestement illégales ou contraires à l'intérêt général. Il en fait connaître les motifs à la commission.) <L 1998-08-31/41,art. 24,003; ED : 14- 11-1998>
Art. 43. Sous réserve des conventions internationales,la rémunération visée à l'article 42 est répartie par les sociétés de gestion des droits par moitié entre les artistes-interprètes ou exécutants et les producteurs.
Les droits à rémunération prévus à l'article 42 ont des durées respectivement identiques à celles prévues aux articles 38 et 39,dernier alinéa.
Section 6.
<Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 44. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 45. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 7. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 46. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 47. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 47bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE III. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 48. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 49. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 50. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Section 2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 51. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 52. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 53. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 54. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE IV. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 55. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 55bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 56. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 57. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> Art. 58. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE V. - (De la reproduction dans un but privé ou à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement ou
de recherche scientifique) des oeuvres fixées sur un support graphique ou analogue. <L 1998-08-31/41, art. 27,003; ED: 14-11-1998> Art. 59. (Les auteurs et les éditeurs d'oeuvres fixées sur un support graphique ou analogue ont droit à
une rémunération en raison de la reproduction de celles-ci,y compris dans les conditions fixées aux articles 22, § 1er,4° et 4°bis,et 22bis, § 1er,1° et 2°.) <L 1998-08-31/41,art. 28,003; ED: 14-11-1998>
La rémunération est versée par le fabricant,l'importateur ou l'acquéreur intracommunautaire d'appareils permettant la copie des oeuvres protégées,lors de la mise en circulation de ces appareils sur le territoire national.
Art. 60. En outre,une rémunération proportionnelle,déterminée en fonction du nombre de copies réalisées,est due par les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent des copies d'oeuvres,ou le cas échéant,à la décharge des premières,par celles qui tiennent à titre onéreux ou gratuit un appareil de reproduction à la disposition d'autrui.
Art. 60bis. [1 La société de gestion des droits désignée par le Roi dans le cadre du présent chapitre pourra obtenir les renseignements nécessaires à l'accomplissement de sa mission dans le respect de l'article 78 auprès:
- de l'Administration des douanes et accises par application de l'article 320 de la loi générale sur les douanes et accises du 18 juillet 1977,remplacé par la loi du 27 décembre 1993;
- de l'Administration de la T.V.A. par application de l'article 93bis du Code de la T.V.A. du 3 juillet 1969;
- et de l'Office national de la sécurité sociale conformément à la loi du 15 janvier 1990 relative à l'institution et à l'organisation d'une Banque-carrefour de la sécurité sociale.
Sans préjudice de l'article 78,la société de gestion des droits désignée pourra sur leur requête communiquer des renseignements aux administrations des douanes et de la T.V.A..
Sans préjudice de l'article 78,la société de gestion des droits désignée pourra communiquer et recevoir des renseignements:
- du service Contrôle et Médiation du SPF Economie; - des sociétés de gestion des droits exerçant une activité similaire à l'étranger,sous condition de
réciprocité.]1
(l)<Inséré par L 2009-12-10/21,art. 5,014; En vigueur: 01-04-2010> Art. 61. Le Roi fixe le montant des rémunérations visées aux articles 59 et 60,par arrêté délibéré en
Conseil des ministres. (La rémunération visée à l'article 60 peut être modulée en fonction des secteurs concernés.) <L 1995-04-03/41,art. 7,002; ED: 09-05-1995> Il fixe les modalités de perception,de répartition et de contrôle de ces rémunérations ainsi que le
montant où elles sont dues. Sous réserve des conventions internationales,les rémunérations prévues aux articles 59 et 60 sont
attribuées à part égale aux auteurs et aux éditeurs. Selon les conditions les modalités qu'il fixe,le Roi charge une société représentative de l'ensemble des
sociétés de gestion des droits d'assurer la perception et la répartition de la rémunération.
DROIT FUTUR: (NOTE 1: L'article 61 est remplacé par L 2005-05-22/33, art. 20, 006; ED: àune date àf,xer par le Roie,
voir art. 40) (NOTE 2: L'article 61 est modifié par L 2009-12-10/21, art. 6, 014; ED: àune date àf,xer par le Roi, voir
art. 45, 2e°) Art. 61. [A la demande du ministre ou d'un de ses membres, la Commission de consultation des milieux
intéressés remet un avis au Roi concernant le statut des appareils visés àl'article 59 et concernant les rémunérations visées aux articles 59 et 60. Le cas échéant, cet avis précise les différentes opinions des membres de la commission. L'avis de la commission est rendu dans les six mois de sa saisine. Passé ce délai, il est présumé rendu. (Dans les trois mois de la communication de l'avis, le Roi détermine, par catégories d'appareils
techniquement similaires qu'Il définit, si ceux-ci sont manifestement utilisés pour la reproduction sur papier ou support similaire d'oeuvres.) <L 2009-12-10/21, art. 6, 014; ED: 55-55-5555> Dans le même délai, le Roi peut déterminer, sur une liste spécifique, les catégories d'appareils
techniquement similaires qui ne sont pas manifestement utilisés pour la reproduction sur papier ou support similaire d'oeuvres et qui ne sont pas soumis àla rémunération pour reprographie. Ilf,xe les modalités de perception, de répartition et de contrôle de ces rémunérations ainsi que le moment
où elles sont dues. Sous réserve des conventions internationales, les rémunérations prévues aux articles 59 et 60 sont
attribuées àpart égale aux auteurs et aux éditeurs. Selon les conditions et les modalités qu'Ilf,xe, le Roi charge une société représentative de l'ensemble des
sociétés de gestion des droits d'assurer la perception et la répartition de la rémunération.
Le montant de cette rémunération peut être révisé tous les trois ans. Si les conditions qui ontjustifié la fu:ation du montant ont été manifestement et durablement modifiées, il eut être révisé plus rapidement. A cettefin, seul le Roi saisit la commission des milieux intéressés, qui rend un avis dans les délais visés à
l'alinéa 2. Le Roi, s'il révise le montant endéans la période de trois ans, motive sa décision par la modification des conditions initiales.]
CHAPITRE Vbis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 61bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 61ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 61guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE VI. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 62. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 63. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 64. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE VII. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65guinguies. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 65sexies. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66guinguies. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 66sexies. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 67. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 67bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 68. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015>
Art. 68bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 68ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 68guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 69. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 69bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 70. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 71. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 72. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 73. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 74. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 75. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 75bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 76. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 76bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 76ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 77. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 77bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 77ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 77guater. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 77guinguies. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 78. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 78bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 78ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> CHAPITRE VIII. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 1. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 79. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section lerbis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015>
Art. 79bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 79ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 2. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 80. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 81. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 82. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 83. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 84. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 85. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 86. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 3. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 86bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 86ter. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 87. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 3bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 87bis. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 4. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 88. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 5. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 89. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 90. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 6. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Art. 91. <Abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; En vigueur : 01-01-2015> Section 7. - Entrée en vigueur.
Art. 92. § 1. [1 ...] 1
§ 2. [1 •••] 1
( Les droits de suite afférents aux reventes publiques d'oeuvres,au sens de l'article 1er de la loi du 25 juin 1921 frappant d'un droit les ventes publiques d'oeuvres d'art,au profit des artistes,auteurs des oeuvres vendues,qui ont eu lieu avant le 2 février 1999 et pour lesquelles,le jour de l'entrée en vigueur du présent alinéa,les droits dus n'ont pas encore été payés à l'auteur ou a la société chargée de la gestion de ses droits,seront répartis par les sociétés de gestion désignées par le Roi.
Indépendamment du moment où les reventes visées a l'alinéa précédent ont eu lieu,l'action de l'auteur relative aux droits de suite visés à l'alinéa précédent se prescrit par trois ans à compter du moment fixé par le Roi. Les sommes qui,à l'expiration de ce délai de prescription,n'ont pu être payées a l'auteur ou à la société chargée de la gestion de ses droits sont réparties entre les sociétés de gestion désignées par le Roi proportionnellement au montant des droits de suite perçus par chacune d'entre elles au cours de l'année civile précédente. Ces sommes sont ensuite réparties entre les ayants droit de la catégorie concernée,conformément aux règles prévues à l'article 69.) <L 2006-12-04/38,art. 8,007; ED: 01-11- 2007>
§ 3. [ 1 ...11 1 ]1§ 4. r ...
§ 5. [1 ...]1
§ 6. [1 ...]1
§ 7. [ 1 ...]1
(l)<abrogé par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; En vigueur: 01-01-2015> .(NOTES modifiatives). Art. M. (NOTE: art. 22,4°,et 5°,46,4°,55,56,58,59,61 modifiés avec effet à une date indéterminée par 2005-
05-22/33,005; 006; ED: 55-55-5555>) (NOTE: art. 22, § 1er,aussi modifié avec effet à une date indéterminée par 2006-12-04/38,art. 7; 007;
ED: 55-55-5555>) (NOTE: art. 22, § 1er,4°bis aussi modifié avec effet à une date indéterminée par 2009-05-06/03,art.
133; ED: 55-55-5555>) (NOTE: art. 22, §1er,4°,encore modifié avec effet à une date indéterminée par L 2009-12-30/01,art.
169) (NOTE: art. 61, L3,aussi modifié avec effet à une date indéterminée par L 2009-12-10/21,art. 6,014;
les articles 65ter,65quater,66sexies,68quater,76bis,78ter insérés avec effet à une date indéterminée par L 2009-12-10/21; l'insertion deel' art. 78bis,dont le §1,2°,3°,6° en 7°, §3 en §4 ont effet à une date indéterminée; le remplacement de l'art. 67,dont §1 à §3 ont effet à une date indéterminée)
(NOTE: les art. 22 ; 46 ; 55 ; 56 ; 57 ; 58 ; 59 et 61 modifiés avec effet à une date indéterminée par L 2012-12-31/01,art. 5 à 13; ED: 55-55-5555) (NOTE: Abrogé avec date d'entrée en vigueur fixée au 01-01-2015 par L 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,8e
tiret,016; ED: 01-01-2015,voir AR %2014-04-19/61,art. 1)
Signatures Il Texte Table des matières Il DébutIl Promulguons la présente loi,ordonnons qu'elle soit revêtue du sceau de l'Etat et publiée par le
Moniteur belge. Donné à Bruxelles,le 30 juin 1994. ALBERT Par le Roi: Le Ministre de la Justice, M.WATHEeLET Scellé du sceau de l'Etat: Le Ministre de la Justice, M.WATHEeLET
Titel 30 JUNI 1994. -Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten.
