IPC Definitions - February 7, 2013
A01 - Definition
In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Plant | Any of a kingdom (Plantae) of multicellular eukaryotic mostly photosynthetic organisms typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls. |
A01B - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Seat constructions | A47C |
Wheels | B60B |
Shelters for drivers | B60J |
Seats specially adapted for vehicles, arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles | B60N 2/00 |
Wheel scrapers | B60S 1/68 |
A01D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Methods, apparatus or hand tools for
Hand rakes.
Forks.
Non-abrasive sharpening devices for scythes, sickles or the like.
Containers for whetstones for use during harvesting.
Machines specially adapted for binding of harvested hay, straw or similar crops in the field.
Arrangements for making or setting of stacks, used in connection with harvesting.
Vehicles specially adapted for carrying harvested crops with means for self-loading or unloading.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Combined or convertible apparatus
This subclass covers mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations (e.g. threshing) while mowing, mowers convertible to apparatus for purposes other than mowing (e.g. for sweeping snow), and mowers capable of performing operations other than mowing (e.g. soil-working). The non-mowing parts of such mowers are only covered by this subclass if they are immediately associated with the mowing parts or the mowing process. Otherwise they are covered by the places for the non-mowing operations.
This subclass covers digging harvesters (e.g. for root crops) combined with apparatus performing additional operations (e.g. topping, separating or planting) while harvesting. The non-harvesting parts of such combinations are only covered by this subclass if they are immediately associated with the harvesting parts or the harvesting process. Otherwise they are covered by the places for the non-harvesting operations.
Hand tools for soil working
This subclass covers hand tools for soil working when specially adapted for harvesting, for example of root crops. This subclass also covers rakes and forks. A01B covers hand tools for soil working in general, e.g. spades, shovels or hoes, with the exception of rakes and forks.
Binding
This subclass covers apparatus specially adapted for binding of harvested hay, straw or similar crops, with the exception of stationary apparatus or hand tools, which are covered by A01F 1/00, and binding apparatus specially adapted for baling presses, which is covered by A01F 15/14. Binding in general is covered by B65B, for example B65B 13/00 and B65B 27/12.
Shredding or pulverising
This subclass covers the shredding or pulverising of stubble or other vegetation in situ, e.g. for the purpose of producing mulch, but does not cover other mechanical destruction of unwanted vegetation, which is covered by group A01M 21/02.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Soil working tools or machines for weeding or thinning | A01B |
e.g. | A01B 1/16, A01B 39/18, A01B 41/00 |
Transplanting | A01C 11/00, A01G 23/04 |
Machines for cutting sods or turf from lawns or meadows | A01B 45/04 |
Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes, e.g. flower shears, fruit shears, secateurs or hedge shears | A01G 3/00 |
Delimbing of standing trees | A01G 3/00 |
Uprooting or felling of trees | A01G 23/02 |
Tapping of tree juices | A01G 23/10 |
Apparatus for destruction of unwanted vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Machines that pick up mown material from the ground and bale it | A01F 15/00 |
Machines that pick up mown material from the ground and cut it, e.g. field choppers | A01F 29/01 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Agricultural soil working in general | A01B |
Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil | A01B 43/00 |
Parts, details or accessories of agricultural machines in general | A01B 51/00-A01B 76/00 |
Threshing | A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00, A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00 |
Baling of hay, straw or the like | A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00 |
Stacks for storing of harvested products | A01F 25/04 |
Cutting machines specially adapted for hay, straw or the like | A01F 29/00 |
Floral handling | A01G 5/00 |
"Harvesting" of oysters, mussels, sponges or the like | A01K 80/00 |
Treatment of harvested fruit or vegetables, not otherwise provided for, e.g. extracting juice, cleaning of vegetables or topping of onions | A23N |
Preparation of tobacco | A24B |
Making harvesting tools | B21 |
e.g. | B21D 53/68, B21D 53/72, B21H 7/08, B21H 7/10, B21K 11/08, B21K 11/14, B21K 19/00 |
Sharpening of cutting edges in general | B24B, B24D |
e.g. | B24B 3/00, B24D 15/06 |
Handles for hand implements in general | B25G |
Hand-held cutting tools in general | B26B |
Cutting in general | B26D |
Wheels | B60B |
Vehicles specially adapted for load transportation, or for transporting, carrying or comprising special loads or objects, in general | B60P |
Wheel scrapers | B60S 1/68 |
Conveyers in general | B65G |
Hoisting or lifting in general, e.g. hay hoists | B66 |
e.g. | B66C 11/24 |
Removing undesired matter from land, not otherwise provided for | E01H 15/00 |
Dredging or soil-shifting in general | E02F |
e.g. | E02F 3/28, E02F 5/28 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Combine (noun) | Harvester or mower combined with a threshing device. |
Fork | Hand tool having two or more tines that are used for lifting, digging or pitching. |
Harvest (verb) | Perform one of the methods defined in the definition statement in order to make use of the separated, mown or gathered plantmaterial. |
Hay | Mown forage crop in a dry or partially dry state. |
Haymaking | Working on mown forage crop lying on the ground with the intention to make hay. |
Mow (verb) | Cut down grass, cereals or other standing plants. |
Thresh (verb) | Separate grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts (e.g. cereals, maize/corn, peas, beans or pine cones) by mechanical action (e.g. shaking, stamping, rubbing, beating or applying intermittent pressure). |
A01D 3/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Abrasive or similar sharpening devices | B24D 15/06 |
A01D 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Whetting implements | B24D 15/00 |
A01D 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Haymakers, crop conditioners | A01D 76/00-A01D 84/00 |
A01D 23/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processing of harvested produce in bulk | A01F 29/00, A23N |
A01D 37/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Features relating to mowing only | A01D 34/00 |
Features relating to binding only | A01D 39/00 |
A01D 41/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Threshing devices for combines | A01F 7/00-A01F 12/00 |
A01D 59/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bundling articles for packaging in general | B65B 13/00 |
A01D 59/12 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Twine balls or their manufacture | B65H |
A01D 61/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Conveying in general | B65G |
Hoisting, lifting, in general | B66 |
A01D 75/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Sharpening machines or devices per se | B24B, B24D |
A01D 75/18 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Safety devices in general | F16P |
A01D 75/20 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Safety devices in general | F16P |
A01D 87/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Loading in general | B65G, B66 |
A01D 90/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Load transporting vehicles modified to facilitate loading, in general | B60P |
Bucket cars, i.e. having scraper bowls | E02F 3/64 |
A01F - Definition
This subclass covers:
The scope of this subclass is composed of five separate parts, relating to the five parts of the subclass title. For ease of reference each section of these definitions is separated under five corresponding simplified headings: "Threshing", "Baling", "Bundling", "Cutting" and "Storing".
Threshing (relating to main groups A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00 and A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00):
Methods and apparatus for separating grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts by mechanical action.
Baling (relating to main groups A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00):
Methods and apparatus for forming bales of straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin.
Bundling (relating to main group A01F 1/00):
Stationary apparatus or hand tools for forming or binding bundles of straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin.
Cutting (relating to main groups A01F 3/00 and A01F 29/00):
Apparatus specially adapted for cutting or disintegrating straw, hay or like already harvested products of plant origin.
Storing (relating to main group A01F 25/00):
Mechanical aspects (e.g. materialhandlingaspects) of apparatus (e.g. silos) or methods that are specially adapted for storing harvested agricultural or horticultural crops.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Threshing
Main groups A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00 and A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00 provide for threshing devices and for accessories that are directly connected with threshing. Combines, and details of combines that are not directly connected with the threshing action (e.g. mowing, feeding or vehicular features) are covered by A01D.
Baling
Main groups A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00 are application-oriented places for methods or apparatus for baling that are specially adapted for straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin. Baling of compressible fibrous material in general is provided for in B65B 27/12. Baling presses in general is provided for in B30B 9/30. Bales of material are provided for in B65D 71/00.
Bundling
Main group A01F 1/00 is an application-oriented place for stationary apparatus or hand tools for bundling, which are specially adapted for straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin. Binding of harvested products by mobile apparatus in the field is provided for in A01D, for example in A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00 and A01D 59/00. Bundling of compressible fibrous material in general is provided for in B65B 27/12. Bundling of articles in general is provided for in B65B 13/00.
Cutting
Main groups A01F 3/00 and A01F 29/00 are application-oriented places for apparatus or methods that are specially adapted for cutting up or disintegrating straw, hay or like already harvested products of plant origin. Mowing and other cutting down of standing plants is covered by A01D and A01G. Cutting in general is covered by B26. Disintegrating in general, e.g. by rotating knives, is covered by B02C.
Storing
Main group A01F 25/00 is an application-oriented place for mechanical aspects (e.g. materialhandlingaspects) of apparatus or methods that are specially adapted for storing harvested agricultural or horticultural crops. Containers for storage of articles or materials in general is covered by B65D. Storing and associated handling of bulk material or articles in general is covered by B65G. Civil-engineering aspects of silos or similar bulk storage containers are covered by section E, for example E04H 7/00.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Separation of grains or seeds from plants in the place where they grow | A01D |
e.g. | A01D 41/08, A01D 45/00, A01D 46/00 |
Combines | A01D 41/00, A01D 45/00, A01D 57/00, A01D 61/00-A01D 75/00 |
Field threshers with windrow pick-up apparatus | A01D 41/10 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Coring or stoning of fruit | A23N 3/00, A23N 4/00, A47J 23/00, A47J 25/00 |
Removing seed-containing sections from fruit | A23N 4/00, A23N 7/08 |
Hulling, husking or cracking of nuts | A23N 5/00, A47J 43/26 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks | A01D 85/00 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks in connection with harvesting | A01D 85/00 |
Cutting or disintegrating in combination with mowing | A01D 43/08 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Shredding tea leaves | A23F 3/12 |
Fodder mashers for preparing animal feeding-stuff | A23N 17/02 |
Cutting tobacco | A24B 7/00 |
Spice mills | A47J 42/00 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks, used in connection with harvesting | A01D 85/00 |
Devices for preserving flowers | A01G 5/06 |
Arrangements in barns for treatment of tobacco | A24B 1/02 |
Suspending devices for tobacco leaves | A24B 1/08 |
Cabinets for perishable goods | A47B 71/00 |
Fruit or potato storage cabinets, racks or tray for domestic use | A47B 75/00 |
Closed containers for foodstuffs | A47J 47/02 |
Drying or storing hops | C12C 3/02, C12C 3/04 |
Civil engineering aspects of bulk storage containers, e.g. silos | E04H 7/00 |
Vehicles for carrying harvested crops with bale-forming means additionally used for loading | A01D 90/08 |
Packing or pressing tobacco | A24B 1/10 |
Apparatus for binding bouquets or wreaths of flowers | A01G 5/02 |
Packing or pressing tobacco | A24B 1/10 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating solids using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B |
Separating solids from solids by dry methods, in general | B07B |
Hulling, husking, decorticating or removing awns otherwise than in connection with threshing | B02B 3/00 |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Forming of bundles of straw, hay or like material of plant origin | A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00, A01D 57/00-A01D 75/00, A01F 1/00 |
Loaders for bales | A01D 87/12, A01D 90/08 |
Baling of compressible fibrous material in general | B65B 27/12 |
Baling presses in general | B30B 9/30 |
Bales of material | B65D 71/00 |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Mobile binders for use while harvesting | A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00, A01D 57/00-A01D 75/00 |
Loaders for sheaves | A01D 87/12 |
Forming of bales | A01F 13/00, A01F 15/00 |
Bundling of compressible fibrous material in general | B65B 27/12 |
Bundling of articles in general | B65B 13/00 |
Mowing | A01D |
Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes, e.g. flower shears, fruit shears, secateurs or hedge shears | A01G 3/00 |
Apparatus for destruction of unwanted vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Household implements for mashing potatoes or other foodstuff | A47J 19/04 |
Disintegrating in general | B02C |
Hand-held cutting tools | B26B |
Cutting in general | B26D |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Protecting growing plants | A01G 13/00 |
Preservation of plants or parts thereof | A01N 3/00 |
Preserving flour by storage in an inert atmosphere | A21D 4/00 |
Preservation of fruits or vegetables | A23B 7/00 |
Preservation of edible seeds | A23B 9/00 |
Preservation of edible oils or fat | A23D 7/06, A23D 9/06 |
Preservation of materials to produce animal feeding stuff | A23K 3/00 |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general | A23L 3/00 |
Containers for storage of articles or materials in general | B65D |
Storage and associated handling of bulk material or articles in general | B65G |
Conserving hops | C12C 3/04 |
Refrigerators, cold rooms, or the like | F25D |
Drying in general | F26B |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Bale (noun) | A compressed, solid package of harvested material, which is either held together by thread or webs or formed by the material itself (with or without additives) to maintain its shape. |
Bundle (noun) | A relatively loose package of harvested material, normally consisting of straws or stalks that are oriented in parallel to each other. It can either be held together by thread or webs or be formed by the material itself. |
Combine (noun) | Harvester or mower combined with a threshing device. |
Harvest (verb) | Separate useful parts from growing plants in situ, mow plants, or gather whole plants or their useful parts from the ground or from where the plants grow, with the intention to make use of the separated, mown or gathered plantmaterial. |
Mow (verb) | Cut down grass, cereals or other standing plants. |
Threshing | Separation of grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts (e.g. cereals, maize/corn, peas, beans or pine cones) by mechanical action (e.g. shaking, stamping, rubbing, beating or applying intermittent pressure). |
A01H - Definition
This subclass covers:
New plants (including multicellular algae, multicellular fungi and lichens).
Processes for modifying genotypes or phenotypes.
Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques.
Methods or apparatus for producing changes in chromosome number.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Unicellular algae | C12N 1/12 |
Fungal micro-organisms | C12N 1/14 |
Specific mutations prepared by genetic engineering on plant cell or plant tissues | C12N 15/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Influencing the growth of plants without producing new plants, non-chemically. | A01G 7/00 |
Influencing the growth of plants without producing new plants, chemically. | A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00 |
A01K 5/00 - Definition
In this main group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
A01K 7/00 - Definition
In this main group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
A01K 9/00 - Definition
In this main group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
A01M 29/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Stationary means for catching or killing insects by using illumination | A01M 1/04, A01M 1/08 |
A01M 29/12 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects | A01M 1/20 |
Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases | A01M 13/00 |
A01M 29/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flame-throwers | A01M 15/00 |
A01M 29/16 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Beater rattles for hunting | A01M 31/04 |
A01M 29/22 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Beater rattles for hunting | A01M 31/04 |
Special rules of classification
A01M 29/16 takes precedence.
A01M 29/24 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals, other than insects, by hot water, steam, hot air, or electricity | A01M 19/00 |
Electric traps | A01M 23/38 |
Electrified wire fencing | A01K 3/00 |
A01M 29/28 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Killing insects by electric means | A01M 1/22 |
A01M 29/30 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals | E04H 17/00 |
A01M 29/34 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Adhesive bands or coatings for trees | A01M 1/18 |
A01N - Definition
This subclass covers:
Compositions, physical forms thereof, and the application or method of use of specific materials, compositions, or single compounds for the following purposes:
Compositions used to protect the wound and scions of newly grafted plants or to cover the wounds on pruned plants (i.e. grafting wax).
Chemical agents used for the sexual sterilization of invertebrates (e.g. insects).
Relationship between large subject matter areas
While substances that chemically modify a plant's metabolism are classified in A01N, compositions that affect the growth of a plant solely by supplying nutrients ordinarily required for growth, e.g. fertiliser, plant food, are classified in C05. Materials used to prevent or cure mineral deficiencies in plants, such as iron chelates used to cure iron chlorosis, are also classified in C05.
The activities (e.g. rodenticidal, herbicidal) of biocidal, pest repellent, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory preparations must also be classified in A01P, when such activities are determined to be invention information.
When biocides, pest repellents, pest attractants or plant growth regulators are compounds or contain compounds which are determined to be invention information, the compounds must also be classified in C01, C07, C08, or C12N. When these compounds are considered to be of interest for search purposes, they may also be classified in C01, C07, C08, or C12N.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus therefor | A01G 5/06 |
Preservation of food or foodstuff, e.g. pasteurizing, sterilizing | A23B, A23K 3/00, A23L 3/00 |
Preservation or chemical ripening of harvested fruits or vegetables | A23B 7/00 |
Compositions for medical, dental or toilet purposes which kill or prevent the growth or proliferation of unwanted organisms | A61K |
Sex sterilants for animals other than invertebrates | A61K |
Mixtures of pesticides with fertilisers | C05G |
Fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, disinfecting or antiseptic paper | D21H |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Plant grafting | A01G 1/06 |
Devices for preserving flowers | A01G 5/06 |
Electric or magnetic treatment of plants for promoting growth | A01G 7/04 |
Sterilising soil by steam | A01G 11/00 |
Protecting plants (e.g. protective covers; devices for generating heat, smoke or fog; devices protecting against animals) | A01G 13/00 |
Means for catching or killing insects | A01M 1/00, A01M 5/00 |
Apparatus for destroying vermin in soil or food stuffs | A01M 17/00 |
Apparatus for the destruction of vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Scaring devices e.g. bird-scaring apparatus | A01M 29/00 |
Hunting decoys | A01M 31/06 |
Methods or apparatus for disinfection or sterilisation of materials not characterized by the agent employed | A61L 2/00, A61L 12/00 |
Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides, pesticides | C09D 5/14 |
Anti-fouling paints and underwater paints | C09D 5/16 |
C09K 17/00 | |
Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells or tissues and their cultivation and maintenance | C12N 5/00 |
Biocidal agents (e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, or insecticidal agents) which are in or on paper | D21H 21/36 |
Special rules of classification
In groups A01N 27/00-A01N 65/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place for an active ingredient.
A composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more active ingredients is classified in the last of groups A01N 27/00-A01N 65/00 that provides for at least one of these active ingredients.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by classification according to the last appropriate place of an active ingredient, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according the last appropriate place, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
Where a compound is described as existing in tautomeric forms, it is classified as if existing in the form which is classified last in the system.
Compounds that are covered by different main groups because of alternatively specified functional groups or other structural features of their formulae are classified in each relevant main group.
Salts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified as the compound providing the essential ion and is also classified as the compound providing the other ion.
Salts or metal chelates of an organic compound are classified as the compound.
In this subclass, a foodstuff is not considered to be an active ingredient.
Different materials applied in sequence, at different times, are considered to be a mixture of all materials employed.
Synergistic or potentiated compositions are classified as if the synergist or potentiator is an active ingredient.
In groups A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00, the symbol X means nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or a halogen; Y means nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. A dotted line between atoms indicates an optional bond, e.g. .... indicates one or two single bonds or a double bond.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Acaricide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying mites and ticks or making them less harmful. |
Alkali metal | One of the following elements: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr. |
Alkaline earth metal | One of the following elements: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra. |
Arthropodicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying arthropods, e.g. insects, arachnids, crustaceans or making them less harmful. |
Biocide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any living organism (e.g., plant, animal). Examples of a biocide are: acaricide, arthropodicide, fungicide, insecticide, molluscicide, rodenticide (see Synonyms and Keywords). |
Disinfectant | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating microorganisms. |
Fungicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying moulds and fungi or making them less harmful. |
Halogen | One of the following elements: F, Cl, Br, I, At. |
Heavy metal | A metal other than light metal. |
Herbicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying plant life or making it less harmful. |
Insecticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying insects or making them less harmful. |
Light metal | One of the following elements: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, Be, Al, Mg. |
Metal | An element other than non-metal. |
Molluscicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying molluscs, e.g. snails, clams or making them less harmful. |
Non-metal | One of the following elements: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gas, halogen. |
Pesticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying any pest (e.g., insects, rodents) or making it less harmful. |
Plant | A young tree, shrub, vegetable, or flower newly planted, or intended for planting |
Plant growth regulator | Materials which alter the plant or may affect plant growth through a chemical modification of the plant metabolism, such as auxins. |
Rodenticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying rodents, e.g. rats, mice or making them less harmful. |
A01N 25/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants | A01M |
A01N 25/18 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fumigators | A01M 13/00 |
A23B - Definition
This subclass covers:
Methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables (preservation of raw potatoes) or edible seeds by heating, drying, freezing, irradiating, smoking, using chemicals or micro-organisms, etc. and compositions therefor.
Apparatus for preserving meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds using liquids, solids or gases.
Apparatus, methods, and compositions for coating meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds with a protective layer.
Apparatus for compressing sauerkraut.
Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables with liquids, solids or gases.
Preserved, ripened or canned products (i.e., meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds), per se.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general is classified in group A23L 3/00 while A23B includes the methods of preserving meat, sausages, fish, , fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds as well as the chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables. A classification in A23B is proper if the preservation method is for specific types of foods which are covered in A23B. If a food in general is being preserved by a specific preservation method it is classified in A23L 3/00.
Preserving, protecting, or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging and apparatus therefor are classified in B65B 55/00. Preserving meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds and apparatus therefor not restricted to packaging are classified in A23B.
B65D 81/00 deals with containers, packaging elements or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents. More specifically, B65D 81/28 deals with applications of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants to the container or the packaging material, per se to prevent deterioration or decay. A23B deals with preserving meat, sausages, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds, per se.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products; Their preparation or treatment | A23L 1/06 |
Preparation of cooked potatoes | A23L 1/216 |
Applying food preservatives in packages | B65D 81/28 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparation of fruits or vegetables | A23L 1/212 |
Preparation of fruits or vegetables by pickling, e.g. sauerkraut | A23L 1/218 |
Preserving foodstuffs in general | A23L 3/00 |
Machines for washing or blanching fruits or vegetables in bulk in combination with subsequent drying | A23N 12/06 |
Machines for drying or roasting fruits or vegetables in bulk | A23N 12/08 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Egg product | All or portion of the contents found inside eggs separated from the shell and that may be pasteurized in a food processing plant, with or without added ingredients, intended for human consumption, such as dried frozen or liquid eggs. Egg products do not include food which contains eggs only in a relatively small proportion, such as cake mixes. |
Fish | Any fish, including shellfish and crustaceans, and marine animals (marine being defined as "of, found in, produced by the sea"), and any parts, products or by-products thereof. |
Fish product | A product containing a predominant amount of fish |
A23B 4/20 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Acid fermentation | A23B 4/12 |
A23B 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preserving dough or bakery products | A21D |
A23B 7/154 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Acid fermentation | A23B 7/10 |
A23D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines, and their working-up and the preservation of finished products.
Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils, microbial oils and their working-up and the preservation of finished products.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Foods or foodstuffs containing edible oils or fats are classified in the relevant parts A21D, A23G, A23L. Fats derived from milk are classified in A23C (e.g. A23C 13/00 and A23C 15/00).
C07C covers acyclic and carbocyclic compounds, e.g. esters of carboxylic acids (C07C 69/00), but not their use in food stuff which is covered by A23D.
C11B covers the production and purification/refining of oils and fats as well as their recovery from waste material, but not limited to those oils and fats which are suitable for use in foodstuffs. C11B does not cover mixtures of fats or oils with water or other edible oils or fats, which are covered by A23D.
C11C covers fatty acids that are not or no longer esterified with glycerol (although the process or esterification of said fatty acids with glycerol is covered) and their modifications, as well as candles.
A23L 1/29 covers food with modified nutritive qualities, e. g. dietetic food, functional food.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Animal-feeding stuff | A23K 1/00 |
Use of substance as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing or foam-producing agents | B01F 17/00 |
Mineral oil (kerosene, paraffin waxes, petroleum, gasoline, diesel), biodiesel | C10 |
Preparation of fats or fatty oils by using microorganism or enzymes | C12P 7/64 |
Investigating or analyzing edible oils or fats by specific methods | G01N 33/03 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Oil | An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid state ("oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally). This general definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, petrochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance. The word "oil" is used for any substance that does not mix with water and has a greasy feel, such as petroleum (or crude oil) and heating oil, regardless of its chemical structure. |
Edible oil | Edible or cooking oil is fat of plant, animal or microbial origin, which is liquid at room temperature and is suitable for food use. Some of the many different kinds of edible vegetable oils include: olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil, pumpkin seed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, grape seed oil, sesame oil, argan oil and rice bran oil. Many other kinds of vegetable oils are also used for cooking. The generic term "vegetable oil" when used to label a cooking oil product refers to a blend of a variety of oils often based on palm, corn, soybean or sunflower oils. Edible oil of animal origin is e.g. fish oil. Microbial oil are also encompassed. |
Fat | Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. Chemically, fats are generally triesters of glycerol and fatty acids. Fats may be either solid or liquid at normal room temperature, depending on their structure and composition. Although the words "oils", "fats", and "lipids" are all used to refer to fats, "oils" is usually used to refer to fats that are liquids at normal room temperature, while "fats" is usually used to refer to fats that are solids at normal room temperature. "Lipids" is used to refer to both liquid and solid fats, along with other related substances. Fats form a category of lipid, distinguished from other lipids by their chemical structure and physical properties. This category of molecules is important for many forms of life, serving both structural and metabolic functions. They are an important part of the diet of most heterotrophs (including humans). Fats or lipids are broken down in the body by enzymes called lipases produced in the pancreas. |
Shortening | is a fat used in food preparation, especially baked goods, and is so called because it promotes a "short" or crumbly texture (as in shortbread). The term "shortening" can be used more broadly to apply to any fat that is used for baking and which is solid at room temperature, such as lard, but as used in recipes it refers to a hydrogenated vegetable oil that is solid at room temperature. Shortening generally has a higher smoke point than butter and margarine, and it may have 100% fat content, compared to about 80% for butter and margarine. |
A23D 7/05 - Definition
In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential cooling | The cooling is an essential, i.e. indispensable characteristic of the working-up. |
A23F - Definition
This subclass covers:
Tea.
Tea substitutes, e.g. mate, lemon balm, rose hips.
Extracts or infusions of tea and tea substitutes.
Tea flavour, tea oil.
Methods of manufacturing, preparing and modifying tea and tea substitutes, e.g. oxidation, fermentation, removing caffeine, extraction, drying, concentrating, flavouring.
Coffee.
Coffee substitutes, e.g. grain coffee.
Extracts or infusions of coffee and coffee substitutes.
Coffee flavour, coffee oil.
Methods of manufacturing, preparing and modifying coffee and coffee substitutes, e.g. treating green coffee, roasting, grinding, removing caffeine, extraction, drying, concentrating, flavouring.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
This subclass does not cover chemical compounds, e.g. alkaloids such as caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, or their preparation as such, which subject matter is covered by classes C07 (organic chemistry) and C08 (organic macromolecular compounds).
Physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general, e.g. boiling, extraction or filtration, are covered by class B01.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Picking of tea | A01D 46/04 |
Picking of coffee | A01D 46/06 |
Synthetic tea flavours | A23L 1/226 |
Synthetic coffee flavours | A23L 1/234 |
Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee | A23N 12/00 |
Coffee mills | A47J 42/00 |
Medicinal preparations containing plantmaterial from tea or tea substitutes or from coffee or coffee substitutes | A61K 36/00 |
e.g. | A61K 36/74, A61K 36/82, A61K 36/28 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chocolate, confectionery or ice-cream containing coffee or tea | A23G |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. freeze-drying or spray-drying | A23L |
Shaping or working of foodstuffs, not fully covered by a single other subclass, e.g. agglomerating, granulating or tabletting | A23P |
Coffee or tea pots | A47G 19/14 |
Tea infusers, e.g. egg-shaped infusers | A47G 19/16 |
Tea or coffee pot cosies | A47G 19/20 |
Apparatus for making beverages, e.g. coffee or tea | A47J 31/00 |
Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package, i.e. filling tea bags | B65B 29/02 |
Attaching, or forming and attaching, string handles or tags to tea bags | B65B 29/04 |
Disposable containers or packages with contents which are infused or dissolved in situ | B65D 85/804 |
Disposable tea bags | B65D 85/808 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Alkaloid | The stimulant xanthine drugs caffeine, theobromine and theophylline contained in coffee beans and/or tea leaves. |
Coffee | Stimulant product or beverage made from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, which come from a plant of the genus Coffea, e.g. Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora. |
Coffee substitutes | Coffee substitutes (solid or liquid) are non-coffeeproducts normally without caffeine, used to substitute coffee while preserving its taste. Grain coffee and other substitutes can be made by roasting or decocting various organic substances. Common ingredients include acorn, barley and malt, beech nut, chicory root, corn, fig and rye. |
Decaffeination | Process of removing the alkaloid caffeine from coffee beans or tea leaves. |
Herbal tea, tisane, ptisan | Any Camellia sinensis-free product or beverage prepared by hot water infusion of plantmaterial, usually leaves but also including fruits, flowers and possibly even bark or other parts. Herbal teas are belonging to the group of tea substitutes. |
Tea | Stimulant product or beverage made from the leaves of the traditional teaplant (Camellia sinensis). |
Tea substitutes | Tea substitutes (solid or liquid) are non-teaproducts, i.e. not coming from the traditional teaplant (Camellia sinensis), e.g. mate (Ilex paraguariensis), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rose hips (Rosa canina), etc.; cf. herbal tea. |
In patent documents the words "Lyophilisation" and "freeze-drying" are often used as synonyms.
A23J - Definition
This subclass covers:
Obtaining of protein compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. from meat, fish or sea animals, blood, eggs, hair, cereals, leguminous or other vegetable seeds, waste water, yeasts or milk.
Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites.
Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs, e.g. by texturising using freezing, extrusion, expansion, coagulation from or in a bath; by hydrolysis using chemical agents or enzymes.
Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs, e. g. lecithin.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Phosphatides in oils or fats are classified in C11B
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Treatment of flour or dough by adding proteins before or during baking | A21D 2/26 |
Dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese; milk or cheese substitutes; making thereof | A23C 9/00, A23C 11/00, A23C 17/00-A23C 23/00 |
Cocoa products | A23G 1/44 |
Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan | A23G 3/44 |
Chewing gum | A23G 4/14 |
Frozen sweets containing peptides or proteins | A23G 9/38 |
Food or foodstuffs containing proteins as gelling or thickening agents | A23L 1/0562 |
Dietetic products containing proteins as additive | A23L 1/305 |
Proteins as adding ingredients for non-alcoholic beverages | A23L 2/66 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Animal feeding-stuff | A23K 1/00 |
Protein compositions or phosphatide compositions for pharmaceuticals or cosmetics | A61K 8/64, A61K 9/38, A61K 9/64 |
Phosphatides per se | C07F |
General processes for the preparation of peptides | C07K 1/00 |
Peptides e.g. oligopeptides, proteins | C07K 4/00-C07K 14/00 |
Immunoglobulins | C07K 16/00 |
Carrier-bound or immobilised peptides and preparation thereof | C07K 17/00 |
Hybridpeptides | C07K 19/00 |
Macromolecular materials from blood | C08H |
Preparation of glue | C09H |
Gelatin not for foodstuffs | C09H 1/00-C09H 9/04 |
Analysis of food | G01N 33/02 |
Enzymes and preparation thereof | C12N 9/00 |
Preparation of peptides or proteins using fermentation or enzymes | C12P 21/00 |
Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing or foam-producing agents | B01F 17/30 |
Special rules of classification
In groups A23J 3/04-A23J 3/20, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
Subject matter classified in groups A23J 3/22-A23J 3/30 is also classified in groups A23J 3/04-A23J 3/20, if the nature of the protein is of interest.
A23K - Definition
This subclass covers:
Feeding-stuffs that are specially adapted, processed or formulated for non-human animals;
Processes that are specially adapted for production of such animal feeding-stuffs;
Processes that are specially adapted for preservation of materials (e.g. grass or roots) in order to produce such animal feeding-stuffs.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
This subclass only covers feeding-stuffs that are disclosed as being specially adapted, processed or formulated for non-human animals. Foods or foodstuffs that are of unspecified use or specially adapted for human beings are covered by other subclasses for foodstuffs (see the references below), for example the other subclasses of A23.
Processes for production of foods or foodstuffs that are of unspecified use, or specially adapted for human beings, are covered by the relevant subclasses therefor, see the references below.
Apparatus that is specially adapted for production of animal feeding-stuffs is covered by A23N 17/00.
Mechanical aspects that are of general utility are covered by other subclasses, see the references below.
This subclass only covers processes for preservation that are specially adapted for production of animal feeding-stuffs. Preservation of foods or food-stuffs that are of unspecified use or specially adapted for human beings, are covered by the relevant subclasses therefor, for example A23Band A23L 3/00 (see the references below).
Mechanical aspects of processes for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs are classified in other subclasses, for example A01F 25/00 and F26B(see the references below).
Haymakers, i.e. apparatus for working on mown forage crop lying on the ground with the intention to make hay, are classified in A01D 76/00-A01D 84/00. Haymakers may include means for mechanical treatment of mown crops in the field, for example for crop-conditioning.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Mechanical aspects of methods that are specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural crops (e.g. in silos) | A01F 25/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus specially adapted for cutting or disintegrating straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin | A01F 29/00 |
Manufacture of dairy products | A01J |
Animal husbandry; Care of birds, fishes or insects | A01K |
Preparation of bait for angling | A01K 97/04 |
Preservation of plants in general | A01N 3/00 |
Biocides, pest repellants or pest attractants | A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00 |
Machines or equipment for making or processing doughs | A21C |
Treating of flour or dough | A21D |
Processing meat, poultry or fish | A22C |
Preserving meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds; The preserved products | A23B |
Dairy products; Making dairy products | A23C |
Edible oils or fats | A23D |
Protein compositions for foodstuffs; Working-up proteins for foodstuffs; Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs | A23J |
Foods or foodstuffs not covered by subclasses A23Bto A23J Their preparation or treatment | A23L 1/00 |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general | A23L 3/00 |
Machines or apparatus for treating harvested fruit or vegetables in bulk, not otherwise provided for | A23N 1/00-A23N 15/00 |
Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs | A23N 17/00 |
Shaping or working of foodstuffs | A23P |
Veterinary methods | A61D |
Medicinal preparations | A61K |
Mixing in general | B01F |
Disintegrating in general | B02C |
Granulating materials | B01J 2/00 |
Cutting in general | B26D |
Presses in general, e.g. for making briquettes | B30B |
Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof | C08B |
Derivatives of natural macromolecular compounds | C08H |
Producing animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes | C11B |
Preparation of fats, oils, or fatty acids | C11C |
Micro-organisms or enzymes; Compositions thereof | C12N |
Fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition | C12P |
Sugar industry | C13 |
Drying solid materials | F26B |
In patent documents the expressions "feed" and "feedstuff" are often used instead of "feeding-stuffs", which is used in the classification scheme of this subclass.
