|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H04 |
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

|  | H04 |
Note(s) This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication. [4]

|  | H04H |
BROADCAST COMMUNICATION (multiplex communication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J; pictorial communication aspects of broadcast systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N)

|  | H04H |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated: [2008.01] “broadcast” is simultaneous distribution of identical signals to plural receiving stations. The term "broadcast" does not include distribution to receiving stations which is controlled by requests or responses from the receiving stations; [2008.01] “broadcast information” covers all kinds of information distributed by broadcast systems; [2008.01] “broadcast-related information” is information required by services provided via broadcast systems, other than broadcast information; [2008.01] “broadcast time” is a time when particular broadcast information exists and is available; [2008.01] “broadcast channel” is a channel via which broadcast information is distributed, e.g. carrier waves, time slots, cables or wireless broadcast service areas; [2008.01] “broadcast space” is either a set of broadcast channels in which particular broadcast information exists and is available or a geographical area determined by the set of broadcast channels; [2008.01] “broadcast space-time” is space-time determined by broadcast space and broadcast time in which particular broadcast information exists and is available; [2008.01] “broadcast system” is a system which consists of transmitter, transponder and receiver for broadcast; [2008.01] “broadcast-related system” is a system which is directly affected by generation, broadcast, reception or use of broadcast information; [2008.01] “broadcast service” is a service directly provided by a broadcast system, i.e. distribution service of broadcast information; [2008.01] “broadcast-related service” is a service provided by broadcast-related systems; [2008.01] “A with a direct linkage to B” means that A directly affects B or that A is directly affected by B. [2008.01] In this subclass, multi-aspect classification is applied, so that subject matter characterised by aspects covered by more than one of its groups, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in each of those groups. [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/00 |
Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/02 |
· | Arrangements for relaying broadcast information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/04 |
· · | from field pickup units [FPU] [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/06 |
· · | among broadcast stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/08 |
· · | among terminal devices [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/10 |
· | Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or during the distribution [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/12 |
· | Arrangements for monitoring, testing or troubleshooting [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/14 |
· · | for monitoring programmes [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/16 |
· | Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information repeatedly [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/18 |
· | Arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/20 |
· | Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/22 |
· · | Arrangements for broadcast of identical information via plural broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/24 |
· · | Arrangements for distribution of identical information via broadcast system and non-broadcast system [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/26 |
· | Arrangements for switching distribution systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/28 |
· | Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/30 |
· · | by a single channel [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/31 |
· · · | using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/33 |
· · | by plural channels [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/34 |
· · · | using an out-of-band subcarrier signal [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/36 |
· · | for AM broadcasts [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/38 |
· | Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/40 |
· | Arrangements for broadcast specially adapted for accumulation-type receivers [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/42 |
· | Arrangements for resource management [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/44 |
· | Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/46 |
· · | specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 20/53-H04H 20/86 [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/47 |
· · · | specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/48 |
· · · · | for FM stereophonic broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/49 |
· · · · | for AM stereophonic broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/51 |
· · · | specially adapted for satellite broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/53 |
· | Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/55 |
· · | for traffic information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/57 |
· · | for mobile receivers [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/59 |
· · | for emergency or urgency [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/61 |
· · | for local area broadcast, e.g. instore broadcast [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/62 |
· · · | for transportation systems, e.g. in vehicles [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/63 |
· · · | to plural spots in a confined site, e.g. MATV [Master Antenna Television] [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/65 |
· | Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/67 |
· · | Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/69 |
· · | Optical systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/71 |
· · | Wireless systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/72 |
· · · | of terrestrial networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/74 |
· · · | of satellite networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/76 |
· · | Wired systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/77 |
· · · | using carrier waves [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/78 |
· · · · | CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/79 |
· · · · · | using downlink of the CATV systems, e.g. audio broadcast via CATV network [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/80 |
· · · · | having frequencies in two or more frequency bands, e.g. medium wave and VHF [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/81 |
· · · · | combined with telephone network over which the broadcast is continuously available [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/82 |
· · · | using signals not modulated onto a carrier [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/83 |
· · · · | not sharing the network with any other service [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/84 |
· · · | combined with power distribution network [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/86 |
· | Arrangements characterised by special technical features of the broadcast information, e.g. signal form or information format [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/88 |
· · | Stereophonic broadcast systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/89 |
· · · | using three or more audio channels, e.g. triphonic or quadraphonic [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/91 |
· · | broadcasting computer programmes [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/93 |
· · | which locates resources of other pieces of information, e.g. URL [Uniform Resource Locator] [2008.01]

|  | H04H 20/95 |
· · | characterised by a specific format, e.g. MP3 [MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3] [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/00 |
Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/09 |
· | Arrangements for receiving desired information automatically according to timetables [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/18 |
· | Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/27 |
· · | specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 20/53-H04H 20/86 [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/36 |
· · · | specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast receiving [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/45 |
· · · · | for FM stereophonic broadcast receiving [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/54 |
· · · · · | generating subcarriers [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/63 |
· · · · · | for separation improvements or adjustments [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/72 |
· · · · · | for noise suppression [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/81 |
· · · · · | for stereo-monaural switching [2008.01]

