F	SECTION F MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGLIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F01	MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F02; machines for liquids F03, F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
F01B	MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES (of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F01C; of non-positive-displacement type F01D; internal-combustion aspects of reciprocating-piston engines F02B0057000000, F02B0059000000; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; flywheels F16F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F16H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, for engines in general F16J)
F01B0001000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements (F01B0003000000, F01B0005000000 take precedence);;
F01B0001010000	with one single cylinder
F01B0001020000	with cylinders all in one line
F01B0001040000	with cylinders in V-arrangement
F01B0001060000	with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
F01B0001080000	with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
F01B0001100000	with more than one main shaft, e.g. coupled to common output shaft (combinations of two or more machines or engines F01B0021000000)
F01B0001120000	Separate cylinder-crankcase elements coupled together to form a unit
F01B0003000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F01B0003020000	with wobble-plate
F01B0003040000	the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
F01B0003060000	by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal
F01B0003080000	the helices being arranged on the pistons
F01B0003100000	Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto (suitable for more general application F01L)
F01B0005000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main shaft axis
F01B0007000000	Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders (in opposite arrangement relative to main shaft F01B0001080000)
F01B0007020000	with oppositely reciprocating pistons
F01B0007040000	acting on same main shaft
F01B0007060000	using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or ; vice versa
F01B0007080000	with side rods
F01B0007100000	having piston-rod of one piston passed through other piston
F01B0007120000	using rockers and connecting-rods
F01B0007140000	acting on different main shafts
F01B0007160000	with pistons synchronously moving in tandem arrangement
F01B0007180000	with differential piston (F01B0007200000 takes precedence);;
F01B0007200000	with two or more pistons reciprocating one within another, e.g. one piston forming cylinder of the other
F01B0009000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to groups  F01B0001000000-F01B0007000000; (connections disengageable during idling F01B0031240000)
F01B0009020000	with crankshaft
F01B0009040000	with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
F01B0009060000	the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
F01B0009080000	with ratchet and pawl
F01B0011000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
F01B0011020000	Equalising or cushioning devices
F01B0011040000	Engines combined with reciprocatory driven devices, e.g. hammers (with pumps F01B0023080000; predominating aspects of driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);
F01B0011060000	for generating vibration only
F01B0011080000	with direct fluid transmission link (F01B0011020000 takes precedence);;
F01B0013000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion (machines or engines of flexible-wall type F01B0019000000)
F01B0013020000	with one cylinder only
F01B0013040000	with more than one cylinder
F01B0013060000	in star arrangement
F01B0015000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with movable cylinders other than provided for in group  F01B0013000000; (with movable cylinder sleeves for working-fluid control F01L)
F01B0015020000	with reciprocating cylinders (with one piston within another F01B0007200000)
F01B0015040000	with oscillating cylinder
F01B0015060000	Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto
F01B0017000000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
F01B0017020000	Engines
F01B0017040000	Steam engines
F01B0019000000	Positive-displacement machines or engines of flexible-wall type
F01B0019020000	with plate-like flexible members
F01B0019040000	with tubular flexible members
F01B0021000000	Combinations of two or more machines or engines (F01B0023000000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H; regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups);
F01B0021020000	the machines or engines being all of reciprocating-piston type
F01B0021040000	the machines or engines being not all of reciprocating-piston type, e.g. of reciprocating steam engine with steam turbine
F01B0023000000	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (F01B0011000000 takes precedence;fluid gearing F16H; aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for these devicesregulating or controlling, see the relevant groups);
F01B0023020000	Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant classes for vehicles);;
F01B0023040000	the vehicles being waterborne vessels
F01B0023060000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like
F01B0023080000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
F01B0023100000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F01B0023120000	Adaptations for driving rolling mills or other heavy reversing machinery
F01B0025000000	Regulating, controlling, or safety means (regulating or controlling in general G05)
F01B0025020000	Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity (distributing or expansion valve gear F01L)
F01B0025040000	Sensing elements
F01B0025060000	responsive to speed
F01B0025080000	Final actuators
F01B0025100000	Arrangements or adaptations of working-fluid admission or discharge valves (valves in general F16K)
F01B0025120000	Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone F01B0025040000; final actuators alone F01B0025080000)
F01B0025140000	peculiar to particular kinds of machines or engines
F01B0025160000	Safety means responsive to specific conditions (against water hammer or the like in steam engines F01B0031340000)
F01B0025180000	preventing rotation in wrong direction
F01B0025200000	Checking operation of safety devices
F01B0025220000	Braking by redirecting working fluid
F01B0025240000	thereby regenerating energy
F01B0025260000	Warning devices
F01B0027000000	Starting of machines or engines (starting combustion engines F02N)
F01B0027020000	of reciprocating-piston engines
F01B0027040000	by directing working-fluid supply, e.g. by aid of by-pass steam conduits
F01B0027060000	specially for compound engines
F01B0027080000	Means for moving crank off dead-centre (turning-gear in general F16H)
F01B0029000000	Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in main groups ; F01B0001000000-F01B0027000000
F01B0029020000	Atmospheric engines, i.e. atmosphere acting against vacuum
F01B0029040000	characterised by means for converting from one type to a different one
F01B0029060000	from steam engine into combustion engine
F01B0029080000	Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
F01B0029100000	Engines (refrigeration machines F25B)
F01B0029120000	Steam engines (toy steam engines A63H0025000000)
F01B0031000000	Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups (machine or engine casings, other than those peculiar to steam engines, F16M)
F01B0031020000	De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena
F01B0031040000	Means for equalising torque in reciprocating-piston machines or engines (compensation of inertial forces, suppression of vibration in systems F16F)
F01B0031060000	Means for compensating relative expansion of component parts
F01B0031080000	Cooling of steam engines (cooling of fluid machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L0059000000)
F01B0031100000	Lubricating arrangements of steam engines (of fluid machines or engines in general F01M)
F01B0031120000	Arrangements of measuring or indicating devices (warning apparatus F01B0025260000; measuring instruments or the like per seG01)
F01B0031140000	Changing of compression ratio
F01B0031160000	Silencers specially adapted for steam engines (arrangements of exhaust pipes or tubes on steam engines F01B0031300000; gas-flow silencers or exhaust silencers for machines or engines in general F01N)
F01B0031180000	Draining
F01B0031200000	of cylinders
F01B0031220000	Idling devices, e.g. having by-passing valves
F01B0031240000	Disengagement of connections between pistons and main shafts
F01B0031260000	Other component parts, details, or accessories, peculiar to steam engines
F01B0031280000	Cylinders or cylinder covers
F01B0031300000	Arrangements of steam conduits
F01B0031320000	Arrangements or adaptations of vacuum breakers
F01B0031340000	Safety means against water hammer or against the penetration of water (steam traps F16T)
F01B0031360000	automatically cutting-off steam supply
F01C	ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES (internal-combustion aspects F02B0053000000, F02B0055000000)
F01C0001000000	Rotary-piston machines or engines (with axes of co-operating members non-parallel F01C0003000000; with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F01C0005000000; with fluid ring or the like F01C0007000000; rotary-piston machines or engines in which the working fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons F01B0013000000)
F01C0001020000	of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
F01C0001040000	of internal-axis type
F01C0001060000	of other than internal-axis type (F01C0001063000 takes precedence);;
F01C0001063000	with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them
F01C0001067000	having cam-and-follower type drive
F01C0001070000	having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive
F01C0001073000	having pawl-and-ratchet type drive
F01C0001077000	having toothed-gearing type drive
F01C0001080000	of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F01C0001100000	of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F01C0001107000	with helical teeth
F01C0001113000	the inner member carrying rollers intermeshing with the outer member
F01C0001120000	of other than internal-axis type
F01C0001140000	with toothed rotary pistons
F01C0001160000	with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
F01C0001180000	with similar tooth forms (F01C0001160000 takes precedence);;
F01C0001200000	with dissimilar tooth forms (F01C0001160000 takes precedence);;
F01C0001220000	of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
F01C0001240000	of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions
F01C0001260000	of internal-axis type
F01C0001280000	of other than internal-axis type
F01C0001300000	having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups ; F01C0001020000, F01C0001080000, F01C0001220000, F01C0001240000;  or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
F01C0001320000	having both the movement defined in group ; F01C0001020000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F01C0001324000	with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F01C0001328000	and hinged to the outer member
F01C0001332000	with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F01C0001336000	and hinged to the inner member
F01C0001340000	having the movement defined in group ; F01C0001080000;  or F01C0001220000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F01C0001344000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F01C0001348000	the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member
F01C0001352000	the vanes being pivoted on the axis of the outer member
F01C0001356000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F01C0001360000	having both the movements defined in groups ; F01C0001220000 and F01C0001240000
F01C0001380000	having the movement defined in group  F01C0001020000 and having a hinged member(F01C0001320000 takes precedence);;
F01C0001390000	with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member
F01C0001400000	having the movement defined in group ; F01C0001080000;  or F01C0001220000 and having a hinged member
F01C0001440000	with vanes hinged to the inner member
F01C0001460000	with vanes hinged to the outer member
F01C0003000000	Rotary-piston machines or engines with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members (with the working-chamber walls being at least partly resiliently deformable F01C0005000000)
F01C0003020000	the axes being arranged at an angle of 90
F01C0003040000	with axially-sliding vanes
F01C0003060000	the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90
F01C0003080000	of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F01C0005000000	Rotary-piston machines or engines with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable
F01C0005020000	the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the inner member, e.g. of a rotary piston
F01C0005040000	the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the outer member, e.g. of a housing
F01C0005060000	the resiliently-deformable wall being a separate member
F01C0005080000	of tubular form, e.g. hose
F01C0007000000	Rotary-piston machines or engines with fluid ring or the like
F01C0009000000	Oscillating-piston machines or engines
F01C0011000000	Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (F01C0013000000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H)
F01C0013000000	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for these devices);;
F01C0013020000	for driving hand-held tools or the like
F01C0013040000	for driving pumps or compressors
F01C0017000000	Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing
F01C0017020000	of toothed-gearing type (F01C0001077000 takes precedence);;
F01C0017040000	of cam-and-follower type (F01C0001067000 takes precedence);;
F01C0017060000	using cranks, universal joints, or similar elements (F01C0001070000 takes precedence);;
F01C0019000000	Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines (sealings in general F16J)
F01C0019020000	Radially-movable sealings for working fluids
F01C0019040000	of rigid material
F01C0019060000	of resilient material
F01C0019080000	Axially-movable sealings for working fluids
F01C0019100000	Sealings for working fluids between radially and axially movable parts
F01C0019120000	for other than working fluid
F01C0020000000	Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
F01C0020020000	specially adapted for several machines or engines connected in series or in parallel
F01C0020040000	specially adapted for reversible machines or engines
F01C0020060000	specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
F01C0020080000	characterised by varying the rotational speed
F01C0020100000	characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber
F01C0020120000	using sliding valves
F01C0020140000	using rotating valves
F01C0020160000	using lift valves
F01C0020180000	characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber (by changing the positions of inlet or outlet openings F01C0020100000)
F01C0020200000	by changing the form of the inner or outer contour of the working chamber
F01C0020220000	by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members
F01C0020240000	characterised by using valves regulating pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves (F01C0020100000 takes precedence);;
F01C0020260000	using bypass channels
F01C0020280000	Safety arrangements; Monitoring
F01C0021000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in groups ; F01C0001000000-F01C0020000000
F01C0021020000	Arrangements of bearings (bearing constructions F16C)
F01C0021040000	Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M)
F01C0021060000	Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L)
F01C0021080000	Rotary pistons (reciprocating pistons in general F16J)
F01C0021100000	Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings (casings for rotary engines or machines in general F16M)
F01C0021180000	Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
F01D	NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive-displacement pumps F04D)
F01D0001000000	Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines (with working-fluid flows in opposite axial directions for balancing axial thrust F01D0003020000; with other than pure rotation F01D0023000000; turbines characterised by their use in special steam systems, cycles, or processes, regulating devices therefor F01K)
F01D0001020000	with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor (F01D0001240000 takes precedence;without working-fluid guiding means F01D0001180000)
F01D0001040000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D0001060000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D0001080000	having inward flow
F01D0001100000	having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages (F01D0001120000 takes precedence);;
F01D0001120000	with repeated action on same blade ring
F01D0001140000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D0001160000	characterised by having both reaction stages and impulse stages
F01D0001180000	without working-fluid guiding means (F01D0001240000, F01D0001320000, F01D0001340000 take precedence);;
F01D0001200000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D0001220000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D0001240000	characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working-fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like
F01D0001260000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D0001280000	traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D0001300000	characterised by having a single rotor operable in either direction of rotation, e.g. by reversing of blades (combinations of machines or engines F01D0013000000)
F01D0001320000	with pressure/velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor
F01D0001340000	characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes (F01D0001320000 takes precedence;sirens G10K0007000000)
F01D0001360000	using fluid friction
F01D0001380000	of the screw type
F01D0003000000	Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working fluid
F01D0003020000	characterised by having one fluid flow in one axial direction and another fluid flow in the opposite direction
F01D0003040000	axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like
F01D0005000000	Blades; Blade-carrying members (nozzle boxes F01D0009020000); Heating, heat-insulating, cooling, or antivibration means on the blades or the members
F01D0005020000	Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors (rotors of non-bladed type F01D0001340000; stators F01D0009000000)
F01D0005030000	Annular blade-carrying members having blades on the inner periphery of the annulus and extending inwardly radially, i.e. inverted rotors
F01D0005040000	for radial-flow machines or engines
F01D0005060000	Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple-disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
F01D0005080000	Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means
F01D0005100000	Antivibration means
F01D0005120000	Blades (blade roots F01D0005300000; rotors with blades adjustable in operation F01D0007000000; stator blades F01D0009020000)
F01D0005140000	Form or construction (selecting particular materials, measures against erosion or corrosion F01D0005280000)
F01D0005160000	for counteracting blade vibration
F01D0005180000	Hollow blades; Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means on blades
F01D0005200000	Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
F01D0005220000	Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. by shrouding
F01D0005240000	using wire or the like
F01D0005260000	Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections
F01D0005280000	Selecting particular materials; Measures against erosion or corrosion
F01D0005300000	Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots
F01D0005320000	Locking, e.g. by final locking-blades or keys
F01D0005340000	Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction
F01D0007000000	Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof (for reversing F01D0001300000)
F01D0007020000	having adjustment responsive to speed
F01D0009000000	Stators (non-fluid guiding aspects of casings, regulating, controlling, or safety aspects, see the relevant groups);;
F01D0009020000	Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits
F01D0009040000	forming ring or sector
F01D0009060000	Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
F01D0011000000	Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages (sealings in general F16J)
F01D0011020000	by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type (for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator F01D0011080000)
F01D0011040000	using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D0011060000	Control thereof
F01D0011080000	for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator (specially-shaped blade tips therefor F01D0005200000)
F01D0011100000	using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D0011120000	using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible, deformable or resiliently biased part
F01D0011140000	Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing (rotors with blades adjustable in operation F01D0007000000)
F01D0011160000	by self-adjusting means (F01D0011120000 takes precedence);;
F01D0011180000	using stator or rotor components with predetermined thermal response, e.g. selective insulation, thermal inertia, differential expansion
F01D0011200000	Actively adjusting tip-clearance
F01D0011220000	by mechanically actuating the stator or rotor components, e.g. moving shroud sections relative to the rotor
F01D0011240000	by selectively cooling or heating stator or rotor components
F01D0013000000	Combinations of two or more machines or engines (F01D0015000000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H; regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups);
F01D0013020000	Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
F01D0015000000	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups;aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);
F01D0015020000	Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangement in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes);;
F01D0015040000	the vehicles being waterborne vessels
F01D0015060000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like
F01D0015080000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
F01D0015100000	Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F01D0015120000	Combinations with mechanical gearing (driven by multiple engines F01D0013000000)
F01D0017000000	Regulating or controlling by varying flow (for reversing F01D0001300000; by varying rotor blade position F01D0007000000; specially for starting F01D0019000000; shutting-down F01D0021000000; regulating or controlling in general G05)
F01D0017020000	Arrangement of sensing elements (sensing elements per se, see the relevant subclasses);;
F01D0017040000	responsive to load
F01D0017060000	responsive to speed
F01D0017080000	responsive to condition of working fluid, e.g. pressure
F01D0017100000	Final actuators (valves in general F16K)
F01D0017120000	arranged in stator parts
F01D0017140000	varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
F01D0017160000	by means of nozzle vanes
F01D0017180000	varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits
F01D0017200000	Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone F01D0017020000; final actuators alone F01D0017100000)
F01D0017220000	the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
F01D0017240000	electrical
F01D0017260000	fluid, e.g. hydraulic
F01D0019000000	Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith (warming-up before starting F01D0025100000; turning or inching gear F01D0025340000)
F01D0019020000	dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine casing
F01D0021000000	Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
F01D0021020000	Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
F01D0021040000	responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator, e.g. indicating such position
F01D0021060000	Shutting-down
F01D0021080000	Restoring position
F01D0021100000	responsive to unwanted deposits on blades, in working-fluid conduits, or the like
F01D0021120000	responsive to temperature
F01D0021140000	responsive to other specific conditions
F01D0021160000	Trip gear
F01D0021180000	involving hydraulic means
F01D0021200000	Checking operation of shut-down devices
F01D0023000000	Non-positive-displacement machines or engines with movement other than pure rotation, e.g. of endless-chain type
F01D0025000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
F01D0025020000	De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena
F01D0025040000	Antivibration arrangements
F01D0025060000	for preventing blade vibration (means on blade-carrying members or blades F01D0005000000)
F01D0025080000	Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Heat insulation (of blade-carrying members, of blades F01D0005000000)
F01D0025100000	Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
F01D0025120000	Cooling
F01D0025140000	Casings modified therefor (double casings F01D0025260000)
F01D0025160000	Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings (bearings per seF16C)
F01D0025180000	Lubricating arrangements (of machines or engines in general F01M)
F01D0025200000	using lubrication pumps
F01D0025220000	using working fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
F01D0025240000	Casings (modified for heating or cooling F01D0025140000); Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings (casings for rotary machines or engines in general F16M)
F01D0025260000	Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
F01D0025280000	Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
F01D0025300000	Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
F01D0025320000	Collecting of condensation water; Drainage
F01D0025340000	Turning or inching gear
F01D0025360000	using electric motors
F01K	STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02; steam generation F22; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D)
F01K0001000000	Steam accumulators (use of accumulators in steam engine plants F01K0003000000)
F01K0001020000	for storing steam otherwise than in a liquid
F01K0001040000	for storing steam in a liquid, e.g. Ruth type (in alkali to increase steam pressure F22B0001200000)
F01K0001060000	Internal fittings facilitating steam distribution, steam formation, or circulation (acting during charging or discharging F01K0001080000; fittings facilitating circulation through multiple accumulators F01K0001140000)
F01K0001080000	Charging or discharging of accumulators with steam (peculiar to multiple accumulators F01K0001120000)
F01K0001100000	specially adapted for superheated steam
F01K0001120000	Multiple accumulators; Charging, discharging, or regulating peculiar thereto
F01K0001140000	Circulation
F01K0001160000	Other safety or regulating means
F01K0001180000	for steam pressure
F01K0001200000	Other steam-accumulator parts, details, or accessories
F01K0003000000	Steam engine plants
F01K0003000000	Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein (regenerating exhaust steam F01K0019000000)
F01K0003020000	Use of accumulators and specific engine types; Regulating thereof
F01K0003040000	the engine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
F01K0003060000	the engine being of extraction or non-condensing type
F01K0003080000	Use of accumulators, the plant being specially adapted for a specific use
F01K0003100000	for vehicle drive, e.g. for accumulator locomotives
F01K0003120000	having two or more accumulators
F01K0003140000	having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator (steam superheaters per seF22G)
F01K0003160000	Mutual arrangement of accumulator and heater
F01K0003180000	having heaters (having both steam accumulator and heater F01K0003140000; steam heaters per seF22)
F01K0003200000	with heating by combustion gases of main boiler
F01K0003220000	Controlling, e.g. starting, stopping
F01K0003240000	with heating by separately-fired heaters
F01K0003260000	with heating by steam
F01K0005000000	Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
F01K0005020000	used in regenerative installation
F01K0007000000	Plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine (F01K0003020000 takes precedence);;Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles, or processes (reciprocating-piston engines using uniflow principle F01B0017040000); Regulating means peculiar to such systems, cycles, or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