A23K 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Detoxicating or removing bitter tastes from seeds, e.g. lupin seeds for fodder or food | A23L 1/211 |
A23K 1/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Proteins from blood | A23J 1/06 |
A23K 1/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preserving food | A23B, A23L |
A23K 1/18 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Milk Substitutes | A23C 11/00 |
A23K 3/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Silos | E04H |
A23L - Definition
This subclass covers:
Any foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages that are not covered by the following subclasses:
Examples of foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages covered by this subclass are:
Preparation or treatment of the above foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages provided for in this subclass, including:
Modification of such foods or beverages to change their nutritional content for dietary reasons, and these modified foods or beverages per se.
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general, e.g. by pasteurising, sterilising, heating, freezing, drying, pressurising, irradiation or treatment with chemicals, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
In relation to foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages per se, and in relation to their preparation and treatment including physical treatment, this subclass is residual to subclasses A21D, A23B, A23C, A23D, A23F, A23G or A23J. These subclasses relate to flour or dough (A21D), dairy products (A23C), edible oils or fats (A23D), coffee, tea or their substitutes (A23F), cocoa, chocolate, confectionery or ice-cream (A23G) and protein compositions (A23J).
In relation to preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general, this subclass is the primary home for this subject-matter. However, preservation subject matter specifically adapted for certain foods can also be found in any of the above subclasses. For example, preservation of flour or dough or bakery products is subject-matter for subclass A21D, and preservation of meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables and edible seeds e.g. cereals is subject matter for subclass A23B. Preservation of milk or milk preparations is subject matter for subclass A23C.
In relation to preservation, deciding between this subclass and the other subclasses listed above is generally a matter of function or application (see Guide Paragraphs 85-87). Where the particular preservation technology is the main point of interest classification is made in this subclass, and where the application to particular foodstuffs is the main interest classification is made in the subclasses listed above. Some double-classification is evident.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Treating harvested fruit or vegetables in bulk | A23N |
Machines or apparatus for extracting juice | A23N 1/00, A47J 19/00 |
Shaping or working of foodstuffs not fully covered by this or a single other subclass | A23P |
Preserving foods or foodstuffs in association with packaging | B65B 55/00 |
Packages for foodstuffs with provision for absorbing fluids | B65D 81/26 |
Preparation of malt for brewing | C12C |
Preparation of non-alcoholic beverages by removal of alcohol | C12H 3/00 |
Edible extracts or preparations for medicinal purposes | A61K |
See above. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apiculture | A01K 47/00-A01K 59/00 |
Machines for making | A21C |
Enriched flour | A21D 2/00 |
Processes specially adapted for particular foods or foodstuffs | A23 |
Milk products | A23C |
Milk preparations | A23C 9/00 |
Milk substitutes, coffee whitener compositions | A23C 11/00 |
Coffee, tea or their substitutes | A23F |
Natural coffee or tea flavour | A23F 3/40, A23F 5/46 |
Working-up proteins for foodstuffs | A23J 3/00 |
Animal foods | A23K |
Apparatus for baking, roasting, grilling or frying | A47J 37/00 |
Emulsifiers in general | B01F 17/00 |
Purifying water, e.g. by ion-exchange | C02F, C02F 1/42 |
Essential oils in general | C11B 9/00 |
Preservation of alcoholic beverages | C12H |
Devices for drying foodstuffs | F26B |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Food, foodstuffs | In addition to the commonly accepted foods or foodstuffs, the term in this subclass also extends to cover less traditional items such as thickening agents (e.g. starch), flavouring agents, artificial sweeteners, food colouring agents, etc. |
A23L 1/222 - Definition
In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential oil | A concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants |
A23L 1/307 - Definition
In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Nutritive value | The nutritive value represents the energetic or calorific content of nutrition |
A44B - Definition
This subclass covers:
The following fasteners or their essential parts:
Making slide fasteners, touch-and-close fasteners (e.g. VELCRO®, hook-and-loop, barb-and-pile fabrics), and other fasteners of this subclass.
Accessories or ancillary devices for the fasteners of this subclass when they are used exclusively with one of the varieties of fasteners (e.g. button cards) or have their operations either influencing or being influenced by the operation of the fastener (e.g. slide fastener pulling cords).
The following additional devices associated with either the fasteners of this class or accoutrements, garments, and haberdashery:
Note
The only "other types" of fasteners appropriate for this subclass are those that are capable of use with or actually used with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. Therefore, it must be either a commonly known practice to use a particular type of fastener with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery (e.g., snap fasteners) or the patent documents for a particular type of fastener must frequently disclose their use with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. However, it is not required that all, or even the majority, of the fasteners covered by a particular category of fastener be specially adapted for use, or disclose their intended use, with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Fasteners per se that either (a) require a tool for completing their normal fastening (e.g. screws, nails, stitches) or (b) are destroyed or destructively deformed to fasten or unfasten (e.g. staples, rivets) are excluded from A44B. These fasteners per se
However, when F16B types of fasteners or other tool driven or deformed fasteners are used to mount fasteners or fastener components appropriate for A44B, and are attached to or cooperate with at least one of their components, they are properly classified within A44B as an additional feature of the fasteners with which they are utilized.
Fasteners appropriately classified within A44B are often broadly claimed or disclosed in combination with the structure they secure or fasten. If the detail of the structure they secure or fasten specifies only the portion of the structure (e.g. dress belt tip or holes) necessary for either completing the fastening operation or mounting the fastening means, the combinations are proper for A44B.
If the details of the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery being secured are more than that needed to complete the fastening operation or mount the fastener, then the combination is appropriate for the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery subclasses (e.g. A41D, A41F).
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Fastening devices specially adapted for specific types of garments | A41F |
Buttonholes or eyelets for buttonholes | A41F 1/02 |
Corset fasteners | A41F 1/04 |
Glove fasteners | A41F 1/06 |
Garter fasteners | A41F 1/08 |
Belts, girdles, or waistbands for trousers or skirts | A41F 9/00 |
Thumbtacks | B43M 15/00 |
Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together | F16B |
Hand-manipulated hooks or eyes (e.g. swivel hook for dog leash) | F16B 45/00 |
Appliances or methods for marking-out, perforating, or making buttonholes | A41H 25/00 |
Appliances or methods for setting fasteners on garments | A41H 37/00 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make haberdashery | B21D 53/46 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make buttons | B21D 53/48 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make metal slide fasteners parts | B21D 53/50 |
Wire-working to produce devices for fastening (e.g. slide fastener elements, buttons) | B21F 45/16 |
Pressure or injection die casting of slide fasteners and slide fastener parts | B22D 17/16 |
Producing slide fastener elements from plastic or other substances in a plastic state | B29D 5/00 |
Producing buttons or semi-finished button parts from plastic or other substances in a plastic state | B29D 19/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For garments in general | A41D |
For protective aprons having fastening devices | A41D 13/04 |
For neckties having fastening or holding devices associated with the knot or collar | A41D 25/00 |
For hats having fastening devices | A42B 1/00 |
For head covering fastening means other than hatpins | A42B 7/00 |
For laces in general and for footwear having fastening devices | A43C |
For machines, tools, equipment, or methods for setting fasteners on footwear | A43D 100/00 |
For brooches or clips having decorative or ornamental aspects | A44C 1/00 |
For medals or badges having pin fastening devices | A44C 3/00 |
For hair-holding devices | A45D 8/00 |
For work bench type holding clamps | B25B 5/00 |
For paper clips or like paper fasteners for temporarily attaching sheets together | B42F 1/02 |
For elements specially adapted for fastening, fixing, or finishing upholstery | B68G 7/12 |
For sewing apparatus or machines with mechanism for lateral movement of the needle or the work or both for making ornamental pattern seams, for sewing buttonholes, for reinforcing openings, or for fastening articles (e.g. buttons) by sewing | D05B 3/00 |
For sewing needles | D05B 85/00 |
For hand operated latches or bolts for doors or windows (e.g., door hooks) | E05C |
Special rules of classification
Decorative mock-fastening devices that do not function as fasteners (e.g. ornamental buttons on coats, fake zippers on clothing), but that look like the fasteners or one of their essential parts covered by A44B, are classified within the main groups of this subclass that provide for the fasteners they are intended to resemble.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Button | A hand manipulated fastener that includes a rigid or semirigid portion (i.e. button) which is attached (e.g. sewn) to the structure it is intended to fasten or secure (e.g. clothing) in a manner that allows its reorientation by either movement about its attachment or movement of the structure it secures. A button is intended to be used with a complementary opening having a flaccid portion (e.g. buttonholes, looped cords) that forms the second essential part of the fastener. |
Buckle | A hand manipulated fastener including engaging or holding means and structure for guiding during fastening, which can selectively hold a cooperating strap or belt that is either the structure secured (e.g. end of a dress belt) or a second portion of the fastener (e.g. securing strap of a backpack flap). |
Pin | A hand manipulated fastener that includes both (1) a portion specifically shaped (e.g. pointed) to facilitate impaling of and penetration into the structure fastened or secured and (2) a remaining portion (e.g. head) intended to be manually pushed on that does not penetrate the structure fastened or secured. |
Slide fastener | A hand manipulated fastener that includes (1) two, opposed, elongated, configured surfaces that are each attached by mounting means to a secured structure and are intended to directly contact and interlock with each other when fastened and (2) a sliding device that is much shorter in length than the surfaces and which travels along their length to forcibly shift them into or out of interlocking engagement. |
In patent documents the words slide fastener and zipper are often used as synonyms.
In patent documents the words cufflink and sleeve-link are often used as synonyms.
A44B 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Setting on garments | A41H 37/10 |
Setting on footwear | A43D 100/08 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make buttons | B21D 53/48 |
Producing buttons or semi-finished parts of buttons from plastic or other substances in a plastic state | B29D 19/00 |
Special machines for making cotton buttons | D05C 7/12 |
A44B 9/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Other fastening means for head coverings | A42B 7/00 |
A45B - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tables with means for holding umbrellas | A47B 37/04 |
A45D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Processes of waving, straightening or curling hair;
Hair-curling or hair-waving appliances, e.g. curling-tongs;
Devices for heating or accessories for hair curling appliances;
Hair holding devices;
Devices for washing or colouring the hair or scalp;
Hair drying devices or accessories therefor;
Devices for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers;
Hair combs or accessories therefor;
Shaving accessories;
Manicuring or pedicuring implements;
Artificial nails;
Containers, casings or accessories for handling toilet or cosmetic substances;
Sachet pads for liquid substances;
Hand, pocket, or shaving mirrors;
Hairdressers’ equipment, e.g. protecting mantles, stands for performing hairdressing work, specially adapted furniture;
Other toilet or cosmetic equipment.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Removing hair using electrosurgical instruments | A61B 18/04 |
Removing hair using electrosurgical instruments | A61B 18/18 |
Preparations for care of the hair | A61Q 5/00 |
Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal | A61Q 9/00 |
Devices for sharpening razor blades | B24D 15/06 |
Scissors combined with auxiliary implements, e.g. manicure instruments | B26B 13/22 |
Hair-trimming devices using a razor blade | B26B 21/00 |
Devices for dispensing new razor blades | B65D 83/10 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Receptacles in general, e.g. etuis for traveling | A45C 11/00 |
Hairdressers’ chairs | A47C 1/04 |
Handbags or purses with mirrors | A45C 15/04 |
Cabinets for shaving tackle | A47B 67/02 |
Mirrors as household equipment | A47G 1/02 |
Devices for collecting used scalpel blades | A61B 17/3217 |
Chiropodists’ instruments | A61B 17/54 |
Wigs, toupees or the like | A61G 3/00 |
Guards or sheaths for hand cutting tools | B26B 29/00 |
Sample tables or the like | G09F 5/00 |
A45D 2/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Base clamps per se | A45D 6/08 |
A45D 2/34 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Base clamps per se | A45D 6/10 |
A45D 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparations for waving or straightening the hair | A61K 8/00, A61Q 5/04 |
A45D 27/22 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cabinets for shaving tackle | A47B 67/02 |
Containers in general | B65D |
A45D 27/42 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Masks for marking lips or eyelashes | A45D 40/30 |
Ear, face or lip protectors for other toilet or cosmetic purposes | A45D 44/12 |
A45D 29/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chiropodists' instruments | A61B 17/54 |
A45D 29/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hand cutting tools with two jaws which come into abutting contact | B26B 17/00 |
A45D 29/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Files in general | B23D 71/00 |
A45D 29/20 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Receptacles for travelling or like purposes | A45C 11/00 |
A45D 33/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For applying therapeutic or disinfecting substances | A61M 35/00 |
A45D 40/26 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For applying liquid paint | A45D 34/04 |
A45D 42/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mirrors as household equipment | A47G 1/02 |
A45D 44/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hairdressers' coats | A41D 13/00 |
A45D 44/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Combined with chairs | A47C 1/10, A47C 7/36 |
A47B - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Storing articles in warehouses or magazines | B65G 1/00 |
Built-in cupboards as part of a building | E04F 19/08 |
Step-stools | A47C 12/00 |
Furniture joints | F16B |
A47J - Definition
This subclass covers:
Devices for domestic (or restaurant) use for preparing, cooking, or warming food or for making beverages. Storing and handling arrangements for these devices. Devices for storing food.
Preparing, cooking, or warming food refers to the various possible stages when preparing a meal:
Devices for preparing, cooking, or warming food therefore include:
Domestic implements or machines for preparing food, e.g.
Domestic cooking implements, e.g.
Devices for warming drinks or food
Warming vessels containing drinks or food
Heat insulated chambers to warm or to keep food warm
Devices for gripping, lifting or supporting above devices (pincers, pads)
Culinary hand implements for handling or supporting food during preparing/cooking/warming
Making beverages refers to:
Devices for making beverages therefore include:
Storing and handling of devices for preparing, cooking, or warming food or for making beverages refer to:
Storing and handling arrangements therefore include:
Storing food refers to:
Devices for storing food therefore include:
Relationship between large subject matter areas
This subclass is primarily intended for domestic kitchen equipment for preparing/cooking/warming food. Preparing/cooking/warming foodstuff on an industrial scale is not covered by this subclasses and will be classified in the following places:
Implements for table use will be classified in A47G.
Subclass A47J further covers the domestic making of (hot) beverages, in particular the preparing of tea or coffee by extraction with hot water. Other apparatuses and methods for preparing beverages mostly on industrial scale are classified in the following subclasses:
In relation to the subclasses that cover domestic stoves or ranges for solid or liquid fuel in general, this subclass is an application place. Features of stoves or ranges which are of general interest should be classified in the relevant general place, such as F24B, F24C.