Dossiernummer : 1994-06-30/35
Nota Gewijzigd bij KONINKLIJK BESLUIT van 22-12-2017 gepubl. op 29-12-2017
Art. 41-43; 22,§1,4e°,4e°bis; 22bis,§1,Ll,1e°,2e°; 59-61 Van kracht tot 01-01-2018
Inhoudstafel Il Tekst Il Begin1 1 HOOFDSTUK I. Afdeling..L. Art. 1-7 Afdelingk Art. 8 Afdeling� Art. 9-13 Afdeling 4. Art. 14-20 Afdeling 4bis. Art. 20bis, 20ter, 20quater Afdeling..5.., - Uitzonderingen op de vermogensrechten van de auteur. Art. 21-22, 22bis, 23, 23bis Afdeling.lli Art. 24 Afdeling.L Art. 25-30 Afdeling..8... Art. 31-32 HOOFDSTUK II. Afdeling..L. Art. 33 Afdelingk Art. 34-38 Afdeling� Art. 39 Afdeling 4. Art. 40 Afdeling-5... - Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen betreffende de uitvoerende kunstenaars en de producenten. Art. 41-43 Afdeling.lli Art. 44-45 Afdeling.L Art. 46-47, 47bis HOOFDSTUK III. Afdeling..L. Art. 48-50
Art.
Afdelingk Art. 51-54 HOOFDSTUK IV. Art. 55, 55bis, 56-58 HOOFDSTUK V. - (De reproductie voor privé-gebruik of ter illustratie bij onderwijs of voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek) van werken die op grafische of soortgelijke wijze zijn vastgelegd. <W 1998- 08-31/41, art. 27, 003; ED : 14-11-1998> Art. 59-60, 60bis, 61 HOOFDSTUK Vbis. Art. 61bis, 61ter, 61quater HOOFDSTUK VI. Art. 62-64 HOOFDSTUK VII. Art. 65, 65bis, 65ter, 65quater, 65quinquies, 65sexies, 66, 66bis, 66ter, 66quater, 66quinquies, 66sexies, 67, 67bis, 68, 68bis, 68ter, 68quater, 69, 69bis, 70-75, 75bis, 76, 76bis, 76ter, 77, 77bis, 77ter, 77quater, 77quinquies, 78, 78bis, 78ter HOOFDSTUK VIII. Afdeling..L. Art. 79 Afdeling 1bis. Art. 79bis, 79ter Afdeling.l.. Art. 80-86 Afdeling� Art. 86bis, 86ter, 87 Afdeling 3bis. Art. 87bis Afdeling 4. Art. 88 Afdeling� Art. 89-90 Afdeling� Art. 91 Afdeling.L. - Inwerkingtreding. Art. 92 NOTA'S Art. M
Tekst Il Inhoudstafel Il Begin
HOOFDSTUK I. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling..L. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Artikel 1. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015>
l. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Art. 3_. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. �- <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. S.
<Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. �- <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 2. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdelingk <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. _8. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling..l.. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. _2. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 10. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 11. <Opgeheven bij KB 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; Inwerkingtreding: 01-07-2015> Art. 12. <Opgeheven bij KB 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; Inwerkingtreding: 01-07-2015> Art. 13. <Opgeheven bij KB 2015-12-18/15,art. 2,018; Inwerkingtreding: 01-07-2015> Afdeling 4. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 14. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 15. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 16. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 17. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 18. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 19. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 20. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling 4bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 20bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 20ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 20guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� - Uitzonderingen op de vermogensrechten van de auteur. Art. 21. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 22. § 1. [3 •••]3
10 [3 ...]3 20 [3 •••]3 30 [3 ...]3 4° (de gedeeltelijke of integrale reproductie van artikelen of van werken van beeldende kunst,of van
korte fragmenten uit werken die op een grafische of soortgelijke drager zijn vastgelegd,wanneer die reproductie uitsluitend bestemd is voor privé-gebruik en geen atbreuk doet aan de normale exploitatie van het werk;) <W 1998-08-31/41,art. 20,003; ED: 14-11-1998> (4°bis de gedeeltelijke of integrale reproductie van artikelen of van werken van beeldende kunst,of van
korte fragmenten uit werken die op een grafische of soortgelijke drager zijn vastgelegd,wanneer die reproductie wordt verricht ter illustratie bij onderwijs of voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek,zulks verantwoord is door de nagestreefde niet-winstgevende doelstelling en geen atbreuk doet aan de normale exploitatie van het werk;)<W 1998-08-31/41,art. 20,003; ED: 14-11-1998>
(NOTA : punt 4e°bis werd vervangen door W2008-12-22/33, art. 83, 013; ED : 29-12-2008. Maar bij arrest nr. 69/2009 van 23-04-2009 (B.St. 27-04-2009, p. 32967-32969), heeft het Grondwettelijk
Ho/artikel 83 van W2008-12-22/33 geschorst En bij arrest nr. 12712009 van 16-07-2009 (B.St. 24-08-2009, p. 56339), heeft het Grondwettelijk Ho/
artikel 83 van W2008-12-22/33 vernietigd) Artikel 4, c) van de W2005-05-22/33, dat onderhavig punt 4e°bis wijzigde, wordt opgeheven met uitwerking
op 19-05-2009 bij de W2009-05-06/03, art. 135. Artikel 7, c) van de W2006-12-04/38, dat onderhavig punt 4e°bis wijzigde, wordt opgeheven met uitwerking
op 19-05-2009 bij de W2009-05-06/03, art. 138. Onderhavig punt 4e°bis wordt gewijzigd bij dezelfde W2009-05-06/03, art. 133, met uitwerking op een
onbepaalde datum. Onderhavig punt 4e°bis wordt ook gewijzigd bij W2009-12-30/01, art. 169, met uitwerking op de dag van
inwerkingtreding van art. 133 van de W2009-05-06/03e: op de datum bepaald door de Koning (art. 134).) 4oter [1 [3 ...]3]1
(4°quater. [3 •••]3) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 50 [2 [3 ...]3;]2
60 [3 ...]3
70 [3 ...]3
8° ( [3 •••]3;) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> (90 [3 •••]3
100 [3 •••]3
110 [3 ...]3
120 [3 ...]3
(313° ...]3.) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> § 2. ( [3 ...]3) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 4,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005>
(l)<W 2009-12-10/21,art. 2,014; Inwerkingtreding: 01-04-2010> (2)<W 2012-12-31/01,art. 5,c,015; Inwerkingtreding: 01-12-2013> (3)<opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32,§2,Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 22bis.<Ingevoegd bij W 1998-08-31/41,art. 21,003; ED: 14-11-1998> § 1. In afwijking van artikel
22 kan de auteur wanneer de databank wettig openbaar is gemaakt,zich niet verzetten tegen: 1° (de gedeeltelijke of integrale reproductie op papier of op een soortgelijke drager,met behulp van een
fotografische techniek of een andere werkwijze die een soortgelijk resultaat oplevert,van databanken die op papier of op een soortgelijke drager zijn vastgelegd,wanneer die reproductie uitsluitend bestemd is voor privé-gebruik en geen atbreuk doet aan de normale exploitatie van het werk;) <W 2005-05-22/33, art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 2° (de gedeeltelijke of integrale reproductie op papier of op een soortgelijke drager,met behulp van een
fotografische techniek of een andere werkwijze die een soortgelijk resultaat oplevert,wanneer die reproductie wordt verricht ter illustratie bij onderwijs of voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek,en zulks verantwoord is door de nagestreefde niet-winstgevende doelstelling en geen atbreuk doet aan de normale exploitatie van het werk;) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 3° ( [1 •••]1 ) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005> 4° ( [1 •••]1 ) <W 2005-05-22/33,art. 5,005 ; ED: 27-05-2005>
50 [1 •••] 1
] 1§ 2. [1 ...
(l)<opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32,§2,Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 23. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 23bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 24. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling.L <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 25. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Art. 26. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 27. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 28. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Art. 29. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 30. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 31. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 32. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK II. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling.L. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 33. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Afdeling_b <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 34. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 35. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 36. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 37. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015> Art. 38. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 39. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtreding : 01-01-2015>
Afdeling 4. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Art. 40. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60, art. 32, §2, Ll, 016; Inwerkingtredinge: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� - Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen betreffende de uitvoerende kunstenaars en de
producenten. Art. 41. Wanneer de prestatie van een uitvoerende kunstenaar op geoorloofde wijze wordt
gereproduceerd of door de radio uitgezonden, mogen de uitvoerende kunstenaar en de producent zich onverminderd het recht van de auteur niet verzetten :
1° tegen de mededeling ervan op een openbare plaats, op voorwaarde dat die prestatie niet voor een voorstelling wordt gebruikt en van het publiek geen toegangsgeld of vergoeding wordt gevraagd om die prestatie te kunnen bijwonen; 2e° tegen de radio-uitzending ervan. Art. 42. Het gebruik van (prestaties) geeft, overeenkomstig artikel 41, de uitvoerende kunstenaars en de
producenten recht op een billijke vergoeding, ongeacht de plaats waar die fonogrammen zijn vastgelegd. <W 1995-04-03/41, art. 4,e002; EDe: 09-05-1995>
De vergoeding wordt door de personen die de handelingen bepaald in artikel 41 verrichten betaald aan de in hoofdstuk VII van deze wet bedoelde vennootschappen voor het beheer van de rechten. 1s er binnen zes maanden na de inwerkingtreding van deze wet omtrent die vergoeding geen
overeenstemming tussen die beheersvennootschappen en de organisaties van ben die de vergoeding verschuldigd zijn, dan wordt het bedrag ervan bepaald door een commissie (die voltallig of in gespecialiseerde afdelingen zetelt en wordt voorgezeten door de vertegenwoordiger van de minister die bevoegd is voor het auteursrecht). <W 1998-08-31/41, art. 24, 003; ED : 14-11-1998>
(Deze commissie zetelt voltallig of in afdelingen die gespecialiseerd zijn in een of meerdere activiteitssectoren. Eike afdeling wordt voorgezeten door de vertegenwoordiger van de minister die bevoegd is voor het auteursrecbt. In deze commissie bescbikken de vennootschappen voor het bebeer van de recbten, enerzijds, en de organisaties van ben die de vergoeding verscbuldigd zijn, anderzijds, over een gelijk aantal stemmen. Deze gelijke verdeling van bet aantal stemmen tussen, enerzijds, de vennootscbappen voor bet bebeer van de rechten en, anderzijds, de organisaties van ben die de vergoeding verscbuldigd zijn, is eveneens van toepassing wanneer de commissie in gespecialiseerde afdelingen zetelt.) <W 2008-12-22/33, art. 76, 013; ED : 14-11-1998>
De vennootscbappen voor bet bebeer van de recbten en de organisaties van ben die de vergoeding verscbuldigd zijn, worden aangewezen door de minister die bevoegd is voor het auteursrecbt.