F01K0007020000	the engines being of multiple-expansion type (the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000; the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000)
F01K0007040000	Regulating means peculiar thereto
F01K0007060000	the engines being of multiple-inlet-pressure type (F01K0007020000 takes precedence;the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000; the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000)
F01K0007080000	Regulating means peculiar thereto
F01K0007100000	characterised by the engine exhaust pressure (the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000; the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000)
F01K0007120000	of condensing type
F01K0007140000	Regulating means peculiar thereto
F01K0007160000	the engines being only of turbine type (the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000)
F01K0007180000	the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
F01K0007200000	Regulating means peculiar thereto
F01K0007220000	the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
F01K0007240000	Regulating or safety means peculiar thereto
F01K0007260000	the turbines having inter-stage steam accumulation
F01K0007280000	Regulating means peculiar thereto
F01K0007300000	the turbines using exhaust steam only
F01K0007320000	the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure
F01K0007340000	the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating (feed-water heaters in general F22D)
F01K0007360000	the engines being of positive-displacement type
F01K0007380000	the engines being of turbine type
F01K0007400000	Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
F01K0007420000	Use of desuperheaters for feed-water heating
F01K0007440000	Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
F01K0009000000	Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines (by condensers structurally combined with engines F01K0011000000; steam condensers per seF28B)
F01K0009020000	Arrangements or modifications of condensate or air pumps
F01K0009040000	with dump valves to by-pass stages
F01K0011000000	Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
F01K0011020000	the engines being turbines
F01K0011040000	the boilers or condensers being rotated in use
F01K0013000000	General layout or general methods of operation, of complete plants
F01K0013020000	Regulating, e.g. stopping or starting
F01K0015000000	Adaptations of plants for special use
F01K0015020000	for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes);;
F01K0015040000	the vehicles being waterborne vessels
F01K0017000000	Use of steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant (for heating feed-water F01K0007340000; returning condensate to boiler F22D)
F01K0017020000	for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic (F01K0017060000 takes precedence;domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central-heating systems, in general F24D0001000000, F24D0003000000, F24D0009000000)
F01K0017040000	for specific purposes other than heating (F01K0017060000 takes precedence);;
F01K0017060000	Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel of plant
F01K0019000000	Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhaust from steam engine plant (plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure F01K0005000000; returning condensate to boiler F22D)
F01K0019020000	Regenerating by compression
F01K0019040000	in combination with cooling or heating
F01K0019060000	in engine cylinder
F01K0019080000	compression done by injection apparatus, jet blower, or the like
F01K0019100000	Cooling exhaust steam other than by condenser; Rendering exhaust steam invisible
F01K0021000000	Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
F01K0021020000	with steam generation in engine cylinders
F01K0021040000	using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas (direct-contact steam generators in general F22B)
F01K0021060000	Treating live steam, other than thermodynamically, e.g. for fighting deposits in engine
F01K0023000000	Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
F01K0023020000	the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F01K0023040000	condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K0023060000	combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K0023080000	with working fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K0023100000	with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K0023120000	the engines being mechanically coupled (F01K0023020000 takes precedence);;
F01K0023140000	including at least one combustion engine
F01K0023160000	all the engines being turbines (F01K0023140000 takes precedence);;
F01K0023180000	characterised by adaptation for specific use
F01K0025000000	Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
F01K0025020000	the fluid remaining in the liquid phase
F01K0025040000	the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
F01K0025060000	using mixtures of different fluids (plants using mixtures of steam and gas F01K0021040000)
F01K0025080000	using special vapours
F01K0025100000	the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
F01K0025120000	the vapours being metallic, e.g. mercury
F01K0025140000	using industrial or other waste gases
F01K0027000000	Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
F01K0027020000	Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
F01L	CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES (valves in general F16K)
F01L0001000000	Valve-gear for internal-combustion piston engines or for other machines or engines with positive working-fluid displacement (valve-gear specially for steam engines or specially for other machines or engines with variable fluid distribution F01L0015000000-F01L0035000000)
F01L0001000000	Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear (lift valve and valve seat assemblies per seF01L0003000000; slide-valve gear F01L0005000000; actuated non-mechanically F01L0009000000; valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod F01L0011000000; modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations F01L0013000000)
F01L0001020000	Valve drive (transmitting-gear between valve drive and valve F01L0001120000)
F01L0001040000	by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics, or the like (F01L0001100000 takes precedence);;
F01L0001047000	Camshafts
F01L0001053000	overhead type
F01L0001060000	the cams, or the like, rotating at a higher speed than that corresponding to the valve cycle, e.g. operating four-stroke engine valves directly from crankshaft
F01L0001080000	Shape of cams
F01L0001100000	by means of crank- or eccentric-driven rods
F01L0001120000	Transmitting-gear between valve drive and valve (simultaneously operating two or more valves F01L0001260000)
F01L0001140000	Tappets; Push-rods
F01L0001160000	Silencing impact; Reducing wear
F01L0001180000	Rocking arms or levers
F01L0001200000	Adjusting or compensating clearance, i.e. lash adjustment
F01L0001220000	automatically
F01L0001240000	by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
F01L0001245000	Hydraulic tappets
F01L0001250000	between cam and valve stem
F01L0001255000	between cam and rocker arm
F01L0001260000	characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift valves per cylinder (with coaxial valves F01L0001280000)
F01L0001280000	characterised by the provision of coaxial valves; characterised by the provision of valves co-operating with both intake and exhaust ports
F01L0001300000	characterised by the provision of positively opened and closed valves, i.e. desmodromic valves
F01L0001320000	characterised by the provision of means for rotating lift valves, e.g. to diminish wear
F01L0001340000	characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening
F01L0001344000	changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
F01L0001348000	by means acting on timing belts or chains
F01L0001352000	using bevel or epicyclic gear
F01L0001356000	making the angular relationship oscillate
F01L0001360000	peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle
F01L0001380000	for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle (F01L0001260000, F01L0001280000 take precedence);;
F01L0001400000	for engines with scavenging charge near top dead-centre position, e.g. by overlapping inlet and exhaust time (scavenging aspects F02B)
F01L0001420000	for machines or engines characterised by cylinder arrangement, e.g. star or fan
F01L0001440000	Multiple-valve gear or arrangements, not provided for in preceding subgroups, e.g. with lift and different valves
F01L0001460000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
F01L0003000000	Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
F01L0003020000	Selecting particular materials for valve members or valve seats; Valve members or valve seats composed of two or more materials
F01L0003040000	Coated valve members or valve seats
F01L0003060000	Valve members or valve seats with means for guiding or deflecting the medium controlled thereby, e.g. producing a rotary motion of the drawn-in cylinder charge (for rotating lift valves F01L0001320000)
F01L0003080000	Valve guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
F01L0003100000	Connecting springs to valve members
F01L0003120000	Cooling of valves
F01L0003140000	by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
F01L0003160000	by means of a fluid flowing through or along valve, e.g. air (for sealing only F01L0003080000)
F01L0003180000	Liquid cooling of valve
F01L0003200000	Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0003220000	Valve seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve seats
F01L0003240000	Safety means or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0005000000	Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements (with pure rotary or oscillatory movement F01L0007000000)
F01L0005020000	with other than cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves, e.g. with flat-type valves
F01L0005040000	with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves
F01L0005060000	surrounding working cylinder or piston
F01L0005080000	Arrangements with several movements or several valves, e.g. one valve inside the other (with part-annularly-shaped valves F01L0005120000)
F01L0005100000	with reciprocating and other movement of same valve
F01L0005120000	Arrangements with part-annularly-shaped valves
F01L0005140000	characterised by the provision of valves with reciprocating and other movements (surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0005060000)
F01L0005160000	with reciprocating and other movement of same valve, e.g. longitudinally and in cross direction of working cylinder
F01L0005180000	with reciprocatory valve and other slide valve
F01L0005200000	specially for two-stroke engines (F01L0005060000, F01L0005140000 take precedence);;
F01L0005220000	Multiple-valve arrangements (with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0005060000; with reciprocatory and other slide valves F01L0005180000; specially for two-stroke engines F01L0005200000)
F01L0005240000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0007000000	Rotary or oscillatory slide-valve gear or valve arrangements (slide valves with combined rotary and non-rotary movements, combinations of rotary and non-rotary slide valves F01L0005000000)
F01L0007020000	with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves (of disc type F01L0007060000; of conical type F01L0007080000)
F01L0007040000	surrounding working cylinder or piston
F01L0007060000	with disc-type valves
F01L0007080000	with conically- or frusto-conically-shaped valves
F01L0007100000	with valves of other specific shape, e.g. spherical
F01L0007120000	specially for two-stroke engines (F01L0007040000 takes precedence);;
F01L0007140000	Multiple-valve arrangements (with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0007040000; specially for two-stroke engines F01L0007120000)
F01L0007160000	Sealing or packing arrangements specially therefor
F01L0007180000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0009000000	Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
F01L0009020000	by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
F01L0009040000	by electric means
F01L0011000000	Valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod
F01L0011020000	in piston
F01L0011040000	operated by movement of connecting-rod
F01L0011060000	operating oscillatory valve
F01L0013000000	Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
F01L0013020000	for reversing
F01L0013040000	for starting by means of fluid pressure
F01L0013060000	for braking
F01L0013080000	for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio
F01L0015000000	Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. with reciprocatory slide valves, specially for steam engines, or specially for other machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution
F01L0015000000	Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. with reciprocatory slide valves, other than provided for in groups  F01L0017000000-F01L0029000000; (valve drive or external valve-adjustment during operation, see the relevant groups, e.g. F01L0031000000; tripping-gear or tripping of valves F01L0031000000)
F01L0015020000	with valves other than cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped, e.g. flat D-valves
F01L0015040000	main valve being combined with auxiliary valve (of drag-valve type F01L0015100000)
F01L0015060000	of Meyer or Rider type, i.e. in which the expansion is varied at the expansion valve itself
F01L0015080000	with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves; Such main valves combined with auxiliary valves
F01L0015100000	with main slide valve and auxiliary valve dragged thereby
F01L0015120000	characterised by having means for effecting pressure equilibrium between two different cylinder spaces at idling
F01L0015140000	Arrangements with several co-operating main valves, e.g. reciprocatory and rotary
F01L0015160000	with reciprocatory slide valves only
F01L0015180000	Valve arrangements not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0015200000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
F01L0017000000	Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston
F01L0017020000	Drive, or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto, e.g. for reciprocating and oscillating movements or for several valves one inside the other
F01L0019000000	Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements with reciprocatory and other movement of same valve, other than provided for in group ; F01L0017000000, e.g. longitudinally and in cross direction of working cylinder
F01L0019020000	Drive, or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto
F01L0021000000	Use of working pistons or piston-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines
F01L0021020000	Piston or piston-rod used as valve member
F01L0021040000	Valves arranged in or on piston or piston-rod
F01L0023000000	Valves controlled by impact of piston, e.g. in free-piston machines
F01L0025000000	Drive, or adjustment during operation, of distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means
F01L0025020000	by fluid means
F01L0025040000	by working fluid of machine or engine, e.g. free-piston machine
F01L0025060000	Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven
F01L0025080000	by electric or magnetic means
F01L0027000000	Distribution or expansion-valve gear peculiar to free-piston machines or engines and not provided for in groups ; F01L0021000000-F01L0025000000
F01L0027020000	the machine or engine having rotary or oscillatory valves
F01L0027040000	Delayed-action controls, e.g. of cataract- or dash-pot-type
F01L0029000000	Reversing-gear (equally usable for control of degree of working fluid admission, and reversing being of secondary importance F01L0031000000)
F01L0029020000	by displacing eccentric
F01L0029040000	by links or guide rods
F01L0029060000	by interchanging inlet and exhaust ports
F01L0029080000	specially for rotary or oscillatory valves
F01L0029100000	Details, e.g. drive
F01L0029120000	Powered reverse gear
F01L0031000000	Valve drive, valve adjustment during operation, or other valve control, not provided for in groups  F01L0015000000-F01L0029000000; (sensing elements measuring the variable or condition to be controlled or regulated F01B)
F01L0031020000	with tripping-gear (for oscillatory valves F01L0031060000); Tripping of valves
F01L0031040000	with positively-driven trip levers
F01L0031060000	with tripping-gear specially for oscillatory valves; Oscillatory tripping-valves, e.g. of Corliss type
F01L0031080000	Valve drive or valve adjustment, apart from tripping aspects; Positively-driven gear
F01L0031100000	the drive being effected by eccentrics (F01L0031140000 takes precedence);;
F01L0031120000	Valve adjustment by displacing eccentric
F01L0031140000	Valve adjustment by links or guide rods, e.g. in valve-gears with eccentric drive
F01L0031160000	the drive being effected by specific means other than eccentric, e.g. cams; Valve adjustment in connection with such drives
F01L0031180000	specially for rotary or oscillatory valves
F01L0031200000	Valve adjustment
F01L0031220000	specially for lift valves
F01L0031240000	Valve adjustment
F01L0033000000	Rotary or oscillatory slide-valve gear or lift-valve gear or such valve arrangements specially for steam engines or specially for other machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution (drive, adjustment during operation, tripping-gear, reversing-gear, use of working pistons or piston-rods as valves or as valve-supporting elements, valve-gear or valve arrangements peculiar to free-piston machines or engines F01L0015000000-F01L0031000000)
F01L0033000000	Rotary or oscillatory slide-valve gear or valve arrangements
F01L0033020000	rotary
F01L0033040000	oscillatory
F01L0035000000	Lift-valve gear or valve arrangements
F01L0035020000	Valves
F01L0035040000	Arrangements of valves in the machine or engine, e.g. relative to working cylinder
F01M	LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (lubricating in general F16N); LUBRICATING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
F01M0001000000	Pressure lubrication
F01M0001020000	using lubricating pumps (pumps in general F04; lubricating pumps per seF16N)
F01M0001040000	using pressure in working cylinder or crankcase to operate lubricant-feeding devices
F01M0001060000	Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting-rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores (crankshafts, connecting-rods, per seF16C)
F01M0001080000	Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant-jetting means
F01M0001100000	Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters (mounting of, connecting of, or constructional details of lubricant purifying means F01M0011030000)
F01M0001120000	Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups ; F01M0001020000-F01M0001100000
F01M0001140000	Timed lubrication (F01M0001080000 takes precedence);;
F01M0001160000	Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity (rendering machines or engines inoperative or idling on lubricant-pressure failure F01M0001220000)
F01M0001180000	Indicating or safety devices (concerning lubricant level F01M0011060000, F01M0011120000)
F01M0001200000	concerning lubricant pressure (measuring fluid pressure in general G01L)
F01M0001220000	rendering machines or engines inoperative or idling on pressure failure
F01M0001240000	acting on engine fuel system
F01M0001260000	acting on engine ignition system
F01M0001280000	acting on engine combustion-air supply
F01M0003000000	Lubrication specially adapted for engines with crankcase compression of fuel-air mixture, or for other engines in which lubricant is contained in fuel, combustion air, or fuel-air mixture (separating lubricant from air or fuel-air mixture before entry into cylinder F01M0011080000)
F01M0003020000	with variable proportion of lubricant to fuel, lubricant to air, or lubricant to fuel-air mixture
F01M0003040000	for upper cylinder lubrication only
F01M0005000000	Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant (arrangement of lubricant coolers in engine cooling system F01P0011080000); Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
F01M0005020000	Conditioning lubricant for aiding engine starting, e.g. heating
F01M0005040000	Diluting, e.g. with fuel
F01M0007000000	Lubrication means specially adapted for machine or engine running-in
F01M0009000000	Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01M0001000000-F01M0007000000
F01M0009020000	having means for introducing additives to lubricant
F01M0009040000	Use of fuel as lubricant
F01M0009060000	Dip or splash lubrication
F01M0009080000	Drip lubrication
F01M0009100000	Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
F01M0009120000	Non-pressurised lubrication, or non-closed-circuit lubrication, not otherwise provided for
F01M0011000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01M0001000000-F01M0009000000
F01M0011020000	Arrangements of lubricant conduits
F01M0011030000	Mounting or connecting of lubricant purifying means relative to the machine or engine; Details of lubricant purifying means (filters B01D)
F01M0011040000	Filling or draining lubricant of or from machines or engines
F01M0011060000	Means for keeping lubricant level constant or for accommodating movement or position of machines or engines
F01M0011080000	Separating lubricant from air or fuel-air mixture before entry into cylinder (separating in general B01D)
F01M0011100000	Indicating devices; Other safety devices
F01M0011120000	concerning lubricant level (level indicators in general G01F0023000000)
F01M0013000000	Crankcase ventilating or breathing
F01M0013020000	by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure
F01M0013040000	having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
F01M0013060000	specially adapted for submersible engines, e.g. of armoured vehicles
F01N	GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K0013000000; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M0035000000; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K0011160000)
F01N0001000000	Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
F01N0001020000	by using resonance
F01N0001040000	having sound-absorbing materials in resonance chambers
F01N0001060000	by using interference effect
F01N0001080000	by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
F01N0001100000	in combination with sound-absorbing materials
F01N0001120000	using spirally- or helically-shaped channels (F01N0001100000 takes precedence;cyclones B04C)
F01N0001140000	by adding air to exhaust gases
F01N0001160000	by using movable parts
F01N0001180000	having rotary movement
F01N0001200000	having oscillating or vibrating movement (the parts being resilient walls F01N0001220000)
F01N0001220000	the parts being resilient walls
F01N0001240000	by using sound-absorbing materials (F01N0001040000, F01N0001060000, F01N0001100000, F01N0001140000, F01N0001160000 take precedence);;
F01N0003000000	Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust (electric control F01N0009000000; monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N0011000000)
F01N0003010000	by means of electric or electrostatic separators
F01N0003020000	for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust (by means of electric or electrostatic separators F01N0003010000)
F01N0003021000	by means of filters
F01N0003022000	characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
F01N0003023000	using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
F01N0003025000	using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
F01N0003027000	using electric or magnetic heating
F01N0003028000	using microwaves
F01N0003029000	by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
F01N0003031000	having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
F01N0003032000	during filter regeneration only
F01N0003033000	in combination with other devices
F01N0003035000	with catalytic reactors
F01N0003037000	by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. associated with agglomerators
F01N0003038000	by means of perforated plates defining expansion chambers associated with condensation and collection chambers
F01N0003040000	by means of liquids
F01N0003050000	by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air (silencers working by addition of air to exhaust F01N0001140000; arrangements for the supply of additional air for the thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust F01N0003300000)
F01N0003060000	for extinguishing sparks
F01N0003080000	for rendering innocuous (using electric or electrostatic separators F01N0003010000; chemical aspects B01D0053920000)
F01N0003100000	by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N0003180000	characterised by methods of operation; Regulation
F01N0003200000	specially adapted for catalytic conversion (F01N0003220000 takes precedence);;
F01N0003220000	Regulation of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
F01N0003240000	characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus (filtering in combination with catalytic reactors F01N0003035000)
F01N0003260000	Construction of thermal reactors
F01N0003280000	Construction of catalytic reactors
F01N0003300000	Arrangements for supply of additional air (regulation, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives, F01N0003220000)
F01N0003320000	using air pumps (using jet air pumps F01N0003340000; pumps in general F04)
F01N0003340000	using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port
F01N0003360000	Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
F01N0003380000	Arrangements for igniting
F01N0005000000	Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy (using kinetic or wave energy of exhaust gases in exhaust systems for charging F02B; predominant aspects of such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);
F01N0005020000	the devices using heat
F01N0005040000	the devices using kinetic energy
F01N0007000000	Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01N0001000000-F01N0005000000, F01N0009000000, F01N0011000000
F01N0007020000	Apparatus having two or more separate silencers in series
F01N0007040000	Apparatus having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines
F01N0007060000	specially adapted for star-arrangement of cylinders, e.g. exhaust manifolds
F01N0007080000	Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits (pipes in general F16L)
F01N0007100000	of exhaust manifolds
F01N0007120000	specially adapted for submerged exhausting
F01N0007140000	having thermal insulation
F01N0007160000	Selection of particular materials
F01N0007180000	Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
F01N0007200000	Flared outlets, e.g. of fish-tail shape
F01N0009000000	Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus (monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N0011000000; conjoint electrical control of two or more combustion engine functions F02D0043000000)
F01N0011000000	Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01P	COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles B60K0011000000; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K0005000000; heat-exchange in general, radiators F28)
F01P0001000000	Air cooling; Liquid cooling (propelling cooling-air or liquid coolants F01P0005000000; controlling supply or circulation of coolants F01P0007000000; cylinders, pistons, valves, fuel injectors, sparking-plugs, or other engine or machine parts, modified to facilitate cooling, see the relevant classes for such parts);
F01P0001000000	Air cooling
F01P0001020000	Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders
F01P0001040000	Arrangements for cooling pistons
F01P0001060000	Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
F01P0001080000	for cooling intake or exhaust valves
F01P0001100000	for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs
F01P0003000000	Liquid cooling
F01P0003020000	Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
F01P0003040000	Liquid-to-air heat-exchangers combined with, or arranged on, cylinders or cylinder heads
F01P0003060000	Arrangements for cooling pistons
F01P0003080000	Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets
F01P0003100000	Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons
F01P0003120000	Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
F01P0003140000	for cooling intake or exhaust valves
F01P0003160000	for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs
F01P0003180000	Arrangement or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers (such arrangements on cylinders or cylinder heads F01P0003040000; relative to vehicles B60K0011040000)
F01P0003200000	Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine (F01P0003220000 takes precedence);;
F01P0003220000	characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles (other cooling by evaporation F01P0009020000); characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