Storing arrangements in A47J does not cover cabinets or racks in general even with provision for attachment of kitchen implements. This subject matter is classified with the subclass for cabinets or general details of furniture A47B. Devices for fastening household utensils are classified in A47G. Storage containers (both thermally insulated as without thermal insulation) in general are classified in B65D.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus for treating milk in dairies, e.g. appliances for preventing or destroying milk foam, aerating or de-aerating milk | A01J 11/00 |
Hand devices for forming slabs of butter in dairies | A01J 19/00 |
Machines for forming slaps of butter in diaries | A01J 21/00 |
Apparatus for smoking food | A23B 4/044 |
Machines or apparatus for treating harvested fruit or vegetables in bulk | A23N |
Machines or apparatus for extracting juice | A23N 1/00 |
Machines for coring or stoning fruits in bulk | A23N 3/00 |
Machines for stoning fruits or removing seed containing sections | A23N 4/00 |
Peeling vegetables or fruit in bulk | A23N 7/00 |
Machines for removing stalks from fruit | A23N 15/00 |
Making ice cream | A23G 9/00 |
Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or table-ware | A47L 15/00 |
Apparatus or implements used in manual washing or cleaning of crockery, table-ware, cooking-ware or the like | A47L 17/00 |
Drying devices for crockery or table-ware, e.g. tea-cloths | A47L 19/00 |
Polishing of table-ware, e.g. knives, forks, spoons | A47L 21/00 |
Table devices or equipment, e.g. table ware | A47G |
Brewing of beer | C12C |
Preparation of wine or other alcoholic beverages | C12G |
Traveling cookers heated by gaseous fuels | F24C 3/14 |
Domestic stoves or ranges | F24B, F24C |
Microwave ovens | F24C 7/02, H05B 6/64 |
Induction heating hobs | H05B 6/12 |
Lunch boxes, picnic boxes or the like | A45C 11/20 |
Table service | A47G 19/00 |
Vessels or pots for table use | A47G 19/12 |
Coffee or tea pots | A47G 19/14 |
Tea infusers, e.g. tea eggs | A47G 19/16 |
Table ware | A47G 21/00 |
Devices for fastening household utensils, or the like, to tables, walls, or the like | A47G 29/087 |
Weighing spoons | G01G 19/56 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bakers’ ovens, non-domestic baking apparatus or equipment | A21B |
Machines or equipment for making or processing dough; handling baked articles made from dough | A21C |
Provers, i.e. apparatus permitting dough to rise | A21C 13/00 |
Preparation of non-alcoholic beverages, e.g. by adding ingredients to fruit or vegetable juices | A23L 2/00 |
Machines for roasting coffee in bulk | A23N 12/08 |
Racks or shelf units | A47B |
Kitchen cabinets | A47B 77/00 |
Disintegrating, e.g. mincing | B02C |
Spouts in general | B05B 1/22 |
Hand-held cutting tools not otherwise provided for | B26B |
Cutting characterised by the cutting member or nature of the cut performed; Details of apparatus for severing | B26D |
Containers with thermal insulation in general | B65D 81/38 |
Dispensing beverages on draught | B67D 1/00 |
Removing cooking fumes from domestic stoves or ranges | F24C 15/20 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
cooking | boiling, braising, steaming, pressure cooking, frying, baking, roasting, grilling or barbecuing food note: in A47J/27 cooking includes only boiling, braising, steaming and pressure cooking |
boiling | cooking food by submerging it in boiling water, or other water-based liquid (stock, milk); keeping liquid foodstuff (or water) at a boiling temperature |
braising | |
steaming | cooking food in an atmosphere with hot steam |
pressure cooking | cooking food at a pressure different than that of the atmosphere |
super-atmospheric cooking | pressure cooking at a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere note: often called "pressure cooking" |
sub-atmospheric cooking | pressure cooking at a pressure lower than that of the atmosphere, e.g. by using a pump to remove the air from the cooking environment note: sometimes called "vacuum cooking", although "vacuum cooking" refers more often to vacuum flask cooking |
vacuum flask cooking | cooking food inside a removable pot sealed inside a vacuum flask for prolonged heating with minimum heat loss |
frying | Cooking food in hot oil or fat, e.g. pan frying, deep frying |
Frying inside a frying pan or wok, or on a griddle or grill pan | cooking food on a hot surface such as a frying pan, wok, griddle or grill pan, usually in a thin layer of hot oil or fat note: frying pan: called skillet in American English griddle: a sheet of metal of appropriate thickness with a flat frying surface grill pan: frying pan which has raised metal ridges for the food to sit on (often used for "frying" without the use of oil or fat, to get a pattern similar than that achieved by direct barbecuing, called "grilling" in American English) |
deep (fat) frying | cooking food by submerging it in hot oil or fat |
baking | cooking food by dry heat acting by conduction note: normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones; baked food products are dough-based products like pastries, cakes or bread, or baked potatoes, baked apples, baked beans,... |
roasting | cooking food with dry high heat, in an oven or near hot coals note: usually resulting in a caramelised surface; the food surface is often basted during roasting |
grilling | applying direct dry high heat to food, most commonly from above, with heat transfer primarily via thermal radiation, e.g. by using the upper heating element of an electric oven, or inside a drawer below the flame of a gas oven note: grilled food products are for instance the grilled cheese on top of lasagna or the caramelised surface of crème brûlée; grilling is called "broiling" in American English |
barbecuing | cooking food with a "barbecue" by the heat and hot gases of a fire, smoking wood or hot coals of charcoal, or of an electrical heating element note: depending on the heat source, the barbecues are called gas barbecues, electrical barbecues or charcoal barbecues |
barbecuing, direct method | barbecuing food directly over high heat, e.g. food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, or food is cooked in a frying vessel on a grate directly over hot charcoal note: this method is sometimes called "grilling" in American English; meat is often marinated before direct barbecuing |
barbecuing, indirect method | barbecuing food using indirect heat and/or hot smoke, i.e. a slow barbecue-cooking process, e.g. food is cooked on a grate with the coals dispersed to the sides of the food, or at a significant distance of the food note: this method is sometimes called "barbecuing" in American English |
smoking | flavoring, cooking or preserving food by exposing it to the smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials, most often wood note: smokers are not classified in A47J, only smoking inserts as accessories for a barbecue |
cooking by smoking on a barbecue | very slow cooking of food on a barbecue with hot smoke which is drawn past the food by convection |
toasting | browning sliced bread by exposure to dry radiant heat, i.e. grilling of sliced bread on both sides |
warming | raising temperature of food, not cooking it |
grating | disintegrating e.g. cheese with tool with several sharp protrusions; different from slicing, no specific shape of cut particles of food |
A47J 27/05 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tier cooking-vessels in general | A47J 27/13 |
A47J 27/082 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Inserts for cooking-vessels in general | A47J 36/16 |
A47J 27/212 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Signalling milk-boiling vessels | A47J 27/57 |
A47J 27/56 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preventing foaming in boiling in general | B01B 1/02 |
A47J 31/18 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Infusing bags | A47G 19/16 |
A47J 33/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Other travelling cookers heated by petroleum, gasoline, spirit, or the like | F24C |
A47J 36/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Spouts in general | B05B 1/22 |
A47J 36/38 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Removing cooking fumes from domestic stoves or ranges | F24C 15/20 |
A47J 41/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Containers with thermal insulation in general | B65D 81/38 |
A47J 42/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
As part of universal or multi-purpose machines | A47J 43/04, A47J 44/00 |
Grinding or pulverising in general | B02C |
A47J 42/48 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Attachment of household machines in general to tables, walls, or the like | A47J 45/02 |
A47J 42/52 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coffee-roasting devices per se | A23N 12/00 |
A47J 45/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For household utensils | A47G 29/087 |
A47J 45/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Of detachable type | A47J 45/07 |
A47L - Definition
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Pneumatically taking-up undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces | E01H 1/08 |
A61B - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized for evaluating, examining, measuring, monitoring, studying, or testing particular characteristics and aspects of either living or dead human and animal bodies for medical purposes (i.e., diagnosis). Diagnosis consists of scrutinizing the following characteristics or aspects of bodies:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized for medical procedures employing physical actions (e.g., laser cutting, pressure of fluid) on portions of human or animal bodies to correct, enhance, or inspect (e.g., autopsies) them for medical purposes (i.e., surgery). Surgery consists of the following medical procedures:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized in procedures for identifying individual human beings (e.g., finger printing, by recognition of shape or dimension of body part) using unique characteristics of their bodies (i.e. identification).
Adjunct or supplementary means specially adapted for use in, or intended for exclusive use in, diagnosis, surgery, or identification. These adjunct or supplementary means contribute to the effectiveness (e.g., surgical drapes) or safety (e.g., operating gloves) of a medical procedure, but may or may not (e.g., protective covers for scalpels) themselves involve any direct contact with a body.
Components of diagnosis, surgery, or identification means with structural features limiting their usefulness to medical procedures.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Several subclasses provide for subject matter that is used for 'diagnosis'. The relationship between these subclasses with regard to the type of 'diagnosis' covered by each is as follows:
Subclass A61B provides for diagnosis in general.
A61B also provides for any surgical or identification apparatus or methods when
A61B additionally provides for any diagnostic apparatus or methods combined with therapy apparatus or method normally covered by subclass A61H or A61N when
Subclass A61H provides for diagnostic means or steps that are combined with massage and physical therapy apparatus or methods used for the treatment of disease or disability (i.e., an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy; when the diagnostic means or step is used solely for operational feedback purposes to enhance therapy.
Subclass A61N provides for diagnostic means or steps that are combined with medical treatment therapy apparatus or methods used for the treatment of disease or disability by utilization of forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy; when the means or step is used solely for operational feedback purposes to enhance therapy.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Tools or instruments for operating on the mouth portion of a human being (e.g., tooth saws) | A61C 3/00 |
Saliva removers combined with instruments for opening or keeping open the mouth (e.g., mouth props, tongue guards, tongue depressors, cheek spreaders) | A61C 17/10 |
Medical instruments, implements, tools, or methods specially adapted so as to limit their usefulness to only animals | A61D |
Methods or devices for treatment of eyes, putting in contact lenses, eye surgery, or correcting squinting | A61F 9/00 |
Ear surgery | A61F 11/00 |
Physical therapy apparatus that includes diagnostic feedback means for influencing operation | A61H |
Syringes and suction, pumping or atomizing devices for medical use (e.g. cups, breast relievers, irrigators, sprays, powder insufflators, atomizers, inhalers), apparatus for general or local anesthetics, devices or methods for causing a change in the state of consciousness, catheters, dilators, and apparatus for introducing medicines into the body other than orally | A61M |
Non-surgical treatment of medical conditions or physical injuries by utilization of forms of energy not directly generated by mechanical apparatus, devices, or means that includes diagnostic feedback means for influencing its operation | A61N |
Clinical thermometers for measuring the temperature of body parts | G01K 5/00 |
Methods or arrangements for reading or recognizing patterns, e.g. fingerprints | G06K 9/00 |
Recognizing, identifying, or verifying the identity of human beings by analyzing their voice or speech | G10L 17/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Operating tables and auxiliary devices for these tables | A61G 13/00 |
Operating chairs | A61G 15/00 |
Apparatus for artificial respiration or heart stimulation | A61H 31/00 |
Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes | A61J 1/00 |
Devices for administering medicines orally | A61J 7/00 |
Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels | A61L 17/00 |
Surgical adhesives or cements and adhesives for colostomy devices | A61L 24/00 |
Materials for colostomy devices | A61L 28/00 |
Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro organisms | C12Q 1/00 |
Analyzing samples of biological material | G01N |
Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves and viewing such records by using optical means | G03B 42/00 |
A61B 1/24 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mouth openers for animals | A61D 15/00 |
A61B 3/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for treatment of the eyes | A61F 9/00 |
Exercisers for the eyes | A61H 5/00 |
Optical systems in general | G02B |
A61B 3/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lenses per se | G02C 7/02 |
A61B 3/125 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Contact lenses per se | G02C 7/04 |
A61B 5/0215 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid probes | A61M 23/00 |
Catheters | A61M 25/00 |
A61B 5/025 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric stethoscopes | A61B 7/04 |
A61B 5/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrically conductive preparations for use in therapy or testing in vivo | A61K 50/00 |
A61B 5/055 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance, in general | G01R 33/20 |
A61B 5/103 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring aids for tailors | A41H 1/00 |
A61B 5/22 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring of work or force, in general | G01L |
A61B 6/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
X-ray contrast preparations | A61K 49/04 |
Preparations containing radioactive substances | A61K 51/00 |
X-ray photographic processes | G03C 5/16 |
X-ray apparatus or circuits therefor | H05G 1/00 |
Irradiation devices | G21K |
Radiation therapy per se | A61N 5/00 |
A61B 6/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Stereoscopic photography | G03B 35/00 |
A61B 6/03 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Data processing equipment for medical or biological purposes | G06F 17/00, G06F 19/00 |
A61B 6/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Protection against dangerous radiation in general | G21F |
A61B 8/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. acoustic imaging | G01S 15/00 |
A61B 8/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring volume flow in general | G01F, G01F 1/66, G01F 1/72 |
Measuring speed of fluids in general | G01P 5/00 |
A61B 10/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Vaccination prophylaxis, vaccination therapy | A61B 17/20 |
Menstruation tables | G06C 3/00 |
A61B 17/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drainage appliances for wounds | A61M 27/00 |
A61B 17/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Suture materials | A61L 17/00 |
A61B 17/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Nerve needles for teeth | A61C 5/02 |
A61B 17/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for particular articles or with special means for dispensing contents | B65D 83/00, B65D 85/00 |
A61B 17/12 - Definition
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Specially adapted for vas deferens or fallopian tubes | A61F 6/20 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials for ligaturing blood vessels | A61L 17/00 |
A61B 17/135 - Definition
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
For measuring blood pressure | A61B 5/022 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Inflatable pressure pads | A61F 5/34 |
A61B 17/20 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Diagnosis by vaccination | A61B 10/00 |
A61B 17/22 - Definition
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
For biopsy | A61B 10/02 |
Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods | A61B 17/42 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
A61B 17/225 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
A61B 17/42 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
A61B 17/425 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Specially adapted for use with animals | A61D 19/00 |
A61B 17/46 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For animals | A61D 1/10 |
A61B 17/50 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Locating otherwise | A61B 5/06 |
Locating by radiation | A61B 6/00 |
A61B 17/56 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints | A61F 5/00 |
A61B 17/60 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
A61B 18/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrically conductive preparations for use in therapy or testing in vivo, e.g conductive adhesives or gels to be used with electrodes | A61K 50/00 |
A61B 18/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hyperthermia using electric or magnetic fields, radiation or ultrasound | A61N |
A61C - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are specially adapted for, or limited to use in, creating artificial teeth, mounting artificial teeth, supporting artificial teeth, or repairing artificial teeth or their supports (e.g. denture articulators), and wherein the dental prostheses made or fixed by the apparatus or process are used exclusively for humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus or methods utilized to prevent, discourage, or cure oral diseases (i.e. diseases occurring exclusively within the oral cavity such as enamel caries or periodontitis) in humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus, devices, or methods used for one or more of the following:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are specially adapted for, or limited to use in, the treatment, reconstruction, removal, insertion, replacement, repair, transfixing or testing of either natural teeth, artificial teeth that are permanently affixed within the oral cavity, gums, or other portions of the oral cavity having an effect on their operation (e.g. portions of jawbone supporting teeth), and wherein the apparatus or processes are used exclusively for humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus, devices, or methods used for
Dental prostheses devices or artificial dental implant devices per se or their components (e.g. artificial teeth, mounting or attaching means for artificial teeth, devices for supplementing jawbones, crowns) used within the oral cavity.
Dental implants formed from biological material or consisting of oral cavity parts originating either from a donor source or from the patient that are intended to be introduced, or reintroduced, into the patient’s oral cavity to correct a dental or oral hygiene problem (e.g. modified natural teeth or jawbone material from a donor).
Adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary means or structures that contribute to the effectiveness or safety of dental procedures or their products and are specially adapted to be used either:
Specially adapted components of apparatus having structural features limiting them to use with at least one of the dental apparatus types specified above (e.g. dust collectors, illumination devices).
Accessories specially adapted for use with at least one of the above types of apparatus, means, or structures (e.g. devices for measuring the length of the root canal of a tooth).
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Subclass A61C(this subclass) provides for devices used by others to clean an individual’s teeth. It also provides for devices used by individuals upon their own teeth to remove foreign matter from the surface of their teeth or enhance the appearance of their teeth when the device is not specifically provided for elsewhere.
Subclass A46Bcovers manually moved or powered brushes, and in particular toothbrushes, used for cleaning that are not specifically provided for elsewhere. It also covers arrangements of brush bristles per se and the handle structure for brushes.
Subclass A61Dcovers devices used by individuals to remove foreign matter from the surface of the teeth of animals or enhance the appearance of the teeth of animals when the device is not specifically provided for elsewhere and is limited to use solely on animals.
Subclass A61Kcovers preparations that are used for medical, dental, or cosmetic purposes in the oral cavity.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Manual toothbrushes | A46B |
Positioning or arrangements of toothbrush bristles per se for manual or powered toothbrushes | A46B 9/04 |
Instruments for depressing the tongue | A61B 13/00 |
Tongue scrapers | A61B 17/24 |
Dental apparatus and methods peculiar to animals | A61D 5/00 |
Preparations used in dentistry for purposes other than cleaning | A61K 6/00 |
Preparations used for cosmetic cleaning of teeth or mouth | A61K 8/00 |
Dental or operating chairs | A61G 15/00 |
Dental work stands | A61G 15/14 |
Dental hypodermic syringes | A61M 5/178 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-dental implants or prostheses | A61F |
Apparatus for passive exercising | A61H 1/00 |
Gum massage | A61H 13/00 |
Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body | A63B 23/00 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Oral cavity | The part of human or animal mouth that includes the inside lining of the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa), the teeth or their artificial permanently affixed replacements, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate), and the area immediately behind the wisdom teeth (retromolar trigone). |
A61C 1/18 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flexible shafts in general | F16C |
Clutches in general | F16D |
A61C 13/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Kilns for artificial teeth | F27B |
A61C 13/225 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bases for prostheses | A61C 13/01 |
A61C 13/38 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Implanting tools | A61C 8/00 |
A61C 17/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mouth opening devices per se | A61B 1/24 |
Tongue depressors per se | A61B 13/00 |
A61D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for enhancing or controlling the breeding of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals (e.g. artificial vaginas, uterus disinfecting means), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes limited to use in the treatment, reconstruction, removal or replacement of the teeth, gums, or other parts within the mouth of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals for medical purposes (i.e. dentistry), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for dental procedures.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for introducing medication (e.g. vaccines) or other material having an effect on bodily functions (e.g. seminal fluids, euthanasia poisons, stimulants) into or onto the bodies of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals, wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical purposes.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for medical procedures that employ physical actions on portions of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animal bodies to correct, enhance, inspect, or treat them (i.e. surgery), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical procedures. Animal surgery consists of the following medical procedures:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for evaluating, examining, measuring, monitoring, studying, or testing particular characteristics and aspects of the bodies of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals (i.e. diagnosis), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical purposes. Animal diagnosis consists of scrutinizing the following characteristics or aspects of animal bodies:
Implements, devices, or materials that are:
Adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary structures or means (e.g. operating tables, clean rooms) that are specially adapted to be only usable with companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals during their diagnosis, dentistry, surgery, or for other medical purposes. These adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary structures or means contribute to the effectiveness (e.g. washing devices) or safety (e.g. handling gloves, mouth openers) of medical procedures, but may or may not themselves involve direct contact with the animal's body (e.g. thermometer holder).