Degenen die de vergoeding verscbuldigd zijn, meten overeenkomstig de eisen van de redelijkheid de inlicbtingen meedelen die nuttig zijn voor de inning en de verdeling van de rechten. De commissie (die voltallig of in gespecialiseerde afdelingen zetelt) bepaalt op welke wijze die
inlicbtingen en stukken worden verstrekt. <W 1998-08-31/41, art. 24,e003; EDe: 14-11-1998> De commissie (die voltallig of in gespecialiseerde afdelingen zetelt) beslist bij meerderbeid van de
stemmen. Bij staking van stemmen is de stem van de voorzitter doorslaggevend. <W 1998-08-31/41, art. 24,e003; EDe: 14-11-1998>
De beslissingen van de commissie worden bekend gemaakt in het Belgiscb Staatsblad. (De Koning kan de nadere regels met betrekking tot de werking en de organisatie van de Commissie
bepalen.) <W 1998-08-31/41, art. 24,e003; EDe: 14-11-1998> (De beslissingen van de Commissie worden bij koninklijk besluit bindend verklaard ten aanzien van
derden. De minister, bevoegd voor bet auteursrecbt, kan weigeren de Koning voor te stellen een beslissing bindend te maken op grond van het feit dat die beslissing kennelijk onwettige bepalingen bevat, of bepalingen die indruisen tegen het algemeen belang. Hij brengt de commissie op de boogte van de redenen daarvoor.) <W 1998-08-31/41, art. 24, 003; ED : 14-11-1998> Art. 43. Onverminderd het bepaalde in internationale overeenkomsten wordt de in artikel 42 bedoelde
vergoeding door de vennootscbappen voor bet bebeer van de rechten verdeeld onder de uitvoerende kunstenaars en de producenten, ieder voor de belft.
De duur van de in artikel 42 bedoelde recbten op vergoeding is telkens gelijk aan deze voorzien in de artikelen 38 en 39, laatste lid. Afdeling�
<Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 44. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 45. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling.L. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 46. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 47. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 47bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK III. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling_L <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 48. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 49. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 50. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling_b <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 51. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 52. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 53. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 54. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK IV. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 55. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 55bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 56. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 57. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 58. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK V. - (De reproductie voor privé-gebruik of ter illustratie bij onderwijs of voor
wetenschappelijk onderzoek) van werken die op grafische of soortgelijke wijze zijn vastgelegd. <W 1998- 08-31/41,art. 27,003; ED: 14-11-1998> Art. 59. (De auteurs en de uitgevers van werken die op een grafische of soortgelijke drager zijn
vastgelegd,hebben recht op een vergoeding voor de reproductie van die werken,ook wanneer die reproductie plaatsvindt onder de voorwaarden bepaald in de artikelen 22, § 1,4° en 4°bis,en 22bis, § 1,1° en 2°.) <W 1998-08-31/41,art. 28,003; ED: 14-11-1998> De vergoeding wordt betaald door de fabrikant,de invoerder of de intracommunautaire koper van de
apparaten waarmee de beschermde werken gereproduceerd kunnen worden, op de datum waarop die
apparaten op het nationale grondgebied in de handel worden gebracht. Art. 60. Bovendien moeten de natuurlijke personen of de rechtspersonen die kopieën van werken
vervaardigen,een vergoeding betalen die evenredig is aan het aantal vervaardigde kopieën of, desgevallend,met décharge van eerstgenoemden,door ben die onder bezwarende titel of gratis een reproduktieapparaat ter beschikking stellen van anderen. Art. 60bis. [1 De in het kader van dit hoofdstuk door de Koning aangewezen vennootschap voor het
beheer van de rechten kan de nodige inlichtingen voor het uitvoeren van haar opdracht in naleving van artikel 78 bekomen bij:
- de Administratie der Douane en Accijnzen met toepassing van artikel 320 van de algemene wet inzake douane en accijnzen van 18 juli 1977,vervangen bij de wet van 27 december 1993;
- de Administratie van de BTW met toepassing van artikel 93bis van het BTW-wetboek van 3 juli 1969;
- en de Rijksdienst voor Sociale Zekerheid in toepassing van de wet van 15 januari 1990 houdende oprichting en organisatie van een Kruispuntbank van de Sociale Zekerheid.
Onverminderd artikel 78 kan de aangewezen vennootschap voor het beheer van de rechten inlichtingen doorgeven aan de Administratie der Douane en Accijnzen en BTW-Administratie op hun verzoek.
Onverminderd artikel 78 kan de aangewezen vennootschap voor het beheer van de rechten inlichtingen doorgeven aan en krijgen van:
- de dienst Controle en Bemiddeling en van de FOD Economie; - de vennootschappen voor het beheer van de rechten die een gelijkaardige activiteit uitoefenen in het
buitenland,mits wederkerigheid.]1
(l)<lngevoegd bij W 2009-12-10/21,art. 5,014; Inwerkingtreding: 01-04-2010> Art. 61.De Koning bepaalt bij een in Ministerraad overlegd besluit het bedrag van de in de artikelen 59
en 60 bedoelde vergoedingen. (De vergoeding bedoeld in artikel 60 kan worden aangepast naar gelang van de betrokken sectoren.) <W 1995-04-03/41,art. 7,002; ED: 09-05-1995> Hij bepaalt de nadere regels voor de inning en verdeling van en de controle op die vergoedingen,
alsmede het tijdstip waarop ze verschuldigd zijn. Onverminderd het bepaalde in internationale overeenkomsten worden de in de artikelen 59 en 60
bedoelde vergoedingen in gelijke delen toegewezen aan de auteurs en de uitgevers. Overeenkomstig de voorwaarden en de nadere regels die Hij stelt,belast Hij een vennootschap die
representatief is voor aile vennootschappen voor het beheer van de rechten met de inning en de verdeling van de vergoeding.
TOEKOMSTIGE RECHT (NOTA : Op een door de Koning te bepalen datum luidt dit art ais volgt: Art. 61. [Op vraag van de minister ofvan een van haar leden, brengt de Adviescommissie van de betrokken
milieus aan de Koning een advies uit omirent het statuut van de apparaten bedoeld in artikel 59 en omirent de vergoedingen bedoeld in de artikelen 59 en 60. In voorkomend geval, verduidelijkt dit advies de verschillende standpunten van de leden van de commissie.
Het advies van de commissie wordt uitgebracht binnen zes maanden na het aanhangig maken van het verzoek bij de commissie. Bens deze termijn is verstreken, wordt het advies geacht te zijn uitgebracht.
(Binnen drie maanden na de mededeling van het advies, stelt de Koning vast, per categorieën van technische gelijkaardige apparaten die Hij definieert, ofdeze kennelijk gebruikt worden voor het reproduceren op papier ofsoortgelijke drager van werken.) <W2009-12-10/21, art. 6, 014; ED: 55-55- 5555> Binnen dezelfde termijn, kan de Koning, op een specijieke lijst, de categorieën van technisch gelijkaardige
apparaten vaststellen die niet kennelijk worden gebruikt voor het reproduceren op papier ofsoortgelijke drager van werken en die niet onderworpen zijn aan de vergoeding voor reprografie. Hij bepaalt de nadere regels voor de inning en verdeling van en de controle op die vergoedingen, alsmede
het tijdstip waarop ze verschuldigd zijn. Onverminderd het bepaalde in internationale overeenkomsten worden de in de artikelen 59 en 60 bedoelde
vergoedingen in gelijke delen toegewezen aan de auteurs en de uitgevers.
Overeenkomstig de voorwaarden en de nadere regels die Hij stelt, belast Hij een vennootschap die representatiefis voor aile vennootschappen voor het beheer van de rechten met de inning en de verdeling van de vergoeding. Het bedrag van deze vergoeding kan om de driejaar worden herzien. Indien de omstandigheden die het bepalen van het bedrag hebben gerechtvaardigd, kennelijk en duurzaam ewijzigd zijn, kan dit bedrag vlugger worden herzien. Te dien einde, kan enkel de Koning dit aanhangig maken bij de commissie van de betrokken milieus, die
een advies uitbrengt binnen de termijnen bedoeld in het tweede lid. Indien de Koning het bedrag binnen de termijn van driejaar herziet, motiveert Hij zijn beslissing door de wijziging van de initiële omstandigheden.J <W 2005-05-22/33, art. 20, 006; ED : 55-55-5555>
HOOFDSTUK Vbis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 61bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 61ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 61guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK VI. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 62. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 63. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 64. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK VII. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65guinguies. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 65sexies. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66guinguies. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 66sexies. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 67.
<Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 67bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 68. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 68bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 68ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 68guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 69. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 69bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 70. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 71. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 72. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 73. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 74. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 75. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 75bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 76. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 76bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 76ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 77. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 77bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 77ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 77guater. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 77guinguies. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 78. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 78bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 78ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> HOOFDSTUK VIII. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> AfdelingL
<Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 79. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling 1bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 79bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 79ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdelingk <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 80. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 81. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 82. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 83. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 84. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 85. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 86. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 86bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 86ter. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 87. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling 3bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 87bis. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling 4. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 88. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 89. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 90. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling� <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Art. 91. <Opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2, Ll,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> Afdeling.L - Inwerkingtreding. Art. 92. § 1. [1 •••] 1
§ 2. [1 ...]1
(De volgrechten met betrekking tot de doorverkopen bij openbare veiling van werken,in de zin van artikel 1 van de wet van 25 juni 1921 tot het innen van een recht op de openbare kunstveilingen,ten bate der kunstenaars,auteurs der verkochte werken,die plaatsvonden voor 2 februari 1999,waarvoor de verschuldigde rechten op de dag van inwerkingtreding van dit lid nog niet betaald werden aan de auteur of de vennootschap belast met het beheer van zijn rechten,zullen verdeeld worden door de door de Koning aangewezen beheersvennootschappen. Ongeacht het ogenblik waarop de in het vorige lid voorziene doorverkopen plaatsvonden, verjaart de
vordering van de auteur met betrekking tot de volgrechten bepaald in het vorige lid,door verloop van drie jaren te rekenen van het ogenblik bepaald door de Koning. De bedragen die na het verstrijken van deze verjaringstermijn niet konden betaald worden aan de auteur of de vennootschap belast met het beheer van zijn rechten,worden verdeeld onder de door de Koning aangewezen beheersvennootschappen in verhouding tot het bedrag aan volgrechten dat elk van ben tijdens het voorgaande kalenderjaar heeft geïnd. Deze bedragen worden vervolgens herverdeeld onder de rechthebbenden van de betrokken categorie, overeenkomstig de regels bepaald in artikel 69.) <W 2006- 12-04/38,art. 8,007; ED: 01-11-2007>
§ 3. [1 ...11
§ 4. [1 •••]1
§ 5. [1 ...]1
§ 6. [1 ...]1
§ 7. [1 ...]1
(l)<opgeheven bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 2,016; Inwerkingtreding: 01-01-2015> NOTA'S Art. M. (NOTA: art. 22,4° en 5°,46,4°,55,56,58,59,61 gewijzigd met ingang op een onbepaalde datum
bij 2005-05-22/33 ; 005; 006; ED: 55-55-5555>). (NOTA: art. 22, § 1,ook gewijzigd met ingang op een onbepaalde datum bij 2006-12-04/38,art. 7,007;
ED: 55-55-5555>) (NOTA: art. 22, § 1,4°bis ook gewijzigd met uitwerking op een onbepaalde datum. 2009-05-06/03,art.