|  | H04H 40/90 |
· · · | specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/00 |
Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/02 |
· | Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/04 |
· · | Studio equipment; Interconnection of studios [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/05 |
· · · | Mobile studios [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/06 |
· · | Arrangements for scheduling broadcast services or broadcast-related services [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/07 |
· · | characterised by processes or methods for the generation [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/09 |
· | Arrangements for device control with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for control of broadcast-related services [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/11 |
· · | Arrangements for counter-measures when a portion of broadcast information is unavailable [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/12 |
· · · | wherein another information is substituted for the portion of broadcast information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/13 |
· · | Arrangements for device control affected by the broadcast information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/14 |
· · | Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/15 |
· · · | on receiving information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/16 |
· · · | on playing information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/17 |
· · · | on recording information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/18 |
· · · | on copying information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/19 |
· · · | on transmission of information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/20 |
· · · | on secondary editing information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/21 |
· · · | Billing for the use of broadcast information or broadcast-related information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/22 |
· · · · | per use [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/23 |
· · · | using cryptography, e.g. encryption, authentication or key distribution [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/25 |
· | Arrangements for updating broadcast information or broadcast-related information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/27 |
· | Arrangements for recording or accumulating broadcast information or broadcast-related information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/29 |
· | Arrangements for monitoring broadcast services or broadcast-related services [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/31 |
· · | Arrangements for monitoring the use made of the broadcast services [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/32 |
· · | Arrangements for monitoring conditions of receiving stations, e.g. malfunction or breakdown of receiving stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/33 |
· · | Arrangements for monitoring the users' behaviour or opinions [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/35 |
· | Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/37 |
· · | for identifying segments of broadcast information, e.g. scenes or extracting programme ID [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/38 |
· · | for identifying broadcast time or space [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/39 |
· · · | for identifying broadcast space-time (use of Electronic Programme Guides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/72) [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/40 |
· · · | for identifying broadcast time [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/41 |
· · · | for identifying broadcast space, i.e. broadcast channels, broadcast stations or broadcast areas [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/42 |
· · · · | for identifying broadcast areas [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/43 |
· · · · | for identifying broadcast channels [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/44 |
· · · · | for identifying broadcast stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/45 |
· · | for identifying users [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/46 |
· · | for recognising users' preferences [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/47 |
· · | for recognising genres [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/48 |
· · | for recognising items expressed in broadcast information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/49 |
· · | for identifying locations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/50 |
· · · | of broadcast or relay stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/51 |
· · · | of receiving stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/52 |
· · · | of users [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/53 |
· · · | of destinations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/54 |
· · · | where broadcast information is generated [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/56 |
· | Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/29 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/35 [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/58 |
· · | of audio [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/59 |
· · | of video [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/61 |
· | Arrangements for services using the result of monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/29 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/35 [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/63 |
· · | for services of sales [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/64 |
· · | for providing detail information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/65 |
· · | for using the result on users' side [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/66 |
· · | for using the result on distributors' side [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/68 |
· | Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/70 |
· · | using geographical information, e.g. maps, charts or atlases [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/71 |
· · | using meteorological information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/72 |
· · | using EPGs [Electronic Programme Guides] (focusing on identifying broadcast space-time Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/39) [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/73 |
· · | using meta-information [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/74 |
· · · | using programme related information, e.g. title, composer or interpreter [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/76 |
· | Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/78 |
· · | characterised by source locations or destination locations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/79 |
· · · | characterised by transmission among broadcast stations [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/80 |
· · · | characterised by transmission among terminal devices [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/81 |
· · | characterised by the transmission system itself [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/82 |
· · · | the transmission system being the Internet [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/83 |
· · · · | accessed over telephonic networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/84 |
· · · · · | which are fixed telephone networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/85 |
· · · · · | which are mobile communication networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/86 |
· · · · | accessed over CATV networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/87 |
· · · · | accessed over computer networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/88 |
· · · · · | which are wireless networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/89 |
· · · · · | which are wired networks [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/90 |
· · · | Wireless transmission systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/91 |
· · · · | Mobile communication networks (for accessing the Internet Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/85) [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/92 |
· · · · | for local area [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/93 |
· · · | Wired transmission systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/94 |
· · · · | Telephonic networks (for accessing the Internet Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/84) [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/95 |
· · · · | for local area [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/96 |
· · · · | CATV systems (for accessing the Internet Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H 60/86) [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/97 |
· · · · · | using uplink of the CATV systems [2008.01]

|  | H04H 60/98 |
· · · | Physical distribution of media, e.g. postcards, CDs or DVDs [2008.01]