H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04

Note(s)

This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication.  [4]

 H04W
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS  [2009.01]
 H04W

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • communication networks for selectively establishing one or a plurality of wireless communication links between a desired number of users or between users and network equipment, for the purpose of transferring information via these wireless communication links; [2009.01]
    • networks deploying an infrastructure for mobility management of wireless users connected thereto, e.g. cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network], wireless access networks, e.g. WLL [Wireless Local Loop] or self-organising wireless communication networks, e.g. ad hoc networks; [2009.01]
    • planning or deployment specially adapted for the above-mentioned wireless networks; [2009.01]
    • services or facilities specially adapted for the above-mentioned wireless networks; [2009.01]
    • arrangements or techniques specially adapted for the operation of the above-mentioned wireless networks. [2009.01]
  2. This subclass does not cover :
  3. In this subclass, at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the first appropriate place. [2009.01]
 H04W 4/00
Services or facilities specially adapted for wireless communication networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/02
·  Services making use of the location of users or terminals  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/04
·  ·  in a dedicated environment, e.g. buildings or vehicles  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/06
·  Selective distribution of broadcast; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/08
·  ·  User group management  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/10
·  ·  Push-to-Talk or Push-on-Call services  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/12
·  Messaging, e.g. SMS [Short Messaging Service]; Mailboxes; Announcements, e.g. informing users on the status or progress of a communication request  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/14
·  ·  Short messaging services, e.g. SMS or USSD [Unstructured Supplementary Service Data]  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/16
·  Communication-related supplementary services, e.g. call-transfer or call-hold  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/18
·  Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/20
·  Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/22
·  Emergency connection handling  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/24
·  Accounting or billing  [2009.01]
 H04W 4/26
·  ·  Usage measurement  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/00
Network data management  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/02
·  Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/04
·  ·  Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/06
·  ·  Registration at serving network Location Register, VLR or user mobility server  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/08
·  ·  Mobility data transfer  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/10
·  ·  ·  between location register and external networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/12
·  ·  ·  between location registers or mobility servers  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/14
·  ·  ·  between corresponding nodes  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/16
·  ·  ·  selectively restricting mobility tracking  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/18
·  Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/20
·  ·  Transfer of user or subscriber data  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/22
·  Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/24
·  ·  Transfer of terminal data  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/26
·  Network addressing or numbering for mobility support  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/28
·  ·  Number portability  [2009.01]
 H04W 8/30
·  Network data restoration  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/00
Security arrangements, e.g. access security or fraud detection; Authentication, e.g. verifying user identity or authorisation; Protecting privacy or anonymity  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/02
·  Protecting privacy or anonymity  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/04
·  Key management  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/06
·  Authentication  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/08
·  Access security  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/10
·  Integrity  [2009.01]
 H04W 12/12
·  Fraud detection  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/00
Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cell structures  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/02
·  Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/04
·  ·  Traffic adaptive resource partitioning  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/06
·  ·  Hybrid resource partitioning, e.g. channel borrowing  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/08
·  ·  ·  Load shedding arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/10
·  ·  Dynamic resource partitioning  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/12
·  ·  Fixed resource partitioning  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/14
·  Spectrum sharing arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/16
·  ·  for PBS [Private Base Station] arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/18
·  Network planning tools  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/20
·  ·  for indoor coverage or short range network deployment  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/22
·  Traffic simulation tools or models  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/24
·  Cell structures  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/26
·  ·  Cell enhancers, e.g. for tunnels or building shadow  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/28
·  ·  using beam steering  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/30
·  ·  Special cell shapes, e.g. doughnuts or ring cells  [2009.01]
 H04W 16/32
·  ·  Hierarchical cell structures  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/00
Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/02
·  Arrangements for optimising operational condition  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/04
·  Arrangements for maintaining operational condition  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/06
·  Testing using simulated traffic  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/08
·  Testing using real traffic  [2009.01]
 H04W 24/10
·  Scheduling measurement reports  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/00
Network traffic or resource management  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/02
·  Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/04
·  ·  Error control  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/06
·  ·  Optimising, e.g. header compression, information sizing  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/08