F01P0005000000	Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants; Controlling circulation or supply of coolants
F01P0005000000	Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants (controlling circulation or supply of coolants by influencing drive of pumps F01P0007000000)
F01P0005020000	Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
F01P0005040000	Pump-driving arrangements
F01P0005060000	Guiding or ducting air to or from ducted fans
F01P0005080000	Use of engine exhaust gases for pumping cooling-air
F01P0005100000	Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
F01P0005120000	Pump-driving arrangements
F01P0005140000	Safety means against, or active at, failure of coolant-pump drives, e.g. shutting engine down; Means for indicating functioning of coolant pumps
F01P0007000000	Controlling of coolant flow
F01P0007020000	the coolant being cooling-air
F01P0007040000	by varying pump speed, e.g. by changing pump-drive gear ratio
F01P0007060000	by varying blade pitch
F01P0007080000	by cutting in or out of pumps
F01P0007100000	by throttling amount of air flowing through liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
F01P0007120000	by thermostatic control
F01P0007140000	the coolant being liquid
F01P0007160000	by thermostatic control
F01P0009000000	Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F01P0001000000-F01P0007000000; (profiting from waste heat of combustion-engine cooling F02G0005000000)
F01P0009020000	Cooling by evaporation, e.g. by spraying water on to cylinders (evaporation and condensation of liquid coolant in closed cycles F01P0003220000)
F01P0009040000	by simultaneous or alternative use of direct air cooling and liquid cooling (F01P0009020000 takes precedence);;
F01P0009060000	by use of refrigerating apparatus, e.g. of compressor or absorber type
F01P0011000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01P0001000000-F01P0009000000
F01P0011020000	Liquid-coolant overflow, venting, or draining devices (automatic draining during freezing conditions F01P0011200000)
F01P0011040000	Arrangements of liquid pipes or hoses
F01P0011060000	Cleaning (in general B08B); Combating corrosion (in general C23F)
F01P0011080000	Arrangements of lubricant coolers (in lubrication apparatus F01M)
F01P0011100000	Guiding or ducting cooling-air to or from liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
F01P0011120000	Filtering, cooling, or silencing cooling-air
F01P0011140000	Indicating devices; Other safety devices
F01P0011160000	concerning coolant temperature (F01P0011200000 takes precedence);;
F01P0011180000	concerning coolant pressure, coolant flow, or liquid-coolant level
F01P0011200000	concerning atmospheric freezing conditions, e.g. automatically draining or heating during frosty weather
F02	COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines F01); HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
F02B	INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (internal-combustion turbines F02C; plants in which engines use combustion products F02C, F02G)
F02B0001000000	Engines characterised by the working fluid to be compressed, or characterised by the type of ignition (with both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or with both positive ignition and compression ignition F02B0011000000; with precombustion chambers F02B0019000000; having air-storage chambers F02B0021000000; with special shape or construction of other combustion chambers F02B0023000000)
F02B0001000000	Engines with fuel-air mixture compression
F02B0001020000	with positive ignition (with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000)
F02B0001040000	with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
F02B0001060000	Methods of operating
F02B0001080000	with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
F02B0001100000	Methods of operating
F02B0001120000	with compression ignition (with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B0007000000)
F02B0001140000	Methods of operating
F02B0003000000	Engines with air compression and subsequent fuel addition
F02B0003020000	with positive ignition (with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000)
F02B0003040000	Methods of operating
F02B0003060000	with compression ignition (F02B0013020000 takes precedence;with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B0007000000)
F02B0003080000	Methods of operating (F02B0003120000 takes precedence);;
F02B0003100000	with intermittent fuel introduction
F02B0003120000	Methods of operating
F02B0005000000	Engines with positive ignition (F02B0001020000, F02B0003020000 take precedence;with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000)
F02B0005020000	Methods of operating
F02B0007000000	Engines with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel (with pre-combustion chambers F02B0019000000)
F02B0007020000	the fuel in the charge being liquid
F02B0007040000	Methods of operating
F02B0007060000	the fuel in the charge being gaseous
F02B0007080000	Methods of operating
F02B0009000000	Engines characterised by other types of ignition
F02B0009020000	with compression ignition (F02B0001120000, F02B0003060000 take precedence);;
F02B0009040000	Methods of operating
F02B0009060000	with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
F02B0009080000	with incandescent chambers
F02B0009100000	Chamber shapes or constructions
F02B0011000000	Engines with both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or with both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
F02B0011020000	convertible from fuel-air mixture compression to air compression or ; vice versa
F02B0013000000	Engines characterised by the method of introducing fuel into cylinders (characterised by use of gaseous or solid fuels F02B0043000000, F02B0045000000; carburettors, fuel-injection apparatus F02M)
F02B0013000000	Engines with introduction of fuel into cylinders by use of auxiliary fluid
F02B0013020000	Compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder
F02B0013040000	Arrangements or adaptations of pumps
F02B0013060000	Engines having secondary air mixed with fuel in pump, compressed therein without ignition, and fuel-air mixture being injected into air in cylinder
F02B0013080000	Arrangements or adaptations of pumps
F02B0013100000	Use of specific auxiliary fluids, e.g. steam, combustion gas
F02B0015000000	Engines characterised by method of introducing fuel into cylinders and not otherwise provided for
F02B0015020000	having means for sucking fuel directly into cylinder
F02B0017000000	Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
F02B0019000000	Engines characterised by having precombustion chambers or air-storage chambers, or characterised by shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation (engines with incandescent chambers F02B0009080000)
F02B0019000000	Engines with precombustion chambers
F02B0019020000	the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
F02B0019040000	the isolation being effected by a protuberance on piston or cylinder head
F02B0019060000	with auxiliary piston in chamber for transferring ignited charge to cylinder space
F02B0019080000	the chamber being of air-swirl type
F02B0019100000	with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder (F02B0019020000-F02B0019080000;  take precedence);;
F02B0019120000	with positive ignition (F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000;  take precedence);;
F02B0019140000	with compression ignition (F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000;  take precedence);;
F02B0019160000	Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to groups ; F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000
F02B0019180000	Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
F02B0021000000	Engines having air-storage chambers
F02B0021020000	Chamber shapes or constructions
F02B0023000000	Other engines having special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
F02B0023020000	with compression ignition
F02B0023040000	the combustion space being subdivided into two or more chambers (with pre-combustion chambers F02B0019000000)
F02B0023060000	the combustion space being arranged in working piston (F02B0023040000 takes precedence);;
F02B0023080000	with positive ignition
F02B0023100000	with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
F02B0025000000	Engines characterised by provisions for charging or scavenging (aspects concerned with driven charging or scavenging pumps F02B0033000000-F02B0039000000)
F02B0025000000	Engines using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
F02B0025020000	using unidirectional scavenging
F02B0025040000	Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
F02B0025060000	the cylinder-head ports being controlled by working pistons, e.g. by sleeve-shaped extensions thereof
F02B0025080000	Engines with oppositely-moving reciprocating working pistons
F02B0025100000	with one piston having a smaller diameter or shorter stroke than the other
F02B0025120000	Engines with U-shaped cylinders, having ports in each arm
F02B0025140000	using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both inlet and outlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
F02B0025160000	the charge flowing upward essentially along cylinder wall opposite the inlet ports
F02B0025180000	the charge flowing upward essentially along cylinder wall adjacent the inlet ports, e.g. by means of deflection rib on piston
F02B0025200000	Means for reducing the mixing of charge and combustion residues or for preventing escape of fresh charge through outlet ports, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02B0025020000-F02B0025180000
F02B0025220000	by forming air cushion between charge and combustion residues
F02B0025240000	Inlet or outlet openings being timed asymmetrically relative to bottom dead-centre
F02B0025260000	Multi-cylinder engines other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F02B0025020000-F02B0025240000; (internal-combustion aspects of rotary engines with movable cylinders F02B0057000000)
F02B0025280000	with V-, fan-, or star-arrangement of cylinders
F02B0027000000	Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues (use of driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge F02B0033420000)
F02B0027020000	the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means (in exhaust systems only F02B0027060000)
F02B0027040000	in exhaust systems only, e.g. for sucking-off combustion gases
F02B0027060000	the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
F02B0029000000	Engines characterised by other provisions for charging or scavenging; Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02B0025000000 and F02B0027000000
F02B0029020000	Other fluid-dynamic features of induction systems for improving quantity of charge (for also imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder F02B0031000000; structural features of induction systems F02M)
F02B0029040000	Cooling of air intake supply
F02B0029060000	After-charging, i.e. supplementary charging after scavenging
F02B0029080000	Modifying distribution valve timing for charging purposes (F02B0029060000 takes precedence;valve-gear therefor F01L)
F02B0031000000	Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder (structural features of induction systems F02M)
F02B0031020000	in engines having inlet valves arranged eccentrically to cylinder axis (F02B0031080000 takes precedence);;
F02B0031040000	by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors
F02B0031060000	Movable means, e.g. butterfly valves
F02B0031080000	having multiple air inlets
F02B0033000000	Engines characterised by provision of driven charging or scavenging pumps (introducing fuel into cylinders by air pressure F02B0013000000; after-charging F02B0029060000; arrangements of such pumps or other auxiliary apparatus on engines F02B0067000000; combined engine and pump control, control dependent on variables other than those generic to pump F02D)
F02B0033000000	Engines with pumps for charging or scavenging (with pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders F02B0035000000; with exhaust-driven pumps F02B0037000000)
F02B0033020000	Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
F02B0033040000	with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
F02B0033060000	with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
F02B0033080000	with the working-cylinder head arranged between working and pumping cylinders
F02B0033100000	with the pumping cylinder situated between working cylinder and crankcase, or with the pumping cylinder surrounding working cylinder
F02B0033120000	the rear face of working piston acting as pumping member and co-operating with a pumping chamber isolated from crankcase, the connecting-rod passing through the chamber and co-operating with movable isolating member
F02B0033140000	working and pumping pistons forming stepped piston
F02B0033160000	working and pumping pistons having differing movements
F02B0033180000	with crankshaft being arranged between working and pumping cylinders
F02B0033200000	with pumping-cylinder axis arranged at an angle to working-cylinder axis, e.g. at an angle of 90
F02B0033220000	with pumping cylinder situated at side of working cylinder, e.g. the cylinders being parallel
F02B0033240000	with crankcase pumps other than with reciprocating pistons only
F02B0033260000	Four-stroke engines characterised by having crankcase pumps
F02B0033280000	Component parts, details, or accessories of crankcase pumps not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02B0033020000-F02B0033260000
F02B0033300000	Control of inlet or outlet ports (controlling only working-cylinder inlets F01L)
F02B0033320000	Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type (with crankcase pumps F02B0033020000)
F02B0033340000	with rotary pumps (with cell-type pressure exchangers or the like F02B0033420000)
F02B0033360000	of positive-displacement type
F02B0033380000	of Roots type
F02B0033400000	of non-positive-displacement type
F02B0033420000	with driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge, e.g. with cell-type pressure exchangers (pressure exchangers per seF04F0011020000)
F02B0033440000	Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs (cooling of charge after leaving pump F02B0029040000)
F02B0035000000	Engines with pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders
F02B0035020000	using rotary pumps
F02B0037000000	Engines with pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust (passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet F02B0033440000)
F02B0037007000	with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in parallel
F02B0037013000	with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
F02B0037020000	Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs
F02B0037040000	Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
F02B0037100000	at least one pump being alternately driven by exhaust and other drive
F02B0037110000	driven by other drive at starting only
F02B0037120000	Control of the pumps
F02B0037140000	of the alternation between exhaust drive and other drive of a pump, e.g. dependent on speed
F02B0037160000	by bypassing charging air
F02B0037180000	by bypassing exhaust
F02B0037200000	by increasing exhaust energy, e.g. using combustion chambers
F02B0037220000	by varying the cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages
F02B0037240000	by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
F02B0039000000	Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, but not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F02B0033000000-F02B0037000000; (pumps in general F04; machine elements in general F16)
F02B0039020000	Drives of pumps (exhaust drives or combined exhaust and other drives F02B0037000000); Varying pump drive gear ratio (control acting both on engine and on pump drive gear ratio F02D)
F02B0039040000	Mechanical drives; Variable-gear-ratio drives (non-mechanical pump drives having variable gear ratio F02B0039080000)
F02B0039060000	the engine torque being divided by a differential gear for driving a pump and the engine output shaft
F02B0039080000	Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
F02B0039100000	electric
F02B0039120000	Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein (using fluid slip couplings for varying gear ratio F02B0039080000)
F02B0039140000	Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
F02B0039160000	Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
F02B0041000000	Engines with special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
F02B0041020000	Engines with prolonged expansion
F02B0041040000	in main cylinders
F02B0041060000	in compound cylinders
F02B0041080000	Two-stroke compound engines
F02B0041100000	using exhaust turbines (use of exhaust turbines for charging F02B0037000000; turbine constructions F01D; gas-turbine plants F02C)
F02B0043000000	Engines operating on non-liquid fuels; Plants including such engines, i.e. combinations of the engine with fuel-generating apparatus (engines having gas-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B0007060000; engines convertible from gas to other fuel consumption F02B0069040000; apparatus for generating fuel, e.g. gas, see the relevant classes, e.g. C10)
F02B0043000000	Engines operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
F02B0043020000	Engines characterised by means for increasing operating efficiency
F02B0043040000	for improving efficiency of combustion
F02B0043060000	for enlarging charge
F02B0043080000	Plants characterised by the engines using gaseous fuel generated in the plant from solid fuel, e.g. wood
F02B0043100000	Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
F02B0043120000	Methods of operating
F02B0045000000	Engines operating on other non-liquid fuels; Plants including such engines (plants involving generation of gaseous fuel from solid fuel F02B0043080000)
F02B0045020000	operating on powdered fuel, e.g. powdered coal (operating on fuel containing oxidant F02B0045060000)
F02B0045040000	Plants, e.g. having coal-grinding apparatus
F02B0045060000	operating on fuel containing oxidant
F02B0045080000	operating on other solid fuels
F02B0045100000	operating on mixtures of liquid and non-liquid fuels, e.g. in pasty or foamed state
F02B0047000000	Methods of operating engines involving specific pre-treating of, or adding specific substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines, and not otherwise provided for (apparatus for performing such pretreatments or additions F02M)
F02B0047000000	Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
F02B0047020000	the substances being water or steam
F02B0047040000	the substances being other than water or steam only
F02B0047060000	the substances including non-airborne oxygen (F02B0047100000 takes precedence);;
F02B0047080000	the substances including exhaust gas
F02B0047100000	Circulation of exhaust gas in closed or semi-closed circuits, e.g. with simultaneous addition of oxygen
F02B0049000000	Methods of operating air-compressing compression-ignition engines involving introduction of small quantities of fuel in the form of a fine mist into the air in the engine's intake
F02B0051000000	Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
F02B0051020000	involving catalysts
F02B0051040000	involving electricity or magnetism
F02B0051060000	involving rays or sound waves
F02B0053000000	Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
F02B0053000000	Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines (internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons or outer members for co-operation therewith F02B0055000000)
F02B0053020000	Methods of operating
F02B0053040000	Charge admission or combustion-gas discharge
F02B0053060000	Valve control therefor
F02B0053080000	Charging, e.g. by means of rotary-piston pump
F02B0053100000	Fuel supply; Introducing fuel to combustion space
F02B0053120000	Ignition
F02B0053140000	Adaptations of engines for driving, or engine combinations with, other devices (aspects predominantly concerning such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);;
F02B0055000000	Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons
F02B0055020000	Pistons
F02B0055040000	Cooling thereof
F02B0055060000	by air or other gas
F02B0055080000	Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
F02B0055100000	Cooling thereof
F02B0055120000	by air or other gas
F02B0055140000	Shapes or constructions of combustion chambers
F02B0055160000	Admission or exhaust passages in pistons or outer members
F02B0057000000	Internal-combustion aspects of reciprocating-piston engines with movable cylinders
F02B0057000000	Internal-combustion aspects of rotary engines in which the combusted gases displace one or more reciprocating pistons
F02B0057020000	Fuel or combustion-air supply (cylinder-charge admission or exhaust control F02B0057040000)
F02B0057040000	Control of cylinder-charge admission or exhaust (peculiar to two-stroke engines or to other engines with working-piston-controlled charge admission or exhaust F02B0057060000)
F02B0057060000	Two-stroke engines or other engines with working-piston-controlled cylinder-charge admission or exhaust (with combustion space in centre of star F02B0057100000)
F02B0057080000	Engines with star-shaped cylinder arrangements
F02B0057100000	with combustion space in centre of star
F02B0059000000	Internal-combustion aspects of other reciprocating-piston engines with movable, e.g. oscillating, cylinders (with yieldable walls F02B0075380000)
F02B0061000000	Adaptations of engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices other than engine parts or auxiliaries (of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B0053140000; aspects predominantly concerning such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);
F02B0061000000	Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing (the engine torque being divided by a differential gear for driving a scavenging or charging pump and the engine output shaft F02B0039060000; arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant classes for vehicles);
F02B0061020000	for driving cycles
F02B0061040000	for driving propellers
F02B0061060000	Combinations of engines with mechanical gearing (F02B0061020000, F02B0061040000 take precedence);;
F02B0063000000	Adaptations of engines for driving hand-held tools, electric generators, or pumps; Portable combinations with engine-driven devices
F02B0063020000	for hand-held tools
F02B0063040000	for electric generators
F02B0063060000	for pumps
F02B0065000000	Adaptations of engines for other special use; Combinations of engines with other devices, e.g. with non-driven apparatus (combinations of prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines for mutual or common propulsion B60K0006200000)
F02B0067000000	Engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, preceding main groups
F02B0067000000	Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
F02B0067040000	of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
F02B0067060000	driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
F02B0067080000	of non-mechanically driven auxiliary apparatus
F02B0067100000	of charging or scavenging apparatus
F02B0069000000	Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in group ; F02B0011000000; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
F02B0069020000	for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
F02B0069040000	for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
F02B0069060000	for different cycles, e.g. convertible from two-stroke to four-stroke
F02B0071000000	Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
F02B0071020000	Starting
F02B0071040000	Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);;
F02B0071060000	Free-piston combustion gas generators
F02B0073000000	Combinations of two or more engines, not otherwise provided for
F02B0075000000	Other engines, e.g. single-cylinder engines
F02B0075020000	Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
F02B0075040000	Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
F02B0075060000	Engines with means for equalising torque (compensations of inertial forces, suppression of vibration in systems F16F)
F02B0075080000	Engines with means for preventing corrosion in gas-swept spaces
F02B0075100000	Engines with means for rendering exhaust gases innocuous (apparatus for rendering exhaust gases innocuous per seF01N0003080000)
F02B0075120000	Other methods of operation
F02B0075160000	Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines (F02B0075260000 takes precedence);;
F02B0075180000	Multi-cylinder engines (scavenging aspects F02B0025000000)
F02B0075200000	with cylinders all in one line
F02B0075220000	with cylinders in V-, fan-, or star-arrangement
F02B0075240000	with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
F02B0075260000	Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
F02B0075280000	Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders (arranged oppositely relative to main shaft F02B0075240000)
F02B0075300000	with one working piston sliding inside another
F02B0075320000	Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
F02B0075340000	Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models
F02B0075360000	Engines with parts of combustion- or working-chamber walls resiliently yielding under pressure
F02B0075380000	Reciprocating-piston engines (F02B0075040000 takes precedence;with resiliently-urged auxiliary piston in pre-combustion chamber F02B0019060000)
F02B0075400000	Other reciprocating-piston engines
F02B0077000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
F02B0077020000	Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts (of pistons or cylinders only F02F)
F02B0077040000	Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
F02B0077080000	Safety, indicating, or supervising devices (thermal insulation F02B0077110000; monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N0011000000)
F02B0077100000	Safety means relating to crankcase explosions
F02B0077110000	Thermal or acoustic insulation
F02B0077130000	Acoustic insulation
F02B0077140000	Engine-driven auxiliary devices combined into units
F02B0079000000	Running-in of internal-combustion engines (lubrication thereof F01M)
F02C	GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C0010000000; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B0011000000; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes);
F02C0001000000	Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid (by the use of combustion products F02C0003000000, F02C0005000000)
F02C0001020000	the working fluid being an unheated pressurised gas
F02C0001040000	the working fluid being heated indirectly
F02C0001050000	characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
F02C0001060000	using reheated exhaust gas (F02C0001080000 takes precedence);;
F02C0001080000	Semi-closed cycles
F02C0001100000	Closed cycles
F02C0003000000	Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid (generated by intermittent combustion F02C0005000000)
F02C0003020000	using exhaust-gas pressure in a pressure exchanger to compress combustion-air (pressure exchangers per seF04F0011020000)
F02C0003040000	having a turbine driving a compressor (power transmission arrangements F02C0007360000; control of working fluid flow F02C0009160000)
F02C0003045000	having compressor and turbine passages in a single rotor (F02C0003073000 takes precedence);;
F02C0003050000	the compressor and the turbine being of the radial flow type
F02C0003055000	the compressor being of the positive-displacement type
F02C0003060000	the compressor comprising only axial stages (F02C0003100000 takes precedence);;
F02C0003067000	having counter-rotating rotors (F02C0003073000 takes precedence);;
F02C0003073000	the compressor and turbine stages being concentric
F02C0003080000	the compressor comprising at least one radial stage (F02C0003100000 takes precedence);;
F02C0003090000	of the centripetal type
F02C0003100000	with another turbine driving an output shaft but not driving the compressor
F02C0003107000	with two or more rotors connected by power transmission
F02C0003113000	with variable power transmission between rotors
F02C0003130000	having variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or stages of different rotors
F02C0003140000	characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant (combustion chambers per seF23R)
F02C0003160000	the combustion chambers being formed at least partly in the turbine rotor
F02C0003200000	using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
F02C0003220000	the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (F02C0003280000 takes precedence);;
F02C0003240000	the fuel or oxidant being liquid at standard temperature and pressure
