G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G03
PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY (reproduction of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals H04N)  [4]
 G03

Note(s)

In this class, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:

  • "records" means photographs or any other kind of latent, directly-visible or permanent storage of pictorial information, which consist of an imagewise distribution of a quantity, e.g. an electric charge pattern, recorded on a carrier member;
  • "optical" applies not only to visible light but also to ultra-violet or infra-red radiations.  [4]

 G03B
APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (optical parts of such apparatus G02B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials G03D)  [4]
 G03B

Note(s)

This subclass covers, as far as processes are concerned, only processes characterised by the use or manipulation of apparatus classifiable per se in this subclass.

 G03B
Subclass index
DETAILS
Common to at least two of cameras, projectors and printers 1/00 - 5/00
Common to cameras only
exposure, control thereof 7/00, 9/00
viewfinders, focusing aids 13/00
filters; constructional details, accessories 11/00; 17/00
special procedures for taking photographs 15/00
Common to projectors only 21/00, 23/00
Common to printers only 27/00
APPARATUS
Cameras 19/00
Projectors, viewers; devices for changing pictures 21/00, 25/00; 23/00
Printing apparatus 27/00
Combinations with other apparatus 29/00
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES
Associated working with sound apparatus 31/00
Colour photography; stereoscopic photography; panoramic photography; high-speed photography 33/00; 35/00; 37/00; 39/00
Other techniques 41/00
Using waves other than optical waves, visualisation 42/00
TESTING 43/00
 G03B 1/00 - 
G03B 5/00
Details common to at least two of the following types of apparatus: cameras, projectors, printers
P:200 G03B 1/00
Film-strip handling of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
 G03B 1/02
·  Moving film strip by pull on end thereof
 G03B 1/18
·  Moving film strip by means which act on the film between the ends thereof
P:210 G03B 3/00
Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers (focusing means, autofocus systems for cameras G03B 13/00; means for automatic focusing of projectors G03B 21/53; means for automatic focusing of projection-printing apparatus or copying cameras G03B 27/34, G03F)
 G03B 3/10
·  Power-operated focusing
P:220 G03B 5/00
Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
 G03B 5/02
·  Lateral adjustment of lens
 G03B 5/04
·  Vertical adjustment of lens; Rising fronts
 G03B 5/06
·  Swinging lens about normal to the optical axis
 G03B 5/08
·  Swing backs
 G03B 7/00 - 
G03B 17/00
Details common to cameras
P:130 G03B 7/00
Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms, or filters separately or conjointly (measuring intensity of light G01J; control of exposure in television cameras by means of circuitry for compensating for variation in the brightness of the object H04N 5/235)
 G03B 7/08
·  Control effected solely by response to built-in light-sensitive device to the intensity of light received by the camera
 G03B 7/091
·  ·  Digital circuits  [3]
 G03B 7/099
·  ·  Arrangement of photoelectric elements in or on the camera  [3]
 G03B 7/16
·  in accordance with both the intensity of the flash source and the distance of the flash source from object, e.g. in accordance with "guide number" of flash bulb and the focusing of the camera
 G03B 7/18
·  in accordance with light-reducing "factor" of filter or other obturator used with or on the lens of the camera
 G03B 7/20
·  in accordance with change of lens
 G03B 7/24
·  automatically in accordance with markings or other means indicating film speed or kind of film on the magazine to be inserted in the camera  [3]
 G03B 7/26
·  Power supplies; Circuitry or arrangement to switch on the power source; Circuitry to check the power source voltage  [3]
 G03B 7/28
·  Circuitry to measure or to take account of the object contrast  [3]
P:140 G03B 9/00
Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
 G03B 9/02
·  Diaphragms  [2]
 G03B 9/08
·  Shutters (electro-, magneto-, or acousto-optical shutters G02F 1/00)  [2]
 G03B 9/10
·  ·  Blade or disc rotating or pivoting about axis normal to its plane
 G03B 9/36
·  ·  Sliding rigid plate
P:150 G03B 11/00
Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes (filters per se G02B)
P:120 G03B 13/00
Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras (hoods, caps G03B 11/00; reflex camera arrangements G03B 19/12, G03B 19/02; rangefinders per se G01C 3/00; automatic focusing in general G02B 7/09; systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28)  [5]
 G03B 13/02
·  Viewfinders
 G03B 13/04
·  ·  of direct-vision type, e.g. frame, sighting mark
 G03B 13/06
·  ·  with lenses with or without reflectors
 G03B 13/10
·  ·  adjusting viewfinder field
 G03B 13/12
·  ·  ·  to compensate for change of camera lens or size of picture
 G03B 13/16
·  ·  combined with focusing aids
 G03B 13/18
·  Focusing aids