133; ED: 55-55-5555>) (NOTA: art. 22, §1,4bis,nog gewijzigd met uitwerking op een onbepaalde datum bij W 2009-12-30/01,
art. 169) (NOTA: art. 61, L3, gewijzigd met uitwerking op een onbepaalde datum bij W 2009-12-10/21,art. 6,
014; de artikelen 65ter,65quater,66sexies,68quater,76bis,78ter ingevoegd met uitwerking op een onbepaalde datum bij W 2009-12-10/21; evenals de invoeging van art. 78bis,waarvan §1,2°,3°,6° en 7°, §3 en §4 uitwerking hebben op een onbepaalde datum; evenals de vervanging van art. 67,waarvan §1 tot §3 uitwerking hebben op een onbepaalde datum)
(NOTA: art. 22 ; 46 ; 55 ; 56 ; 57 ; 58 ; 59 en 61 gewijzigd met uitwerking op een onbepaalde datum bij W 2012-12-31/01,art. 5 tot 13; ED: 55-55-5555)
(NOTA: Opgeheven met inwerkingtredingsdatum vastgesteld op 01-01-2015 bij W 2014-04-19/60,art. 32, §2,8ste streepje,016; ED: 01-01-2015,zie KB 2014-04-19/61,art. 1)
Handtekening I l Tekst I l Inhoudstafel I l Begin Kondigen deze wet af,bevelen dat zij met 's Lands zegel zal worden bekleed en door het Belgisch
Staatsblad zal worden bekendgemaakt. Gegeven te Brussel,30 juni 1994. A LBERT Van Koningswege: De Minister van Justitie, M. WATHE LET
Met 's Lands zegel gezegeld: De Minister van Justitie, M. WATIIE LET
Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (of June 30, 1994, as amended by the Law of April 3, 1995)*
TABLE OF CONTENTS**
Articles
Chapter I: Copyright
Section 1: Copyright in General ..........................................................................1–7
Section 2: Special Provisions on Literary Works ....................................................8
Section 3: Special Provisions on Works of Fine Art .........................................9–13
Section 4: Special Provisions on Audiovisual Works......................................14–20
Section 5: Exceptions to the Economic Rights of the Author .........................21–23
Section 6: Provision Common to Sound and Audiovisual Works.........................24
Section 7: Publishing Contracts .......................................................................25–30
Section 8: Performance Contracts....................................................................31–32
Chapter II: Neighboring Rights
Section 1: General Provision .................................................................................33
Section 2: Provisions on Performers................................................................34–38
Section 3: Provisions Common to Producers of Phonograms and of First Fixations of Films ..................................................................................................................39
Section 4: Provision on the Rental of Phonograms and First Fixations of Films ..40
Section 5: Provisions Common to Performers and Producers .........................41–43
Section 6: Provisions on Broadcasting Organizations .....................................44–45
Section 7: Provisions Common to Sections 1 to 6...........................................46–47
* Official French title: Loi relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins. Entry into force (of the amending Law): May 9, 1995; see also Article 92. Source: Communication from the Belgian authorities. Note: Consolidation by the International Bureau of WIPO. ** Added by the International Bureau of WIPO.
Chapter III: Communication to the Public by Satellite and Retransmission by Cable
Section 1: Communication to the Public by Satellite ......................................48–50
Section 2: Retransmission by Cable ................................................................51–54
Chapter IV: Private Copying of Sound and Audiovisual Works..........................55–58
Chapter V: Copying for Personal Use or Internal Use of Works Fixed on a Graphic or Similar Medium................................................................................................59–61
Chapter VI: Provisions on Public Lending...........................................................62–64
Chapter VII: Copyright Administration Societies ................................................65–78
Chapter VIII: General Provisions
Section 1: Field of Application ..............................................................................79
Section 2: Penal Provisions..............................................................................80–86
Section 3: Civil Proceedings in Copyright.............................................................87
Section 4: Transitional Provisions .........................................................................88
Section 5: Repealing Provisions ......................................................................89–90
Section 6: Amending Provisions............................................................................91
Section 7: Entry Into Force ....................................................................................92
Chapter I Copyright
Section 1 Copyright in General
Art. 1.—(1) The author of a literary or artistic work alone shall have the right to reproduce his work or to have it reproduced in any manner or form whatsoever.
This right shall also comprise the exclusive right to authorize adaptation or translation of the work.
This right shall further comprise the exclusive right to authorize rental or lending of the work.
The author of a literary or artistic work alone shall have the right to communicate his work to the public by any process whatsoever.
(2) The author of a literary or artistic work shall enjoy an inalienable moral right in his work.
Overall renunciation of the future exercise of this right shall be null and void.
This right shall comprise the right to disclose the work.
Non-disclosed works may not be seized.
An author shall have the right to claim or to refuse authorship of his work.
He shall enjoy the right to respect for his work that shall permit him to oppose any alteration to that work.
Notwithstanding any renunciation, he shall maintain the right to oppose any distortion, mutilation or other alteration to his work or any other prejudicial act to the same work that may damage his honor or reputation.
Art. 2.—(1) Copyright shall subsist for 70 years after the death of the author to the benefit of the person he has designated to such effect or, failing such person, to his heirs in accordance with Article 7.
(2) Without prejudice to the second subparagraph of this paragraph, where a work is the result of collaboration, the copyright shall subsist to the benefit of all successors in title for 70 years after the death of the last surviving joint author.
The term of protection for an audiovisual work shall expire 70 years after the death of the last survivor of the following persons: the main director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the author of the musical compositions with or without words specifically composed for the work.
(3) In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works, the term of copyright shall be 70 years from the time the work is lawfully made accessible to the public.
However, where the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity or if the author discloses his identity during the period referred to in the foregoing subparagraph, the term of protection of the work shall be that laid down in paragraph (1).
In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works that have not been lawfully made accessible to the public during the 70-year period following their creation, protection shall expire at the end of that period.
(4) Where a work is published in volumes, parts, issues or instalments and the 70- year period begins at the time the work is made accessible to the public, the term of protection shall run separately for each element.
(5) The term of protection for photographs that are original in that they constitute the author’s own intellectual creation, shall be determined in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs.
(6) Any person who, after expiry of copyright protection, lawfully publishes or lawfully communicates to the public for the first time a work not previously published, shall enjoy protection equivalent to that for the author’s economic rights. The term of protection for such rights shall be 25 years from the time the work was lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public for the first time.
(7) The terms laid down in this Article shall be computed from January 1 of the year following the act that has generated the right.
Art. 3.—(1) The economic rights shall be movable, assignable and transferable, in whole or in part, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code. In particular, they may be the subject of alienation or of an ordinary or exclusive license.
All contracts affecting the author shall require written form.
Contractual provisions relating to copyright and to its modes of exploitation shall be interpreted restrictively. Assignment of an article incorporating a work shall not imply assignment of the right to exploit that work; an author shall have access to his work to the extent necessary for him to exercise his economic rights.
The author’s remuneration, the scope and duration of the assignment shall be set out explicitly for each mode of exploitation.
The assignee shall be required to exploit the work in accordance with the fair practice of the profession.
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, the assignment of rights in respect of as yet unknown forms of exploitation shall be null and void.
(2) The assignment of economic rights relating to future works shall be valid only for a limited period of time and only if the types of works to which the assignment applies are specified.
(3) Where works are created by an author under an employment contract or a service relationship, the economic rights may be assigned to the employer on condition that assignment of such rights is explicitly laid down and that the creation of the work falls within the scope of the contract or service relationship.
Where works are created by an author on a commission, the economic rights may be assigned to the person who has given the commission on condition that the latter’s activity is in a non-cultural field or in advertising, that the work is intended for such activity and that assignment of the rights is explicitly laid down.
In such cases, the fourth to sixth subparagraphs of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall not apply.
The clause affording to the copyright assignee the right to exploit a work in a form that is unknown at the date of the contract or of appointment to the service relationship shall be explicit and shall lay down participation in the profits obtained from such exploitation.
The scope and conditions of transfer may be laid down in collective agreements.
Art. 4. Where copyright is indivisible, exercise of the right shall be governed by agreement. Failing agreement, none of the authors may exercise the right in isolation, subject to a decision by the courts in the event of disagreement.
However, each author may take action, on his own behalf and without the intervention of the other authors, against any infringement of copyright and may claim damages on his own behalf.
The courts may, at any time, make the authorization to publish a work subject to the measures they deem necessary; they may order, at the request of the opponent author, that he should participate neither in the costs nor in the profits of exploitation or that his name should not be shown on the work.
Art. 5. In the case of a work of collaboration in which the contributions of the authors may be individually identified, those authors may not, unless otherwise agreed, deal in their works with new collaborators.
However, they shall share the right to exploit their contribution in isolation where such exploitation does not prejudice the joint work.
Art. 6. Copyright shall belong as of origin to the natural person who has created the work.
Unless proved otherwise, the author shall be presumed to be the person shown as such on the work by the fact of his name being mentioned or of a sign that enables him to be identified.
The publisher of an anonymous or pseudonymous work shall be deemed to be the author of the work in respect of other parties.
Art. 7. After the death of the author, the rights laid down in Article 1(1) shall be exercised during the term of copyright protection by his heirs or legatees, unless the author has allocated them to a specific person, subject to the statutory portion of inheritance that devolves upon the heirs.
After the death of the author, the rights laid down in Article 1(2) shall be exercised by his heirs or legatees, unless he has designated a person to such effect.
In the event of disagreement, the procedure under Article 4 shall apply.
Section 2 Special Provisions on Literary Works
Art. 8.—(1) Literary works shall mean writings of any kind, as also lessons, lectures, speeches, sermons or any other oral manifestation of thought.
Speeches made in deliberative assemblies, in public hearings of the courts or in political meetings may be freely reproduced and communicated to the public, but the author alone shall have the right to make offprints.
(2) Copyright shall not subsist in official acts of the authorities.
Section 3 Special Provisions on Works of Fine Art
Art. 9. Unless otherwise agreed, assignment of a work of fine art shall imply assignment to the acquirer of the right to exhibit the work as such under conditions that are not damaging to the honor or reputation of its author, but not the assignment of any other of the author’s rights. Unless otherwise agreed or save for customary practice to the contrary, the assignment of a work of fine art shall imply prohibition on making other identical copies.
Art. 10. Neither the author nor the owner of a portrait nor any other possessor or holder of a portrait shall have the right to reproduce such portrait or to communicate it to the public without the consent of the person portrayed or the consent of his successors in title during a period of 20 years as from his death.
Art. 11. The seller shall owe to the author an inalienable resale royalty right levied on the amount of the adjudication of works of fine art obtained as a result of public auction.
The works concerned must be original creations of the author or copies considered as such according to the usage of the profession.
The same right shall be enjoyed by the heirs and other successors in title of authors in accordance with Articles 2 and 7 of this Law.