F02C0003260000	the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
F02C0003280000	using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
F02C0003300000	Adding water, steam or other fluids to the combustible ingredients or to the working fluid before discharge from the turbine (heating of air intakes to prevent icing F02C0007047000)
F02C0003320000	Inducing air flow by fluid jet, e.g. ejector action
F02C0003340000	with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
F02C0003360000	Open cycles
F02C0005000000	Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion
F02C0005020000	characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant (combustion chambers per seF23R)
F02C0005040000	the combustion chambers being formed at least partly in the turbine rotor
F02C0005060000	the working fluid being generated in an internal-combustion gas generator of the positive-displacement type having essentially no mechanical power output (internal-combustion engines with prolonged expansion using exhaust gas turbines F02B)
F02C0005080000	the gas generator being of the free-piston type
F02C0005100000	the working fluid forming a resonating or oscillating gas column, i.e. the combustion chambers having no positively actuated valves, e.g. using Helmholtz effect
F02C0005110000	using valveless combustion chambers
F02C0005120000	the combustion chambers having inlet or outlet valves, e.g. Holzwarth gas-turbine plants
F02C0006000000	Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus (aspects predominantly concerning such apparatus, see the relevant classes for the apparatus);;Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
F02C0006020000	Plural gas-turbine plants having a common power output
F02C0006040000	Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output (F02C0006180000 takes precedence);;
F02C0006060000	providing compressed gas (F02C0006100000 takes precedence);;
F02C0006080000	the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
F02C0006100000	supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
F02C0006120000	Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
F02C0006140000	Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
F02C0006160000	for storing compressed air
F02C0006180000	using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants (using waste heat as source of energy for refrigeration plants F25B0027020000)
F02C0006200000	Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for driving vehicles
F02C0007000000	Features, component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02C0001000000-F02C0006000000; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants (controlling F02C0009000000)
F02C0007040000	Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
F02C0007042000	having variable geometry
F02C0007045000	having provisions for noise suppression
F02C0007047000	Heating to prevent icing
F02C0007050000	having provisions for obviating the penetration of damaging objects or particles
F02C0007052000	with dust-separation devices
F02C0007055000	with intake grids, screens or guards
F02C0007057000	Control or regulation (conjointly with fuel supply control F02C0009500000, with nozzle area control F02K0001160000)
F02C0007060000	Arrangement of bearings (bearings F16C); Lubricating (of engines in general F01M)
F02C0007080000	Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
F02C0007100000	by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
F02C0007105000	of the rotary type (rotary heat exchangers per seF28D)
F02C0007120000	Cooling of plants (of component parts, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. F01D; cooling of engines in general F01P)
F02C0007140000	of fluids in the plant
F02C0007141000	of working fluid (F02C0003300000 takes precedence);;
F02C0007143000	before or between the compressor stages
F02C0007160000	characterised by cooling medium
F02C0007180000	the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
F02C0007200000	Mounting or supporting of plant; Accommodating heat expansion or creep
F02C0007220000	Fuel supply systems
F02C0007224000	Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
F02C0007228000	Dividing fuel between various burners
F02C0007232000	Fuel valves; Draining valves or systems (valves in general F16K)
F02C0007236000	Fuel delivery systems comprising two or more pumps
F02C0007240000	Heat or noise insulation (air intakes having provisions for noise suppression F02C0007045000; turbine exhaust heads, chambers, or the like F01D0025300000; silencing nozzles of jet-propulsion plants F02K0001000000)
F02C0007250000	Fire protection or prevention (in general A62)
F02C0007260000	Starting; Ignition
F02C0007262000	Restarting after flame-out
F02C0007264000	Ignition
F02C0007266000	Electric (sparking plugs H01T)
F02C0007268000	Starting drives for the rotor
F02C0007270000	Fluid drives (turbine starters F02C0007277000)
F02C0007272000	generated by cartridges
F02C0007275000	Mechanical drives
F02C0007277000	the starter being a turbine
F02C0007280000	Arrangement of seals
F02C0007300000	Preventing corrosion in gas-swept spaces
F02C0007320000	Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
F02C0007360000	Power transmission between the different shafts of the gas-turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user (F02C0007320000 takes precedence;couplings for transmitting rotation F16D; gearing in general F16H)
F02C0009000000	Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air-breathing jet-propulsion plants (controlling air intakes F02C0007057000; controlling turbines F01D; controlling compressors F04D0027000000)
F02C0009160000	Control of working fluid flow (F02C0009480000 takes precedence;control of air-intake flow F02C0007057000)
F02C0009180000	by bleeding, by-passing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
F02C0009200000	by throttling; by adjusting vanes
F02C0009220000	by adjusting turbine vanes
F02C0009240000	Control of the pressure level in closed cycles
F02C0009260000	Control of fuel supply (F02C0009480000 takes precedence;fuel valves F02C0007232000)
F02C0009280000	Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed (F02C0009300000-F02C0009380000, F02C0009440000 take precedence);;
F02C0009300000	characterised by variable fuel pump output
F02C0009320000	characterised by throttling of fuel (F02C0009380000 takes precedence);;
F02C0009340000	Joint control of separate flows to main and auxiliary burners
F02C0009360000	characterised by returning of fuel to sump (F02C0009380000 takes precedence);;
F02C0009380000	characterised by throttling and returning of fuel to sump
F02C0009400000	specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
F02C0009420000	specially adapted for the control of two or more plants simultaneously
F02C0009440000	responsive to the speed of aircraft, e.g. Mach number control, optimisation of fuel consumption
F02C0009460000	Emergency fuel control
F02C0009480000	Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant (with nozzle section control F02K0001170000)
F02C0009500000	with control of working fluid flow
F02C0009520000	by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
F02C0009540000	by throttling the working fluid, by adjusting vanes
F02C0009560000	with power transmission control
F02C0009580000	with control of a variable-pitch propeller
F02D	CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K0031000000; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W; cyclically operating valves for combustion engines F01L; controlling combustion engine lubrication F01M; cooling internal-combustion engines F01P; supplying combustion engines with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof, e.g. carburettors, injection pumps, F02M; starting of combustion engines F02N; controlling of ignition F02P; controlling gas-turbine plants, jet-propulsion plants, or combustion-product engine plants, see the relevant subclasses for these plants);
F02D0001000000	Controlling, e.g. regulating, fuel injection (peculiar to engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures F02D0019000000; peculiar to supercharged engines F02D0023000000; automatic controllers for prime movers, in general G05D)
F02D0001000000	Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high-pressure injection type (F02D0003000000 takes precedence);;
F02D0001020000	not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
F02D0001040000	by mechanical means dependent on engine speed, e.g. using centrifugal governors (F02D0001080000 takes precedence);;
F02D0001060000	by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid (F02D0001080000 takes precedence);;
F02D0001080000	Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance
F02D0001100000	mechanical
F02D0001120000	non-mechanical, e.g. hydraulic
F02D0001140000	pneumatic
F02D0001160000	Adjustment of injection timing (F02D0001020000 takes precedence);;
F02D0001180000	with non-mechanical means for transmitting control impulse; with amplification of control impulse
F02D0003000000	Controlling low-pressure fuel injection, i.e. where the air-fuel mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed by the compression stroke of the engine, by means other than controlling only an injection pump (carburettors F02M)
F02D0003020000	with continuous injection or continuous flow upstream of the injection nozzle
F02D0003040000	Controlling fuel injection and carburation, e.g. of alternative systems
F02D0007000000	Other non-electrical fuel injection control
F02D0007020000	Controlling fuel injection where fuel is injected by compressed air
F02D0009000000	Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
F02D0009020000	concerning induction conduits (throttle valves, or arrangements thereof in conduits F02D0009080000)
F02D0009040000	concerning exhaust conduits (throttle valves, or arrangements thereof in conduits F02D0009080000)
F02D0009060000	Exhaust brakes
F02D0009080000	Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits (throttle valves modified for use in, or arranged in, carburettors F02M; throttle valves in general F16K)
F02D0009100000	having pivotally-mounted flaps
F02D0009120000	having slidably-mounted valve-members; having valve-members movable longitudinally of conduit
F02D0009140000	the members being slidable transversely of conduit
F02D0009160000	the members being rotatable
F02D0009180000	having elastic-wall valve-members
F02D0011000000	Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated (specially for reversing F02D0027000000; arrangement or mounting of prime-mover control devices in vehicles B60K0026000000)
F02D0011020000	characterised by hand, foot, or like operator controlled initiation means
F02D0011040000	characterised by mechanical control linkages (with power drive or assistance F02D0011060000)
F02D0011060000	characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
F02D0011080000	of the pneumatic type
F02D0011100000	of the electric type
F02D0013000000	Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing (modifying valve gear F01L)
F02D0013020000	during engine operation
F02D0013040000	using engine as brake
F02D0013060000	Cutting-out cylinders
F02D0013080000	for rendering engine inoperative or idling
F02D0015000000	Varying compression ratio (modifying valve-gear F01L)
F02D0015020000	by alteration or displacement of piston stroke
F02D0015040000	by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
F02D0017000000	Controlling engines by cutting-out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling (controlling or rendering inoperative by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics F02D0013000000)
F02D0017020000	Cutting-out (cutting-out engines in multiple-engine arrangements F02D0025040000)
F02D0017040000	rendering engines inoperative or idling, e.g. caused by abnormal conditions (dependent on lubricating conditions F01M0001220000; dependent on cooling F01P0005140000)
F02D0019000000	Controlling peculiar to specified types or adaptations of engines
F02D0019000000	Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures (the non-fuel substances being gaseous F02D0021000000)
F02D0019020000	peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for mixing gas and air F02M)
F02D0019040000	peculiar to engines working with solid fuels, e.g. pulverised coal
F02D0019060000	peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
F02D0019080000	simultaneously using pluralities of fuels (F02D0019120000 takes precedence);;
F02D0019100000	peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
F02D0019120000	peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for delivering such substances or agents F02M)
F02D0021000000	Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
F02D0021020000	peculiar to oxygen-fed engines
F02D0021040000	with circulation of exhaust gases in closed or semi-closed circuits
F02D0021060000	peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion-air
F02D0021080000	the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine (circulation of exhaust gas in oxygen-fed engines F02D0021040000)
F02D0021100000	having secondary air added to fuel-air mixture (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for delivering secondary air F02M)
F02D0023000000	Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
F02D0023020000	the engines being of fuel-injection type
F02D0025000000	Controlling two or more co-operating engines
F02D0025020000	to synchronise speed
F02D0025040000	by cutting-out engines
F02D0027000000	Controlling engines characterised by their being reversible
F02D0027020000	by performing a programme
F02D0028000000	Programme-control of engines (programme-control specific to a type or purpose covered by one of the groups of this subclass, except groups F02D0029000000, F02D0039000000, or by one group of another subclass, e.g. of F01L, see that group);;
F02D0029000000	Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
F02D0029020000	peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable-pitch propellers
F02D0029040000	peculiar to engines driving pumps
F02D0029060000	peculiar to engines driving electric generators
F02D0031000000	Other non-electrical control of engines
F02D0031000000	Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
F02D0033000000	Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
F02D0033020000	of combustion-air
F02D0035000000	Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
F02D0035020000	on interior conditions
F02D0037000000	Controlling conjointly two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
F02D0037020000	one of the functions being ignition (ignition control per seF02P)
F02D0039000000	Other non-electrical control
F02D0039020000	for four-stroke engines
F02D0039040000	for engines with other cycles than four-stroke, e.g. two-stroke
F02D0039060000	for engines adding the fuel substantially at end of compression stroke
F02D0039080000	for engines adding the fuel substantially before compression stroke
F02D0039100000	for free-piston engines; for engines without rotary main shaft
F02D0041000000	Electrical control of combustion engines
F02D0041000000	Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents (F02D0043000000 takes precedence);;
F02D0041020000	Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
F02D0041040000	Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions (F02D0041140000 takes precedence);;
F02D0041060000	for engine starting or warming up
F02D0041080000	for idling (F02D0041060000, F02D0041160000 take precedence);;
F02D0041100000	for acceleration
F02D0041120000	for deceleration
F02D0041140000	Introducing closed-loop corrections
F02D0041160000	for idling
F02D0041180000	by measuring intake air flow (measuring flow, in general G01F)
F02D0041200000	Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils (current control in inductive loads in general H03K0017640000)
F02D0041220000	Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
F02D0041240000	characterised by the use of digital means
F02D0041260000	using computer, e.g. microprocessor
F02D0041280000	Interface circuits
F02D0041300000	Controlling fuel injection
F02D0041320000	of the low pressure type
F02D0041340000	with means for controlling injection timing or duration (ignition timing F02P0005000000)
F02D0041360000	with means for controlling distribution (arrangement of ignition distributors F02P0007000000)
F02D0041380000	of the high pressure type
F02D0041400000	with means for controlling injection timing or duration
F02D0043000000	Conjoint electrical control of two or more functions, e.g. ignition, fuel-air mixture, recirculation, supercharging, exhaust-gas treatment (electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus per seF01N0009000000)
F02D0043020000	using only analogue means
F02D0043040000	using only digital means
F02D0045000000	Electrical control not provided for in groups  F02D0041000000-F02D0043000000; (electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus F01N0009000000; electrical control of one of the functions: ignition, lubricating, cooling, starting, intake-heating, see the relevant subclasses for such functions);
F02F	CYLINDERS, PISTONS, OR CASINGS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston internal-combustion engines F02B; specially adapted for gas-turbine plants F02C; specially adapted for jet-propulsion plants F02K)
F02F0001000000	Cylinders; Cylinder heads (in general F16J)
F02F0001020000	having cooling means (cylinder heads F02F0001260000)
F02F0001040000	for air cooling
F02F0001060000	Shape or arrangement of cooling fins; Finned cylinders
F02F0001080000	running-liner and cooling-part of cylinder being different parts or of different material
F02F0001100000	for liquid cooling
F02F0001120000	Preventing corrosion of liquid-swept surfaces
F02F0001140000	Cylinders with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream
F02F0001160000	Cylinder liners of wet type
F02F0001180000	Other cylinders
F02F0001200000	characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
F02F0001220000	characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
F02F0001240000	Cylinder heads
F02F0001260000	having cooling means
F02F0001280000	for air cooling
F02F0001300000	Finned cylinder heads
F02F0001320000	the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type
F02F0001340000	with means for directing or distributing cooling medium (F02F0001320000 takes precedence);;
F02F0001360000	for liquid cooling
F02F0001380000	the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type
F02F0001400000	cylinder heads with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream (F02F0001380000 takes precedence);;
F02F0001420000	Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
F02F0003000000	Pistons (in general F16J)
F02F0003020000	having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
F02F0003040000	having expansion-controlling inserts
F02F0003060000	the inserts having bimetallic effect
F02F0003080000	the inserts being ring-shaped
F02F0003100000	having surface coverings (F02F0003020000 takes precedence);;
F02F0003120000	on piston heads
F02F0003140000	within combustion chambers
F02F0003160000	having cooling means
F02F0003180000	the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
F02F0003200000	the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
F02F0003220000	the fluid being liquid
F02F0003240000	having means for guiding gases in cylinders, e.g. for guiding scavenging charge in two-stroke engines
F02F0003260000	having combustion chamber in piston head (the surface thereof being covered F02F0003140000)
F02F0003280000	Other pistons with specially-shaped head
F02F0005000000	Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
F02F0007000000	Casings, e.g. crankcases (engine casings in general F16M)
F02F0011000000	Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines (piston rings F02F0005000000; sealings per seF16J)
F02G	HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS (steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid F01K; gas-turbine plants F02C; jet-propulsion plants F02K); USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
F02G0001000000	Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants (positive-displacement engine plants characterised by the working gas being generated by combustion in the plant F02G0003000000)
F02G0001020000	of open-cycle type
F02G0001040000	of closed-cycle type
F02G0001043000	the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
F02G0001044000	having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
F02G0001045000	Controlling
F02G0001047000	by varying the heating or cooling
F02G0001050000	by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas
F02G0001053000	Component parts or details
F02G0001055000	Heaters or coolers
F02G0001057000	Regenerators
F02G0001060000	Controlling
F02G0003000000	Positive-displacement engine plants characterised by the working gas being generated by combustion in the plant
F02G0003020000	with reciprocating-piston engines
F02G0005000000	Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
F02G0005020000	Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
F02G0005040000	in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
F02K	JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in land vehicles or vehicles in general B60K; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in waterborne vessels B63H; controlling aircraft attitude, flight direction, or altitude by jet reaction B64C; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in aircraft B64D; plants characterised by the power of the working fluid being divided between jet propulsion and another form of propulsion, e.g. propeller, F02B, F02C; features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants, air intakes or fuel supply control of air-breathing jet-propulsion plants F02C)
F02K0001000000	Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto (rocket nozzles F02K0009970000)
F02K0001040000	Mounting of an exhaust cone in the jet pipe
F02K0001060000	Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle (F02K0001300000 takes precedence);;
F02K0001080000	by axially moving or transversely deforming an internal member, e.g. the exhaust cone
F02K0001090000	by axially moving an external member, e.g. a shroud (F02K0001120000 takes precedence);;
F02K0001100000	by distorting the jet pipe or nozzle
F02K0001110000	by means of pivoted eyelids
F02K0001120000	by means of pivoted flaps
F02K0001150000	Control or regulation
F02K0001160000	conjointly with another control
F02K0001170000	with control of fuel supply
F02K0001180000	automatic
F02K0001280000	using fluid jets to influence the jet flow
F02K0001300000	for varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
F02K0001320000	for reversing thrust
F02K0001340000	for attenuating noise
F02K0001360000	having an ejector
F02K0001380000	Introducing air inside the jet (F02K0001280000 takes precedence);;
F02K0001400000	Nozzles having means for dividing the jet into a plurality of partial jets or having an elongated cross-section outlet
F02K0001420000	the means being movable into an inoperative position
F02K0001440000	Nozzles having means, e.g. a shield, reducing sound radiation in a specified direction (F02K0001400000 takes precedence);;
F02K0001460000	Nozzles having means for adding air to the jet or for augmenting the mixing region between the jet and the ambient air, e.g. for silencing (F02K0001280000, F02K0001360000, F02K0001380000 take precedence);;
F02K0001480000	Corrugated nozzles
F02K0001500000	Deflecting outwardly a portion of the jet by retractable scoop-like baffles
F02K0001520000	Nozzles specially constructed for positioning adjacent to another nozzle or to a fixed member, e.g. fairing
F02K0001540000	Nozzles having means for reversing jet thrust (F02K0001320000 takes precedence);;
F02K0001560000	Reversing jet main flow
F02K0001580000	Reversers mounted on the inner cone or the nozzle housing
F02K0001600000	by blocking the rearward discharge by means of pivoted eyelids or clamshells, e.g. target-type reversers
F02K0001620000	by blocking the rearward discharge by means of flaps
F02K0001640000	Reversing fan flow
F02K0001660000	using reversing fan blades
F02K0001680000	Reversers mounted on the engine housing downstream of the fan exhaust section
F02K0001700000	using thrust reverser flaps or doors mounted on the fan housing
F02K0001720000	the aft end of the fan housing being movable to uncover openings in the fan housing for the reversed flow
F02K0001740000	Reversing at least one flow in relation to at least one other flow in a plural-flow engine
F02K0001760000	Control or regulation of thrust reversers
F02K0001780000	Other construction of jet pipes
F02K0001800000	Couplings or connections
F02K0001820000	Jet pipe walls, e.g. liners
F02K0003000000	Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
F02K0003020000	in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
F02K0003040000	the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low-pressure outputs, for augmenting jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
F02K0003060000	with front fan
F02K0003062000	with aft fan
F02K0003065000	with front and aft fans
F02K0003068000	being characterised by a short axial length relative to diameter
F02K0003072000	with counter-rotating rotors
F02K0003075000	controlling flow ratio between flows
F02K0003077000	the plant being of the multiple flow type, i.e. having three or more flows
F02K0003080000	with supplementary heating of the working fluid (after-burners, combustion chambers F23R); Control thereof (control of fuel supply therefor F02C0009260000)
F02K0003100000	by after-burners (F02K0003105000 takes precedence);;
F02K0003105000	Heating the by-pass flow
F02K0003110000	by means of burners or combustion chambers
F02K0003115000	by means of indirect heat exchange
F02K0003120000	characterised by having more than one gas turbine
F02K0005000000	Plants including an engine, other than a gas turbine, driving a compressor or a ducted fan
F02K0005020000	the engine being of the reciprocating-piston type
F02K0007000000	Plants in which the working-fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof (rocket-engine plants F02K0009000000)
F02K0007020000	the jet being intermittent, i.e. pulse jet
F02K0007040000	with resonant combustion chambers
F02K0007060000	with combustion chambers having valves
F02K0007067000	having aerodynamic valves
F02K0007075000	with multiple pulse-jet engines
F02K0007080000	the jet being continuous
F02K0007100000	characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
F02K0007120000	Injection-induction jet engines
F02K0007140000	with external combustion, e.g. scram-jet engines
F02K0007160000	Composite ram-jet/turbo-jet engines
F02K0007180000	Composite ram-jet/rocket engines
F02K0007200000	Composite ram-jet/pulse-jet engines
F02K0009000000	Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof (chemical composition of propellants C06B, C06D)
F02K0009080000	using solid propellants (F02K0009720000 takes precedence;using semi-solid or pulverulent propellants F02K0009700000)
F02K0009100000	Shape or structure of solid propellant charges
F02K0009120000	made of two or more portions burning at different rates
F02K0009140000	made from sheet-like materials, e.g. of carpet-roll type, of layered structure
F02K0009160000	of honeycomb structure
F02K0009180000	of the internal-burning type having a star or like shaped internal cavity
F02K0009200000	of the external-burning type
F02K0009220000	of the front-burning type
F02K0009240000	Charging rocket engines with solid propellants; Methods or apparatus specially adapted for working solid propellant charges
F02K0009260000	Burning control
F02K0009280000	having two or more propellant charges with the propulsion gases exhausting through a common nozzle
F02K0009300000	with the propulsion gases exhausting through a plurality of nozzles
F02K0009320000	Constructional parts; Details (shape or structure of solid propellant charges F02K0009100000; starting or ignition means or arrangements F02K0009950000; rocket nozzles F02K0009970000)
F02K0009340000	Casings; Combustion chambers; Liners thereof
F02K0009360000	Propellant charge supports
F02K0009380000	Safety devices, e.g. to prevent accidental ignition
F02K0009400000	Cooling arrangements
F02K0009420000	using liquid or gaseous propellants (F02K0009720000 takes precedence);;
F02K0009440000	Feeding propellants
F02K0009460000	using pumps (pumps per seF04)
F02K0009480000	driven by a gas turbine fed by propellant combustion gases
F02K0009500000	using pressurised fluid to pressurize the propellants
F02K0009520000	Injectors (in general B05B)
F02K0009540000	Leakage detectors; Purging systems; Filtration systems (filters per seB01D)
F02K0009560000	Control
F02K0009580000	Propellant feed valves (valves in general F16K)
F02K0009600000	Constructional parts; Details (starting or ignition means or arrangements F02K0009950000; rocket nozzles F02K0009970000)