Specially adapted components of apparatus having structural features limiting them to use with diagnostic, dental, or surgical apparatus for animals.
Accessories specially adapted for use with the above types of apparatus, means, or structures.
All other types of apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are not specifically provided for in another subclass which are
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Embodiments of apparatus, instruments, implements, structures, tools, or processes that are used on both humans and animals (i.e. have a more general utility) for maintaining their health or for other medical purposes are classified in another subclass based on their human usage and not in subclass A61D.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus or methods normally used by non-medical personnel in the care of animals to maintain their health e.g. animal husbandry | A01K |
Animal feed bags | A01K 5/00 |
A01K 9/00 | |
Animal dehorners | A01K 17/00 |
Apparatus to help wean animals | A01K 19/00 |
Devices for assisting or preventing mating | A01K 21/00 |
Animal feeding-stuffs with antibiotics | A23K 1/17 |
Mouth openers for use on humans and animals | A61B 1/24 |
A61D 1/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Milking catheters | A01J 3/00 |
A61D 3/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for fettering animals to be slaughtered | A22B 1/00 |
A61D 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Syringes | A61M |
A61D 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fetlock-joint protecting rings | A01K 13/00 |
A61D 11/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Accessories for milking machines for treating of udders or teats | A01J 7/04 |
A61D 15/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fetlock-joint protecting rings or devices to prevent crib-biting | A01K 13/00 |
A61F - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus, devices or methods for physically correcting or altering the body of patients or disabled persons that are directly and for prolonged periods of time (i.e. not just during acute exceptional circumstances) used on or in the body of the patient or the disabled person:
Methods or devices (e.g. head or eye-gaze-direction actuated control devices, oral communication actuated control devices) for enabling patients or disabled persons to operate independent apparatus or machines (i.e. apparatus such as room lights or doors that is not a part of, or used in conjunction with the functioning of, artificial or natural parts of their body) without the application of direct force from the part of the human body that would normally be used by individuals for controlling operation of the independent apparatus or machine such as a hand, foot or their artificial equivalents.
Contraceptive devices for males (e.g. condoms, vas deferens occluders) or females (e.g. pessaries, intra-uterine type, fallopian occluders).
Devices for medical or hygienic care of living individuals that are worn by the individual or directly contact the body of the individual during their care:
Heating or cooling devices for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body and for body cavities, e.g. compresses, warming pads, pans or mats, hot water bottles, ice bags.
Protective devices for the eyes, e.g. goggles, eye-masks worn to prevent particulates or chemicals from striking the eyes.
Devices for inserting contact lenses.
Protective devices for the ears, e.g. ear plugs or earmuffs.
Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; dispensing containers for dressings or bandages; packages or wrapping arrangements for used pads, e.g. for disposal.
Containers having various emergency medical supplies such as bandages, simple medical tools, and medicines (i.e. first-aid kits) that are intended to be used for administering initial treatment to injured or sick individuals.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
If an apparatus, method, device, or material is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61F. Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61F that are usable exclusively for animals or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D.
Surgical apparatus or processes in general are covered by subclass A61B.
Subclass A61H provides for massage, chiropractic, or physical therapy apparatus or processes used for the treatment of disease, injuries or disability (i.e. an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy.
Chemical and materialaspects of prostheses, structures inserted into tubular structures of human bodies, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles are covered by subclass A61L.
With regard to human organs and their parts, the exact distinction between the artificial devices implantable into human bodies that are proper for subclass A61F and those proper for subclass A61M is somewhat imprecise. Therefore, for analogous situations that are not specifically covered by existing groups of these subclasses, the following listings are intended to provide guidance.
Subclass A61F provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: hollow or tubular parts of organs (e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi, heart valves and blood vessels, bile ducts), structural supporting or maintaining devices for such parts (e.g. stents), artificial eyes and artificial ears.
Subclass A61M provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hearts (based on catchword index), artificial livers, artificial lungs, artificial pancreas, artificial kidneys and catheters in general.
Devices for introducing media into or onto the body, devices for taking media from the body are also covered by subclass A61M.
Spectacles, sunglasses, contact lenses or goggles insofar as they have the features of vision correction or protection against high levels of visible and ultraviolet light are covered by subclass G02C.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Brassieres | A41C 3/00 |
Cosmetic articles, e.g. wigs, hair pieces | A41G |
Caps with means for protecting the eyes or the ears | A42B 1/06 |
Ordinary arch supports for shoes | A43B 7/14 |
Artificial nails | A45D 31/00 |
Heating or cooling means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses | A47C 21/00 |
Surgical instruments | A61B 17/00 |
Devices for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed | A61B 17/03 |
Dental prostheses | A61C 13/00 |
Chiropractic methods or devices | A61H 1/00 |
Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk | A61H 3/00 |
Massage of the genitals | A61H 19/00 |
Chemical aspects of contraception | A61K |
Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61L 15/00, A61L 26/00 |
Adhesives for costolomy devices | A61L 24/00 |
Surgical adhesives or cements | A61L 24/00 |
Materials for prostheses | A61L 27/00 |
Materials for costolomy devices | A61L 28/00 |
Artificial hearts, kidneys | A61M 1/00 |
Irrigators | A61M 3/02 |
Drainage appliances for wounds | A61M 27/00 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Valves specially adapted for medical use | A61M 39/00 |
Making artificial eyes from organic plastic material | B29C, B29D 11/02 |
Arm rests for use as writing aids | B43L 15/00 |
Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves to tyres or rims | B60C 29/00 |
Safety devices for welding in general | F16P 1/06 |
Removable contact lenses | G02C 7/04 |
Sunglasses or goggles having the same features as spectacles | G02C |
Electric heating elements | H05B |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Undergarments | A41B 9/00 |
Baby linen | A41B 13/00 |
Corsets or girdles | A41C 1/00 |
Surgical drapes | A61B 19/08 |
Transdermal drug delivery patches | A61K 9/70 |
Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body | A63B 23/00 |
Goggles for swimming | A63B 33/00 |
Diving masks | B63C 11/12 |
Materials for prostheses | A61L 27/00 |
Balloon catheters | A61M 25/10 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Absorbent articles | Articles adapted to absorb liquid excreted by the body. |
Dilator | A (surgical) device or instrument used to dilate, distend, enlarge, expand, stretch an opening, organ, passage, tube, canal or cavity of a human or animal body (e.g. urethrotomy, tracheotomy, nasal, anal or cervix (Hegar's dilator) or vaginal dilation, bougienage, percutaneous dilation of tissues (Byrd dilator), whereas stents are not dilators but prostheses for providing patency, or preventing collapsing of tubular structures of the body. |
Disabled person | A human being that is unable to do certain basic physical tasks (e.g. walking) due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
Patient | A human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g. testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g. doctors, dentists, midwives, chiropractors), or (b) physical tending (e.g. feeding) by care giver (e.g. hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
Stent | Balloon- or self-expandable tubular device for use in the treatment of duct-like organs typified for example by a blood vessel, biliary tract, urinary tract, digestive tract, and the like providing patency. |
Stent graft | Stent with a tubular member made of a synthetic resin affixed to the inside or outside of the stent. |
In patent documents the expression "device for fluid management" is often used with the meaning of incontinence article.
A61F 2/07 - Definition
This group covers:
Stent-grafts for blood vessels. Stent-grafts are tubular grafts with stents embedded therein or attached to the graft material. The stent-graft for blood vessels is usually deployed within an aneurysm. The stent anchors the graft to the blood vessel wall. The graft is usually made from fabric material.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels | A61F 2/04 |
A61F 2/82 - Definition
This group covers:
Stents with tubular structures deployed within a stenosis in order to widen and support the vessel. The stent is usually made from a rigid material, e.g. metal or polymer.
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Instruments for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed | A61B 17/03 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels | A61F 2/04 |
Stent-grafts for blood vessels | A61F 2/07 |
Instruments for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts | A61F 2/95 |
A61F 2/856 - Definition
This group covers:
Single tubular stent with a passage in side of the stent for allowing access to secondary lumen (see passage 60 in the example drawing).
A61F 2/89 - Definition
This group covers:
Stent rings which are connected in order to allow flexibility of the whole structure (see connectors 4 between stent rings 2 in the example drawing).
A61F 2/90 - Definition
In patent documents the words "net", "net-like", "mesh" and "mesh-like" are often used as synonyms.
A61F 2/91 - Definition
This group covers:
Net- or mesh-like stents made from perforated sheet material or tubes. Perforated sheet material or tubes are created by methods including, for example, laser cutting, etching or some other techniques.
A61F 2/915 - Definition
This group covers:
Stents having a meander or wave-like pattern. The stent comprises several meander bands. Each meander band forms peaks and throughs. The bands are connected to each other by struts (see connector 50 between bands 40 and 60 in the example drawing) or directly connected without struts.
A61F 2/92 - Definition
In patent documents the words "rolled-up" and "coiled" are often used as synonyms.
A61F 2/95 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Instruments for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed | A61B 17/03 |
Catheters; hollow probes | A61M 25/00 |
A61F 5/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arm-rests for use as writing aids | B43L 15/00 |
A61F 5/34 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
A61F 5/458 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
A61F 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric heating elements | H05B |
A61F 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk | A61H 3/00 |
A61G - Definition
This subclass covers:
Specially adapted vehicles (e.g., ambulances), handling apparatus (e.g., wheelchair lifts), or methods or devices (e.g., stretchers) for moving patients or disabled persons who are passive participants in their relocation (e.g., the persons are handled in a manner similar to loads).
Specially adapted structures (e.g., hospital or treatment rooms for medical purposes, baby incubators) or devices (e.g., bedpans, hospital beds, trapeze or pull-up bars) used
Specially adapted supporting surfaces for sustaining patients in a recumbent or seated position during recovery, surgery, dental work, or similar types of medical treatment.
Auxiliary appliances (e.g., trolleys for medicine) or accessories (e.g., prescription list) specially adapted for use with the other invention information covered by this subclass.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
A61G does not cover apparatus or methods that are directly used on an individual's body to perform medical care and therapy or to alter it after death. The types of medical care, therapy, and body alterations not covered by A61G consist of:
Subclasses A01N, A61B, A61C, A61F, A61H, A61K, A61M, A61N, and F23G provide appropriately for apparatus or methods for medical care, therapy, or body alterations of these types. The specific classifications that are of interest for search purposes are specified in the references of A61G or its groups.
However, A61G does provide for specific structural modifications that merely facilitate the use of apparatus or methods of these types for medical care or therapy when in combination with subject matter that is otherwise appropriate for this subclass (e.g., special supports for patients with burns).
A61G also provides for life supporting or sustaining devices that control the local environment during treatment or recovery of patients (e.g., baby incubators).
A61G covers personal conveyances and "vehicle-like" conveyances (e.g., wheelchairs, stretchers) that are explicitly designed for use by only a single patient or disabled person and intended to normally travel relatively short distances along the ground or similar support surface (e.g., hallway).
The subclass for a specific type of standard roadway vehicle (i.e., vehicles designed and intended for general thoroughfare usage over long distances, such as B62K for cycles) covers their vehicles that have been specially adapted for use by a disabled operator.
The subclass for a specific type of "special-utility" vehicle (i.e., vehicles that have another primary purpose other than transport, such as riding lawn mowers or forklifts) covers their vehicles that have been specially adapted for use by a disabled operator.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Devices per se for enabling disabled persons to operate an apparatus or device not forming part of the body | A61F 4/00 |
Restraining devices for the body or for body parts and restraining shirts that are used for non-surgical treatment of patients' bones or joints | A61F 5/37 |
Equipment for beds, treatment tables, floor frames or the like for extending or stretching | A61F 5/045 |
Appliances for aiding invalids to walk about | A61H 3/00 |
Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes | A61H 33/00 |
For bicycles specially adapted for disabled riders | B62K 3/16 |
Inclined lifts associated with stairways for transporting disabled persons or wheelchairs | B66B 9/08 |
Illumination of operating tables | F21L, F21S, F21V |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For preserving of the dead bodies of humans, animals, or the parts thereof | A01N 1/00 |
For sanitary equipment not otherwise provided for | A47K |
For body washing or cleaning implements | A47K 7/00 |
For sanitary closets or urinals without flushing and chamber pots | A47K 11/00 |
For appliances for supporting or fettering animals during operations | A61D 3/00 |
For vehicles adapted to transport meat | B60P 3/05 |
For vehicles adapted to transport refrigerated goods | B60P 3/20 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Disabled person | a human being that is unable to do a basic physical task (e.g., walking) due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
Funeral device | apparatus associated with (e.g., coffin) or for performing (e.g., casket lowering device) activities connected with the burial, cremation, entombment, or other methods of honoring or disposing of (e.g., freeze drying) the remains of the body of a deceased individual. |
Patient | a human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g., testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g., doctors, dentists, midwifes, chiropractors) or (b) physical tending (e.g., feeding) by caretakers (e.g., hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
Personal conveyance | a vehicle-like device (e.g., wheelchairs) that is: not specifically adapted for traveling significant distances (e.g., between cities) along thoroughfares (e.g., railways, roads, sidewalks) with normal traffic (e.g., trucks), explicitly designed (i.e., not merely adaptations of a standard production vehicle) for carrying, and intended to be limited to use by, a single patient or disabled person at any given time, and potentially capable of having either its movement controlled or powered by the patient or disabled person carried by it. |
A61G 1/003 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices in general for lifting patients or disabled persons | A61G 7/10 |
A61G 1/007 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ski vehicles | A63C 5/00 |
A61G 1/01 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Restraining devices used in nursing | A61F 5/37 |
A61G 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chairs with toilet conveniences | A47K 11/04 |
Running gear or propulsion features | B60K |
A61G 7/16 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chair beds | A47C 17/04 |
A61G 10/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dust-free laboratory rooms | B01L 1/04 |
Decompression arrangements | B63C 11/32 |
Arrangements or adaptations in aircraft | B64D 13/00 |
Air-conditioning in general | F24F |
A61G 12/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Service or tea tables, trolleys or wagons | A47B 31/00 |
A61G 13/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Adjustability of tables in general | A47B 9/00 |
A61G 15/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Barbers' chairs | A47C 1/04 |
A61G 17/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Columbaria | E04H 13/00 |
A61H - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus or processes which are not used for surgical purposes utilizing mechanical energy transmitted by direct physical contact with the external surface of the thorax portion of human bodies to induce or supplement normal breathing (e.g. iron lungs).
Apparatus or processes, which are not used for surgical purposes that are specially adapted to improve or promote the optical functioning of individuals (e.g. rectify defective vision, improve the natural operation of their eyes) by:
Apparatus or devices that are explicitly designed for use by a single patient or disabled person for the purpose of helping them overcome a physical condition that impairs their ability to walk unassisted across the ground or similar support surface (e.g. crutches).
Apparatus or processes utilizing mechanical energy directly applied upon human bodies for therapy (e.g. massage). These therapy apparatus and processes are intended to facilitate the healing of diseases, promote or assist normal operation of a malfunctioning body part, reduce the impact of injuries, or beneficially influence the condition of disabled body parts either by the physical movement of body parts (e.g. devices for exercising a passive body member) or other types of physical stimulation (e.g. touching) transmitted though contact with:
Apparatus or processes which are not used for surgical purposes utilizing mechanical energy directly applied to human bodies by physical contact therewith (e.g. chiropractic) to treat, alleviate the effects of, or prevent disease or bodily malfunctions (e.g. misalignments of bone, aberrant joint) solely by manipulation, adjustment, or realignment of at least a portion of the skeletal system of the body (e.g. bone joints, tendons, spinal columns) by either:
Apparatus or processes which are not used for surgical purposes utilizing mechanical energy directly applied upon human bodies by physical contact (e.g. massage) to rub, stroke, knead, tap, vibrate, or otherwise move a portion of the external surface of human bodies, or the surfaces of their naturally occurring body cavities, to either:
Apparatus or processes which are not used for surgical purposes (e.g. baths) that are specially adapted for covering, soaking, or immersing human bodies, or portions of bodies, within fluids (e.g. steam, water) or fluent materials (e.g. sand, mud) in a manner that is distinct from the common bathing process for cleaning human bodies and is intended to either:
Apparatus or processes (e.g. breast baths) specially adapted for covering, soaking, or immersing only one particular part of the human body within fluids (e.g. steam, water) or fluent materials (e.g. sand, seaweed) .
Articles of clothing (e.g. sweating suits for therapy) that at least partially enclose human bodies for the primary purpose of increasing the local temperature (e.g. insulated, include heating elements) or humidity (e.g. constructed of partially air tight material) of the portion of the human bodies covered to a point where the localized temperature or humidity is beyond the range that human beings normally consider physically comfortable (i.e. creates localized sauna-like environment) for therapy.
Specially adapted components for the above types of apparatus.
Auxiliary appliances or accessories specially adapted for use with any of the above types of apparatus or process (e.g. reflex point locators).
Other types of apparatus or processes which are not used for surgical (e.g. acupuncture devices) purposes that utilize mechanical energy directly applied to human bodies by physical contact for improving their functioning that are not specifically provided for elsewhere in another subclass.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
If an apparatus or process is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61H. Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61H that are usable exclusively for animals, or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D.