 G03B 13/32
·  Means for focusing  [5]
 G03B 13/34
·  ·  Power focusing  [5]
 G03B 13/36
·  ·  ·  Autofocus systems  [5]
P:100 G03B 15/00
Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
 G03B 15/02
·  Illuminating scene
 G03B 15/03
·  ·  Combinations of cameras with lighting apparatus; Flash units
 G03B 15/05
·  ·  ·  Combinations of cameras with electronic flash apparatus; Electronic flash units (discharge lamps per se H01J; circuit arrangements H05B 41/00)
 G03B 15/08
·  Trick photography
P:160 G03B 17/00
Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor (lens hoods or caps G03B 11/00)
 G03B 17/02
·  Bodies
 G03B 17/04
·  ·  collapsible, foldable, or extensible, e.g. book type (bellows for instruments in general G12B)
 G03B 17/06
·  ·  with exposure meters or other indicators built into body but not connected to other camera members
 G03B 17/08
·  ·  Waterproof bodies or housings
 G03B 17/10
·  ·  Soundproof bodies
 G03B 17/12
·  ·  with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
 G03B 17/16
·  ·  for containing both motion-picture camera and still-picture camera
 G03B 17/17
·  ·  with reflectors arranged in beam forming the photographic image, e.g. for reducing dimensions of camera
 G03B 17/18
·  Signals indicating condition of a camera member or suitability of light (indicating depth of field G03B 13/18)
 G03B 17/20
·  ·  visible in viewfinder
 G03B 17/22
·  with means for cutting-off film
 G03B 17/24
·  with means for separately producing marks on the film, e.g. title, time of exposure
 G03B 17/26
·  Holders for containing light-sensitive material and adapted to be inserted within the camera (holders for X-ray films G03B 42/04)  [2]
 G03B 17/28
·  Locating light-sensitive material within camera
 G03B 17/30
·  ·  Locating spools or other rotatable holders of coiled film
 G03B 17/32
·  ·  Locating plates or cut films
 G03B 17/36
·  Counting number of exposures (of film strips G03B 1/00; counting mechanisms in general G06M)
 G03B 17/38
·  Releasing-devices separate from shutter (integral with shutter G03B 9/08)
 G03B 17/42
·  Interlocking between shutter operation and advance of film or change of plate or cut-film
 G03B 17/44
·  Means for exchanging focusing screen and light-sensitive material
 G03B 17/46
·  Means for exposing single frames in motion-picture camera
 G03B 17/48
·  adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus (with microscopes, with telescopes G02B)
 G03B 17/55
·  with provision for heating or cooling, e.g. in aircraft
 G03B 17/56
·  Accessories (carrying-cases A45C)
P:110 G03B 19/00
Cameras (details G03B 17/00; motion picture cameras with non-intermittently running film G03B 41/00)
 G03B 19/02
·  Still-picture cameras
 G03B 19/12
·  ·  Reflex cameras with single objective and a movable reflector or a partly-transmitting mirror
P:170 G03B 21/00
Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor (devices for changing pictures G03B 23/00; zoetropes G03B 25/00; photographic printing apparatus G03B 27/00; devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect F21S 10/00; optical projection comparators G01B 9/08; projection microscopes G02B 21/36)
 G03B 21/02
·  Multiple-film apparatus
 G03B 21/06
·  affording only episcopic projection
 G03B 21/08
·  affording epidiascopic projection
 G03B 21/10
·  Projectors with built-in or built-on screen (projection screens in general G03B 21/56)
 G03B 21/12
·  adapted for projection of either still pictures or motion pictures (prolonged exhibition of single frame G03B 21/32)
 G03B 21/13
·  Projectors for producing special effects at the edges of picture, e.g. blurring
 G03B 21/132
·  Overhead projectors, i.e. capable of projecting hand-writing or drawing during action (epidiascopic projectors G03B 21/08)
 G03B 21/134
·  Projectors combined with typing apparatus or with printing apparatus
 G03B 21/14
·  Details
 G03B 21/16
·  ·  Cooling; Preventing overheating
 G03B 21/18
·  ·  Fire preventing or extinguishing
 G03B 21/20
·  ·  Lamp housings (condensers per se G02B)
 G03B 21/22
·  ·  Soundproof bodies
 G03B 21/26
·  ·  Projecting separately subsidiary matter simultaneously with main image (light pointers G02B 27/20)
 G03B 21/28
·  ·  Reflectors in projection beam
 G03B 21/30
·  ·  adapted to collapse or fold, e.g. for portability
 G03B 21/32
·  ·  Details specially adapted for motion-picture projection (with film moving continuously through the gate G03B 41/00)
 G03B 21/53
·  ·  Means for automatic focusing, e.g. to compensate thermal effects (automatic focusing in general G02B 7/09; systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28)  [5]
 G03B 21/54
·  Accessories
 G03B 21/56
·  ·  Projection screens
 G03B 21/60
·  ·  ·  characterised by the nature of the surface, e.g. lenticular, fluid
 G03B 21/62
·  ·  ·  ·  translucent
P:190 G03B 23/00
Devices for changing pictures in viewing apparatus or projectors (film-strip handling G03B 1/00; direct viewers G02B)
 G03B 23/00

Note(s)

In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

  • "picture" means any flat representation, whether transparent or not, e.g. produced by photography, writing, or printing.