·  ·  Load balancing or load distribution  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/10
·  ·  Flow control  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/12
·  ·  ·  using signalling between network elements  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/14
·  ·  ·  using intermediate storage  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/16
·  Central resource management; Negotiation of resources, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/18
·  ·  Negotiating wireless communication parameters  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/20
·  ·  ·  Negotiating bandwidth  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/22
·  ·  ·  Negotiating communication rate  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/24
·  ·  Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]  [2009.01]
 H04W 28/26
·  ·  Resource reservation  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/00
Handoff or reselecting arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/02
·  Buffering or recovering information during reselection  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/04
·  Reselecting a cell layer in multi-layered cells  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/06
·  Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/08
·  Reselecting an access point  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/10
·  Reselecting an access point controller  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/12
·  Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/14
·  Reselecting a network or an air interface  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/16
·  Performing reselection for specific purposes  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/18
·  ·  for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/20
·  ·  for optimising the interference level  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/22
·  ·  for handling the traffic  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/24
·  Reselection being triggered by specific parameters  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/26
·  ·  by agreed or negotiated communication parameters  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/28
·  ·  ·  involving a plurality of connections, e.g. multi-call or multi-bearer connections  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/30
·  ·  by measured or perceived connection quality data  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/32
·  ·  by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/34
·  Reselection control  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/36
·  ·  by user or terminal equipment  [2009.01]
 H04W 36/38
·  ·  by fixed network equipment  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/00
Communication routing or communication path finding  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/02
·  Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/04
·  ·  based on wireless node resources  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/06
·  ·  ·  based on characteristics of available antennas  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/08
·  ·  ·  based on transmission power  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/10
·  ·  ·  based on available power or energy  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/12
·  ·  based on transmission quality or channel quality  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/14
·  ·  ·  based on stability  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/16
·  ·  ·  based on interference  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/18
·  ·  based on predicted events  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/20
·  ·  based on geographic position or location  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/22
·  ·  using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/24
·  Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/26
·  ·  for hybrid routing by combining proactive and reactive routing  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/28
·  ·  for reactive routing  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/30
·  ·  for proactive routing  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/32
·  ·  for defining a routing cluster membership  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/34
·  Modification of an existing route  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/36
·  ·  due to handover  [2009.01]
 H04W 40/38
·  ·  adapting due to varying relative distances between nodes  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/00
Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/02
·  Access restriction performed under specific conditions  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/04
·  ·  based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction or speed  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/06
·  ·  based on traffic conditions  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/08
·  Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/10
·  ·  using broadcasted information  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/12
·  ·  using downlink control channel  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/14
·  ·  using user query  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/16
·  Discovering; Processing access restriction or access information  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/18
·  Selecting a network or a communication service  [2009.01]
 H04W 48/20
·  Selecting an access point  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/00
Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/02
·  Power saving arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/04
·  TPC [Transmission power control]  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/06
·  ·  TPC algorithms  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/08
·  ·  ·  Closed loop power control  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/10
·  ·  ·  Open loop power control  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/12
·  ·  ·  Outer and inner loops  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/14
·  ·  ·  Separate analysis of uplink or downlink  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/16
·  ·  ·  Deriving transmission power values from another channel  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/18
·  ·  TPC being performed according to specific parameters  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/20
·  ·  ·  using error rate  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/22
·  ·  ·  taking into account previous information or commands  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/24
·  ·  ·  using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/26
·  ·  ·  using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/28
·  ·  ·  using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/30
·  ·  using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/32
·  ·  ·  TPC of broadcast or control channels  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/34
·  ·  ·  TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/36