Subclass A61H covers apparatus or processes that are specially adapted to physically relax or stimulate individuals due either to
Subclass A61M covers devices or processes which are specially adapted to cause or precipitate a change in the state of consciousness of humans (e.g. induce sleep, awaken), or to increase or decrease the mental activity of humans while awake, which may also involve relaxing or stimulating individuals.
Several subclasses provide for apparatus or processes that are used for treating humans for medical conditions. The relationship between these subclasses is as follows:
Subclass A61B provides for surgical apparatus or processes in general.
Subclass A61B also provides for surgical apparatus or processes when
Subclass A61H provides for massage, chiropractic, or physical therapy apparatus or processes used for the treatment of disease, injuries, or disability (i.e. an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy.
Subclass A61N provides for apparatus or processes used for the treatment of disease, injuries, or disability by utilization of forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Training or exercising equipment for animals | A01K 15/02 |
Garments with controlled internal environment | A41D 13/002 |
Ventilating, cooling or heating means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses | A47C 21/04 |
Apparatus for helping babies to walk | A47D 13/04 |
Baths; Showers; Appurtenances therefor for merely cleaning human bodies | A47K 3/00 |
Body washing or cleaning implements for merely cleaning human bodies | A47K 7/00 |
Dental implements for therapeutic treatment | A61C 19/06 |
Orthopedic devices or methods | A61F 5/00 |
Devices for treatment of the eyes | A61F 9/00 |
Means for washing bed-ridden persons | A61G 7/00 |
Beds for promoting or observing sleep | A61G 7/043 |
Blood pumps or devices for mechanical circulatory assistance | A61M 1/10 |
Subaquatic intestinal cleaning | A61M 9/00 |
Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration | A61M 16/00 |
Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means (other than alarm clocks or the like) | A61M 21/00 |
Electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, radiation therapy, ultrasound therapy | A61N |
Electromedical massage devices applying continuous direct current by contact electrodes | A61N 1/26 |
Electrotherapy devices applying alternating or intermittent currents by contact electrodes | A61N 1/32 |
Applying ionized fluids to the human body for therapy | A61N 1/44 |
Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements | A63B 22/00 |
Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body | A63B 23/00 |
Exercising devices for feet or toes | A63B 23/10 |
Accessory implements for clippers or shavers carrying out massage or other functions than cutting hair | B26B 19/48 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Methods or devices enabling patients or disabled persons to operate an apparatus or a device not forming part of the body | A61F 4/00 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Therapy | Any medical treatment of an abnormal condition of a human or animal body (e.g. disease, impaired organ, injured limb) by means, instruments, devices, or methods that utilize forms of energy (e.g. mechanical energy) and which is not used for surgical purposes. In general, the treatment time for therapy is long-term relative to that for surgery which usually has a much more immediate effect on the body. |
Disabled person | A human being that is unable to do a basic physical task (e.g. walking) without assistance due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
Patient | A human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g. testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g. doctors, dentists, midwives, chiropractors) or (b) physical tending (e.g. feeding) by care providers (e.g. hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
A61H 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Percussion or vibration massage | A61H 23/00 |
A61H 3/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exercising apparatus for the feet or toes | A63B 23/10 |
A61H 3/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Walking sticks | A45B |
A61H 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Brushes in general | A46 |
Bathing sponges, brushes, gloves or similar cleaning or rubbing implements not specially for massage | A47K 7/02 |
Suction devices for nursing | A61M 1/06, A61M 1/08 |
A61H 33/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hair-driers | A45D 20/00 |
Body-drying devices | A47K 10/48 |
Electric heating elements | H05B |
A61H 33/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of ozone or hydrogen | C01B, C25B 1/02 |
A61H 39/00 - Definition
References relevant to classification in this main group
This main group does not cover:
Locating by bioelectric signal detection | A61B 5/04 |
Locating by using electric currents or magnetic fields | A61B 5/05 |
A61H 39/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Massage or pressure on general areas | A61H 9/00-A61H 23/00 |
A61H 39/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heating or cooling appliances for medical treatment of general areas of the human body | A61F 7/00 |
A61J - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus, devices, or methods specially adapted for changing or fashioning bulk medicines, or their essential constituents, into pharmaceutical products having specific physical forms designed to either:
Apparatus, devices, or methods specially adapted for administering medications or pharmaceutical products to humans though their oral cavity.
Receptacles that are not designed to be ingestible and are specially adapted for holding or containing medicines or pharmaceutical products prior to their usage or consumption by humans.
Receptacles specially adapted to hold, contain, or transport pharmaceutical, surgical, or therapy related materials other than medicines or pharmaceutical products (e.g., containers for storing blood).
Hollow flexible conduits specially adapted, or solely intended, for the purpose of providing nutriments in fluid or fluent forms to humans by insertion of the conduits into an orifice of their bodies (e.g., enteral feeding using functioning gastrointestinal tract).
Containers specially adapted for holding water or nutriments in fluid or fluent forms (e.g., feeding bottles) that is withdrawn by the sucking of infants, young children, or other humans (e.g., patients, disabled persons) on orally engaged portions or subcomponents of the containers.
The orally engaged subcomponents per se of the containers of the preceding paragraph (e.g., compressible rubber teats for feeding bottles) which are specially adapted for infants, young children, or other humans to suck upon to withdraw water or nutriments in fluid or fluent forms from the containers.
Other types of apparatus or devices specially adapted for orally administering only nutriments in fluid or fluent forms to infants, patients or disabled persons.
Devices that are not designed to be ingestible and are specially adapted, or solely intended, for either:
Devices or receptacle specially adapted, or solely intended, for receiving spittle, phlegm, or other forms of naturally occurring oral discharge from humans.
Devices specially adapted to prevent irritation of the teat portion of the mammary gland of humans from abrasive or rubbing contact.
Specially adapted subcomponents or steps for the above types of apparatus, containers, devices or methods of the preceding paragraphs that are not provided for in another subclass.
Auxiliary appliances or accessories specially adapted for use with the apparatus, containers, or devices of the preceding paragraphs to facilitate either:
Relationship between large subject matter areas
If an apparatus, device, or method is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61J
Similar apparatus, devices, or methods to those covered by subclass A61Jthat are usable exclusively for animals, or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D
Devices that may be interesting to a baby (e.g., they have a specific shape such as an animal that the baby may manipulate) and are intended to serve to relieve a physical craving, irritation, or inflammation of the baby are covered by subclass A61J
Devices that are primarily intended to be played with by a baby to entertain it, but might also incidentally emotionally calm it (e.g., stuffed bear at bedtime), are covered by subclass A63H
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Infusion devices | A61M 5/14 |
Syringe ampoules or cartridges | A61M 5/28 |
Time release microcapsules for introduction of media into body and other devices for introducing or retaining media in cavities of the body | A61M 31/00 |
Time release medication patches for application to human bodies | A61M 35/00 |
Tubes, tube connectors, valves or tube couplings specially adapted for medical use | A61M 39/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Foods, foodstuffs, or their preparation or treatment | A23L 1/00 |
Spoon type tableware | A47G 21/04 |
Drinking vessels used for table service | A47G 19/22 |
Protective casings or covers for appliances or instruments | A61B 19/02 |
Medical preparations characterized by special physical form | A61K 9/00 |
Suppositories | A61K 9/02 |
Capsules | A61K 9/48 |
Devices for introducing media into or on the body | A61M |
Droppers or containers for laboratory use | B01L 3/00 |
Containers for storage or transport of articles or materials in general or their accessories, closures, or fittings | B65D |
Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible member or portion | B65D 17/00 |
Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for | B65D 23/00 |
Dropper type dispensers for closing containers | B65D 47/18 |
Closures for containers with means for discouraging their opening or removal without authorization or required level of physical aptitude | B65D 50/00 |
Blister packages | B65D 75/36 |
Applying closure members to bottles, jars, or similar containers | B67B |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Medicine, Medication | Chemical or biological substance intended to be used for the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation, alleviation, or prevention of diseases, disorders, injuries, or any other abnormal physical or mental state in humans. |
Pharmaceutical product | Man made or natural medicines specially adapted by manufactures or pharmacies into forms that facilitate their internal or external usage by humans. |
Patient | Human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g., testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g., doctors, dentists, midwives, chiropractors) or (b) physical tending (e.g., feeding) by care providers (e.g., hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
Disabled person | A human being that is unable to do a certain basic physical task (e.g., walking) without assistance due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
In patent documents the following expressions/words "teat" and "nipple" are often used as synonyms for the orally engaged portion of feeding bottles.
In patent documents the following expressions/words "feeding bottle", "nursing bottle", and "baby bottle" are often used as synonyms.
In patent documents the following expressions/words "spittoon", and "cuspidor" are often used as synonyms.
A61J 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Antithrombogenic treatment of articles for conditioning blood | A61L 33/00 |
Devices for introducing media into or onto the body | A61M |
A61J 3/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pulverising in general | B02C |
A61J 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calibrated capacity measures for fluids or fluent solid material | G01F 19/00 |
A61J 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric heating elements | H05B |
A61J 13/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Breast-pumps | A61M 1/06 |
A61J 15/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drinking tubes as table-ware | A47G 21/18 |
A61K - Definition
This subclass covers:
Compositions which are:
Used as preparations for dentistry, e.g. for artificial teeth, for filling or for capping teeth, or for taking dental impressions.
Used for cosmetic purposes for treating the skin, hair, nails, teeth or oral cavity with a view to cleaning them, changing their appearance, correcting body odours, protecting them or keeping them in good condition.
Used for medicinal purposes, e.g. drugs, biological compositions, when they are capable of:
Processes
Relationship between large subject matter areas
A01N covers the preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides, as herbicides .
Compounds per se are classified in C01, C07 or C08.
C08K covers the use of substances as compounding ingredients.
Compositions per se containing polymers are classified in C08L.
Micro-organisms per se are classified in C12N.
Multiple classification
The therapeutic activity of medicinal preparations is further classified in A61P.
The use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations is further classified in A61Q.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Sex sterilants for invertebrates per se | A01N |
Artificial nails per se | A45D 31/00 |
Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms | A61J |
Disinfections, sterilisation or deodorization of air; Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles | A61L |
Essential oils, perfumes | C11B 9/00 |
Detergent compositions | C11D |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Biocides, pest repellants or attractants per se | A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00 |
Wigs | A41G 3/00 |
Hair pieces, inserts, rolls, pads or the like | A41G 5/00 |
Processes of waving, straightening or curling hair | A45D 7/00 |
Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling toilet or cosmetic substances | A45D 34/00 |
Diagnosis; Surgery; Identification | A61B |
Dentistry | A61C |
Electrotherapy; Magnetotherapy; Radiation therapy; Ultrasound therapy | A61N |
Mixing, dissolving, emulsifying, dispersing | B01F |
Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms; Compositions or test papers therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions; Condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes | C12Q |
Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties | G01N |
Special rules of classification
Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C.
In this subclass, with the exception of group 8/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
Attention is drawn to the Notes in class C07, for example the Notes following the title of the subclass C07D, setting forth the rules for classifying organic compounds in that class, which rules are also applicable, if not otherwise indicated, to the classification of organic compounds of A61K.
A composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more ingredients is classified in the last of groups A61K 31/00-A61K 47/00 that provides for at least one of these ingredients.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by classification according to the last appropriate place of an active ingredient, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according the last appropriate place, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
A61K 6/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dentistry | A61C |
A61K 6/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alloys per se | C22C |
A61K 6/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements per se | C04B |
A61K 6/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Resins per se | C08 |
A61K 6/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Impression methods | A61C 9/00 |
A61K 8/00 - Definition
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Casings or accessories for storing or handling of solid or pasty toilet or cosmetic substances are classified in A45D 40/00
A61K 9/00 - Definition
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast preparations or magnetic resonance imaging contrast preparations are classified in group A61K 49/18
Praparations containing radioactive substances are classified in group A61K 51/12
A61K 9/68 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-medicinal aspects, preparing chewing gum | A23G 4/00 |
A61K 9/70 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
A61K 50/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrodes specially adapted for electrocardiography | A61B 5/0408 |
Electrodes specially adapted for foetal cardiography | A61B 5/0448 |
Electrodes specially adapted for electroencephalography | A61B 5/0478 |
Electrodes specially adapted for electromyography | A61B 5/0492 |
Electrodes for electrotherapy | A61N 1/04 |
A61L - Definition
This subclass covers:
Apparatus or methods specifically adapted for use in treating air either:
Apparatus or methods of general applicability for use in destroying noxious micro-organisms on or otherwise rendering completely aseptic articles or materials (e.g., destroying bacteria or fungus).
Apparatus or methods that are not covered as a whole in another subclass and are specially adapted for use in destroying noxious micro-organisms on or otherwise rendering completely aseptic specific articles (e.g., contact lenses) or specific materials (e.g., refuse).
Materials that are specially adapted for devices that are to be affixed to, placed on, placed within, or cover either:
Chemical compounds or compositions that are used in conjunction with, or compose a portion of, the above type of specially adaptive devices or their materials and increase their effectiveness by:
Materials specially adapted to be used in devices that:
Adhesives specially adapted for surgical uses.
Materials specially adapted for forming devices used as substitutes for a part of the body that is missing or non-functional or materials specially adapted for coating these devices (e.g., skin grafts).
Materials specially adapted to be used in:
Materials specially adapted for use within the structure of hollow flexible tubes that are intended to be:
Materials specially adapted to be used for other surgical uses or devices (e.g. stents, materials for adhesion prevention).
Materials specially adapted for use as antithrombogenic treatments for at least one of the above type of devices or materials or the chemical compounds or compositions that form, or compose a portion of, these antithrombogenic treatments.
Specially adapted components or steps for at least one of the above types of apparatus, methods, or devices.
Auxiliary appliances or accessories specially adapted for use with at least one of the above types of apparatus or devices (e.g., devices for testing effectiveness of sterilization).
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Preservation of bodies or disinfecting characterised by the agent employed | A01N |
Shape or structure of prostheses | A61F 2/00 |
Shape or structure of bandages, dressings, or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
Preparations for medical, dental or toilet purposes | A61K |
Shape or structure of catheters | A61M 25/00 |
Sterilisation of packages or package contents in association with packaging | B65B 55/00 |
Sterilising food or foodstuffs | A23 |
Preservation of milk, milk preparations, or dairy products by sterilization | A23C 3/00 |
Devices specifically adapted for cleaning or disinfection shavers or razors | A45D 27/46 |
Apparatus or methods for destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste using sterilization into something useful or harmless | B09B 3/00 |
Devices for adding disinfecting agents to lavatories | E03D 9/02 |
Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages | C12H 1/00 |
Air conditioning systems including air purification or sterilisation means | F24F 3/16 |
Sanitary or hygienic devices for transducer mouthpieces or earpieces | H04R 1/12 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Surgical instruments | A61B 17/00 |
Operating gloves | A61B 19/04 |
Surgical drapes | A61B 19/08 |
Dental prosthetics | A61C 9/00 |
Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents | A61F 2/82 |
Bandages, dressings, or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
Tracheal tubes | A61M 16/04 |
Catheters | A61M 25/00 |
Tubes, valves | A61M 39/00 |
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substance | A62D 3/00 |
Preparation of ozone | C01B 13/10 |
Special rules of classification
Sets of groups wherein Last-place rule is applied
Within each one of the following sets of groups, at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place:
Secondary classification based on use of materials characterised by particular function or physical properties when of interest
When the inventive thing is classified based upon its chemical composition within one of the sets of groups A61L 15/08-A61L 15/12, A61L 15/18-A61L 15/40, A61L 27/02-A61L 27/40, A61L 29/02-A61L 29/12, or A61L 31/02-A61L 31/12; classification of this subject matter is also made to cover its function or physical properties for each set of groups into their corresponding group, (i.e., respectively group A61L 15/14, A61L 15/42, A61L 27/50, A61L 29/14, or A61L 31/14) when this aspect is of interest.
Secondary classification based on use of materials with antithrombogenic properties
When the inventive thing is fully provided for and classified within groups A61L 17/00, A61L 24/00, A61L 26/00, A61L 27/00, A61L 28/00, A61L 29/00, and A61L 31/00 classification should also be made within group A61L 33/00 if a material used is antithrombogenic in nature.
Use of indexing codes
When classifying in group A61L 2/00-A61L 12/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group A61L 101/00, relating to the chemical composition of materials used in disinfecting, sterilising or deodorising.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Antithrombogenic | A substance, composition, or material that prevents or reduces coagulation, clotting, depositing, or precipitation of blood, plasma protein, or a component of blood (e.g., anticoagulant). |
A61L 2/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For contact lenses | A61L 12/00 |
A61L 2/28 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Methods involving enzymes or micro-organisms | C12Q 1/00 |
A61L 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Body deodorants | A61K 8/00, A61Q 15/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours | B01D 45/00-B01D 51/00, B03C 3/00 |
A61L 9/015 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of ozone | C01B 13/10 |
A61L 17/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Surgical adhesives | A61L 24/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing or ligaturing | A61B 17/04, A61B 17/12 |
Supports or packages for suture materials | A61B 17/04 |
A61M - Definition
This subclass covers:
Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to insert or place media into human bodies (e.g., pumps, syringes, atomisers, insufflators, inhalers) and that do so either
Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to place media upon human bodies (e.g., percutaneous devices, radioactive dressings) and that do so either
Devices or processes which are specially adapted to be used to direct, lead, convey, or carry media up to, away from, or within human bodies (e.g., tubes for carrying oxygen, medical pumps, artificial hearts, mechanical blood circulatory assistors, blood oxygenation devices, devices for artificial respiration by treatment with gas or air) and that do so either
Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to remove, eject, or expel media from human bodies (e.g., suction type breast relievers, discharge draining devices for wounds) and that do so
Devices or processes specially adapted to cause or provoke a change in the state of consciousness of humans (e.g., induce sleep, fully awaken) and that do so in a manner other than one which commonly occurs (e.g., falling asleep on a good mattress, physical exhaustion).