Foreign authors shall only enjoy resale royalty right if Belgian authors enjoy reciprocity in their countries.
Art. 12. Resale royalty right shall be calculated on the selling price where such price is at least 50,000 francs. It shall be fixed at four percent.
Art. 13. The public officer, the organizer or person responsible for the sale and the seller shall be severally responsible for notifying the sale within three months thereof to the author or to the society entrusted with the administration of his rights and for paying the rights that are due within that same period.
On expiry of that period, any sums that it has not been possible to pay shall be paid to the administration societies designated by the King and those societies shall redistribute them in the manner laid down by the King.
Claims by the author shall be prescribed three years as from the notification referred to in the first subparagraph.
Section 4 Special Provisions on Audiovisual Works
Art. 14. In addition to the main director, those natural persons who have participated in the creation of an audiovisual work shall be deemed authors. Unless proven otherwise, the following shall be presumed the authors of a jointly created audiovisual work:
(a) the author of the screenplay; (b) the author of the adaptation; (c) the author of the words; (d) the graphical author in the case of animated works or of animated sequences
in audiovisual works where they represent a significant part of such work;
(e) the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specifically composed for the work.
The authors of the original work shall be assimilated to the authors of the new work if their contribution has been used therein.
Art. 15. An author who refuses to complete his contribution to an audiovisual work or who is not in a position to do so may not oppose the use of his contribution for the purpose of completing the work.
He shall be deemed an author, with respect to that contribution, and shall enjoy the rights deriving therefrom.
Art. 16. An audiovisual work shall be deemed to have been completed when the final version has been fixed by common accord between the main director and the producer.
The authors’ moral rights may only be exercised by the authors with respect to a completed audiovisual work.
The destruction of the master copy of such version shall be prohibited.
Art. 17. The assignment of the right of audiovisual adaptation of an existing work must be the subject of a contract that is separate from the contract for publishing the work.
The assignee of the right shall undertake to exploit the work in accordance with fair practice in the profession and to pay to the author, unless otherwise provided, a remuneration that is proportional to the gross revenue he has obtained.
Art. 18. Unless otherwise provided, the authors of an audiovisual work as also the authors of a creative element lawfully integrated or used in an audiovisual work, with the exception of authors of musical compositions, shall assign to the producers their exclusive right of audiovisual exploitation of the work, including the rights required for such exploitation such as the right to add subtitles or to dub the work, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 16 of this Law.
Art. 19. Save for audiovisual works belonging to the non-cultural field or to advertising, authors shall be entitled to separate remuneration for each mode of exploitation.
The amount of such remuneration shall, unless otherwise provided, be proportional to the gross revenue obtained from exploitation. In such case, the producer shall communicate to all authors, at least once a year, a statement of revenue he has obtained for each mode of exploitation.
Art. 20. Bankruptcy of the producer, legal settlement or liquidation of his enterprise shall not imply termination of the contracts with the authors of the audiovisual work.
Where the production or exploitation of the work is continued, the trustee or liquidator, as appropriate, shall be required to comply with all of the producer’s obligations with respect to the authors.
In the event of the transfer of whole or a part of the enterprise or of its liquidation, the liquidator or the trustee, as appropriate, shall be required to draw up a separate lot for each audiovisual work whose exploitation rights may be subject to transfer or to sale by auction.
He shall be required to advise, on pain of nullity, each of the other producers of the work, the director and the authors, by registered mail, at least one month before transfer or before any other proceedings for sale or sale by auction.
The acquirer shall be subject to the same obligations as the transferor.
The director and, in his absence, the other authors, shall enjoy a preferential right in the work, unless one of the coproducers declares himself acquirer. Failing agreement, the purchase price shall be determined by court decision.
If no coproducer has declared himself the acquirer within a period of one month as from notification, the director may exercise his preferential right during a period of one month. After such period, the joint authors shall enjoy one month to exercise their preferential rights.
Exercise of this right shall be by service of a writ or by registered letter addressed to the trustee or liquidator, as the case may be.
Persons enjoying a preferential right may waive such right by service of a writ or by registered letter addressed by mail to the trustee.
Where the producer’s activities have been terminated for more than 12 months or where liquidation has been published without the sale of the audiovisual work having been carried out more than 12 months after publication, each author of the audiovisual work may require termination of his contract.
Section 5 Exceptions to the Economic Rights of the Author
Art. 21. Short quotations taken from a lawfully published work for the purpose of criticism, polemic or teaching or in scientific works in accordance with the fair practice of the profession and to the extent justified by the purpose shall not infringe copyright.
The quotations referred to in the foregoing subparagraph shall mention the source and the name of the author.
The compilation of an anthology intended for teaching shall require the consent of the authors of whose works extracts are compiled in that way. However, after the death of the author, the consent of his successor in title shall not be required on condition that the choice of the extract, its presentation and its place respect the moral rights of the author and that equitable remuneration be paid as agreed between the parties or, failing that, determined by the court in accordance with fair practice.
Art. 22.—(1) Once a work has been lawfully published, its author may not prohibit: 1. reproduction and communication to the public, for the purposes of information,
of short fragments of works or of works of fine art as a whole in connection with reports on current events;
2. reproduction and communication to the public of a work shown in a place accessible to the public where the aim of reproduction or communication to the public is not the work itself;
3. free and private communication within the family circle;
4. reproduction in part or in whole of articles or works of fine art or reproduction of short fragments of other works fixed on a graphic or similar medium where such reproduction is intended for a strictly private or didactic purpose and does not prejudice the publication of the original work;
5. reproductions of sound and audiovisual works made within the family circle and exclusively intended for that circle;
6. caricature, parody and pastiche, observing fair practice;
7. free performance of a work during a public examination where the purpose of the performance is not the work itself, but assessment of the performer or performers of the work with a view to awarding them a certificate of qualification, a diploma or other title within the framework of an approved type of teaching.
8. duplicates, copies, restorations and transfers by the Cinémathèque, royale de Belgique, for the purpose of preserving the cinematographic heritage, provided that this does not prejudice the normal exploitation of the work or the legitimate interests of the author.
The material thus produced shall remain the property of the Cinémathèque, which shall not engage in any commercial use or use for profit. The author may have access to the material, subject to strict respect for the preservation of the work and fair remuneration for the intervention of the Cinémathèque.
(2) Where the subject matter of a report on current events concerns the work itself, the name of the author and the title of the work that is reproduced or quoted shall be acknowledged.
Art. 23.—(1) An author may not prohibit the lending of literary works, the scores of musical works, sound and audiovisual works where lending is carried out with an educational and cultural intention by institutions that are approved or officially established for that purpose by the public authorities.
(2) Lending of sound or audiovisual works may not take place earlier than six months after the first distribution of the work to the public.
After consultation with the institutions and the copyright administration societies, the King may, for all phonograms and first fixations of films or for some of them, extend or reduce the period of time referred to in the foregoing subparagraph.
(3) The institutions referred to in paragraph (1) that have been designated by the King may import copies of literary, sound or audiovisual works, as well as the scores of musical works, that have been the subject of a first lawful sale outside the European Union and have not been distributed to the public on the territory of the European Union, provided that such importation is for the purpose of public lending organized for educational or cultural purposes and does not relate to more than five copies or scores of the work.
Section 6 Provision Common to Sound and Audiovisual Works
Art. 24. An author who transfers or assigns his right of rental in a sound or audiovisual work shall maintain his right to equitable remuneration on account of the rental.
This right may not be waived by the author.
Section 7 Publishing Contracts
Art. 25. Publishing contracts shall state the minimum number of copies that make up the first printing.
However, this obligation shall not apply to a contract laying down a guaranteed minimum of royalties to be paid by the publisher.
Art. 26.—(1) The publisher shall be required to manufacture the copies of the work or have them manufactured within the agreed period of time.
Where not laid down by contract, this period of time shall apply in accordance with fair practice in the profession.
If the publisher does not comply with his obligation within the above stipulated time limit and without being able to give a legitimate reason, the author may recover the rights he has assigned, after service of notice addressed by registered mail with advice of delivery that has remained without effect for a period of six months.
(2) The publisher will undertake to pay, unless otherwise agreed, to the author remuneration that is proportional to the gross takings.
If the author has assigned the publishing rights to the publisher under conditions such that, in view of the success of the work, the lump sum remuneration agreed upon proves to be manifestly disproportionate to the profits obtained from exploitation of the work, the publisher shall be required, at the request of the author, to agree to modification of the remuneration to afford the author an equitable share in the profits. Authors may not waive enjoyment of this right in advance.
(3) A publisher may not assign his contract without the consent of the copyright owner, except in the event of the simultaneous transfer of the whole or a part of his enterprise.
Art. 27. Within three years of the expiry of the contract, the publisher may continue to market at the normal price the copies remaining in stock, unless the author prefers to buy the copies at a price which, in the absence of agreement, shall be fixed by the courts.
Art. 28. Notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, the publisher shall communicate to the author, at least once a year, a statement of sales, revenue and assignments for each type of exploitation.
Except in the case of a reprint, the publisher shall be freed of this obligation if the work is not exploited, in any manner whatsoever, during five consecutive years.
Art. 29. Independently of any other cause of termination of the publishing contract, the author may require termination if the publisher has carried out the destruction of all copies.
In the event of termination of the contract, the author shall be entitled to buy the copies still in stock at a price which, should there be no agreement between the publisher and the author, shall be fixed by the courts.
The fact that the author requires termination of the contract shall not affect any exploitation contracts validly concluded by the publisher with other parties, whereby the author shall have a direct claim against such parties for the payment of any agreed remuneration due to him on that account.
Art. 30. In the event of bankruptcy, legal settlement or liquidation of the publisher’s enterprise, the author may terminate with immediate effect the original contract by registered mail with advice of delivery.
All copies or reproductions covered by the copyright shall be offered preferentially to the author for purchase at a price which, in the event of disagreement between the trustee and the author, shall be determined by the court at the request of the most diligent party, after due summons of the trustee or the author and, where appropriate, after hearing the opinions of one or more experts.
The author shall forego his preferential right if he does not inform the trustee of his wish to avail himself of that right within 30 days of receiving the offer. The offer and the acceptance of the offer shall be made, on pain of nullity, by service of a writ or by registered mail with advice of delivery. The author of the work may waive his preferential right by service of a writ or by registered mail addressed to the trustee.
Where the procedure referred to in the second paragraph has been applied, the author may refuse, in the same manner, the offer made to him within a period of 15 days counted from the notification made to him by registered mail by the expert or experts of the certified copy of the report.
The cost of the expert opinion shall be shared between the estate and the author.
Section 8 Performance Contracts
Art. 31. Performance contracts shall be concluded for a limited duration or for a specific number of communications to the public.
The transfer or exclusive license afforded by the author with respect to live performances may not validly exceed three years; a period of two consecutive years without a performance being carried out shall automatically terminate the rights.
The holder of a performance contract may not assign that contract to any other person without the consent of the author save in the event of a simultaneous transfer of whole or a part of his enterprise.