·  ·  ·  with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/38
·  ·  TPC being performed in particular situations  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/40
·  ·  ·  during macro-diversity or soft handoff  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/42
·  ·  ·  in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/44
·  ·  ·  in connection with interruption of transmission  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/46
·  ·  ·  in multi-hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/48
·  ·  ·  during retransmission after error or non-acknowledgment  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/50
·  ·  ·  at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/52
·  ·  using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/54
·  ·  Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/56
·  ·  ·  Detection of errors of TPC bits  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/58
·  ·  ·  Format of the TPC bits  [2009.01]
 H04W 52/60
·  ·  ·  using different transmission rates for TPC commands  [2009.01]
 H04W 56/00
Synchronisation arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 60/00
Registration, e.g. affiliation to network; De-registration, e.g. terminating affiliation  [2009.01]
 H04W 60/02
·  by periodical registration  [2009.01]
 H04W 60/04
·  using triggered events  [2009.01]
 H04W 60/06
·  De-registration or detaching  [2009.01]
 H04W 64/00
Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/00
Notification of users, e.g. alerting for incoming communication or change of service  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/02
·  Arrangements for increasing efficiency of notification or paging channel  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/04
·  multi-step notification using statistical or historical mobility data  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/06
·  using multi-step notification by changing the notification area  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/08
·  using multi-step notification by increasing the notification area  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/10
·  using simulcast notification  [2009.01]
 H04W 68/12
·  Inter-network notification  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/00
Local resource management, e.g. selection or allocation of wireless resources or wireless traffic scheduling  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/02
·  Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/04
·  Wireless resource allocation  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/06
·  ·  based on ranking criteria of the wireless resources  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/08
·  ·  based on quality criteria  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/10
·  ·  based on priority criteria  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/12
·  Wireless traffic scheduling  [2009.01]
 H04W 72/14
·  ·  using a grant channel  [2009.01]
 H04W 74/00
Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access  [2009.01]
 H04W 74/02
·  Hybrid access techniques  [2009.01]
 H04W 74/04
·  Scheduled access  [2009.01]
 H04W 74/06
·  ·  using polling  [2009.01]
 H04W 74/08
·  Non-scheduled access, e.g. random access, ALOHA or CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]  [2009.01]
 H04W 76/00
Connection management, e.g. connection set-up, manipulation or release  [2009.01]
 H04W 76/02
·  Connection set-up  [2009.01]
 H04W 76/04
·  Connection manipulation  [2009.01]
 H04W 76/06
·  Connection release  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/00
Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation, e.g. WAP [Wireless Application Protocol]  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/02
·  Data link layer protocols  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/04
·  Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/06
·  Transport layer protocols, e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/08
·  Upper layer protocols  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/10
·  ·  adapted for session management, e.g. SIP [Session Initiation Protocol]  [2009.01]
 H04W 80/12
·  ·  Application layer protocols, e.g. WAP  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/00
Network topologies  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/02
·  Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/04
·  ·  Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/06
·  ·  ·  Airborne or Satellite Networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/08
·  ·  ·  Trunked mobile radio systems  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/10
·  ·  Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/12
·  ·  ·  WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/14
·  ·  ·  WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; RLL [Radio Local Loop]  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/16
·  ·  ·  WPBX [Wireless Private Branch Exchange]  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/18
·  Self-organising networks, e.g. ad hoc networks or sensor networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/20
·  ·  Master-slave arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 84/22
·  ·  with access to wired networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/00
Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/02
·  Terminal devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/04
·  ·  adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/06
·  ·  adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode terminals  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/08
·  Access point devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/10
·  ·  adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/12
·  Access point controller devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/14
·  Backbone network devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/16
·  Gateway arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 88/18
·  Service support; Network management devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/00
Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/02
·  Inter-networking arrangements  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/04
·  Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/06
·  ·  between gateways and public network devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/08
·  ·  between user and terminal device  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/10
·  ·  between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/12
·  ·  between access points and access point controllers  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/14
·  ·  between access point controllers and backbone network device  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/16
·  Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/18
·  ·  between terminal devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/20
·  ·  between access points  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/22
·  ·  between access point controllers  [2009.01]
 H04W 92/24
·  ·  between backbone network devices  [2009.01]
 H04W 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass  [2009.01]