Devices or processes specially adapted to increase or decrease the mental activity of humans while awake (e.g., relax, stimulate) and that do so in a manner other than that which commonly occurs (e.g., creating boredom, reading long definitions).
Accessories specially adapted for use with at least one of the above devices and that contribute to the effectiveness or safety of the device or its use.
Specially adapted components having structural features limiting them to use with a device of one of the types specified above.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
If a device or process is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61M Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61Mthat are usable exclusively for animals, or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D
Patent documents for general-purpose medical devices or processes that are otherwise proper for subclass A61Mare classified in subclass A61Mwhen they either disclose only being used on living human bodies or broadly disclose being used on humans. Patent documents for general -purpose medical devices or processes that are otherwise proper for subclass A61Mand fully identified as being used on both living and dead human bodies are classified in subclass A61Mand subclass A01Nor A61B Patent documents for similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61Mthat are specially adapted for use exclusively on dead humans are classified only in subclass A01Nor A61B
With regard to human organs and their parts, the exact distinction between the artificial devices implantable into human bodies that are proper for subclass A61Fand those proper for subclass A61Mis somewhat imprecise. Therefore, for analogous situations that are not specifically covered by existing groups of these subclasses, the following listings are intended to provide guidance.
Subclass A61Fprovides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hollow or tubular parts of organs (e.g., bladders, tracheae, bronchi, hearts valves and blood vessels, bile ducts), structural supporting or maintaining devices for such parts or their natural equivalents (e.g., stents), artificial eyes, and artificial ears.
Subclass A61Mprovides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hearts, artificial livers, artificial ventilators, artificial pancreas, and artificial kidneys.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Applications or methods that use specific materials, compositions, or single compounds for the preservation of human bodies or for the preservation of living parts of human bodies | A01N 1/00 |
Devices or methods for handling cosmetic or toilet substances | A45D |
Surgical introduction or removal of body parts or their substitutes | A61B |
Devices specially adapted for taking blood samples | A61B 5/15 |
Devices specially adapted for vivisection or autopsy | A61B 16/00 |
Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals | A61D 7/00 |
Prostheses implantable into a human body | A61F 2/02 |
Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form | A61K 9/00 |
Chemical aspects of bandages, dressings, absorbent pads, or other surgical articles placed upon into human body | A61L |
Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents | A61N 1/34 |
Prostheses implantable into human blood vessels | A61F 2/01 |
Means for inserting tampons | A61F 13/26 |
Means for withdrawing tampons | A61F 13/34 |
Absorbent pads having means integral therewith for supplying media to the absorbent material | A61F 13/40 |
Devices for orally administering food or medication | A61J |
Containers for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids | A61J 1/05 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices worn by patients for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial, or other bodily discharges | A61F 5/44 |
Application swabs | A61F 13/15 |
Devices for receiving spittle | A61J 19/00 |
Special rules of classification
When a device or method covered by subclass A61Mincludes a separating process for body-liquids that utilizes chromatography, and features of general interest related to chromatography are usefully disclosed but not claimed, the features should also be non-obligatorily classified within group B01D 15/08.
Main group A61M 36/00 takes precedence over all other main groups of subclass A61M
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Media | Solid, liquid, or gaseous substances or devices (e.g., medicine, food, in vivo testing material, catheters) which are either used by or within human bodies for medical or physical purposes, components of or substances naturally within human bodies (e.g., artificial heart, blood, insulin), or bodily discharge or waste created by human bodies or medical processes taking place within human bodies (e.g., urine). |
A61M 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Implements for holding wounds open | A61B 17/02 |
Pumps in general | F04 |
A61M 1/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Feeding-bottles | A61J 9/00 |
A61M 1/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Artificial heart valves | A61F 2/24 |
A61M 1/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes | B01D 61/00 |
A61M 5/14 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Suction in pumping blood transfusion | A61M 1/02 |
A61M 5/24 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ampoules or cartridges | A61J 1/06 |
A61M 5/36 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dialysis systems, blood oxygenators | A61M 1/14 |
Hemofiltration equipment | A61M 1/34 |
A61M 11/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes in general | B05B |
A61M 13/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For the destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants | A01M |
A61M 16/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Respiratory apparatus in general | A62B |
Respirators for working under water | B63C 11/00 |
A61M 16/04 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catheters in general | A61M 25/00 |
A61M 16/22 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus | A62B 19/00 |
A61M 19/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Syringes therefor | A61M 5/00 |
Cooling blood in a bypass of the arterial system | A61M 1/36 |
A61M 25/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
A61M 29/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Instruments for performing visual medical inspections of cavities or tubes of the body | A61B 1/00 |
A61N - Definition
This subclass covers:
Specially adapted apparatus, instruments, devices, or processes for the following types of therapy:
Components having specialized structural features that limit their use to the apparatus, instruments, or devices for the types of therapy appropriate for this subclass.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Several subclasses provide for subject matter that is used for therapy. The relationship between these subclasses in regard to the type of therapy covered by each is as follows:
Subclass A61N provides for medical treatment-type therapy by apparatus or methods utilizing forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy when they are not used for surgical purposes and they are intended to either
In particular, subclass A61N covers implanted devices, when the implanted device is not a replacement or supplementation of an actual portion of the organ or part, utilizing forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy to stimulate organs or body parts in a manner that facilitates, regulates, or improves their normal functioning.
Subclass A61H provides for massage and physical-type therapy apparatus or methods for the treatment of disease or disability (i.e., an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy. The apparatus or methods appropriate for this subclass do not surgically alter any portion of the bodies during treatment. Usually, the massage and therapy apparatus and methods of this subclass are intended to facilitate the healing of diseases, reduce the impact of injuries, or beneficially influence the condition of disabled body parts by physically moving a part of a body (e.g., devices for exercising a passive body member) solely by direct physical contact with, or stimulation of, external surfaces of the body or naturally occurring cavities in the body. However, stimulation of internal organs or body parts, such as artificial respiration and stimulation of the heart, when it is done by direct mechanical energy is also considered proper for this subclass.
Subclass A61K and Subclass A61P provide for drug-type therapy using chemical compounds or medicinal preparations specially adapted for use in healing, benefiting, or destroying abnormal conditions of the body (e.g., diseases, birth defects) and the specific therapeutic activities that the chemical compounds and medicinal preparations are used for.
Subclass A61B provides for surgery and surgical-type therapy that alters or repairs organs and body parts. It also provides for any surgical or diagnostic apparatus or methods that would otherwise be proper for subclass A61H or A61N when the apparatus or methods are used for both purposes or combined together. In particular, subclass A61B provides for surgical instruments, devices, or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body (e.g., electromagnetic radiation surgery) to alter or repair it.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus for diagnosis or surgery combined with, or applicable also as, therapy apparatus | A61B |
Apparatus for radiation diagnosis | A61B 6/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body (e.g., radiation surgery, electro-surgery) | A61B 18/00 |
Instruments, implements, tools, or methods specially adapted so as to limit their use to only animals | A61D |
Apparatus or methods utilizing direct mechanical energy in therapy intended to treat disease or disability | A61H |
Percussion or vibration massage apparatus (e.g. using supersonic vibration) | A61H 23/00 |
Apparatus or methods for stimulating specific reflex points by heating or cooling within the cell-life limits | A61H 39/06 |
Devices for applying radioactive material to the body | A61M 36/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring bioelectrical signals of the body or body parts | A61B 5/04 |
Surgical accessories | A61B 19/00 |
Artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body | A61F 2/00 |
Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment | A61F 7/00 |
Saunas | A61H 33/06 |
Radiopharmaceuticals | A61K 51/12 |
Anaesthetic apparatus in general | A61M |
Artificial hearts and circulatory assistance means intended for implantation | A61M 1/12 |
Pressure infusion pumps | A61M 5/142 |
Devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness by mechanical, optical or acoustical means, e.g. audiovisual stimuli | A61M 21/00 |
Therapeutic chemical compounds or medicinal preparation used to treat sicknesses or abnormal conditions of the body | A61P |
Measurement of nuclear X-radiation | G01T |
Techniques for handling of particles or electromagnetic radiation | G21K |
Incandescent lamps having general utility | H01K |
Infrared radiators for heating | H05B |
A61N 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Irradiation apparatus | A61N 5/00 |
A61N 1/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring electric variables | G01R |
Control of generator output in general | H02P, H03L |
A61N 1/38 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For producing shock effects in general | H05C 1/00 |
A61N 1/40 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Microwave apparatus | A61N 5/00 |
A61N 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
A61P - Definition
This subclass covers:
Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
For medicinal, dental or cosmetic preparations to be appropriate for this subclass, it must also be appropriate for one of the following: subclasses A61K or C12N, or classes C01, C07, and C08.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences | A61Q 17/00 |
Special rules of classification
In this subclass, all of the different therapeutic activities stated in the claims or significantly disclosed as examples in the disclosure are classified in all appropriate places.
The classification symbols of this subclass are not listed first when assigned to patent documents.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Drug(s) | includes chemical compounds or compositions with therapeutic activity, i.e. having the ability to cause a physiological, pharmacological or biological effect. |
A61Q - Definition
This subclass covers:
The use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
For a cosmetic or similar toilet preparation to be appropriate for this subclass, it must also be appropriate for one of the following: main group A61K 8/00 , subclasses C07C, C07D, C07F, C07G, C07H, C07J, C07K, C11D and C12N or classes C01 and C08.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Deodorisation of air | A61L 9/00 |
Drugs for dermatological disorders | A61P 17/02-A61P 17/16 |
Essential oils or perfumes per se | C11B 9/00 |
Special rules of classification
In this subclass, all uses of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations stated in the claims or significantly disclosed as examples in the disclosure are classified in all appropriate places.
The classification symbols of this subclass are not listed first when assigned to patent documents.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations | include compositions or preparations for the skin, hair, nails, teeth or oral cavity which are used to clean them, change their appearance, correct body odours, and protect or keep them in good condition. |
A61Q 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparations with therapeutic activity | A61P 17/14 |
A61Q 13/00 - Definition
In this main group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential oil | A concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants |
A61Q 17/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drugs for treating burns | A61P 17/02 |
A61Q 17/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pest repellants | A01N |
A62D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Compositions:
Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires.
Chemical, bio-chemical or physico-chemical processes for chemically altering harmful chemical substances into safe or less dangerous substances.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Fire prevention, fire containment or fire fighting, e.g. portable extinguishers or fire-fighting vehicles | A62C |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fireproof paints | C09D 5/18 |
Fireproofing materials | C09K 21/00 |
A62D 3/00 - Definition
This main group covers:
Processes for chemically altering harmful chemical substances into safe or less-dangerous substances.
These processes can be chemical, bio-chemical or physico-chemical processes, e.g. use of special chemical reagents for chemical fixing, which result in the decomposition or transformation of the harmful chemical substances into harmless or less harmful substances because of a change in their chemical structure.
These processes can comprise the step of dissolving or dispersing the harmful chemical substances in water for the purpose of treating them, or the step of producing, for treatment, a gaseous product from a non-gaseous harmful chemical substance.
The harmful chemical substance can be one component of a mixture, e.g. a component in contaminated sludge.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
The disposal of solid waste or the reclamation of contaminated soil is classified elsewhere, i.e. in class B09. However, the treatment of a specific harmful chemical substance in solid waste resulting in the change of its chemical constitution to make it harmless or less harmful is covered by A62D.
In the same way, treatment of sludge is not classified here with the exception of the treatment of a specific harmful chemical substance in the sludge, e.g. in residues from industrial processes (excluding contaminants from municipal sewage treatment) resulting in the change of its chemical constitution to make it harmless or less harmful.
Preventive chemical treatments, e.g. to prevent the formation of harmful chemical substances are classified elsewhere, depending on the kind of treatment and/or the context of application.
References relevant to classification in this main group
This main group does not cover:
Detoxification of foods or foodstuffs | A23L 1/015 |
Apparatus for chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general | B01 |
Treatment of gases, e.g.: | |
Chemical or biological purification of smoke or fumes, e.g. flue gas | B01D 53/34 |
Purification or modifying the chemical compositions of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide | C10K |
Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust | F01N 3/00 |
Consuming noxious gases by combustion | F23G 7/06 |
Chemical processes resulting in the production of a useful product, e.g.: | |
using untreated contaminated fly ash as raw material in the manufacture of cement | C04B 7/26 |
metals obtained from residues or scrap | C22B |
Treatment of radioactively-contaminated waste | G21F 9/00 |
Treatment of waste water, sewage or sludge | C02F |
Making explosives harmless by detonation | F42D 5/04 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Disinfection or sterilizing methods specially adapted for refuse | A61L 11/00 |
Waste or refuse as compounding ingredient for glass, cement, mortar, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics | C03, C04B |
Materials for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat | C09K 3/32 |
Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials | C10B |
Destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials | C10G 1/06 |
Micro-organisms, enzymes or compositions thereof | C12N |
Consuming waste by combustion | F23G |
Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues | F23J |
Special rules of classification
In this main group, at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary classification is made in the first appropriate place.
When classifying in groups A62D 3/00 to A62D 3/40, a harmful chemical substance which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may be indexed in one or more of groups A62D 101/00 to A62D 101/49.
In this main group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Catalyst | Substance which either increases or decreases the speed of a chemical reaction, without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change. |
Catalyst | |
Chalcogen | Also known as chalcogenides, specifically O, S, Se, Te. |
Harmful | Directly toxic to living organisms, with the exception of toxic to plants only. |
Harmful chemical substances | Chemical waste substances which are too hazardous or toxic to be discarded in an ordinary municipal landfill. |
Halogens | The elements F, Cl, Br ,I , At. |
Physico-chemical | Having at least one chemical step and one physical step. |
Sludge | Residue (normally viscous) from an industrial, residential, or agricultural process. |
A62D 3/11 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one eletrochemical step, e.g. electrodialysis, electrophoresis or electro-osmosis.
A62D 3/13 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step utilizing wave energy in the form of pressure waves moving through a gaseous medium.
A62D 3/15 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step utilizing particle type radiation, i.e. the radiation of energy by means of small fast-moving particles that have energy and mass such as molecules, atoms, protons, and electrons.
A62D 3/19 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step utilizing the chemical action of the substance with either:
A62D 3/20 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step utilizing the thermal property of water and heat, e.g. vapor and hot air mixture, hot water, super critical water, super heated water, or steam, directly on the harmful chemical substance to cause chemical change.
A62D 3/30 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step where at least one distinct chemical material is added to the environment of the harmful chemical substance to react with it.
The actual harmful chemical substances being treated by the process may be combined within a mixture of waste including in addition non-hazardous or nontoxic substances. However, to be proper for this group, the harmful chemical substances must react with the added chemical agents to render it harmless or less harmful, or be an intermediate step in rendering the substance harmless or less harmful.
A62D 3/32 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, wherein the harmful chemical substances react with a distinct chemical reagent which is normally a solid at room temperature but is added to the environment where the reaction takes place in its molten state or is caused to become molten for reaction with the harmful chemical substance.
A62D 3/33 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including a process step wherein a distinct chemical material is added which either
A62D 3/34 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, wherein the harmful chemical substances include halogen and wherein the process includes a process step in which a distinct chemical material (e.g. alkali metal alcoholates, etc.) is added which reacts with the harmful chemical substance in a manner that removes the halogen from the harmful chemical substance.
The removal of halogen from the harmful chemical substance may render it harmless or less harmful, or be an intermediate step in rendering the substance harmless or less harmful.
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Electrolytic degradation of harmful substances | A62D 3/115 |
Dehalogenation in molten chemical reagents | A62D 3/32 |
A62D 3/35 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including a process step wherein a distinct chemical material is added which contains water in its ionic form that chemically reacts with the harmful chemical substances to decompose it.
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Electrolytic degradation of harmful substances | A62D 3/115 |
A62D 3/36 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including a process step wherein a distinct chemical material is added, which is an acidic or basic reagent that chemically reacts with the harmful chemical substance to render it harmless or less harmful by changing its composition.
The acidic or alkaline reagent may either react with the harmful chemical substance to render it harmless or less harmful, or be an intermediate step in rendering the substance harmless or less harmful.
A62D 3/37 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including a process step wherein a distinct chemical material is used in a reductive-type reaction with the harmful chemical substance, i.e. to decrease the positive valence (oxidation state) of the harmful chemical substance.
The reduction reaction splits up the harmful chemical substance into two or more of its components) which is caused by the transfer of one or more electrons from the distinct chemical material to the substance, i.e. the distinct chemical material is oxidized (loses electrons) and the harmful chemical substance is reduced (gains electrons).