P:180 G03B 25/00
Viewers, other than projection viewers, giving motion-picture effects by persistence of vision, e.g. zoetrope (high-speed photography G03B 39/00)
P:90 G03B 27/00
Photographic printing apparatus (film-strip handling G03B 1/00)
 G03B 27/02
·  Exposure apparatus for contact printing
 G03B 27/32
·  Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
 G03B 27/34
·  ·  Means for automatic focusing therefor (systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28; means for automatic focusing for photomechanical production G03F 7/207)  [4]
 G03B 27/42
·  ·  for automatic sequential copying of the same original (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/44
·  ·  for multiple copying of the same original at the same time (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/46
·  ·  for automatic sequential copying of different originals, e.g. enlargers, roll film printers (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/50, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/465
·  ·  ·  at different positions of the same strip, e.g. microfilm  [4]
 G03B 27/47
·  ·  ·  at different positions of the same sheet, e.g. microfiche  [4]
 G03B 27/475
·  ·  ·  copying cinematographic film (G03B 27/48 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/48
·  ·  ·  with original in the form of a film strip moving continuously and compensation for consequent image movement
 G03B 27/50
·  ·  with slit or like diaphragm moving over original for progressive exposure (G03B 27/34 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/52
·  ·  Details
 G03B 27/53
·  ·  ·  Automatic registration or positioning of originals with respect to each other or the photosensitive layer (within photo-mechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. of integrated circuits, G03F 9/00)  [4]
 G03B 27/54
·  ·  ·  Lamp housings; Illuminating means (controlling the exposure G03B 27/72)
 G03B 27/56
·  ·  ·  Mounting enlarger head on column
 G03B 27/58
·  ·  ·  Baseboards, masking frames, or other holders for the sensitive material (G03B 27/53 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/62
·  ·  ·  Holders for the original (G03B 27/53 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/64
·  ·  ·  ·  using a vacuum or fluid pressure
 G03B 27/66
·  ·  ·  specially adapted for holding half-tone screens
 G03B 27/68
·  ·  ·  Introducing or correcting distortion, e.g. in connection with oblique projection
 G03B 27/70
·  ·  ·  Reflectors in printing beam
 G03B 27/72
·  Controlling or varying light intensity, spectral composition, or exposure time in photographic printing apparatus (exposure meters per se G01J; control of light intensity in general G05D 25/00)
 G03B 27/73
·  ·  Controlling exposure by variation of spectral composition, e.g. multicolor printers  [3]
 G03B 27/74
·  ·  Positioning exposure meters in the apparatus
 G03B 27/80
·  ·  in dependence upon automatic analysis of the original (G03B 27/73 takes precedence)  [3]
P:80 G03B 29/00
Combinations of cameras, projectors, or photographic printing apparatus with non-photographic non-optical apparatus, e.g. clocks, weapons; Cameras having the shape of other objects (combinations with flash apparatus G03B 15/03; combinations with instruments for medical examination of cavities or tubes of the body A61B 1/04; arrangements specially adapted for eye photography A61B 3/14; combinations with surveying instruments G01C; combinations with core or moderator structure of nuclear reactors G21C 17/08; structural combinations with electric discharge tubes H01J 5/02, H01J 29/89, H01J 37/22)
 G03B 31/00 - 
G03B 42/00
Special techniques
P:20 G03B 31/00
Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or -reproducing means (record carriers characterised by the selection of the material and comprising cinematographic film and magnetic track G11B 5/62)
P:60 G03B 33/00
Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film (printing apparatus G03B 27/00; stereoscopic colour photography G03B 35/00)
P:50 G03B 35/00
Stereoscopic photography (panoramic or wide-screen systems G03B 37/00; photogrammetry G01C)
 G03B 35/18
·  by simultaneous viewing
P:40 G03B 37/00
Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
P:30 G03B 39/00
High-speed photography
P:70 G03B 41/00
Special photographic techniques not covered by groups G03B 31/00-G03B 39/00; Apparatus therefor  [2]
P:10 G03B 42/00
Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means (investigating or analysing materials using electromagnetic or sonic waves G01N; using radar, sonar or analogous techniques G01S)  [4]
 G03B 42/02
·  using X-rays (measurement of X-radiation G01T; X-ray apparatus, circuits therefor H05G 1/00)  [4]
 G03B 42/04
·  ·  Holders for X-ray films  [4]
P:0 G03B 43/00
Testing correct operation of photographic apparatus or parts thereof (measuring specific variables G01)