LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
B32B
Note(s)
This subclass covers:
layered products comprising different kinds of material or layered products not characterised by the particular kind of material used;
a product similar to a layered product but comprising only material in the form of a sheet or network embedded in a mass of plastics or of physically-similar substances which mass penetrates the said sheet or network and lies on both sides of the latter (e.g. so that the sheet or network reinforces the plastics substance) provided that the embedded sheet or network extends coherently or connectedly over substantially the whole area of the product; thus the embedded sheet or network may be a fabric or a series of rods connected by cross wires. The manner of making such a product is, however, classified in this subclass only if it is essentially a process of building-up an assembly of layers of which at least one outer layer is preformed. If the embedded material comprises only a series of unconnected rods, the product is not classified in this subclass.
compositions or preparation or treatment thereof, unless they are essentially restricted to layered products and cannot be fully classified in another class without ignoring this restriction;
etched metallic pattern on the surface of a printed circuit board. [3]
In this subclass, a film formed on a layer by spreading a substance thereon is not considered to constitute a layer itself if it serves only as an adhesive or its purpose is merely to finish a surface of a product.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"layer" is a sheet or strip or anything else having a small thickness relatively to its other dimensions which, together with at least one other layer, exists in a product, whether it pre-existed, e.g. as a separate sheet or strip, or was formed during the production of the layered product. It may or may not be homogeneous or cohesive; it may be an assembly of fibres or pieces of material. It may be discontinuous, e.g. in the form of a grating, honeycomb, or frame. It may or may not be in complete contact with the next layer, e.g. a corrugated layer against a flat layer;
"layered product" comprises at least two layers secured together. The term "secured" includes any method of uniting layers, e.g. needling, stitching, gluing, nailing, dovetailing or the interposition of an adhesive or adhesive impregnated support. It may also be an intermediate stage in the production of an article which is not layered in its final form, e.g. a panel with a protective layer which is stripped off when the panel is placed in its position of use. The layers are preformed layers or layers formed in situ on a preformed layer and may consist of coherent solid materials, including honeycombs and other cellular materials or of non-coherent solid materials composed of assemblies of strands, strips, fibres, tiles or the like;
"filamentary layer" means a layer of threads or filaments of any substance (e.g. wires) of more or less unlimited length placed in an orderly arrangement and secured together; it may be woven, knitted, braided, or netted, or formed of threads crossed or laid side and bonded together;
"fibrous layer" means a random assembly of fibres or filaments, usually of limited length, e.g. felt, fleece; the fibres may or may not be interengaged or connected, e.g. by adhesive.
The classification of layered products is provided for in many classes, most of which are confined to a particular kind of material. However, in order that this subclass may provide a basis for making a complete search with respect to layered products, all relevant subject matter is classified in this subclass even though it may also be classified in other classes.
In this group, channels, voids, and cavities may be filled otherwise than with air, e.g. with gas, with liquid, with other material different from that of the layer in which they occur.
B32B 3/02
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characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
B32B 3/04
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characterised by a layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer
B32B 3/06
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for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support (use or provision of nails, stitches, or similar separate fastening elements for these purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B 7/08)
B32B 3/08
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characterised by added members at particular parts
B32B 3/10
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characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. apertured or formed of separate pieces of material
B32B 3/10
Note(s)
In this group, a series of spaced separate elements forming in effect a broken surface should be regarded as a layer.
B32B 3/12
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characterised by a layer of regularly-arranged cells whether integral or formed individually or by conjunction of separate strips, e.g. honeycomb structure
B32B 3/14
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characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material
B32B 3/18
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characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material
characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids (regular cells Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B 3/12)
In this group, fibres, filaments, granules, or powder forming or included in a layer may be impregnated, bonded together, or embedded in a substance such as synthetic resin. If the substance of the fibres, or the like, or the impregnating, bonding, or embedding substance, is important it is classified in the relevant group for the substance.
B32B 5/02
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characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments (formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B 5/16)
B32B 5/02
Note(s)
This group covers, in addition to filamentary and fibrous layers as defined in Note (4) following the title of this subclass, layers of substances having an intrinsic fibrous nature (e.g. paper, wood), if the fibrous nature is important and the particular substance is not important.
B32B 5/04
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characterised by a layer being specifically extensible by reason of its structure or arrangement
B32B 5/06
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characterised by a fibrous layer needled to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
B32B 5/08
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the fibres or filaments of a layer being specially arranged or being of different substances
B32B 5/10
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characterised by a fibrous layer reinforced with filaments
B32B 5/12
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characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of adjacent layers
B32B 5/14
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characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
B32B 5/16
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characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
B32B 5/18
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characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 5/20
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foamed in situ
B32B 5/22
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characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous
as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 27/08
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of synthetic resin of a different kind
B32B 27/10
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of paper or cardboard
B32B 27/12
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next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
B32B 27/14
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next to a particulate layer
B32B 27/16
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specially treated, e.g. irradiated
B32B 27/18
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characterised by the use of special additives
B32B 27/20
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using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
B32B 27/22
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using plasticisers
B32B 27/24
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using solvents or swelling agents
B32B 27/26
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using curing agents
B32B 27/28
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comprising copolymers of synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the following subgroups
B32B 27/30
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comprising vinyl resin; comprising acrylic resin
B32B 27/32
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comprising polyolefins
B32B 27/34
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comprising polyamides
B32B 27/36
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comprising polyesters
B32B 27/38
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comprising epoxy resins
B32B 27/40
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comprising polyurethanes
B32B 27/42
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comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
P:140
B32B 29/00
Layered products essentially comprising paper or cardboard
P:170
B32B 33/00
Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings (surface unevennesses or non-uniformities Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B 3/00); Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
B32B 37/00
Methods or apparatus for making layered products; Treatment of the layers or of the layered products [8]
"laminating" means the action of combining previously unconnected layers to become one product whose layers will remain together;
"partial laminating" occurs when one layer does not fully cover a surface of another layer, whereby the layer with the greater surface area is laminated on only part of its surface;
"adhesive" means a layer, or part of a layer, applied in any state or in any manner, which is incorporated for the purpose of bonding. [8]
P:180
B32B 37/00
Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding [8]
B32B 37/02
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characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations [8]
B32B 37/04
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characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer [8]
B32B 37/06
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characterised by the heating method [8]
B32B 37/08
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characterised by the cooling method [8]
B32B 37/10
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characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using direct action of vacuum or fluid pressure [8]
B32B 37/12
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characterised by using adhesives [8]
B32B 37/14
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characterised by the properties of the layers [8]
B32B 37/28
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involving assembly of non-flat intermediate products which are flattened at a later step, e.g. tubes [8]
B32B 37/30
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Partial laminating [8]
P:190
B32B 38/00
Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes [8]