A62D 3/38 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including a process step wherein a distinct chemical material is used in an oxidative-type reaction with the harmful chemical substance, i.e. to increase the positive valence (oxidation state) of the harmful chemical substance.
The reduction reaction splits up the harmful chemical substance into two or more of its components which is caused by the transfer of one or more electrons from the harmful chemical substance to the distinct chemical material, i.e. the harmful chemical substance is oxidized (loses electrons) and the distinct chemical material is reduced (gains electrons).
A62D 3/40 - Definition
This group covers:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances, including at least one step that uses heat and the thermal properties of the harmful chemical substance to effect the chemical degradation of the harmful chemical substance.
A62D 7/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials for minimising adherence of ice or water to surfaces | C09K 3/18 |
A62D 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of oxygen-generating compounds in general | C01B 13/00 |
Processes for the production of oxygen from chemicals in general | C25B 1/02 |
A62D 101/00 - Definition
This main group covers:
Specific harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful , by effecting chemical change by processes which as such are already classified in main group A62D 3/00
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Group A62D 101/00 is used to index the harmful chemical substances, if of interest, in order to allow the search of combination of process with substances. This indexing scheme can be used only in combination with group A62D 3/00
Special rules of classification
When indexing a substance in groups A62D 101/02-A62D 101/08, indexing according to its chemical structure is also made in one or more of the groups A62D 101/20-A62D 101/40 of interest.
A62D 101/02 - Definition
This group covers:
These substances include nerve, blister, vesicant, blood, and pulmonary affecting substances.
A62D 101/04 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful chemical substances intended to prevent, repel, destroy, or mitigate pests.
A pest is a plant or animal which is detrimental to humans or human concerns, e.g. agriculture or livestock production.
A62D 101/06 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful chemical substances consisting of chemical compounds or mixtures that are explosive, e.g. bombs or TNT, a chemical reaction propellant, e.g. for rockets or bullets, or a pyrotechnic, e.g. fireworks, flares or napalm.
A62D 101/08 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful chemical substances consisting of chemical compounds that are by-products of combustion or can be components of mixtures that are by-products of combustion.
A62D 101/22 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful organic chemical substances containing halogens, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine.
A62D 101/24 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful organic substances containing one or more metals other than: Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra), Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), and Aluminum (Al).
The harmful chemical substances may contain lithium (Li), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra), Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), or Aluminum (Al) if they also have a metal appropriate for this group.
A62D 101/41 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful inorganic substances containing one or more components that are fibrous.
The fibers may be naturally occurring or man-made from inorganic substances, e.g. made primarily from rock, clay, slag or glass.
A62D 101/43 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful inorganic substances containing one or more metals other than: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra), Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), and Aluminum (Al).
The harmful chemical substances may contain lithium (Li), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra), Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), or Aluminum (Al) if they also have a metal appropriate for this group.
A62D 101/49 - Definition
This group covers:
Harmful inorganic substances containing a halogen, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine.
A63B - Definition
This subclass covers:
Gymnastic or exercising apparatus or equipment, of which examples are:
Climbing or mountaineering apparatus, including apparatus for climbing trees or poles.
Swimming aids or equipment, e.g. flippers, goggles.
Balls for ball games including:
Rackets, bats or other striking implements for ball games, e.g. tennis rackets and similar, golf clubs, baseball bats, cricket bats, hockey sticks.
Accessories for golf; accessories for other ball games.
Targets or goals for ball games; tennis and similar nets and accessories therefor.
Implements for throwing, e.g. darts, javelins, spears, throwing-hammers, boomerangs, discus discs, quoits, juggling clubs.
Miscellaneous sporting games, e.g. miniature golf, juggling, curling, badminton, shuttlecock or like games, games using a hockey puck; projectiles for these games which do not fall into the above category of balls for ball games.
Training appliances for particular sports, e.g. for fencing, riding, skiing, rowing, punching-balls for boxing, golf swing trainers, artificial mountain slopes.
Other games or sports accessories, e.g. indicating or scoring devices, body protectors.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Some sporting subject matter is to be found in other subclasses of class A63. Skates, skis and their bindings, roller skates, skate-boards and the design or layout of playing-courts, rinks, bowling-greens or water-skiing areas or the like are classified in A63C. Bowling-alleys, bowling-games and equipment for bowls (but not the balls which are in A63B) and billiards or snooker are classified in A63D. Merry-go-rounds, swings, rocking-horses, toy animals for riding, chutes, switchbacks, water roundabouts, helter-skelters or the like are classified in A63G. Toys are in A63H. Racing, riding sports and equipment and accessories therefore, including race-courses and race-tracks, are in A63K.
In relation to apparatus or methods for manufacturing balls, it should be borne in mind that working of plastics or substances in a plastic state is classified in class B29 and the chemical or compositional aspects of balls is in Section C, e.g. compositions for making golf balls are usually in subclass C08L.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Protective equipment in the form of clothing or garments for sporting purposes | A41D 13/00 |
in the form of caps or hats | A42B 1/08 |
Helmets | A42B 3/00 |
Apparatus for passive exercising or massage | A61H |
Unicycles | B62K 1/00 |
Vessels or like floating structures for pleasure or sport | B63B 35/71, B63B 35/73 |
Life-saving in water | B63C 9/00 |
Breathing aids for swimming, e.g. snorkels | B63C 11/12 |
Divers' sleds or like craft | B63C 11/46 |
Training of parachutists | B64D 23/00 |
Archers' finger tabs | F41B 5/16 |
Traps for clay-pigeon targets | F41J 9/18 |
Devices for exercising or strengthening of fingers or arms in teaching music | G09B 15/06 |
Non-skid devices or attachments for footwear, e.g. crampons | A43C 15/00 |
Breathing masks or helmets for use at high altitudes | A62B 18/00 |
Safety belts for climbers | A62B 35/00 |
Picks | B25D 7/00 |
Ladders attached to fixed structures | E06C 9/04 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring muscular strength | A61B 5/22 |
Connecting valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
Throwing weapons | F41B |
e.g. sling-weapons | F41B 3/00 |
Stop watches | G04F |
Timing devices | G07C |
A63B 41/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Valves, e.g. self-closing valves | F16K |
A63B 41/12 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Air pumps per se for flowing up balls | F04 |
A63B 55/08 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Running gear or propulsion features for wheeled carriers for golf bags | B60 |
A63C 10/00 - Definition
References relevant to classification in this main group
This main group does not cover:
Bindings for monoskis | A63C 9/00 |
Water skis or wakeboards | B63B 35/81 |
Special rules of classification
When classifying in this group, classification is made in all appropriate subgroups.
In patent documents the expression/word "step-in" is often used with the meaning "mechanism that ensures that, when pressing the shoe on the binding, the shoe will be automatically locked to the holder".
A63C 10/04 - Definition
This group covers:
Snowboard bindings particular suited for soft boots for encompassing the shoe from the upper side and tighten it against the boot. Most of the shoe holders are made from a strap or soft cover. This group further comprises:
A63C 10/06 - Definition
This group covers:
Details of straps which encompass the shoe from upper side, e.g. structure of the strap, tensioning means for the strap, cushioning of the strap, relative arrangement between front and rear strap.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clamp-buckle fastenings; Fastenings with toggle levers | A43C 11/14 |
A63C 10/08 - Definition
This group covers:
Snowboard bindings dedicated to hard boots, i.e. to boots whose structure is rigid enough to hold the foot tight and transmit front to rear holding forces. Consequently only a small part of the boot is held by a stirrup (ref. 5 on the example drawing) or a clamp (ref. 6,7 on the example drawing).
A63C 10/10 - Definition
This group covers:
Step-in snowboard bindings where a part, or several parts, of the shoe are specially adapted to interact with specific parts of the binding. In general this part is made out of rigid material (ref. 20 in the example drawing) which is fastened to the outsole of the boot. This kind of bindings usually allow easy fastening and manual release of the boot and are particular suited for a semi-rigid boots.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Safety ski bindings using parts which are fixed on the shoe of the user and are releasable from the ski bindings | A63C 9/086 |
A63C 10/24 - Definition
This group covers:
Calf or heel supports which are mostly used for non-rigid type boots, where the back part of the shaft is soft and pliable. These types of supports are mostly found in combination with the bindings of groups A63C 10/04 and A63C 10/10. Calf and heel support allow the transmission of forces pointing to the heel when riding on the back edge of the snowboard. A calf support is usually called high back (ref. 30 in the first example drawing, ref. 2 in the second example drawing). Heel supports are usually in the form of a heel loop (ref. 56 in the first example drawing, ref. 17 in the second example drawing).
A63C 10/26 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Skis or snowboards ; Vibration dampers | A63C 5/075 |
A63D - Definition
This subclass covers:
Bowling alleys and boccia courts, including features such as portability, form or material of the surface, stands for players and tracks for returning or circulating the balls;
Table alleys, miniature bowling-alleys and accessories therefor;
Pins; games of pins, e.g. ninepins, with tethered balls;
Bagatelle and similar games e.g. children’s bagatelle;
Billiards, similar games such as snooker and pool, and pocket billiards, including tables and accessories therefor, e.g. cushions, cues, means for roughening cue-tips and scoring or registering devices.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
All aspects of these games are covered by this subclass except for the balls, which are covered by A63B, and devices for propelling, projecting or rolling-off balls which are covered by A63F 7/24.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Billiard tables convertible into beds | A47C 17/62 |
Indoor games using small moving playing bodies, e.g. balls | A63F 7/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Balls | A63B |
Devices for propelling, projecting or rolling-off balls | A63F 7/24 |
Counting mechanisms in general | G06M |
Coin-freed mechanisms e.g. for releasing balls for use | G07F |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Bagatelle | A modification of billiards in which the players’ object is to strike the balls so that they, and perhaps other balls, shall fall into numbered holes that determine the score. Usually the bagatelle table has a rounded far end and a channel on the right hand side along which the balls are propelled. |
Boule-type games | Games, for example bowls, pétanque and boccia, with the general object of throwing or rolling balls or similar rolling objects in order for them to knock, or come to rest as close as possible to, a target. The target may be a smaller ball, commonly known as a ‘jack’. These games can be played by individuals or teams, indoors or outdoors on a range of surfaces, including gravel, grass or specially built courts. The balls can be made from a variety of materials and are generally spherical or ovoid in shape. |
A63H - Definition
This subclass covers:
Toys of the following types:
Special methods or compositions for the manufacture of dolls, toy animals, toy figures or parts thereof.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Toys are often imitations or miniatures of "genuine", "full-size" working devices, machines or apparatus with a practical use. However toys normally have structural details that make them unsuitable for operation similar to that of a full-size equivalent. For the full-size working device, the relevant subclass should be consulted, for example "proper" vehicles, aircraft, etc. should be classified in classes B60-B64 and gearing in general (instead of gearing for toys) is in subclass F16H. In borderline cases where it is difficult to distinguish between a toy and a full-size working device, it may be necessary to classify in several places.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Blowing smoke-rings | A24F 13/30 |
Dolls' footwear | A43B 3/28 |
Changeable or secret pictures | B44F 1/10 |
Firecrackers | F42B 4/04 |
Hand-thrown impact-exploded noise makers | F42B 4/16 |
Kaleidoscopes | G02B 27/08 |
Throwing toys as part of a game | A63F 9/02 |
Traffic games with figures moved by players | A63F 9/14 |
Spring toy guns | F41B 7/08 |
Eyelashes, eyebrows for humans | A41G |
Artificial eyes for humans | A61F 2/14 |
Picture books | B42D 1/00 |
Parachutes for aeronautics | B64D |
Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models | F02B 75/34 |
Models or scenery for general purposes | G09B |
Music, sound or noise production in general | G10 |
Transformers | H01F |
Electric motors per se | H02K |
Converters | H02M |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Toy | A plaything to be actively played with by children or others; something contrived for amusement rather than for practical or serious use. |
Toy figure | A toy that is a caricature or a stylised or symbolic form of a human being, animal, cartoon, fictional character or mythological being. |
A63H 3/06 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
A63H 3/42 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Artificial eyes for human beings | A61F 2/14 |
A63H 3/44 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Wigs, eyelashes, eyebrows for humans | A41G |
A63H 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Music, sound or noise production in general | G10 |
A63H 17/385 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Remote-control arrangements specially adapted for toys | A63H 30/00 |
A63H 19/36 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Models or scenery for general purposes | G09B |
A63H 27/10 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
A63H 27/127 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flying discs | A63B 65/10 |
A63H 27/24 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultra-small engines per se, e.g. for driving models | F02B 75/34 |
Electric motors per se | H02K |
A63H 30/02 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Transformers | H01F |
Converters | H02M |
A63H 31/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gearing in general | F16H |
A63H 33/20 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Parachutes for aeronautics | B64D |
A63H 33/30 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Savings boxes | A45C 1/12 |
Toy ticket punches | G07B 9/02 |
A63H 33/38 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Picture books | B42D 1/00 |
A63H 33/42 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Models or scenery for general purposes | G09B |
A63J - Definition
This subclass covers:
Devices for theatres, circuses or the like places for public entertainment or amusement, e.g. cinemas;
Conjuring appliances or the like appliances for performing magic or illusionary effects;
Stage arrangements;
Equipment for, or arrangement of, circuses or arenas;
Auxiliaries for producing special effects on stages, or in circuses or arenas;
Auxiliary apparatus for artistes;
Centrifugal tracks, loop-the-loops, or the like;
Labyrinths;
Panoramas, dioramas, stereoramas, or the like;
Peep-shows; Kaleidoscopic or the other opalescence exhibitions;
Apparatus for performing colour-music;
Puppet, marionette, or shadow shows or theatres;
Conjuring appliances; Auxiliary apparatus for conjurers;
Equipment specially adapted for cinemas.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
E04B covers general building constructions; walls, e.g. partitions; roofs; floors; ceilings; insulation or other protection of buildings. For example, E04B 7/00 covers typical arena roof construction.
E04H covers buildings or like structures for particular purposes; swimming or splash baths or pools; masts; fencing; tents or canopies, in general. For example, E04H 3/00 covers buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes and their constructional features; E04H 15/00 covers tent types.
A63G covers devices for public for public amusement, especially rotating or rocking devices for fun-fairs. A63H covers toys for similar amusements, toy scenery, or hand puppets used by artists for their performance.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chutes; Helters-skelters | A63G 21/00 |
Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise theatres or stages | B60P 3/025 |
General building constructions; walls; roofs; floors; ceilings; insulation or other protection of buildings | E04B |
Buildings or like structures for particular purposes; swimming or splash baths or pools; masts; fencing; tents or canopies, in general | E04H |
Buildings or groups of buildings for meetings, entertainments, or sports | E04H 3/10 |
Theatres; Concert halls; Studios for cinematography, constructional features of stages or auditoriums in theatres or the like | E04H 3/22 |
Tents in general, e.g. circus tents | E04H 15/00 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Conjuring | The art or skill of performing tricks or illusions for entertainment. |
In patent documents the following terms "conjuring", "prestidigitation" and "sleights of hand" are often used as synonyms. Also, these terms can be used as keywords.
In patent documents the following terms "track", "path", "raceway", "racetrack", are often used as synonyms. Also, these terms can be used as keywords.
A63J 1/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for drawing domestic curtains | A47H 5/00 |
Fire-proof curtains | A62C 2/10 |
Capstans; winches; tackles | B66D |
Fabrics for theatre decorations, for costumes, for curtains | D03D |
Structural arrangements of stage or theatre | E04H |
Models of scenic effects, e.g. trees, rocks, water surfaces other than for stage purposes | G09B 25/08 |
A63J 3/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Circus buildings | E04B |
Buildings or like structures for particular purposes; swimming or splash baths or pools; masts; fencing; tents or canopies, in general | E04H |
A63J 5/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lifts in, or associated with, buildings | B66B 9/00 |
Platform lifts | B66F 7/00 |
Shiftable or portable platforms of stages | E04H 3/28 |
Lighting arrangements for stages, or in circuses or arenas, e.g. for producing special lighting effects | F21S |
Electrophonic musical instruments; instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means or electronic generators, or in which the tones are synthesised from a data store | G10H |
Electric lighting not otherwise provided for; Circuit arrangements for electric light sources in general; Controlling | H05B 37/02 |
A63J 5/12 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Elevators, escalators or moving walkways | B66B 9/00 |
A63J 7/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Masks for theatrical use | A41G 7/00 |
Hand-puppets | A63H 3/14 |
A63J 9/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Looping-the loop swings for public amusments | A63G 9/08 |
Chutes for public amusement | A63G 21/00 |
A63J 13/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Model railway units in combination with scenics for toy purposes | A63H 19/36 |
Toy models or toy scenery not otherwise provided for | A63H 33/42 |
Models for full-sized devices for demonstration purposes, for surveying or for geography, e.g. relief models | G09B 25/00 |
A63J 15/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Optical, colour, or shadow toys | A63H 33/22 |
Kaleidoscopes | G02B 27/08 |
A63J 17/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Controlling arrangements in circuits for electric light sources, in general | H05B 37/02 |
Electrophonic musical instruments; instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means or electronic generators, or in which the tones are synthesised from a data store | G10H |
A63J 19/00 - Definition
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hand-puppets | A63H 3/14 |
Jumping jacks | A63H 3/18 |