Art. 32. The holder of a performance contract shall be required to communicate to the author or his successors in title the exact program of public performances and to supply to them a documented statement of the gross takings.
If the author has authorized the public presentation of a live performance under conditions such that, in view of the success of the work, the lump-sum remuneration agreed upon proves manifestly disproportionate in relation to the profits obtained from
exploiting the work, the holder of the performance contract shall be required, at the request of the author, to agree to a modification of the remuneration in order to afford the author an equitable share in the profits. An author may not waive enjoyment of this right in advance.
Chapter II Neighboring Rights
Section 1 General Provision
Art. 33. The provisions contained in this Chapter shall not prejudice authors’ rights. None of them may be interpreted as limiting the exercise of copyright. The neighboring rights afforded by this Chapter are movable rights that may be assigned and transferred, in whole or in part, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code. They may, in particular, be the subject of alienation or of a simple or exclusive license.
Section 2 Provisions on Performers
Art. 34. Performers shall enjoy an inalienable moral right in their performances. Overall renunciation of the future exercise of the right shall be null and void. A performer shall have the right to be named in accordance with the fair practice of the profession and also the right to prohibit false attribution.
Notwithstanding any renunciation, a performer shall maintain his right to oppose any distortion, mutilation or other modification of his performance or any other derogatory action in relation to his performance which would be prejudicial to his honor or his reputation.
Art. 35.—(1) The performer alone shall have the right to reproduce his performance or to authorize its reproduction in any manner and in any form whatsoever.
This right shall include the exclusive right to authorize rental or lending.
The performer alone shall have the right to communicate his performance to the public by any process whatsoever.
The performer’s rights shall include the exclusive right of distribution, which shall only be exhausted in the event of first sale, in the European Union, of reproductions of his performance by the performer or with his consent.
Variety and circus artists shall also be considered performers. Ancillary performers, recognized as such by professional practice, shall not be considered performers.
(2) All contracts relating to performers shall require written form.
The contractual provisions relating to the rights of performers and to their exploitation modes shall be interpreted restrictively. Assignment of an object incorporating a fixation of a performance shall not constitute a right to exploit that performance.
The assignee shall be required to carry out exploitation of the performance in accordance with fair practice in the profession.
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, the assignment of rights relating to as yet unknown forms of exploitation shall be null and void.
The assignment of economic rights relating to future performances shall only be valid for a limited time and only if the types of performance concerned by the assignment are specified.
(3) Where the performances are carried out by a performer in the execution of an employment contract or under a service relationship, the economic rights may be assigned to the employer on condition that assignment of rights is expressly provided for and that the performance falls within the scope of the contract or service relationship.
Where the performances are carried out by a performer in execution of a commission, the economic rights may be assigned to the person who has given the commission on condition that the latter’s activity is in the non-cultural field or in advertising, that the performance is intended for such activity and that the assignment of rights is expressly provided for.
In such cases, the third to fifth subparagraphs of paragraph (2) shall not apply.
Collective agreements may lay down the scope and conditions of transfer.
Art. 36. Unless otherwise agreed, the performer shall assign to the producer of an audiovisual work the exclusive right of audiovisual exploitation of his performance, including the rights required for such exploitation such as the right to add subtitles or to dub the performance, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 34.
A performer who refuses to complete his participation in the making of an audiovisual work or is not in a position to do so, may not oppose the use of his participation in order to complete the work. He shall be considered for that participation as a performer and shall enjoy the rights deriving therefrom.
Except for performances carried out in the making of audiovisual productions in the non-cultural field or for advertising, performers shall be entitled to separate remuneration for each exploitation mode. Where the agreed remuneration is proportional to takings, the producer shall communicate to the performers, in accordance with fair practice in the profession, a statement of the takings obtained for each exploitation mode.
Art. 37. In the case of a live performance by a group of performers, authorization shall be given by the soloists, conductors, directors or, for other performers, by the manager of their troupe.
Art. 38. The rights of performers shall expire 50 years after the date of the performance. However, if a fixation of a performance is lawfully published or communicated to the public, the right shall expire 50 years after the date of the first such event.
This term shall be computed as from January 1 of the year following the act that gives rise to it.
After the death of the performer, the rights shall be exercised by his heirs or legatees, unless the performer has allocated them to a specific person, taking into account the portion that must devolve upon the heirs.
Section 3 Provisions Common to Producers of Phonograms and of First Fixations of Films
Art. 39. Subject to Article 41 and without prejudice to the right of the author and of the performer, a producer of phonograms or of first fixations of a film alone shall have the right to reproduce his performance or to authorize reproduction thereof in any manner and in any form whatsoever.
This right shall also comprise the right to authorize rental or lending.
It shall also comprise the exclusive right of distribution which shall only be exhausted in the event of first sale, in the European Union, of the reproduction of his performance by the producer or with the latter’s consent.
The producer alone shall have the right to communicate to the public by any process whatsoever the phonogram or first fixation of the film.
The rights of producers of phonograms or of first fixations of films shall expire 50 years after the fixation. However, if the phonogram or the first fixation of the film has been lawfully published or communicated to the public during that period, rights shall expire 50 years after the date of the earlier of those events.
This term shall be computed as from January 1 of the year following the event that gives rise to it.
Section 4 Provision on the Rental of Phonograms and First Fixations of Films
Art. 40. A performer who transfers or assigns his rental right in a phonogram or in a first fixation of a film shall maintain his right to equitable remuneration with respect to the renting.
This right may not be waived.
Section 5 Provisions Common to Performers and Producers
Art. 41. Without prejudice to the author’s right, when a performer’s performance is lawfully reproduced or broadcast, the performer and the producer may not oppose:
1. its communication in a public place, on condition that the performance is not used in an entertainment and that no entrance fee to the place or no equivalent is charged to the public in order to enjoy that communication;
2. its broadcasting.
Art. 42. The use of performances in accordance with Article 41 shall generate a right, whatever the place of fixation, to equitable remuneration to be paid to the performers and producers.
The remuneration shall be paid by the persons who carry out the acts referred to in Article 41 to the copyright administration societies referred to in Chapter VII of this Law.
Failing agreement within six months of the entry into force of this Law between the copyright administration societies and the organizations representing those required to pay this remuneration, the remuneration shall be determined by a committee chaired by a magistrate designated by the presiding judge of the First Instance Court of Brussels. This committee shall be comprised of persons designated by the copyright administration societies for one half and by persons designated by the organizations representing those required to pay the remuneration for the other half.
The Minister with responsibility for copyright shall designate the copyright administration societies and the organizations representing those required to pay the remuneration.
Those required to pay the remuneration shall be required to supply as is reasonable all information required for collecting and distributing the royalties.
The committee shall determine the conditions under which such information and documents are to be furnished.
The committee shall take its decisions on a majority of votes. Where voting is equally divided, the chairman shall have a deciding vote.
The decisions of the committee shall be published in the Moniteur belge. They shall be made compulsory on other parties by Royal Decree.
Art. 43. Subject to the international conventions, the remuneration referred to in Article 42 shall be shared by the copyright administration societies half each between the performers and the producers.
The rights to remuneration referred to in Article 42 shall have respective durations identical to those laid down in Articles 38 and 39, final paragraph.
Section 6 Provisions on Broadcasting Organizations
Art. 44. The written agreement of the broadcasting organization shall be required to carry out the following acts:
(a) simultaneous or subsequent rebroadcasting of its broadcasts, including retransmission by cable and communication to the public by satellite;
(b) reproduction of its broadcasts by any process whatsoever, including the distribution of fixations of its broadcasts;
(c) communication of its broadcasts carried out in a place accessible to the public on payment of an entrance fee.
The right of distribution referred to in item (b) of the first paragraph shall only be exhausted in the event of first sale, within the European Union, of the fixation of the broadcast by the broadcasting organization or with its consent.
Art. 45. The protection referred to in Article 44 shall subsist for 50 years after the first diffusion of the broadcast.
This duration shall be calculated as from January 1 of the year following the event that gives rise to it.
Section 7 Provisions Common to Sections 1 to 6
Art. 46. Articles 35, 39, 42 and 44 shall not apply where the acts referred to in those provisions are carried out for the following purposes:
1. short quotations made for the purpose of criticism, polemics or teaching, or in scientific works, in accordance with fair practice and to the extent justified by the purpose, of the performances of the right holders referred to in Sections 2 to 6 of this Chapter;
2. the fixation, reproduction and communication to the public, for an informatory purpose, of short fragments of performances of the right holders referred to in Sections 2 to 6 in connection with reports on current events;
3. free and private performance carried out within the family circle or as part of school activities;
4. reproductions of performances of the holders of neighboring rights carried out in the family circle and exclusively intended for that circle;
5. caricature, parody or pastiche, observing fair practice;
6. free performance of a work during a public examination where the purpose of the performance is not the work itself, but assessment of the performer or performers of the work with a view to awarding them a certificate of qualification, a diploma or other title within a recognized teaching establishment.
7. preservation of the cinematographic heritage by the Cinémathèque royale de Belgique by means of duplicates, copies, restorations and transfers, provided that this does not prejudice the normal exploitation of the work or the legitimate interests of the owners of the neighboring rights.
The material thus produced shall remain the property of the Cinémathèque, which shall not engage in any commercial use or use for profit. The author may have access to the material, subject to strict respect for the preservation of the work and fair remuneration for the intervention of the Cinémathèque.
Art. 47.—(1) Performers may not prohibit the lending of phonograms or first fixations of films where the lending is carried out for an educational and cultural purpose by institutions that are recognized or are officially established for that purpose by the public authorities.
(2) The phonograms and the first fixations of films may not be lent until six months after the first distribution to the public of the work.
After consultation with the institutions and copyright administration societies, the King may extend or reduce the period of time laid down in the preceding subparagraph with respect to all phonograms and first fixations of films or for some of them.
(3) The institutions referred to in paragraph (1) that have been designated by the King may import phonograms or first fixations of films that have been the subject of a first lawful sale outside the European Union and have not been distributed to the public in the territory of the European Union, provided that such importation is for the purposes of public lending organized for educational or cultural purposes and does not relate to more than five copies of the phonogram or of the first fixation of the film.
Chapter III Communication to the Public by Satellite and Retransmission by Cable
Section 1 Communication to the Public by Satellite
Art. 48. In accordance with the foregoing Chapters and with the provisions hereafter, protection of copyright and of neighboring rights shall likewise extend to broadcasting by satellite.
Art. 49. Communication to the public by satellite shall be deemed to occur solely in that Member State of the European Union in which, under the control and responsibility of the broadcasting organization, the program-carrying signals are introduced into an uninterrupted chain of communication leading to the satellite and down towards the earth.
If it occurs in a non-member State and if such State does not afford the same level of protection as the foregoing Chapters, it shall nevertheless be deemed to have occurred in the Member State defined hereafter and the rights shall be exercisable therein, depending on the case, against the ground station operator or the broadcasting organization:
— where the program-carrying signals are transmitted by satellite from an uplink station located on the territory of a Member State, or
— where the broadcasting organization that has commissioned the communication to the public has its main establishment on the territory of a Member State.