F02K0009620000	Combustion or thrust chambers
F02K0009640000	having cooling arrangements
F02K0009660000	of the rotary type
F02K0009680000	Decomposition chambers
F02K0009700000	using semi-solid or pulverulent propellants
F02K0009720000	using liquid and solid propellants, i.e. hybrid rocket-engine plants
F02K0009740000	combined with another jet-propulsion plant
F02K0009760000	with another rocket-engine plant; Multistage rocket-engine plants
F02K0009780000	with an air-breathing jet-propulsion plant (with a ram-jet engine F02K0007180000)
F02K0009800000	characterised by thrust or thrust vector control (F02K0009260000, F02K0009560000, F02K0009940000 take precedence);;
F02K0009820000	by injection of a secondary fluid into the rocket exhaust gases
F02K0009840000	using movable nozzles
F02K0009860000	using nozzle throats of adjustable cross-section
F02K0009880000	using auxiliary rocket nozzles
F02K0009900000	using deflectors (F02K0009820000 takes precedence);;
F02K0009920000	incorporating means for reversing or terminating thrust
F02K0009940000	Re-ignitable or restartable rocket-engine plants; Intermittently operated rocket-engine plants
F02K0009950000	characterised by starting or ignition means or arrangements (safety devices F02K0009380000)
F02K0009960000	characterised by specially adapted arrangements for testing or measuring
F02K0009970000	Rocket nozzles (thrust or thrust vector control F02K0009800000)
F02K0011000000	Plants not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
F02M	SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF (charging such engines F02B)
F02M0001000000	Carburettors (for gaseous fuels F02M0021000000; combined with low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M0071000000)
F02M0001000000	Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
F02M0001020000	the means to facilitate starting or idling being chokes for enriching fuel-air mixture (automatic chokes F02M0001080000)
F02M0001040000	the means to facilitate starting or idling being auxiliary carburetting apparatus able to be put into, and out of, operation, e.g. having automatically-operated disc valves
F02M0001060000	having axially-movable valves, e.g. piston-shaped
F02M0001080000	the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically (in connection with auxiliary carburetting apparatus F02M0001040000)
F02M0001100000	dependent on engine temperature, e.g. having thermostat
F02M0001120000	with means for electrically heating thermostat
F02M0001140000	dependent on pressure in combustion-air- or fuel-air-mixture intake (F02M0001100000 takes precedence);;
F02M0001160000	Other means for enriching fuel-air mixture during starting; Priming cups; using different fuels for starting and normal operation
F02M0001180000	Enriching fuel-air mixture by depressing float to flood carburettor
F02M0003000000	Idling devices (with means for facilitating idling below operational temperatures F02M0001000000)
F02M0003020000	Preventing flow of idling fuel
F02M0003040000	under conditions where engine is driven instead of driving, e.g. driven by vehicle running down hill
F02M0003045000	Control of valves situated in the idling nozzle system, or the passage system, by electrical means or by a combination of electrical means with fluidic or mechanical means
F02M0003050000	Pneumatic or mechanical control, e.g. with speed regulation
F02M0003055000	Fuel flow cut-off by introducing air, e.g. brake air, into the idling fuel system
F02M0003060000	Increasing idling speed
F02M0003070000	by positioning the throttle flap stop, or by changing the fuel flow cross-sectional area, by electrical, electromechanical or electropneumatical means, according to engine speed
F02M0003080000	Other details of idling devices (fighting ice-formation by heating idling ports F02M0015020000)
F02M0003090000	Valves responsive to engine conditions, e.g. manifold vacuum (F02M0001000000, F02M0005000000-F02M0033000000;  take precedence);;
F02M0003100000	Fuel metering pins; Nozzles
F02M0003120000	Passage way systems
F02M0003140000	Location of idling system outlet relative to throttle valve
F02M0005000000	Float-controlled apparatus for maintaining a constant fuel level
F02M0005020000	with provisions to meet variations in carburettor position, e.g. upside-down position in aircraft
F02M0005040000	with pivotally or rotatably mounted float chambers
F02M0005060000	having adjustable float mechanism, e.g. to meet dissimilarities in specific gravity of different fuels
F02M0005080000	having means for venting float chambers
F02M0005100000	having means for preventing vapour lock, e.g. insulated float chambers or forced fuel circulation through float chamber with engine stopped
F02M0005120000	Other details, e.g. floats, valves, setting devices or tools (floats in general F16K0033000000)
F02M0005160000	Floats
F02M0007000000	Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions (choke valves for starting F02M0001000000)
F02M0007020000	Carburettors having aerated fuel spray nozzles (with valve control for amount of air for aerating fuel F02M0007240000)
F02M0007040000	Means for enriching charge at high combustion-air flow
F02M0007060000	Means for enriching charge on sudden throttle opening, i.e. at acceleration, e.g. storage means in passage way system
F02M0007080000	using pumps
F02M0007087000	changing output according to temperature in engine
F02M0007093000	changing output according to intake vacuum
F02M0007100000	Other installations, without moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. electrical means (F02M0007230000 takes precedence);;
F02M0007110000	Altering float-chamber pressure (enriching the fuel-air mixture during starting by depressing float to flood carburettor F02M0001180000)
F02M0007120000	Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. having valves (F02M0007240000 takes precedence);;
F02M0007127000	Altering the float-chamber pressure (enriching the fuel-air mixture during starting by depressing float to flood carburettor F02M0001180000)
F02M0007133000	Auxiliary jets, i.e. operating only under certain conditions, e.g. full power (F02M0007040000, F02M0007060000 take precedence);;
F02M0007140000	with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle (dependent on air-throttle valve position F02M0007220000)
F02M0007160000	operated automatically, e.g. dependent on exhaust-gas analysis
F02M0007170000	by a pneumatically adjustable piston-like element, e.g. constant depression carburettors
F02M0007180000	with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel-metering orifice (dependent on air-throttle position F02M0007220000)
F02M0007200000	operated automatically, e.g. dependent on altitude
F02M0007220000	fuel flow cross-sectional area being controlled dependent on air-throttle-valve position (the throttle valve being slidably arranged transversely to air passage F02M0009060000)
F02M0007230000	Fuel aerating devices
F02M0007240000	Controlling flow of aerating air
F02M0007260000	dependent on position of optionally operable throttle means
F02M0007280000	dependent on temperature or pressure
F02M0009000000	Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly type (register-type carburettors F02M0011000000); Carburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position
F02M0009020000	having throttling valves, e.g. of piston shape, slidably arranged transversely to the passage
F02M0009040000	with throttling valves sliding in a plane inclined to the passage
F02M0009060000	with means for varying cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle dependent on throttle position (F02M0007170000 takes precedence);;
F02M0009080000	having throttling valves rotatably mounted in the passage
F02M0009100000	having valves, or like controls, of elastic-wall type for controlling the passage, or for varying cross-sectional area, of fuel-air mixing chambers
F02M0009120000	having other specific means for controlling the passage, or for varying cross-sectional area, of fuel-air mixing chambers
F02M0009127000	Axially movable throttle valves concentric with the axis of the mixture passage
F02M0009133000	the throttle valves having mushroom-shaped bodies
F02M0009140000	having venturi and nozzle relatively displaceable essentially along the venturi axis
F02M0011000000	Multi-stage carburettors; Register-type carburettors, i.e. with slidable or rotatable throttling valves in which a plurality of fuel nozzles, other than only an idling nozzle and a main one, are sequentially exposed to air stream by throttling valve
F02M0011020000	with throttling valve, e.g. of flap or butterfly type, in a later stage opening automatically
F02M0011040000	the later-stage valves having damping means
F02M0011060000	Other carburettors with throttling valve of flap or butterfly type
F02M0011080000	Register carburettors with throttling valve movable transversally to air passage
F02M0011100000	Register carburettors with rotatable throttling valves
F02M0013000000	Arrangements of two or more separate carburettors (apparatus for testing, tuning, or synchronising carburettors F02M0019010000; re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture F02M0029000000); Carburettors using more than one fuel (apparatus for adding small quantities of secondary fuel F02M0025000000)
F02M0013020000	Separate carburettors
F02M0013040000	structurally united
F02M0013060000	the carburettors using different fuels
F02M0013080000	Carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels, e.g. alternatively
F02M0015000000	Carburettors with heating, cooling, or thermal insulating means for combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture (heating, cooling, or thermally insulating float apparatus F02M0005000000; apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, not being part of a carburettor F02M0031000000)
F02M0015020000	with heating means, e.g. to combat ice-formation
F02M0015040000	the means being electrical
F02M0015060000	Heat shieldings, e.g. from engine radiations
F02M0017000000	Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of main groups  F02M0001000000-F02M0015000000; (apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like F02M0027000000; combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M0071000000)
F02M0017020000	Floatless carburettors
F02M0017040000	having fuel inlet valve controlled by diaphragm
F02M0017060000	having overflow chamber determining constant fuel level
F02M0017080000	Carburettors having one or more fuel passages opening in a valve-seat surrounding combustion-air passage, the valve being opened by passing air
F02M0017090000	the valve being of an eccentrically mounted butterfly type
F02M0017100000	Carburettors having one or more fuel passages opening in valve-member of air throttle
F02M0017120000	the valve-member being of butterfly type
F02M0017140000	Carburettors with fuel-supply parts opened and closed in synchronism with engine stroke
F02M0017160000	Carburettors having continuously-rotating bodies, e.g. surface carburettors (fuel injection by centrifugal forces F02M0069060000)
F02M0017180000	Other surface carburettors
F02M0017200000	with fuel bath
F02M0017220000	with air bubbling through bath
F02M0017240000	with wicks
F02M0017260000	with other wetted bodies
F02M0017280000	fuel being drawn through a porous body
F02M0017300000	Carburettors with fire-protecting devices, e.g. combined with fire-extinguishing apparatus
F02M0017320000	automatically closing fuel conduits on outbreak of fire
F02M0017340000	Other carburettors combined or associated with other apparatus, e.g. air filters (predominant aspects of the apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);;
F02M0017360000	Carburettors having fitments facilitating their cleaning
F02M0017380000	Controlling of carburettors, not otherwise provided for (external control gear F02M0019120000)
F02M0017400000	Selection of particular materials for carburettors, e.g. sheet metal, plastic, or translucent materials
F02M0017420000	Float-controlled carburettors not otherwise provided for
F02M0017440000	Carburettors characterised by draught direction and not otherwise provided for
F02M0017460000	with down-draught
F02M0017480000	with up-draught
F02M0017500000	Carburettors having means for combating ice-formation (thermally F02M0015020000)
F02M0017520000	Use of cold, produced by carburettors, for other purposes (apparatus using the cold, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);;
F02M0019000000	Details, component parts, or accessories of carburettors, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups  F02M0001000000-F02M0017000000; (measuring or testing apparatus in general G01)
F02M0019010000	Apparatus for testing, tuning, or synchronising carburettors, e.g. carburettor flow stands
F02M0019020000	Metering-orifices, e.g. variable in diameter (variable during operation F02M0007180000)
F02M0019025000	Metering orifices not variable in diameter
F02M0019030000	Fuel atomising nozzles; Arrangement of emulsifying air conduits (atomising in general B05B)
F02M0019035000	Mushroom-shaped atomising nozzles
F02M0019040000	Fuel-metering pins or needles
F02M0019060000	Other details of fuel conduits
F02M0019080000	Venturis
F02M0019100000	in multiple arrangement
F02M0019120000	External control gear, e.g. having dash-pots (dampening means in later stages of multi-stage carburettors F02M0011040000; carburettor control gear in which the carburettor aspects do not predominate, see the relevant classes);
F02M0021000000	Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
F02M0021020000	for gaseous fuels (apparatus for vaporising liquid fuel by heat F02M0031000000; engines with apparatus generating gas from solid fuel, e.g. from wood, F02B0043080000)
F02M0021040000	Gas-air mixing apparatus (carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels F02M0013080000; carburetting gases in general C10J)
F02M0021060000	Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating (discharging liquefied gases in general F17C)
F02M0021080000	for non-gaseous fuels (for engines operating on fuel containing oxidants F02B)
F02M0021100000	for fuels with low melting point, e.g. apparatus having heating means
F02M0021120000	for fuels in pulverised state (engine plants with fuel-pulverising apparatus F02B)
F02M0023000000	Engine-pertinent apparatus for feeding, or treating before their admission to engine, combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
F02M0023000000	Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
F02M0023020000	with personal control
F02M0023030000	the secondary air-valve controlled by main combustion-air throttle
F02M0023040000	with automatic control
F02M0023060000	dependent on engine speed
F02M0023080000	dependent on pressure in main combustion-air induction system
F02M0023090000	using valves directly opened by low pressure
F02M0023100000	dependent on temperature, e.g. engine temperature
F02M0023120000	characterised by being combined with device for, or by secondary air effecting, re-atomising of condensed fuel
F02M0023140000	characterised by adding hot air
F02M0025000000	Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel, or fuel-air mixture (F02M0043000000 takes precedence;adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M0023000000)
F02M0025022000	Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
F02M0025025000	Adding water
F02M0025028000	into the charge intakes
F02M0025030000	into the cylinders
F02M0025032000	Producing and adding steam
F02M0025035000	into the charge intakes
F02M0025038000	into the cylinders
F02M0025060000	adding lubricant vapours or exhaust gases
F02M0025070000	adding exhaust gases
F02M0025080000	adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
F02M0025100000	adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
F02M0025120000	the apparatus having means for generating such gases (using rays and simultaneously generating ozone F02M0027060000)
F02M0025140000	adding anti-knock agents, not provided for in groups ; F02M0025022000-F02M0025100000
F02M0027000000	Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like
F02M0027020000	by catalysts
F02M0027040000	by electric means or magnetism
F02M0027060000	by rays
F02M0027080000	by sonic or ultrasonic waves
F02M0029000000	Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture (combined with secondary-air supply F02M0023120000)
F02M0029020000	having rotary parts
F02M0029040000	having screens, gratings, baffles, or the like (rotary F02M0029020000)
F02M0029060000	generating whirling motion of mixture
F02M0029080000	having spirally-wound wires
F02M0029100000	adjustable
F02M0029120000	having homogenising valves held open by mixture current
F02M0029140000	re-atomising or homogenising being effected by unevenness of internal surfaces of mixture intake
F02M0031000000	Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture (F02M0021060000, F02M0021100000 take precedence;such apparatus being part of a carburettor or fuel-injection apparatus F02M0015000000, F02M0053000000; adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M0023140000)
F02M0031020000	for heating
F02M0031040000	combustion-air or fuel-air mixture (electrically F02M0031120000; by using heat from working cylinders or cylinder heads F02M0031140000; heating of combustion-air as an engine starting aid F02N0017040000)
F02M0031060000	by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
F02M0031070000	Temperature-responsive control, e.g. using thermostatically-controlled valves (F02M0031083000 takes precedence);;
F02M0031080000	the gases being exhaust gases
F02M0031083000	Temperature-responsive control of the amount of exhaust gas or combustion air directed to the heat exchange surface
F02M0031087000	Heat-exchange arrangements between the air intake and exhaust gas passages, e.g. by means of contact between the passages
F02M0031093000	Air intake passage surrounding the exhaust gas passage; Exhaust gas passage surrounding the air intake passage
F02M0031100000	by hot liquids, e.g. lubricants
F02M0031120000	electrically
F02M0031125000	Fuel
F02M0031130000	Combustion air
F02M0031135000	Fuel-air mixture
F02M0031140000	by using heat from working cylinders or cylinder heads
F02M0031160000	Other apparatus for heating fuel
F02M0031180000	to vaporise fuel
F02M0031200000	for cooling (cooling of charging-air or of scavenging-air F02B)
F02M0033000000	Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture (combustion-air cleaners F02M0035000000; arrangements for purifying liquid fuel F02M0037220000)
F02M0033020000	for collecting and returning condensed fuel
F02M0033040000	returning to the intake passage
F02M0033060000	with simultaneous heat supply
F02M0033080000	returning to the fuel tank
F02M0035000000	Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines (air cleaners in general B01D)
F02M0035020000	Air cleaners
F02M0035022000	acting by gravity, by centrifugal, or by other inertial forces, e.g. with moistened walls
F02M0035024000	using filters, e.g. moistened (F02M0035026000 takes precedence;cleaning of the filtering material F02M0035080000)
F02M0035026000	acting by guiding the air over or through an oil or other liquid bath, e.g. combined with filters
F02M0035040000	specially arranged with respect to engine; Mounting thereon
F02M0035060000	combined or associated with engine's cooling blower or fan, or with flywheel
F02M0035080000	with means for removing dust from cleaners; with means for indicating clogging; with by-pass means
F02M0035090000	Clogging indicators
F02M0035100000	Air intakes; Induction systems (using kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems for improving quantity of charge F02B)
F02M0035104000	Intake manifolds
F02M0035108000	with primary and secondary intake passages
F02M0035112000	for engines with cylinders all in one line (F02M0035108000 takes precedence);;
F02M0035116000	for engines with cylinders in V-arrangement or arranged oppositely relative to the main shaft (F02M0035108000 takes precedence);;
F02M0035120000	Intake silencers
F02M0035140000	Combined air cleaners and silencers
F02M0035160000	characterised by use in vehicles (predominant vehicle aspects, see the relevant classes for the vehicles);;
F02M0037000000	Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus (F02M0069000000 takes precedence;feeding liquid fuel to combustion apparatus, in general F23K0005000000; fuel supply to apparatus for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R0003280000); Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines (separating apparatus, filters per seB01D; centrifuges B04B)
F02M0037020000	Feeding by means of suction apparatus, e.g. by air flow through carburettors (by driven pumps F02M0037040000)
F02M0037040000	Feeding by means of driven pumps (pump construction F04)
F02M0037060000	mechanically driven
F02M0037080000	electrically driven
F02M0037100000	submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir
F02M0037120000	fluid-driven, e.g. by compressed combustion-air
F02M0037140000	the pumps being combined with other apparatus
F02M0037160000	characterised by provision of personally-, e.g. manually-, operated pumps
F02M0037180000	characterised by provision of main and auxiliary pumps
F02M0037200000	characterised by means for preventing vapour lock
F02M0037220000	Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangement in the feeding system
F02M0039000000	Fuel-injection apparatus (carrying the fuel into cylinders by high-pressure gas F02M0067000000; low-pressure fuel-injection F02M0069000000)
F02M0039000000	Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements (F02M0049000000 takes precedence;arrangements of injectors F02M0061140000)
F02M0039020000	Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
F02M0041000000	Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
F02M0041020000	the distributor being spaced from pumping elements
F02M0041040000	the distributor reciprocating
F02M0041060000	the distributor rotating
F02M0041080000	the distributor and pumping elements being combined
F02M0041100000	pump pistons acting as the distributor
F02M0041120000	the pistons rotating to act as the distributor
F02M0041140000	rotary distributor supporting pump pistons
F02M0041160000	characterised by the distributor being fed from a constant-pressure source, e.g. accumulator
F02M0043000000	Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
F02M0043020000	Pumps peculiar thereto
F02M0043040000	Injectors peculiar thereto
F02M0045000000	Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship (fuel injectors having such deliveries by means of valves furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions F02M0061060000)
F02M0045020000	with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
F02M0045040000	with a small initial part
F02M0045060000	Pumps peculiar thereto
F02M0045080000	Injectors peculiar thereto
F02M0045100000	Other injectors with multiple-part delivery, e.g. with vibrating valves
F02M0045120000	providing a continuous delivery with variable pressure
F02M0047000000	Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure (F02M0049000000 takes precedence;apparatus with injection valves opened by fuel pressure and closed by non-fluid means, see the groups providing for other characteristics);
F02M0047020000	of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves, and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
F02M0047040000	using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
F02M0047060000	Other fuel injectors peculiar thereto
F02M0049000000	Fuel-injection apparatus in which injection pumps are driven, or injectors are actuated, by the pressure in engine working cylinders, or by impact of engine working piston
F02M0049020000	using the cylinder pressure, e.g. compression end pressure
F02M0049040000	using the piston impact
F02M0051000000	Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
F02M0051020000	specially for low-pressure fuel-injection (pumps per seF02M0051040000; injectors per seF02M0051080000)
F02M0051040000	Pumps peculiar thereto
F02M0051060000	Injectors peculiar thereto
F02M0051080000	specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
F02M0053000000	Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
F02M0053020000	with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
F02M0053040000	Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
F02M0053060000	with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
F02M0053080000	with air cooling
F02M0055000000	Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means
F02M0055020000	Conduits between injection pumps and injectors
F02M0055040000	Means for damping vibrations in injection-pump inlets
F02M0057000000	Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices
F02M0057020000	Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
F02M0057040000	the devices being combustion-air intake or exhaust valves
F02M0057060000	the devices being sparking-plugs
F02M0059000000	Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups  F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000; (general features of pumps F04)
F02M0059020000	of reciprocating-piston type
F02M0059040000	characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft
F02M0059060000	with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V- or star-arrangement
F02M0059080000	characterised by two or more pumping elements with conjoint outlet
F02M0059100000	characterised by the piston drive
F02M0059120000	having other positive-displacement pumping elements, e.g. rotary
F02M0059140000	of elastic-wall type
F02M0059160000	characterised by having multi-stage compression of fuel
F02M0059180000	characterised by the pumping action being achieved through release of pre-compressed springs
F02M0059200000	Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
F02M0059220000	Varying quantity by adjusting cylinder-head space
F02M0059240000	with constant-length-stroke pistons having variable effective portion of stroke
F02M0059260000	caused by movements of pistons relative to their cylinders
F02M0059280000	Mechanisms therefor
F02M0059300000	with variable-length-stroke pistons
F02M0059320000	fuel delivery being controlled by means of fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons, which effect injection
F02M0059340000	by throttling of passages to pumping elements or of overflow passages
F02M0059360000	by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages
F02M0059380000	Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions
F02M0059400000	for reversible engines
F02M0059420000	for starting of engines
F02M0059440000	Details, component parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0059020000-F02M0059420000
F02M0059460000	Valves (in general F16K)
F02M0059480000	Assembling; Disassembling; Replacing
F02M0061000000	Fuel injectors not provided for in groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000
F02M0061020000	of valveless type
F02M0061040000	having valves (valves in general F16K)
F02M0061060000	the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions
F02M0061080000	the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
F02M0061100000	Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
F02M0061120000	characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
F02M0061140000	Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
F02M0061160000	Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0061020000-F02M0061140000
F02M0061180000	Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve-seats
F02M0061200000	Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights
F02M0063000000	Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0061000000
F02M0063020000	Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
F02M0063040000	Fuel-injection apparatus having injection valves held closed by a cyclically-operated mechanism for a time and automatically opened by fuel pressure, e.g. of constant-pressure pump or accumulator, when that mechanism releases the valve
F02M0063060000	Use of pressure wave generated by fuel inertia to open injection valves
F02M0065000000	Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing
F02M0067000000	Fuel-injection by high-pressure gas carrying the fuel into engine working cylinders; Low-pressure fuel-injection
F02M0067000000	Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type (using compressed air for low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M0069080000)
F02M0067020000	the gas being compressed air, e.g. compressed in pumps (arrangements or adaptations of such pumps F02B)
F02M0067040000	the air being extracted from working cylinders of the engine
F02M0067060000	the gas being other than air, e.g. steam, combustion gas
F02M0067080000	the gas being generated by combustion of part of fuel other than in engine working cylinders
F02M0067100000	Injectors peculiar thereto, e.g. of valveless type
F02M0067120000	having valves