Art. 50. For the purposes of Articles 48 and 49, communication to the public by satellite means the act of introducing, under the control and responsibility of the broadcasting organization, program-carrying signals intended for reception by the public into an uninterrupted chain of communication leading to the satellite and down towards the earth. If the program-carrying signals are encrypted then there is communication to the public by satellite on condition that the means for decrypting the broadcast are provided to the public by the broadcasting organization or with its consent.
Section 2 Retransmission by Cable
Art. 51. In accordance with the foregoing Chapters and with the conditions defined hereafter, the author and the holders of neighboring rights shall enjoy an exclusive right to authorize retransmission by cable of their works or their performances.
Art. 52. Retransmission by cable means the simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged retransmission by cable or by a microwave system for reception by the public of an initial
transmission, by wire or over the air, including that by satellite, of television or radio broadcasts intended for reception by the public.
Art. 53.—(1) The right of the author and of the holders of neighboring rights to authorize or prohibit retransmission by cable may only be exercised by a copyright administration society.
(2) Where the author or the holders of neighboring rights have not entrusted the administration of their rights to a copyright administration society, the society that administers rights in the same category shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the administration of their rights.
Where more than one copyright administration society administers rights in the category concerned, the author or the holders of neighboring rights may themselves designate the society that is to be deemed to have been entrusted with the administration of their rights. They shall have the same rights and the same obligations deriving from the contract concluded between the cable operator and the copyright administration society as the right holders who have entrusted that society with the defense of their rights. They may assert their rights within a period of three years as from the date of retransmission by cable of their work or their performance.
(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to rights exercised by a broadcasting organization with regard to its own broadcasts.
Art. 54.—(1) Where it is not possible to conclude an agreement authorizing retransmission by cable, the parties may have recourse to three mediators.
(2) The mediators shall be designated in accordance with the rules in Part Six of the Judicial Code applicable to the designation of arbitrators. They shall be persons of independence and impartiality. Their task shall be to assist in negotiations and they may formulate proposals after having heard the parties involved. Proposals shall be notified by registered mail with advice of delivery.
(3) The parties shall be deemed to have accepted the proposals made to them if, within three months of notification, none of them has opposed the proposals by means of a notification in the same form to the other parties.
Chapter IV Private Copying of Sound and Audiovisual Works Art. 55. Authors, performers and producers of phonograms and audiovisual works
shall be entitled to remuneration for the private reproduction of their works and performances, including those cases laid down in Articles 22(1), item 5, and 46(1), item 4, of this Law.
The remuneration shall be paid by the manufacturer, importer or intracommunity purchaser of mediums that may be used to reproduce sound and audiovisual works or of appliances permitting such reproduction on entry into circulation on the national territory of such mediums and such appliances.
The King shall lay down the detailed rules for collecting, distributing and verifying the remuneration as also the time at which it shall be due.
Subject to the international conventions, remuneration shall be distributed in accordance with Article 58 by the copyright administration societies between authors, performers and producers.
Subject to the conditions and detailed rules that He lays down, the King shall entrust a society that is representative of all the copyright administration societies to carry out the collection and distribution of that remuneration.
If an author or performer assigns his right to remuneration for private sound or audiovisual copying, he shall retain his right to obtain equitable remuneration with respect to the private copying.
This right to obtain equitable remuneration may not be waived by authors or performers.
The right to remuneration referred to in the first paragraph may not enjoy the presumptions referred to in Articles 18 and 36.
Art. 56. The remuneration referred to in Article 55 shall be laid down by Royal Decree deliberated on in the Council of Ministers and shall be computed as a function of the selling price applied by the manufacturer, intracommunity purchaser or importer of appliances permitting reproduction of the protected works and, where appropriate, as a function of the price of the mediums.
In the absence of such a Decree, remuneration shall be fixed at:
— three percent of the selling price fixed in the first paragraph for appliances permitting reproduction of protected works;
— two francs an hour for analog mediums;
— five francs an hour for digital mediums.
Art. 57. The remuneration referred to in Article 55 shall be refunded subject to conditions laid down by the King:
1. to the producers of sound and audiovisual works;
2. to the broadcasting organizations;
3. to officially recognized institutions subsidized by the public authorities for the purposes of keeping sound or audiovisual documents;
4. to the blind and those with impaired sight, to the deaf and those with impaired hearing as also to recognized institutions set up with regard to such persons;
5. to recognized teaching establishments that use sound and audiovisual materials for teaching or scientific purposes.
Refunds shall only be given for mediums intended for the conservation of sound and audiovisual materials and for their consultation on the spot.
Art. 58.—(1) The remuneration referred to in Article 55 shall be allocated, in thirds, to each of the following categories:
— authors;
— performers;
— producers of phonograms and audiovisual works.
(2) The Communities and the Federal State may decide to allocate 30 percent of the proceeds of the remuneration referred to in the foregoing paragraph to promoting the creation of works by means of a cooperation agreement in application of Article 92bis(1) of the Special Law of August 8, 1980, on Institutional Reform.
Chapter V Copying for Personal Use or Internal Use of Works Fixed on a Graphic or Similar Medium
Art. 59. The authors and publishers of works fixed on a graphic or similar medium shall be entitled to remuneration with respect to the reproduction of such works, including under the conditions set out in Article 22(1), item 4.
The remuneration shall be paid by the manufacturer, importer or intracommunity acquirer of appliances permitting the copying of protected works at the time such appliances enter into circulation on the national territory.
Art. 60. Furthermore, a proportional remuneration, determined as a function of the number of copies made, shall be payable by natural or legal persons who make copies of works or, as appropriate and in lieu of such persons, by those who make available to others for a charge or free of charge a reproduction appliance.
Art. 61. The King shall lay down the amounts of the remuneration referred to in Articles 59 and 60 by Decree deliberated on in the Council of Ministers. The remuneration referred to in Article 60 may be adjusted as required by the sectors concerned.
He shall lay down the detailed rules for collecting, distributing and verifying such remuneration as also the time at which it shall be due.
Subject to the international conventions, the remuneration laid down in Articles 59 and 60 shall be allocated, in equal parts, to authors and publishers.
Subject to the conditions and detailed rules He lays down, the King shall entrust a society that is representative of all the copyright administration societies to carry out the collection and distribution of such remuneration.
Chapter VI Provisions on Public Lending Art. 62.—(1) Authors shall have a right to remuneration in the event of the lending
of literary works or the scores of musical works as laid down in Article 23.
(2) The author, performer and producer shall have a right to remuneration for the lending of sound or audiovisual works as laid down in Articles 23 and 47.
Art. 63. After consultation with the institutions and the copyright administration societies, the King shall determine the amount of remuneration referred to in Article 62. Such remuneration shall be collected by the copyright administration societies.
Under the conditions and detailed rules He lays down, the King may entrust a society that is representative of all the copyright administration societies to carry out the collection and distribution of the remuneration for public lending.
After consultation with the Communities, and where appropriate at their initiative, the King shall lay down for certain categories of establishment that are recognized or established by the public authorities, an exemption or a lump-sum price for each act of lending in order to establish the remuneration referred to in Article 62.
Art. 64.—(1) Subject to the international conventions, the remuneration referred to in Article 62(1) shall be distributed between the authors.
(2) Subject to the international conventions, the remuneration referred to in Article 62(2) shall be distributed, by thirds, between the authors, the performers and the producers.
Chapter VII Copyright Administration Societies Art. 65. Any person who collects or distributes the rights afforded by this Law on
behalf of several owners of such rights shall be subject to the provisions of this Chapter. Such administration shall be carried out by a society that is regularly constituted in a country of the European Union in which it lawfully carries out the activities of a society for the collection or distribution of such rights.
The associates must be authors, performers, producers of sound or audiovisual works, publishers or the successors in title of the aforementioned persons.
If the society is established outside the countries of the European Union, it shall perform its activities in Belgium through a society or establishment that is regularly constituted in a country of the European Union and of which the person responsible for administration satisfies the conditions laid down in Article 198 of the Coordinated Laws on Commercial Companies.
Art. 66. The society shall have the obligation to administer the rights afforded by this Law where the holder of such rights so requests, to the extent that it is in compliance with the purpose and statutes of the society.
The statutes of societies may in no event limit the right of persons they represent to be represented within the organs of the society.
Notwithstanding any stipulation to the contrary, the statutes, regulations or contracts of societies may not prevent an entitled person from entrusting the administration of one or more categories of works or of performances of his repertoire to the society of his choice nor from assuming their administration himself.
In the event of withdrawal, and without prejudice to earlier legal acts carried out by his society, the entitled person shall be required to comply with an adequate period of notice.
The societies shall be required to permit consultation on the spot of the repertoires that they administer.
Art. 67. The societies referred to in Article 65 shall be authorized by the Minister with responsibility for copyright to carry out their activities on the national territory. A Royal Decree shall determine the manner in which authorizations shall be requested and the conditions for granting such authorizations.
The Minister may withdraw authorization in the event of conditions for grant not having been complied with or where the society commits or has committed serious or repeated infringements of the provisions of this Law.
Refusal to grant authorization and withdrawal of authorization shall be accompanied by reasons.
Withdrawal shall take effect on expiry of a period of two years counted from notification of withdrawal. Withdrawal of authorization shall imply termination of the contract of membership or the brief given by the members of the society to the society.
All grants of authorization and all withdrawals shall be published in the Moniteur belge.
Art. 68. The societies shall be supervised by a commissioner appointed in the same manner as for limited companies.
He shall be chosen from among the members of the Institute of Company Auditors; he shall bear the title of auditor-commissioner.
All provisions of the Coordinated Laws on Commercial Companies concerning auditor-commissioners in limited companies shall likewise apply to the auditor- commissioner referred to in the second paragraph.
Art. 69. Any funds received that cannot be allocated in a final manner shall be distributed between the persons entitled in the category concerned by the societies, in accordance with conditions approved by a two-thirds majority of the general meeting.
Failing such majority, a new general meeting shall be specially convened for that purpose and shall decide on a simple majority.
The use made of such sums shall be the subject, each year, of a special report by the auditor-commissioner.
Art. 70. Without prejudice to any information that must be communicated in accordance with the laws and statutes, any associate or his representative may obtain, within a period of one month as from the date of his request, a copy of the documents for the last three years concerning:
1. the annual accounts approved by the general meeting and the financial structure of the society;
2. an up-to-date list of the administrators;
3. the reports made to the meeting by the administrative council and by the auditor- commissioner;
4. the text and the statement of reasons of resolutions proposed to the general meeting and any information on candidates for the administrative council;
5. the overall amount, certified by the auditor-commissioner, of remuneration, of lump-sum costs and of advantages of any nature whatsoever, paid to the administrators;
6. the up-to-date tariffs of the society;
7. the use made of the funds which have had to be redistributed in accordance with Articles 13(2) and 69.