F02M0067140000	characterised by provisions for injecting different fuels, e.g. main fuel and readily self-igniting starting-fuel
F02M0069000000	Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus (electrically- operated F02M0051000000)
F02M0069020000	Pumps peculiar thereto
F02M0069040000	Injectors peculiar thereto
F02M0069060000	characterised by the pressurisation of the fuel being caused by centrifugal force acting on the fuel
F02M0069080000	characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air
F02M0069100000	peculiar to scavenged two-stroke engines, e.g. injecting into crankcase-pump chamber
F02M0069120000	comprising a fuel-displaced free piston for intermittently metering and supplying fuel to injection nozzles
F02M0069140000	having cyclically-operated valves connecting injection nozzles to a source of fuel under pressure during the injection period
F02M0069160000	characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of injectors
F02M0069180000	the means being metering valves throttling fuel passages to injectors or by-pass valves throttling overflow passages, the metering valves being actuated by a device responsive to the engine working parameters, e.g. engine load, speed, temperature or quantity of air (F02M0069260000 takes precedence);;
F02M0069200000	the device being a servo-motor, e.g. using engine intake air pressure or vacuum (F02M0069220000 takes precedence);;
F02M0069220000	the device comprising a member movably mounted in the air intake conduit and displaced according to the quantity of air admitted to the engine
F02M0069240000	the device comprising a member for transmitting the movement of the air throttle valve actuated by the operator to the valves controlling fuel passages
F02M0069260000	the means varying fuel pressure in a fuel by-pass passage, the pressure acting on a throttle valve against the action of metered or throttled fuel pressure for variably throttling fuel flow to injection nozzles, e.g. to keep constant the pressure differential at the metering valve
F02M0069280000	characterised by means for cutting-out the fuel supply to the engine or to main injectors during certain operating periods, e.g. deceleration
F02M0069300000	characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines (at acceleration F02M0069440000)
F02M0069320000	with an air by-pass around the air throttle valve or with an auxiliary air passage, e.g. with a variably controlled valve therein
F02M0069340000	with an auxiliary fuel circuit supplying fuel to the engine, e.g. with the fuel pump outlet being directly connected to the injection nozzles
F02M0069360000	having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages
F02M0069380000	using fuel pressure, e.g. by varying fuel pressure in the control chambers of the fuel metering device (F02M0069260000 takes precedence);;
F02M0069400000	using variably controlled air pressure, e.g. by modifying the intake air vacuum signal acting on the fuel metering device
F02M0069420000	using other means than variable fluid pressure, e.g. acting on the fuel metering device mechanically or electrically
F02M0069440000	characterised by means for supplying extra fuel to the engine on sudden air throttle opening, e.g at acceleration
F02M0069460000	Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups ; F02M0069020000-F02M0069440000
F02M0069480000	Arrangement of air sensors
F02M0069500000	Arrangement of fuel distributors
F02M0069520000	Arrangement of fuel metering devices
F02M0069540000	Arrangement of fuel pressure regulators
F02M0071000000	Combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus (means for enriching charge on sudden air throttle opening of carburettors F02M0007060000)
F02M0071020000	with fuel-air mixture being produced by the carburettor and being compressed by a pump for subsequent injection into main combustion-air (adaptations or arrangements of such pumps F02B)
F02M0071040000	with carburettor being used at starting or idling only and injection apparatus being used during normal operation of engine
F02M0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F02N	STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES (starting of free-piston combustion-engines F02B0071020000; starting of gas-turbine plants F02C0007260000); STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
F02N0001000000	Muscle-operated starting apparatus (with intermediate power storage F02N0005000000-F02N0015000000)
F02N0001000000	Starting apparatus having hand cranks
F02N0001020000	having safety means preventing damage caused by reverse rotation
F02N0003000000	Other muscle-operated starting apparatus
F02N0003020000	having pull-cords
F02N0003040000	having foot-actuated levers
F02N0005000000	Power-operated starting apparatus; Muscle-operated starting apparatus with intermediate power storage
F02N0005000000	Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
F02N0005020000	of spring type
F02N0005040000	of inertia type
F02N0007000000	Starting apparatus having fluid-driven auxiliary engines or apparatus
F02N0007020000	the apparatus being of single-stroke piston type, e.g. pistons acting on racks or pull-cords
F02N0007040000	the pistons acting on screw-threaded members to effect rotation
F02N0007060000	the engines being of reciprocating-piston type (of internal-combustion type F02N0007100000)
F02N0007080000	the engines being of rotary type
F02N0007100000	characterised by using auxiliary engines or apparatus of combustion type (by using explosive cartridges F02N0013000000)
F02N0007120000	the engines being of rotary type, e.g. turbines (F02N0007140000 takes precedence);;
F02N0007140000	the starting engines being readily removable from main engines, e.g. of portable type
F02N0009000000	Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers
F02N0009020000	the pressure fluid being generated directly by combustion (by using explosive cartridges F02N0013000000)
F02N0009040000	the pressure fluid being generated otherwise, e.g. by compressing air
F02N0011000000	Starting of engines by means of electric motors (arrangement or mounting of prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines for mutual or common propulsion B60K0006200000)
F02N0011020000	the motors having longitudinally-shiftable rotors
F02N0011040000	the motors being associated with current generators
F02N0011060000	and with ignition apparatus
F02N0011080000	Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
F02N0011100000	Safety devices (F02N0011080000 takes precedence);;
F02N0011120000	Starting of engines by means of mobile, e.g. portable, starting sets
F02N0011140000	Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply (F02N0011120000 takes precedence);;
F02N0013000000	Starting of engines, or driving of starting apparatus by use of explosives, e.g. stored in cartridges
F02N0013020000	Cartridges specially adapted therefor (gas cartridges in general F42B0003040000)
F02N0015000000	Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02N0005000000-F02N0013000000
F02N0015020000	Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
F02N0015040000	the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
F02N0015060000	the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
F02N0015080000	the gearing being of friction type
F02N0015100000	Safety devices not otherwise provided for
F02N0017000000	Other starting means; Starting aids not otherwise provided for
F02N0017020000	Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks (using electrically-heated glowing plugs F02P0019020000)
F02N0017040000	by heating of fluids used in engines (heating of lubricants F01M0005020000)
F02N0017047000	by heating of combustion-air by flame generating means, e.g. flame glow-plugs
F02N0017053000	Arrangement thereof
F02N0017060000	by heating of engine coolants
F02N0017080000	Aiding engine start by other than thermal means
F02P	IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B0053120000; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; measuring of physical variables in general G01; controlling in general G05; data processing in general G06; electrical components in general, see section Hsparking plugs H01T)
F02P0001000000	Electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation or storage
F02P0001000000	Installations having electric ignition energy generated by magneto- or dynamo-electric generators without subsequent storage
F02P0001020000	the generator rotor being characterised by forming part of the engine flywheel
F02P0001040000	the generator being specially adapted for use with specific engine types, e.g. engines with V-arrangement of cylinders
F02P0001060000	Generator drives, e.g. having snap couplings
F02P0001080000	Layout of circuits
F02P0003000000	Other installations
F02P0003010000	Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator (with magneto- or dynamo-electric generators F02P0001000000; piezo-electric ignition F02P0003120000; with continuous electric spark F02P0015100000)
F02P0003020000	having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
F02P0003040000	Layout of circuits
F02P0003045000	for control of the dwell or anti-dwell time
F02P0003050000	for control of the magnitude of the current in the ignition coil (during starting F02P0015120000)
F02P0003055000	with protective means to prevent damage to the circuit or the ignition coil
F02P0003060000	having capacitive energy storage (piezo-electric or electrostatic ignition F02P0003120000)
F02P0003080000	Layout of circuits (for low tension F02P0003100000)
F02P0003090000	for control of the charging current in the capacitor (F02P0015120000 takes precedence);;
F02P0003100000	Low-tension installation, e.g. using surface-discharge sparking plugs
F02P0003120000	Piezo-electric ignition; Electrostatic ignition
F02P0005000000	Advancing or retarding electric ignition spark; Arrangements of distributors or of circuit-makers or -breakers for electric spark ignition; Electric spark ignition control or safety means, not otherwise provided for
F02P0005000000	Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
F02P0005020000	non-automatically; dependent on position of personal controls of engine, e.g. throttle position
F02P0005040000	automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions (dependent on position of personal controls of engine F02P0005020000)
F02P0005050000	using mechanical means
F02P0005060000	dependent on engine speed
F02P0005070000	Centrifugal timing mechanisms
F02P0005100000	dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure
F02P0005120000	dependent on a specific pressure other than that of combustion-air, e.g. of exhaust, cooling fluid, lubricant
F02P0005140000	dependent on specific conditions other than engine speed or engine fluid pressure, e.g. temperature
F02P0005145000	using electrical means
F02P0005150000	Digital data processing
F02P0005152000	dependent on pinking (detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines G01L0023220000)
F02P0005153000	dependent on combustion pressure
F02P0005155000	Analogue data processing
F02P0005160000	characterised by the mechanical transmission between sensing elements or personal controls and final actuating elements
F02P0007000000	Arrangement of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices (advancing or retarding ignition or control therefor F02P0005000000; such devices per se, see the relevant classes of section H, e.g. rotary switches H01H0019000000, contact-breakers, distributors H01R0039000000, generators H02K)
F02P0007020000	of distributors
F02P0007030000	with electrical means (ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders F02P0015080000)
F02P0007040000	having distributors with air-tight casing
F02P0007060000	of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
F02P0007063000	Mechanical pick-up devices, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. contact-breakers
F02P0007067000	Electromagnetic pick-up devices
F02P0007070000	Hall-effect pick-up devices
F02P0007073000	Optical pick-up devices
F02P0007077000	Circuits therefor, e.g. pulse generators
F02P0007080000	having air-tight casings
F02P0007100000	Drives of distributors or of circuit-makers or -breakers
F02P0009000000	Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
F02P0011000000	Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for
F02P0011020000	Preventing damage to engines or engine-driven gearing
F02P0011040000	Preventing unauthorised use of engines (of vehicles B60R0025040000; ignition locks H01H0027000000)
F02P0011060000	Indicating unsafe conditions
F02P0013000000	Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines (with fuel injectors F02M0057060000; predominant aspects of the parts, see the relevant subclasses);
F02P0015000000	Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02P0001000000-F02P0013000000
F02P0015020000	Arrangements having two or more sparking plugs
F02P0015040000	one of the spark electrodes being mounted on the engine working piston
F02P0015060000	the electric spark triggered by engine working cylinder compression
F02P0015080000	having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
F02P0015100000	having continuous electric sparks
F02P0015120000	having means for strengthening spark during starting
F02P0017000000	Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting (testing fuel injection apparatus F02M0065000000; testing ignition installations in general F23Q0023000000); Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
F02P0017020000	Checking or adjusting ignition timing
F02P0017040000	dynamically
F02P0017060000	using a stroboscopic lamp
F02P0017080000	using a cathode-ray oscilloscope (F02P0017060000 takes precedence);;
F02P0017100000	Measuring dwell or antidwell time
F02P0017120000	Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current (testing of sparking plugs G01M0019020000)
F02P0019000000	Other ignition
F02P0019000000	Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
F02P0019020000	electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F02P0019040000	non-electric, e.g. heating incandescent spots by burners (use of burners for direct ignition F02P0021000000)
F02P0021000000	Direct use of flames or burners for ignition
F02P0021020000	the flames being kept burning essentially external to engine working chambers
F02P0021040000	Burning-cartridges or like inserts being arranged in engine working chambers (as starting aid F02N0017020000)
F02P0023000000	Other ignition
F02P0023020000	Friction, pyrophoric, or catalytic ignition
F02P0023040000	Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F03	MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04); WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
F03B	MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (machines or engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement engines for liquids F03C; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04)
F03B0001000000	Non-positive-displacement machines or engines characterised by specified type, e.g. water turbines (adaptations of machines or engines for special use F03B0013000000; controlling F03B0015000000)
F03B0001000000	Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
F03B0001020000	Buckets; Bucket-carrying rotors
F03B0001040000	Nozzles (in general B05B); Nozzle-carrying members
F03B0003000000	Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
F03B0003020000	with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
F03B0003040000	with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines
F03B0003060000	with adjustable blades, e.g. Kaplan turbines
F03B0003080000	with pressure/velocity transformation exclusively in rotors
F03B0003100000	characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
F03B0003120000	Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
F03B0003140000	Rotors having adjustable blades
F03B0003160000	Stators
F03B0003180000	Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
F03B0005000000	Machines or engines characterised by non-bladed rotors, e.g. serrated, using friction
F03B0007000000	Water wheels
F03B0009000000	Endless-chain type machines or engines
F03B0011000000	Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F03B0001000000-F03B0009000000; (controlling F03B0015000000)
F03B0011020000	Casings
F03B0011040000	for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
F03B0011060000	Bearing arrangements
F03B0011080000	for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
F03B0013000000	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus (if the apparatus aspects are predominant, see the relevant places for such apparatus, e.g. H02K0007180000); Power stations or aggregates (hydraulic-engineering aspects E02B; incorporating only machines or engines of positive-displacement type F03C)
F03B0013020000	Adaptations for drilling wells
F03B0013040000	Adaptations for use in dentistry
F03B0013060000	Stations or aggregates of water-storage type (turbines characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps F03B0003100000)
F03B0013080000	Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor
F03B0013100000	Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
F03B0013120000	characterised by using wave or tide energy
F03B0013140000	using wave energy
F03B0013160000	using the relative movement between a wave-operated member and another member
F03B0013180000	wherein the other member is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
F03B0013200000	wherein both members are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
F03B0013220000	using the flow of water resulting from wave movements, e.g. to drive a hydraulic motor or turbine
F03B0013240000	to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
F03B0013260000	using tide energy
F03B0015000000	Controlling (controlling in general G05)
F03B0015020000	by varying liquid flow
F03B0015040000	of turbines (rotors having adjustable blades F03B0003060000, F03B0003140000; adjustable guide vanes F03B0003180000; specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors F03B0015200000)
F03B0015060000	Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
F03B0015080000	by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
F03B0015100000	without retroactive action
F03B0015120000	with retroactive action
F03B0015140000	by or of water level
F03B0015160000	by power output
F03B0015180000	for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
F03B0015200000	specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors (nozzles F03B0001040000)
F03B0015220000	for safety purposes
F03B0017000000	Other machines or engines
F03B0017020000	using hydrostatic thrust
F03B0017040000	Alleged ; perpetua mobilia
F03B0017060000	using liquid flow, e.g. of swinging-flap type
F03C	POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04; fluid-pressure actuators F15B; fluid gearing F16H)
F03C0001000000	Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
F03C0001007000	with single cylinder, double-acting piston
F03C0001013000	with single cylinder, single-acting piston
F03C0001020000	with multiple cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders (with movable cylinders F03C0001220000; of flexible-wall type F03C0005020000)
F03C0001030000	with movement in two directions being obtained by two single-acting piston liquid engines, each acting in one direction
F03C0001040000	with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
F03C0001047000	the pistons co-operating with an actuated element at the outer ends of the cylinders
F03C0001053000	the pistons co-operating with an actuated element at the inner ends of the cylinders
F03C0001060000	with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F03C0001080000	Distributing valve-gear peculiar thereto (for multiple-cylinder engines F03C0001340000; for engines with positive displacement in general F01L)
F03C0001100000	actuated by piston or piston-rod
F03C0001120000	mechanically
F03C0001140000	actuated by the driving liquid of the engine
F03C0001160000	Speed controlling, equalising, or cushioning
F03C0001200000	specially adapted for engines generating vibration only
F03C0001220000	with movable cylinders
F03C0001240000	in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
F03C0001247000	with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
F03C0001253000	with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel to, main shaft axis
F03C0001260000	adapted for special use or combined with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning the driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);;
F03C0001280000	Pistons specially adapted therefor
F03C0001300000	Cams specially adapted therefor
F03C0001320000	Cylinders specially adapted therefor
F03C0001340000	Distribution members specially adapted for multiple-cylinder engines
F03C0001360000	Cylindrical distribution members
F03C0001380000	Plate-like distribution members
F03C0001400000	Control specially adapted therefor
F03C0002000000	Rotary-piston engines (in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more piston reciprocating in rotary cylinders F03C0001240000)
F03C0002020000	of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
F03C0002080000	of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F03C0002220000	of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
F03C0002240000	of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions
F03C0002300000	having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups ; F03C0002020000, F03C0002080000, F03C0002220000, F03C0002240000;  or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
F03C0004000000	Oscillating-piston engines
F03C0005000000	Other engines
F03C0005020000	of flexible-wall type
F03D	WIND MOTORS
F03D0001000000	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially in wind direction (controlling F03D0007000000)
F03D0001020000	having a plurality of rotors
F03D0001040000	having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels (F03D0001020000 takes precedence);;
F03D0001060000	Rotors
F03D0003000000	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially at right angle to wind direction (controlling F03D0007000000)
F03D0003020000	having a plurality of rotors
F03D0003040000	having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels (F03D0003020000 takes precedence);;
F03D0003060000	Rotors
F03D0005000000	Other wind motors (controlling F03D0007000000)
F03D0005020000	the wind-engaging parts being attached to endless chains or the like
F03D0005040000	the wind-engaging parts being attached to carriages running on tracks or the like
F03D0005060000	the wind-engaging parts swinging to-and-fro and not rotating
F03D0007000000	Controlling wind motors
F03D0007020000	the wind motors having rotation axis substantially in wind direction
F03D0007040000	Regulation, i.e. controlling automatically
F03D0007060000	the wind motors having rotation axis substantially at right angle to wind direction
F03D0009000000	Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);;
F03D0009020000	the apparatus storing power
F03D0011000000	Details, component parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the other groups of this subclass
F03D0011020000	Transmission of power, e.g. using hollow exhausting blades
F03D0011040000	Mounting structures
F03G	SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA, OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER-PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (arrangements in connection with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B60K0016000000; electric propulsion with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B60L0008000000)
F03G0001000000	Spring motors (spring-driven toys A63H; springs in general F16F; precision time mechanisms, e.g. for clocks or watches, G04B)
F03G0001020000	characterised by shape or material of spring, e.g. helical, spiral, coil
F03G0001040000	using rubber springs
F03G0001060000	Other parts or details
F03G0001080000	for winding
F03G0001100000	for producing output movement other than rotary, e.g. vibratory
F03G0003000000	Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
F03G0003020000	using wheels with circumferentially-arranged compartments co-operating with solid falling bodies (F03G0003040000 takes precedence);;
F03G0003040000	driven by sand or like fluent solid material
F03G0003060000	using pendulums
F03G0003080000	using flywheels
F03G0004000000	Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
F03G0004020000	with direct fluid contact
F03G0004040000	with deep-well turbo-pump
F03G0004060000	with fluid flashing
F03G0005000000	Devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy (driving cycles B62M)
F03G0005020000	of endless-walk type, e.g. treadmills
F03G0005040000	Horsemills or the like
F03G0005060000	other than of endless-walk type
F03G0005080000	for combined actuation by different limbs, e.g. hand and leg
F03G0006000000	Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy (solar boilers F24)
F03G0006020000	using a single state working fluid
F03G0006040000	gaseous
F03G0006060000	with solar energy concentrating means
F03G0007000000	Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
F03G0007040000	using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature (F03G0007060000 takes precedence);;
F03G0007050000	Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
F03G0007060000	using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying, or the like (using thermal expansion of non-vaporising liquids F01K)
F03G0007080000	recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching, or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
F03G0007100000	Alleged  perpetua mobilia(using hydrostatic thrust F03B0017040000)
F03H	PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (from combustion products F02K)
F03H0001000000	Use of plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust (generating plasma H05H0001000000)
F03H0003000000	Use of photons to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
F03H0005000000	Producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for
F04	POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (portable fire extinguishers with manually-operated pumps A62C0011000000, with power-driven pumps A62C0025000000; charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps F02B; engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J0041120000; electrodynamic pumps H02K0044020000)
F04B	POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS (machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F04C; non-positive-displacement pumps F04D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F04F; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; flywheels F16F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F16H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, in general F16J)
F04B0001000000	Pumps for liquids or for liquid and elastic fluids; Positive-displacement machines for liquids (having flexible working members F04B0043000000; pumps for raising fluids from great depths F04B0047000000)
F04B0001000000	Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders (F04B0003000000 takes precedence;fluid-driven pumps F04B0009080000; control of reciprocating machines or pumps in general F04B0049000000)
F04B0001020000	having two cylinders (in V-arrangement F04B0001040000)
F04B0001040000	having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
F04B0001047000	with an actuating or actuated element at the outer ends of the cylinders
F04B0001053000	with an actuating or actuated element at the inner ends of the cylinders
F04B0001060000	Control
F04B0001070000	by varying the relative eccentricity between two members, e.g. a cam and a drive shaft
F04B0001080000	regulated by delivery pressure
F04B0001100000	the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
F04B0001107000	with an actuating or actuated element at the outer ends of the cylinders
F04B0001113000	with an actuating or actuated element at the inner ends of the cylinders
F04B0001120000	having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F04B0001140000	having stationary cylinders
F04B0001160000	having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
F04B0001180000	having self-acting distribution members, i.e. actuated by working fluid
F04B0001200000	having rotary cylinder block
F04B0001220000	having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
F04B0001240000	inclined to main shaft axis
F04B0001260000	Control
F04B0001280000	for machines or pumps with stationary cylinders
F04B0001290000	by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
F04B0001300000	for machines or pumps with rotary cylinder block
F04B0001320000	by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
F04B0001340000	Control not provided for in a single group of groups ; F04B0001020000-F04B0001320000
F04B0003000000	Machines or pumps with pistons coacting within one cylinder, e.g. multi-stage
F04B0005000000	Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons
F04B0005020000	with double-acting pistons
F04B0007000000	Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving (with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement F04B0001040000; with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0001120000)
F04B0007020000	the valving being fluid-actuated
F04B0007040000	in which the valving is performed by pistons and cylinders coacting to open and close intake or outlet ports
F04B0007060000	the pistons and cylinders being relatively reciprocated and rotated
F04B0009000000	Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
F04B0009020000	the means being mechanical
F04B0009040000	the means being cams, eccentrics, or pin-and-slot mechanisms (with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0001120000)
F04B0009060000	the means including spring- or weight-loaded lost-motion devices
F04B0009080000	the means being fluid
F04B0009100000	the fluid being liquid
F04B0009103000	having only one pumping chamber
F04B0009105000	reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
F04B0009107000	rectilinear movement of the pumping member in the working direction being obtained by a single-acting liquid motor, e.g. actuated in the other direction by gravity or a spring
F04B0009109000	having plural pumping chambers
F04B0009111000	with two mechanically connected pumping members
F04B0009113000	reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
F04B0009115000	reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by two single-acting liquid motors, each acting in one direction
F04B0009117000	the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other
F04B0009120000	the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
F04B0009123000	having only one pumping chamber
F04B0009125000	reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
F04B0009127000	rectilinear movement of the pumping member in the working direction being obtained by a single-acting elastic-fluid motor, e.g. actuated in the other direction by gravity or a spring
F04B0009129000	having plural pumping chambers
F04B0009131000	with two mechanically connected pumping members
F04B0009133000	reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
F04B0009135000	reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by two single-acting elastic-fluid motors, each acting in one direction
F04B0009137000	the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other
F04B0009140000	Pumps characterised by muscle-power operation
F04B0011000000	Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation
F04B0013000000	Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities (for transferring liquid from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers B67D0005400000)
F04B0013020000	of two or more fluids at the same time
F04B0015000000	Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
F04B0015020000	the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
F04B0015040000	the fluids being hot or corrosive (F04B0015060000 takes precedence);;
F04B0015060000	for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
F04B0015080000	the liquids having low boiling points
F04B0017000000	Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
F04B0017020000	driven by wind motors
F04B0017030000	driven by electric motors
F04B0017040000	using solenoids
F04B0017050000	driven by internal-combustion engines
F04B0017060000	Mobile combinations
F04B0019000000	Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0001000000-F04B0017000000
F04B0019020000	having movable cylinders
F04B0019040000	Pumps for special use (for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers B67D0005400000)
F04B0019060000	Pumps for delivery of both liquid and elastic fluids at the same time (wet gas pumps F04B0037200000)
F04B0019080000	Scoop devices
F04B0019100000	of wheel type
F04B0019120000	of helical or screw type
F04B0019140000	of endless-chain type, e.g. with the chains carrying pistons co-operating with open-ended cylinders
F04B0019160000	Adhesion-type liquid-lifting devices
F04B0019180000	Adhesion members therefor
F04B0019200000	Other positive-displacement pumps
F04B0019220000	of reciprocating-piston type
F04B0019240000	Pumping by heat expansion of pumped fluid
F04B0023000000	Pumping installations or systems (F04B0017000000 takes precedence);;
F04B0023020000	having reservoirs
F04B0023040000	Combinations of two or more pumps
F04B0023060000	the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type
F04B0023080000	the pumps being of different types
F04B0023100000	at least one pump being of the reciprocating positive-displacement type
F04B0023120000	at least one pump being of the rotary-piston positive-displacement type (F04B0023100000 takes precedence);;
F04B0023140000	at least one pump being of the non-positive-displacement type (F04B0023100000, F04B0023120000 take precedence);;
F04B0025000000	Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids (having a flexible working member F04B0045000000; for raising fluid from great depths F04B0047000000)
F04B0025000000	Multi-stage pumps
F04B0025020000	of stepped-piston type
F04B0025040000	having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F04B0027000000	Multi-cylinder pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders (F04B0025000000 takes precedence;control of reciprocating machines or pumps in general F04B0049000000)
F04B0027020000	having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft
F04B0027040000	having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
F04B0027047000	with an actuating element at the outer ends of the cylinders
F04B0027053000	with an actuating element at the inner ends of the cylinders
F04B0027060000	the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
F04B0027067000	Control
F04B0027073000	by varying the relative eccentricity between two members, e.g. a cam and a drive shaft
F04B0027080000	having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
F04B0027100000	having stationary cylinders
F04B0027120000	having plural sets of cylinders or pistons
F04B0027140000	Control
F04B0027160000	of pumps with stationary cylinders
F04B0027180000	by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
F04B0027200000	of pumps with rotary cylinder block
F04B0027220000	by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
F04B0027240000	Control not provided for in a single group of groups ; F04B0027020000-F04B0027220000
F04B0031000000	Free-piston pumps; Systems incorporating such pumps (muscle-driven pumps in which the stroke is not defined by gearing F04B0033000000; free-piston combustion engines, free-piston gas generators F02B0071000000; systems predominated by prime mover aspects, see the relevant class for the prime mover);
F04B0033000000	Pumps actuated by muscle power, e.g. for inflating
F04B0033020000	with intermediate gearing
F04B0035000000	Piston pumps characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for (predominant aspects of the engines or motors, see the relevant classes);;
F04B0035010000	the means being mechanical
F04B0035020000	the means being fluid
F04B0035040000	the means being electric
F04B0035060000	Mobile combinations
F04B0037000000	Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0025000000-F04B0035000000
F04B0037020000	for evacuating by absorption or adsorption (absorption or adsorption in general B01J)
F04B0037040000	Selection of specific absorption or adsorption materials
F04B0037060000	for evacuating by thermal means
F04B0037080000	by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps (cold traps B01D0008000000)
F04B0037100000	for special use (F04B0037020000, F04B0037060000 take precedence);;
F04B0037120000	to obtain high pressure
F04B0037140000	to obtain high vacuum
F04B0037160000	Means for nullifying unswept space
F04B0037180000	for specific elastic fluids
F04B0037200000	for wet gases, e.g. wet air
F04B0039000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F04B0025000000-F04B0037000000; (for controlling F04B0049000000)
F04B0039020000	Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M)
F04B0039040000	Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
F04B0039060000	Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Prevention of freezing
F04B0039080000	Actuation of distribution members
F04B0039100000	Adaptation or arrangement of distribution members
F04B0039120000	Casings (casings for machines or engines in general F16M); Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
F04B0039140000	Provisions for readily assembling or disassembling
F04B0039160000	Filtration; Moisture separation
F04B0041000000	Pumping installations or systems (F04B0031000000, F04B0035000000 take precedence);;
F04B0041020000	having reservoirs
F04B0041040000	Conversion of internal-combustion engine cylinder units to pumps
F04B0041060000	Combinations of two or more pumps
F04B0043000000	Machines or pumps having flexible working members
F04B0043000000	Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members (pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids F04B0045000000)
F04B0043020000	having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms (F04B0043140000 takes precedence);;
F04B0043040000	Pumps having electric drive
F04B0043060000	Pumps having fluid drive
F04B0043067000	the fluid being actuated directly by a piston
F04B0043073000	the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
F04B0043080000	having tubular flexible members (F04B0043120000 takes precedence);;
F04B0043090000	Pumps having electric drive
F04B0043100000	Pumps having fluid drive
F04B0043107000	the fluid being actuated directly by a piston
F04B0043113000	the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
F04B0043120000	having peristaltic action
F04B0043140000	having plate-like flexible members
F04B0045000000	Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04B0045020000	having bellows
F04B0045027000	having electric drive
F04B0045033000	having fluid drive
F04B0045040000	having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms (F04B0045100000 takes precedence);;
F04B0045047000	Pumps having electric drive
F04B0045053000	Pumps having fluid drive
F04B0045060000	having tubular flexible members (F04B0045020000, F04B0045080000 take precedence);;
F04B0045067000	Pumps having electric drive
F04B0045073000	Pumps having fluid drive
F04B0045080000	having peristaltic action
F04B0045100000	having plate-like flexible members
F04B0047000000	Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps (by using positive or negative pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped F04F0001000000)
F04B0047020000	the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level (F04B0047120000 takes precedence);;
F04B0047040000	the driving means incorporating fluid means
F04B0047060000	having motor-pump units situated at great depth
F04B0047080000	the motors being actuated by fluid
F04B0047100000	the units or parts thereof being liftable to ground level by fluid pressure
F04B0047120000	having free plunger lifting the fluid to the surface
F04B0047140000	Counterbalancing
F04B0049000000	Control of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0001000000-F04B0047000000
F04B0049020000	Stopping, starting, unloading, or idling control (controlled electrically F04B0049060000)
F04B0049025000	by means of floats
F04B0049030000	by means of valves
F04B0049035000	Bypassing
F04B0049040000	Regulating by means of floats (F04B0049025000 takes precedence);;
F04B0049060000	Control using electricity (regulating by means of floats actuating electric switches F04B0049040000)
F04B0049080000	Regulating by delivery pressure
F04B0049100000	Other safety measures
F04B0049120000	by varying the length of stroke of the working members
F04B0049140000	Adjusting abutments located in the path of reciprocation
F04B0049160000	by adjusting the capacity of dead spaces of working chambers
F04B0049180000	by changing the effective cross-section of the working surface of the piston
F04B0049200000	by changing the driving speed (controlled electrically F04B0049060000)
F04B0049220000	by means of valves (F04B0049030000 takes precedence);;
F04B0049240000	Bypassing
F04B0051000000	Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
F04B0053000000	Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0001000000-F04B0023000000;  or F04B0039000000-F04B0047000000
F04B0053020000	Packing the free space between cylinders and pistons
F04B0053040000	Draining
F04B0053060000	Venting
F04B0053080000	Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Preventing freezing
F04B0053100000	Valves; Arrangement of valves
F04B0053120000	arranged in or on pistons
F04B0053140000	Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
F04B0053160000	Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
F04B0053180000	Lubricating (of machines or engines in general F01M)
F04B0053200000	Filtering
F04B0053220000	Arrangements for enabling ready assembly or disassembly
F04C	ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS (engines F03C); ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
F04C0002000000	Rotary-piston machines or pumps (with non-parallel axes of co-operating members F04C0003000000; with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F04C0005000000; with fluid ring or the like F04C0007000000; rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0018000000, F04C0019000000; rotary-piston machines or pumps in which the working-fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons F04B)
F04C0002020000	of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
F04C0002040000	of internal-axis type
F04C0002060000	of other than internal-axis type (F04C0002063000 takes precedence);;
F04C0002063000	with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them
F04C0002067000	having cam-and-follower type drive
F04C0002070000	having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive
F04C0002073000	having pawl-and-ratchet type drive
F04C0002077000	having toothed-gearing type drive
F04C0002080000	of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0002100000	of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C0002107000	with helical teeth
F04C0002113000	the inner member carrying rollers intermeshing with the outer member
F04C0002120000	of other than internal-axis type
F04C0002140000	with toothed rotary pistons
F04C0002160000	with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
F04C0002180000	with similar tooth forms (F04C0002160000 takes precedence);;
F04C0002200000	with dissimilar tooth forms (F04C0002160000 takes precedence);;
F04C0002220000	of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
F04C0002240000	of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions
F04C0002260000	of internal-axis type
F04C0002280000	of other than internal-axis type
F04C0002300000	having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups ; F04C0002020000, F04C0002080000, F04C0002220000, F04C0002240000;  or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
F04C0002320000	having both the movement defined in group ; F04C0002020000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F04C0002324000	with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F04C0002328000	and hinged to the outer member
F04C0002332000	with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F04C0002336000	and hinged to the inner member
F04C0002340000	having the movement defined in group ; F04C0002080000;  or F04C0002220000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F04C0002344000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F04C0002348000	the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member
F04C0002352000	the vanes being pivoted on the axis of the outer member
F04C0002356000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F04C0002360000	having both the movements defined in groups ; F04C0002220000 and F04C0002240000
F04C0002380000	having the movement defined in group  F04C0002020000 and having a hinged member(F04C0002320000 takes precedence);;
F04C0002390000	with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member
F04C0002400000	having the movement defined in group ; F04C0002080000;  or F04C0002220000 and having a hinged member
F04C0002440000	with vanes hinged to the inner member
F04C0002460000	with vanes hinged to the outer member
F04C0003000000	Rotary-piston machines or pumps, with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members, e.g. of screw type (with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F04C0005000000; rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0018480000)
F04C0003020000	the axes being arranged at an angle of 90 degrees
F04C0003040000	of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0003060000	the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90 degrees
F04C0003080000	of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0005000000	Rotary-piston machines or pumps with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0018000000)
F04C0007000000	Rotary-piston machines or pumps with fluid ring or the like (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0019000000)
F04C0009000000	Oscillating-piston machines or pumps (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0021000000)
F04C0011000000	Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (combinations of such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0023000000); Pumping installations (F04C0013000000 takes precedence;specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0023000000; fluid gearing F16H)
F04C0013000000	Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures (of pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0025000000)
F04C0014000000	Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations (of pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0028000000)
F04C0014020000	specially adapted for several machines or pumps connected in series or in parallel
F04C0014040000	specially adapted for reversible machines or pumps
F04C0014060000	specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
F04C0014080000	characterised by varying the rotational speed
F04C0014100000	characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber
F04C0014120000	using sliding valves
F04C0014140000	using rotating valves
F04C0014160000	using lift valves
F04C0014180000	characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber (by changing the positions of inlet or outlet openings F04C0014100000)
F04C0014200000	by changing the form of the inner or outer contour of the working chamber
F04C0014220000	by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members
F04C0014240000	characterised by using valves regulating pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves (F04C0014100000 takes precedence);;
F04C0014260000	using bypass channels
F04C0014280000	Safety arrangements; Monitoring
F04C0015000000	Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups  F04C0002000000-F04C0014000000; (of pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids F04C0018000000-F04C0029000000)
F04C0015060000	Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
F04C0018000000	Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04C0018000000	Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids (with fluid ring or the like F04C0019000000; rotary-piston pumps in which the working-fluid is exclusively displaced by one or more reciprocating pistons F04B)
F04C0018020000	of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
F04C0018040000	of internal-axis type
F04C0018060000	of other than internal-axis type (F04C0018063000 takes precedence);;
F04C0018063000	with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them
F04C0018067000	having cam-and-follower type drive
F04C0018070000	having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive
F04C0018073000	having pawl-and-ratchet type drive
F04C0018077000	having toothed-gearing type drive
F04C0018080000	of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0018100000	of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C0018107000	with helical teeth
F04C0018113000	the inner member carrying rollers intermeshing with the outer member
F04C0018120000	of other than internal-axis type
F04C0018140000	with toothed rotary pistons
F04C0018160000	with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
F04C0018180000	with similar tooth forms (F04C0018160000 takes precedence);;
F04C0018200000	with dissimilar tooth forms (F04C0018160000 takes precedence);;
F04C0018220000	of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
F04C0018240000	of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions
F04C0018260000	of internal-axis type
F04C0018280000	of other than internal-axis type
F04C0018300000	having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups ; F04C0018020000, F04C0018080000, F04C0018220000, F04C0018240000, F04C0018480000, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
F04C0018320000	having both the movement defined in group ; F04C0018020000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F04C0018324000	with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F04C0018328000	and hinged to the outer member
F04C0018332000	with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F04C0018336000	and hinged to the inner member
F04C0018340000	having the movement defined in group ; F04C0018080000;  or F04C0018220000 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
F04C0018344000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
F04C0018348000	the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member
F04C0018352000	the vanes being pivoted on the axis of the outer member
F04C0018356000	with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
F04C0018360000	having both the movements defined in groups ; F04C0018220000 and F04C0018240000
F04C0018380000	having the movement defined in group  F04C0018020000 and having a hinged member(F04C0018320000 takes precedence);;
F04C0018390000	with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member
F04C0018400000	having the movement defined in group ; F04C0018080000;  or F04C0018220000 and having a hinged member
F04C0018440000	with vanes hinged to the inner member
F04C0018460000	with vanes hinged to the outer member
F04C0018480000	Rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members
F04C0018500000	the axes being arranged at an angle of 90 degrees
F04C0018520000	of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0018540000	the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90 degrees
F04C0018560000	of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C0019000000	Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like, specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04C0021000000	Oscillating-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04C0023000000	Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids (F04C0025000000 takes precedence);;
F04C0023020000	Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors (predominant aspects of the engines or motors, see the relevant classes);;
F04C0025000000	Adaptations for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
F04C0025020000	for producing high vacuum (sealing arrangements F04C0027000000; silencing F04C0029060000)
F04C0027000000	Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04C0027020000	Liquid sealing for high-vacuum pumps
F04C0028000000	Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04C0028020000	specially adapted for several pumps connected in series or in parallel
F04C0028040000	specially adapted for reversible pumps
F04C0028060000	specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
F04C0028080000	characterised by varying the rotational speed
F04C0028100000	characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber
F04C0028120000	using sliding valves
F04C0028140000	using rotating valves
F04C0028160000	using lift valves
F04C0028180000	characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber (by changing the positions of inlet or outlet openings F04C0028100000)
F04C0028200000	by changing the form of the inner or outer contour of the working chamber
F04C0028220000	by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members
F04C0028240000	characterised by using valves regulating pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves (F04C0028100000 takes precedence);;
F04C0028260000	using bypass channels
F04C0028280000	Safety arrangements; Monitoring
F04C0029000000	Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids, not provided for in groups ; F04C0018000000-F04C0028000000
F04C0029020000	Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M); Lubricant separation (separation in general B01D)
F04C0029040000	Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L0059000000)
F04C0029060000	Silencing (gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general F01N)
F04C0029120000	Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
F04D	NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
F04D0001000000	Pumping liquids, or liquids and elastic fluids, by rotary pumps (pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time F04D0031000000)
F04D0001000000	Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (adapted for pumping specific fluids F04D0007000000; priming or boosting F04D0009000000)
F04D0001020000	having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
F04D0001040000	Helico-centrifugal pumps
F04D0001060000	Multi-stage pumps (F04D0001020000 takes precedence);;
F04D0001080000	the stages being situated concentrically
F04D0001100000	with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel
F04D0001120000	Pumps with scoops or like paring members protruding in the fluid circulating in a bowl
F04D0001140000	Pumps raising fluids by centrifugal force within a conical rotary bowl with vertical axis
F04D0003000000	Axial-flow pumps (priming or boosting F04D0009000000)
F04D0003020000	of screw type
F04D0005000000	Pumps with circumferential or transverse flow
F04D0007000000	Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
F04D0007020000	of centrifugal type
F04D0007040000	the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
F04D0007060000	the fluids being hot or corrosive, e.g. liquid metal
F04D0007080000	the fluids being radioactive
F04D0009000000	Priming; Preventing vapour lock
F04D0009020000	Self-priming pumps
F04D0009040000	using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour lock
F04D0009060000	of jet type
F04D0011000000	Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D0013000000)
F04D0013000000	Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D0015000000)
F04D0013020000	Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means);;
F04D0013040000	the pump being fluid-driven
F04D0013060000	the pump being electrically driven
F04D0013080000	for submerged use
F04D0013100000	adapted for use in mining bore holes
F04D0013120000	Combinations of two or more pumps (combinations with priming pumps or booster pumps to counter-act vapour lock F04D0009040000)
F04D0013140000	the pumps being all of centrifugal type
F04D0013160000	with storage reservoirs
F04D0015000000	Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems
F04D0015020000	Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
F04D0017000000	Pumping elastic fluids by rotary pumps
F04D0017000000	Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (F04D0021000000 takes precedence);;
F04D0017020000	having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
F04D0017040000	of transverse-flow type
F04D0017060000	Helico-centrifugal pumps
F04D0017080000	Centrifugal pumps
F04D0017100000	for compressing or evacuating
F04D0017120000	Multi-stage pumps
F04D0017140000	with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel (surge control F04D0027020000)
F04D0017160000	for displacing without appreciable compression
F04D0017180000	characterised by use of centrifugal force of liquids entrained in pumps
F04D0019000000	Axial-flow pumps (F04D0021000000 takes precedence);;
F04D0019020000	Multi-stage pumps
F04D0019040000	specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
F04D0021000000	Pumps involving supersonic speed of pumped fluids
F04D0023000000	Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D0025000000)
F04D0025000000	Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D0027000000)
F04D0025020000	Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means);;
F04D0025040000	the pump being fluid-driven
F04D0025060000	the pump being electrically driven (F04D0025080000 takes precedence);;
F04D0025080000	the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
F04D0025100000	the unit having provisions for automatically changing the direction of output air
F04D0025120000	the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures
F04D0025140000	and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
F04D0025160000	Combinations of two or more pumps