Art. 71. Societies shall have the faculty, within the limits of their statutory competence, to conclude overall contracts relating to the exploitation of copyright and neighboring rights.
Art. 72. This Law shall not affect representation contracts concluded by the societies, referred to by the Law, or contracts concluded between such societies and other parties in accordance with earlier laws.
This provision shall not apply where such societies have requested the authorization referred to in Article 67 within six months of the entry into force of the Royal Decree referred to in that Article.
The request shall be accompanied by a copy of their statutes and of the last three approved balance sheets.
Authorization shall be afforded automatically at the request of the societies that have effectively carried out the activity referred to in Article 65 for at least three years preceding the entry into force of this Law or that have assumed such activities from a society or association that had exercised them during the same period.
Art. 73. Societies shall have the capacity to go to law to defend the rights with which they are statutorily entrusted.
Art. 74. In addition to the reports of officers or servants of the judicial police, proof of a performance, reproduction or exploitation of any kind as also that of any incorrect statement concerning the works performed or reproduced or concerning the takings may be provided by ascertainment by a court bailiff or, unless proved otherwise, of an agent designated by the administration societies and approved by the Minister with responsibility for copyright and sworn in accordance with Article 572 of the Judicial Code.
Art. 75. The societies shall communicate their annual accounts to the Minister with responsibility for copyright and shall inform him, two months prior to examination by the general meeting, of any proposal to amend the statutes, tariffs or rules for collection and distribution.
Art. 76. The Minister shall designate a delegate to each society. The delegate shall ensure application of the Law and of the statutes as also of the
tariffs and rules for collection and distribution referred to in Article 75.
He may act on his own initiative or at the request of the Minister or of any interested party.
The society shall be required to furnish him with any document or information required for his task.
He shall have access to the books and other accounting documents of the society.
The delegate shall report to the Minister on his activities and inquiries and communicate to those who have requested them the results of such inquiries.
The service status and emoluments of the delegate shall be laid down by Royal Decree.
The Minister shall have the right to engage in legal proceedings with a view to the punishment of any violation of the Law or of the Statutes.
Without prejudice to Article 67, repeated violation of the statutes and regulations of the society may lead to withdrawal of approval by the Minister.
Art. 77. The delegate may enter on the agenda of the general meeting of the society the limitation of the society’s operating costs and the designation of an expert to report to the meeting.
Art. 78. The agents of the administration society and all other persons who participate in the collection of remuneration due under Chapters IV to VI shall be under an obligation of professional secrecy with respect to all information of which they obtain knowledge in or on the occasion of the exercise of their functions. Breach of secrecy shall be punishable under Article 458 of the Penal Code.
Chapter VIII General Provisions
Section 1 Field of Application
Art. 79. Without prejudice to the provisions of the international conventions, foreign authors and holders of neighboring rights shall enjoy in Belgium the rights warranted by this Law, whereby the term of such rights may not exceed the term laid down by Belgian law.
However, should such rights expire at an earlier date in their own country, they shall cease at the same time to have effect in Belgium.
Furthermore, where it is ascertained that Belgian authors and Belgian holders of neighboring rights enjoy less extensive protection in a foreign country, the nationals of such country may only enjoy the provisions of this Law to that same extent.
Notwithstanding the first paragraph, reciprocity shall apply to the right for remuneration for private copying of publishers, performers and producers of phonograms or first fixations of films, without prejudice to the Treaty on the European Union.
Section 2 Penal Provisions
Art. 80. Any malicious or fraudulent infringement of copyright and neighboring rights shall constitute an offense of counterfeiting.
The same shall apply to malicious or fraudulent use of the name of an author or of a holder of a neighboring right or of any distinctive sign adopted by such person to designate his work or his performance; such articles shall be deemed counterfeit.
Any person who knowingly sells, hires, places on sale or on hire, holds in storage for hire or for sale or who introduces onto the Belgian territory with a commercial intent such counterfeit articles shall be guilty of the same offense.
The provisions of Book 1 of the Penal Code, including Chapter VII and Article 85, shall apply to the offense of counterfeiting.
The provisions of Chapter XI of the Law of July 3, 1969, establishing the value- added tax code shall apply to infringements of the provisions of Chapters IV to VI and infringements of their implementing decrees, where-by the word “tax” shall be replaced by the word “remuneration.”
Art. 81. The offenses referred to in Article 80 shall be punishable by a fine of between 100 and 100,000 francs. Any repeat of the offenses referred to in Article 80 shall be punishable by imprisonment of between three months and two years and a fine of between 100 francs and 100,000 francs or one only of these penalties.
Art. 82. In the event of a performance carried out in infringement of copyright or neighboring rights, the takings may be seized as the produce of the offense. They shall be allocated to the claimant in proportion to the share of his work or his performance in that performance and will be taken into account when assessing the damages.
Art. 83. The court may order posting of judgments given in application of Article 81 for a period that it will determine, both outside and inside the infringer’s installations and at the cost of the infringer, as also publication of the judgment, at the cost of the infringer, in newspapers or in any other manner.
Art. 84. Legal persons shall have civil liability in respect of damages that are ordered, fines, costs, confiscations, restitutions and any other monetary sanctions ordered as a result of infringement of the provisions of this Law, against their administrators, representatives and servants.
Likewise, the members of any commercial association not having legal personality may be declared to have civil liability where an infringement has been committed by an associate, manager, servant or agent with respect to an operation falling within the activities of the association.
Art. 85. In the event of a repeat of the infringements referred to in this Law, the court may order the closure, either final or temporary, of the establishment run by the sentenced person.
Art. 86. Receipts and articles confiscated may be allocated to the civil party in account of or up to the amount of the damages suffered.
Section 3 Civil Proceedings in Copyright
Art. 87.—(1) Without prejudice to the competence of the first instance court, the presiding judge of that court shall ascertain the existence and order termination of any infringement of copyright or of a neighboring right.
The proceedings shall be instituted and examined in chambers.
A decision shall be given on the proceedings notwithstanding any proceedings in respect of the same facts before a criminal court.
The decision shall be provisionally enforceable, notwithstanding any appeal and without security, unless the judge orders that a security be provided.
Proceedings shall be instituted at the request of any interested party, of an authorized administration society or of a professional or interprofessional group possessing legal personality.
In addition to termination of the disputed act, the presiding judge may order, in the manner he deems appropriate, publication of all or a part of the judgment at the cost of the defendant.
(2) Surrender of the counterfeited objects and of the plates, moulds, dies or any other appliances having directly served to commit the infringement and which are still in the possession of the defendant may be ordered to be set off against the damages due to the plaintiff.
In the event of bad faith on the part of the defendant, the latter shall be sentenced to confiscation of the counterfeit articles and of the plates, moulds, dies or other appliances having directly served to commit the infringement or, where appropriate, to payment of an amount equal to the price of those articles or other goods already transferred.
Section 4 Transitional Provisions
Art. 88.—(1) This Law shall apply to works and performances carried out prior to its entry into force and that are not in the public domain at that time.
(2) It shall also apply to works and performances which are protected by copyright on July 1, 1995, in at least one Member State of the European Union.
However, renewal of the rights may not be invoked against persons who in good faith have undertaken the exploitation of works or performances that belonged to the public domain prior to July 1, 1995, insofar as they continue the same modes of exploitation.
(3) This Law shall not affect rights acquired by virtue of law or through the effect of legal instruments nor to acts of exploitation carried out before its entry into force.
(4) Contracts for the exploitation of works and other protected elements in force on the date of entry into force of this Law shall be subject to Articles 49 and 50 as from January 1, 2000, if they expire later than that date.
(5) Where an international coproduction contract concluded prior to January 1, 1995, between a coproducer of a Member State of the European Union and one or more coproducers of other Member States or of non-member States expressly provides for distribution arrangements between the coproducers of the exploitation rights by geographic area for all means of communication to the public without separating the arrangements applicable to communication to the public by satellite from the provisions applicable to other means of communication, and in the event of communication to the public by satellite of the coproduction prejudicing the exclusivity, particularly the
linguistic exclusivity, of one of the coproducers or of one of his assignees for a given territory, authorization by one of the coproducers or his assignees for a communication to the public by satellite shall be subject to the prior consent of the person enjoying that exclusive right, whether coproducer or assignee.
Section 5 Repealing Provisions
Art. 89.—(1) The Law of March 22, 1886, on Copyright is hereby repealed. (2) The Law of June 25, 1921, imposing a royalty on the public sale of works of art
for the benefit of the artists who are the authors of the works sold shall be repealed at the date of the entry into force of Articles 11 to 13 of this Law.
Art. 90. In Article 1 of the Law of April 8, 1965, establishing statutory deposit with the Royal Library of Belgium, the words “phonographic and” are deleted.
Section 6 Amending Provisions
Art. 91. Article 572 of the Judicial Code is supplemented by an item 11, worded as follows:
“11. persons designated by the copyright and neighboring rights administration societies in order to ascertain any exploitation whatsoever of a work or of a performance as also any incorrect statement concerning such exploitation.”
In Article 19 of the Mortgage Law of December 16, 1851, constituting Title XVIII of the Civil Code, an item 4decies is inserted, worded as follows:
“4decies. sums owed to authors referred to by the Law of June 30, 1994, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights.”
The words “and neighboring rights” are added to Article 96, paragraph 1 of the Law of July 14, 1991, on Trade Practices and Consumer Information and Protection.
Section 7 Entry Into Force
Art. 92.—(1) With the exception of the provisions referred to in paragraphs (2) to (7) of this Article, this Law shall enter into force on the first day of the month following that during which it has been published in the Moniteur belge.
(2) Articles 11 to 13 shall enter into force at the date of entry into force of the Royal Decree referred to in the second paragraph of Article 13.
(3) Articles 42 and 43 shall enter into force at the date of entry into force of the Ministerial Order referred to in the fifth paragraph of Article 42.
(4) Articles 22(1), item 5, 46, item 4, and 55 to 58 shall enter into force at the date of entry into force of the Royal Decrees referred to in the third and fifth paragraphs of Article 55 and in Article 57 and at the latest on the first day of the thirteenth month following the month of publication of this Law in the Moniteur belge.
(5) Articles 22(1), item 4, and 59 to 61 shall enter into force at the date of the entry into force of the Implementing Decrees referred to in Article 61.
(6) Articles 62 to 64 shall enter into force at the date of the entry into force of the Royal Decrees referred to in the first and third paragraphs of Article 63.
(7) 1. Articles 65, 66, 68, 69 and 70 shall enter into force on the first day of the twelfth month following that during which this Law is published in the Moniteur belge.
2. Articles 67 and 72 shall enter into force at the date of entry into force of the Royal Decree referred to in the second paragraph of Article 67.
3. Articles 76 and 77 shall enter into force at the date of entry into force of the Royal Decree referred to in the seventh paragraph of Article 76.