F04D0027000000	Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems
F04D0027020000	Surge control
F04D0029000000	Details, component parts, or accessories (machine elements in general F16)
F04D0029020000	Selection of particular materials (for handling specific liquids F04D0007000000)
F04D0029040000	Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof (specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps F04D0029050000)
F04D0029041000	Axial thrust balancing
F04D0029042000	Axially shiftable rotors (F04D0029041000 takes precedence);;
F04D0029043000	Shafts
F04D0029044000	Arrangements for joining or assembling shafts
F04D0029046000	Bearings
F04D0029047000	hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
F04D0029048000	magnetic; electromagnetic
F04D0029049000	Roller bearings
F04D0029050000	Shafts or bearings, or assemblies therof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
F04D0029051000	Axial thrust balancing
F04D0029052000	Axially shiftable rotors (F04D0029051000 takes precedence);;
F04D0029053000	Shafts
F04D0029054000	Arrangements for joining or assembling shafts
F04D0029056000	Bearings
F04D0029057000	hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
F04D0029058000	magnetic; electromagnetic
F04D0029059000	Roller bearings
F04D0029060000	Lubrication
F04D0029063000	specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
F04D0029080000	Sealings
F04D0029100000	Shaft sealings
F04D0029120000	using sealing-rings
F04D0029140000	operative only when pump is inoperative
F04D0029160000	between pressure and suction sides
F04D0029180000	Rotors (specially adapted for elastic fluids F04D0029260000)
F04D0029200000	Mounting rotors on shafts
F04D0029220000	specially for centrifugal pumps
F04D0029240000	Vanes
F04D0029260000	Rotors specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04D0029280000	for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps
F04D0029300000	Vanes
F04D0029320000	for axial-flow pumps
F04D0029340000	Blade mountings
F04D0029360000	adjustable
F04D0029380000	Blades
F04D0029400000	Casings; Connections for working fluid
F04D0029420000	for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
F04D0029440000	Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
F04D0029460000	adjustable
F04D0029480000	for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps
F04D0029500000	for reversing fluid flow
F04D0029520000	for axial pumps
F04D0029540000	Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
F04D0029560000	adjustable
F04D0029580000	Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
F04D0029600000	Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
F04D0029620000	of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
F04D0029640000	of axial pumps
F04D0029660000	Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration, or the like (gas-flow silencers for machines or engines in general F01N); Balancing (surge control F04D0027020000)
F04D0029680000	by influencing boundary layers
F04D0029700000	Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
F04D0031000000	Other non-positive-displacement pumps
F04D0031000000	Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time
F04D0033000000	Non-positive-displacement pumps with other than pure rotation, e.g. of oscillating type (F04D0035000000 takes precedence;hand-held fans A45B)
F04D0035000000	Pumps producing waves in liquids, i.e. wave-producers (for bath tubs A47K0003100000)
F04F	PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED (containers or packages with special means for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure B65D0083140000); SIPHONS
F04F0001000000	Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped (using only negative pressure F04F0003000000; jet pumps F04F0005000000; siphons F04F0010000000)
F04F0001020000	using both positively and negatively pressurised fluid medium, e.g. alternating
F04F0001040000	generated by vaporising and condensing
F04F0001060000	the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped (F04F0001020000 takes precedence);;
F04F0001080000	specially adapted for raising liquids from great depths, e.g. in wells
F04F0001100000	of multiple type, e.g. with two or more units in parallel (F04F0001080000 takes precedence);;
F04F0001120000	in series
F04F0001140000	adapted to pump specific liquids, e.g. corrosive or hot liquids
F04F0001160000	characterised by the fluid medium being suddenly pressurised, e.g. by explosion
F04F0001180000	the fluid medium being mixed with, or generated from, the liquid to be pumped
F04F0001200000	specially adapted for raising liquids from great depths, e.g. in wells
F04F0003000000	Pumps using negative pressure acting directly on the liquid to be pumped (siphons F04F0010000000)
F04F0005000000	Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow (diffusion pumps F04F0009000000; combination of jet pumps with pumps of other than jet type F04B; use of jet pumps for priming or boosting non-positive-displacement pumps F04D)
F04F0005020000	the inducing fluid being liquid
F04F0005040000	displacing elastic fluids
F04F0005060000	of rotary type
F04F0005080000	the elastic fluid being entrained in a free-falling column of liquid
F04F0005100000	displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
F04F0005120000	of multi-stage type
F04F0005140000	the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
F04F0005160000	displacing elastic fluids
F04F0005180000	for compressing
F04F0005200000	for evacuating
F04F0005220000	of multi-stage type
F04F0005240000	displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
F04F0005260000	of multi-stage type (F04F0005280000 takes precedence);;
F04F0005280000	Restarting of inducing action
F04F0005300000	with axially-slidable combining nozzle
F04F0005320000	with hinged flap in combining nozzle
F04F0005340000	characterised by means for changing inducing-fluid source
F04F0005360000	characterised by using specific inducing fluid
F04F0005380000	the inducing fluid being mercury vapour
F04F0005400000	the inducing fluid being oil vapour
F04F0005420000	characterised by the input flow of inducing fluid medium being radial or tangential to output flow (cyclones B04C)
F04F0005440000	Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04F0005020000-F04F0005420000
F04F0005460000	Arrangements of nozzles
F04F0005480000	Control
F04F0005500000	of compressing pumps
F04F0005520000	of evacuating pumps
F04F0005540000	Installations characterised by use of jet pumps, e.g. combinations of two or more jet pumps of different type
F04F0007000000	Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein
F04F0007020000	Hydraulic rams
F04F0009000000	Diffusion pumps
F04F0009020000	of multi-stage type
F04F0009040000	in combination with fore pumps, e.g. use of isolating valves
F04F0009060000	Arrangement of vapour traps
F04F0009080000	Control
F04F0010000000	Siphons
F04F0010020000	Gravity-actuated siphons
F04F0011000000	Other pumps (evacuating by sorption F04B)
F04F0011020000	Pressure exchangers
F15	FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
F15B	SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (motors, turbines, compressors, blowers, pumps F01-F04; fluid dynamics F15D; fluid clutches or brakes F16D; fluid springs F16F; fluid gearing F16H; pistons, cylinders, packing F16J; valves, taps, cocks, actuating-floats F16K; safety valves with auxiliary fluid operation of the main valve F16K0017100000; fluid-operating means for valves F16K0031120000; pipes, pipe joints F16L; lubricating F16N)
F15B0001000000	Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
F15B0001020000	Installations or systems with accumulators (devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems F16L0055040000)
F15B0001027000	having accumulator charging devices (control of fluid pressure in general G05D0016000000)
F15B0001033000	with electrical control means
F15B0001040000	Accumulators (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000)
F15B0001080000	using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor
F15B0001100000	with flexible separating means
F15B0001120000	attached at their periphery (F15B0001160000 takes precedence);;
F15B0001140000	by means of a rigid annular supporting member
F15B0001160000	in the form of a tube
F15B0001180000	Anti-extrusion means
F15B0001200000	fixed to the separating means
F15B0001220000	Liquid port constructions
F15B0001240000	with rigid separating means, e.g. pistons
F15B0001260000	Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
F15B0003000000	Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids
F15B0005000000	Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or ; vice versaVarying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities (F15B0009000000 takes precedence;for measuring or controlling G01, G05)
F15B0007000000	Fluid-pressure actuator systems (systems peculiar to the control of a particular machine or apparatus covered in a single other class, see the class for such machine or apparatus);;
F15B0007000000	Systems in which the movement produced is definitely related to the output of a volumetric pump; Telemotors
F15B0007020000	Systems with continuously-operating input and output apparatus
F15B0007040000	in which the ratio between pump stroke and motor stroke varies with the resistance against the motor (in brake-actuating systems for motor vehicles B60T)
F15B0007060000	Details (F15B0015000000 takes precedence);;
F15B0007080000	Input units; Master units
F15B0007100000	Compensation of the liquid content in a system (F15B0007080000 takes precedence;pressure-maintaining arrangements for brake master cylinders B60T0011228000)
F15B0009000000	Servomotors with follow-up action, i.e. in which the position of the actuated member conforms with that of the controlling member
F15B0009020000	with servomotors of the reciprocatable or oscillatable type
F15B0009030000	with electrical control means
F15B0009040000	controlled by varying the output of a pump with variable capacity
F15B0009060000	controlled by means using a fluid jet
F15B0009070000	with electrical control means
F15B0009080000	controlled by valves affecting the fluid feed or the fluid outlet of the servomotor (F15B0009060000 takes precedence);;
F15B0009090000	with electrical control means
F15B0009100000	in which the controlling element and the servomotor each controls a separate member, these members influencing different fluid passages or the same passage
F15B0009120000	in which both the controlling element and the servomotor control the same member influencing a fluid passage and are connected to that member by means of a differential gearing
F15B0009140000	with rotary servomotors
F15B0009160000	Systems essentially having two or more interacting servomotors
F15B0009170000	with electrical control means
F15B0011000000	Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action (F15B0003000000 takes precedence);;
F15B0011020000	Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or the actuating force or speed of an output member
F15B0011024000	by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
F15B0011028000	for controlling the actuating force (F15B0011024000 takes precedence);;
F15B0011032000	by means of fluid-pressure converters (fluid-pressure converters per seF15B0003000000)
F15B0011036000	by means of servomotors having a plurality of working chambers (servomotors per seF15B0015000000)
F15B0011040000	for controlling the speed (F15B0011024000 takes precedence);;
F15B0011042000	by regulating means in feed line (F15B0011046000, F15B0011050000 take precedence);;
F15B0011044000	by regulating means in return line (F15B0011046000, F15B0011050000 take precedence);;
F15B0011046000	depending on the position of the working member
F15B0011048000	with deceleration control
F15B0011050000	specially adapted to maintain constant speed, e.g. pressure-compensated, load-responsive
F15B0011060000	involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
F15B0011064000	with devices for saving the compressible medium
F15B0011068000	with valves for gradually putting pneumatic systems under pressure
F15B0011072000	Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems
F15B0011076000	with pneumatic drive or displacement and speed control or stopping by hydraulic braking
F15B0011080000	with only one servomotor
F15B0011100000	in which the servomotor position is a function of the pressure
F15B0011120000	providing distinct intermediate positions; with step-by-step action
F15B0011130000	using chambers of predetermined volume
F15B0011150000	with special provision for automatic return
F15B0011160000	with two or more servomotors
F15B0011170000	using two or more pumps
F15B0011180000	used in combination for obtaining stepwise operation of a single controlled member
F15B0011200000	controlling several interacting or sequentially-operating members (fluid distribution or supply devices for the control of two or more servomotors F15B0013060000)
F15B0011220000	Synchronisation of the movement of two or more servomotors
F15B0013000000	Details of servomotor systems (F15B0015000000 takes precedence);;
F15B0013010000	Locking-valves or other detent devices (associated with the actuator F15B0015260000)
F15B0013020000	Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors (multiple-way valves F16K0011000000)
F15B0013040000	for use with a single servomotor
F15B0013042000	operated by fluid pressure
F15B0013043000	with electrically-controlled pilot valves
F15B0013044000	operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors
F15B0013060000	for use with two or more servomotors
F15B0013070000	in distinct sequence
F15B0013080000	Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
F15B0013100000	Special arrangements for operating the actuated device without using fluid pressure, e.g. for emergency use
F15B0013120000	Special measures for increasing the sensitivity of the system
F15B0013140000	Special measures for giving the operator by sense of touch the immediate response of the actuated device
F15B0013160000	Special measures for feedback
F15B0015000000	Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another (motors for continuous movement F01-F03); Gearing associated therewith
F15B0015020000	Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member
F15B0015040000	with oscillating cylinder
F15B0015060000	for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non-rectilinear movement
F15B0015080000	characterised by the construction of the motor unit (pistons, cylinders, packing F16J)
F15B0015100000	the motor being of diaphragm type (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000; diaphragms, bellows F16J0003000000)
F15B0015120000	of the oscillating-vane or curved-cylinder type
F15B0015140000	of the straight-cylinder type
F15B0015160000	of the telescopic type
F15B0015170000	of differential-piston type
F15B0015180000	Combined units comprising both motor and pump
F15B0015190000	Pyrotechnical actuators
F15B0015200000	Other details
F15B0015220000	for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
F15B0015240000	for restricting the stroke
F15B0015260000	Locking mechanisms
F15B0015280000	Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
F15B0017000000	Combinations of telemotor and servomotor systems
F15B0017020000	in which a telemotor operates the control member of a servomotor
F15B0018000000	Parallel arrangements of independent servomotor systems
F15B0019000000	Testing fluid-pressure systems or apparatus, so far as not provided for elsewhere
F15B0020000000	Safety arrangements; Applications of safety devices (safety devices in general F16P); Emergency measures
F15B0021000000	Common features; Fluid-pressure systems, or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
F15B0021020000	Servomotor systems with programme control derived from a store or timing device; Control devices therefor
F15B0021040000	Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid, e.g. for venting, compensating for changes of viscosity, cooling, filtering, preventing churning
F15B0021060000	Use of special fluids, e.g. liquid metal; Special adaptations of fluid-pressure systems, or control of elements therefor, to the use of such fluids
F15B0021080000	Servomotor systems incorporating electrically- operated control means (F15B0021020000 takes precedence);;
F15B0021100000	Delay devices or arrangements (associated with fluid motors or actuators F15B0015220000)
F15B0021120000	Fluid oscillators or pulse generators (fluid oscillators predominantly used for computing or control purposes F15C0001220000, F15C0003160000)
F15B0021140000	Energy-recuperation means (for vehicles B60T0001100000)
F15C	FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES (transducers F15B0005000000; fluid dynamics in general F15D; computers comprising fluid elements G06D, G06G)
F15C0001000000	Circuit elements having no moving parts
F15C0001020000	Details
F15C0001040000	Means for controlling fluid streams to fluid devices, e.g. by electric signals
F15C0001060000	Constructional details; Selection of specified materials
F15C0001080000	Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers
F15C0001100000	for digital operation, e.g. to form a logical flip-flop, OR-gate, NOR-gate
F15C0001120000	Multiple arrangements thereof for performing operations of the same kind, e.g. majority gates, identity gates
F15C0001140000	Stream-interaction devices; Momentum-exchange devices, e.g. operating by exchange between two orthogonal fluid jets
F15C0001160000	Vortex devices, i.e. devices in which use is made of the pressure drop associated with vortex motion in a fluid
F15C0001180000	Turbulence devices, i.e. devices in which a controlling stream will cause a laminar flow to become turbulent
F15C0001200000	Direct-impact devices, i.e. devices in which two collinear opposing power streams are impacted
F15C0001220000	Oscillators
F15C0003000000	Circuit elements having moving parts (valves, construction of valves F16K)
F15C0003020000	using spool valves
F15C0003040000	using diaphragms (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000)
F15C0003060000	using balls
F15C0003080000	using reeds
F15C0003100000	using nozzles or jet pipes
F15C0003120000	the nozzle or jet pipe being movable
F15C0003140000	the jet from the nozzle being intercepted by a flap
F15C0003160000	Oscillators
F15C0004000000	Circuit elements characterised by their special functions
F15C0005000000	Manufacture of fluid-circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements
F15C0007000000	Hybrid elements, i.e. circuit elements having features according to groups ; F15C0001000000 and F15C0003000000
F15D	FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS (fluid-circuit elements F15C)
F15D0001000000	Influencing the flow of fluids
F15D0001020000	in pipes or conduits
F15D0001040000	Arrangements of guide vanes in pipe elbows or duct bends; Construction of pipe conduit elements or elbows with respect to flow, specially for reducing losses of flow
F15D0001060000	by influencing the boundary layer
F15D0001080000	of jets leaving an orifice (nozzles or outlets with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet B05B, e.g. B05B0001260000)
F15D0001100000	around bodies of solid material
F15D0001120000	by influencing the boundary layer
F15D0001140000	Diverting flow into alternative channels (in hydraulic engineering E02B)
F16	ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
F16B	DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
F16B0001000000	Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
F16B0001020000	Means for securing elements of mechanisms after operation (means for bringing members to rest F16D)
F16B0001040000	disengaged by movement of the actuating member of the element (locking of actuators G05G, e.g. G05G0005000000)
F16B0002000000	Fastenings for constructional elements or machine parts in general (couplings for transmitting rotation F16D)
F16B0002000000	Friction-grip releasable fastenings (for cables or ropes, e.g. cleats, F16G0011000000; supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing F16L0003000000)
F16B0002020000	Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
F16B0002040000	internal, i.e. with spreading action (F16B0002140000-F16B0002180000;  take precedence);;
F16B0002060000	external, i.e. with contracting action (F16B0002140000-F16B0002180000;  take precedence);;
F16B0002080000	using bands (clips for connecting hoses to rigid members F16L0033020000)
F16B0002100000	using pivoting jaws
F16B0002120000	using sliding jaws
F16B0002140000	using wedges
F16B0002160000	using rollers or balls
F16B0002180000	using cams, levers, eccentrics, or toggles
F16B0002200000	Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
F16B0002220000	of resilient material, e.g. rubbery material
F16B0002240000	of metal
F16B0002260000	of pliable non-resilient material, e.g. plant tie
F16B0003000000	Key-type connections; Keys (F16B0002000000 takes precedence;for rods or tubes mutually F16B0007000000)
F16B0003040000	using keys formed of wire or other flexible material, to be inserted through an opening giving access to grooves in the adjacent surfaces of the parts to be connected
F16B0003060000	using taper sleeves
F16B0004000000	Shrinkage connection, e.g. assembled with the parts at different temperature; Force fits (restricted to metal parts or objects B23P0011020000); Non-releasable friction-grip fastenings (F16B0002000000 takes precedence);;
F16B0005000000	Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them (by sticking together F16B0011000000; dowel connections F16B0013000000; pins, including deformable elements F16B0019000000; covering of walls E04F0013000000; fastening signs, plates, panels, or boards to a supporting structure, fastening readily-detachable elements, e.g. letters, to signs, plates, panels, or boards, G09F0007000000)
F16B0005010000	by means of fastening elements specially adapted for honeycomb panels
F16B0005020000	by means of fastening members using screw-thread (construction of screw-threaded connections F16B0025000000-F16B0039000000)
F16B0005040000	by means of riveting (rivets F16B0019040000)
F16B0005060000	by means of clamps or clips (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000)
F16B0005070000	by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils
F16B0005080000	by means of welds or the like (welding B23K)
F16B0005100000	by means of bayonet connections (fastening devices locking by rotation F16B0021020000)
F16B0005120000	Fastening strips or bars to sheets or plates, e.g. rubber strips, decorative strips for motor vehicles, by means of clips (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000; fastening rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle F16B0009000000; clips for connecting hoses to rigid members F16L0033020000)
F16B0007000000	Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections (umbrella frames A45B0025020000; welding or soldering of connections B23K; vehicle connections in general B60D; railway couplings B61G; bicycle frames B62K; couplings for transmitting rotation F16D; couplings for tubes conveying fluid F16L)
F16B0007020000	with conical parts
F16B0007040000	Clamping or clipping connections (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000)
F16B0007060000	Turnbuckles (for cables, ropes, or wire F16G0011120000)
F16B0007080000	Pipe saddles (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000)
F16B0007100000	Telescoping systems (for scaffolding E04G0025040000; telescope props for mining E21D0015140000-E21D0015460000; stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon F16M0011000000)
F16B0007120000	locking only in extreme extended position
F16B0007140000	locking in intermediate positions
F16B0007160000	locking only against movement in one direction
F16B0007180000	using screw-thread elements
F16B0007200000	using bayonet connections
F16B0007220000	using hooks or like elements
F16B0009000000	Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000; making press-fit connections B23P0011000000, B23P0019000000; fluid-tight connecting of pipes to reservoirs, sheets, or the like F16L, e.g. joining pipes to walls F16L0041000000; supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing F16L0003000000)
F16B0009020000	Detachable connections
F16B0011000000	Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding (non-electric welding in general B23K; methods of using adhesives independently of the form of the surfaces joined C09J0005000000)
F16B0012000000	Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior (F16B0002000000-F16B0011000000;  take precedence;fastening means per seF16B0013000000-F16B0047000000; wood-working B27)
F16B0012020000	Joints between panels and corner posts
F16B0012040000	Non-loosenable joints for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. glued
F16B0012060000	Non-loosenable joints for metal furniture parts
F16B0012080000	without use of separate connecting elements
F16B0012100000	using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like (glued F16B0012040000; fastening means per seF16B0015000000-F16B0047000000)
F16B0012120000	for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics
F16B0012140000	using threaded bolts or screws
F16B0012160000	using self-tapping screws
F16B0012180000	using drawing bars
F16B0012200000	using clamps, clips, wedges, sliding bolts, or the like
F16B0012220000	using keyhole-shaped slots and pins
F16B0012240000	using separate pins, dowels, or the like
F16B0012260000	using snap-action elements
F16B0012280000	for metal furniture parts
F16B0012300000	using threaded bolts
F16B0012320000	using clamps, clips, wedges, sliding bolts, or the like
F16B0012340000	using keyhole-shaped slots and pins
F16B0012360000	using separate pins, dowels, or the like
F16B0012380000	using snap-action elements
F16B0012400000	Joints for furniture tubing
F16B0012420000	connecting furniture tubing to non-tubular parts
F16B0012440000	Leg joints; Corner joints
F16B0012460000	Non-metal corner connections
F16B0012480000	Non-metal leg connections (F16B0012460000 takes precedence);;
F16B0012500000	Metal corner connections
F16B0012520000	Metal leg connections (F16B0012500000 takes precedence);;
F16B0012540000	Fittings for bedsteads or the like
F16B0012560000	Brackets for bedsteads; Coupling joints consisting of bolts or the like; Latches therefor
F16B0012580000	Tapered connectors for bed rails
F16B0012600000	Fittings for detachable side panels
F16B0013000000	Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose (nails F16B0015000000; self-locking pins or bolts in general, stud-and-socket releasable fastenings F16B0021000000; dowels or bolts for railroad sleepers E01B0009000000; means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads specially adapted to foundation engineering E02D0005740000; bolts or dowels used while laying bricks or casting concrete E04B0001380000; setting anchoring bolts in shafts, tunnels or galleries E21D0020000000; anchoring bolts for shafts, tunnels or galleries E21D0021000000)
F16B0013020000	in one piece with protrusions or ridges on the shaft
F16B0013040000	with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000)
F16B0013060000	combined with expanding sleeve
F16B0013080000	with separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
F16B0013100000	with separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device by a separate operation (F16B0013060000 takes precedence);;
F16B0013120000	Separate metal dowel sleeves fastened by inserting the screw, nail, or the like
F16B0013130000	self-cutting
F16B0013140000	Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
F16B0015000000	Fastening means without screw-thread (horseshoe nails A01L0007100000; nails for footwear A43B0023200000; thumb-tacks B43M0015000000; for building constructions E04B0001380000; for hand railings E04F0011180000; for fencing E04H0017000000)
F16B0015000000	Nails; Staples (surgical staples A61B0017064000; manufacture of nails or staples B21G; railway spikes E01B0009060000)
F16B0015020000	with specially shaped heads, e.g. with enlarged surfaces (ornaments for furniture A47B0095040000; removable ornamental heads for nails A47G0003000000)
F16B0015040000	with spreading shaft
F16B0015060000	with barbs, e.g. for metal parts; Drive screws
F16B0015080000	formed in integral series but easily separable
F16B0017000000	Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other (construction of bolts, pins, or rivets F16B0019000000; riveting F16B0019040000; means for preventing withdrawal of a pin, spigot, or the like from its operative position, stud-and-socket releasable fastenings F16B0021000000)
F16B0019000000	Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements (in screwed connections F16B0029000000); Rivets (means for preventing withdrawal F16B0021000000)
F16B0019020000	Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
F16B0019040000	Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting (lead seals G09F0003000000)
F16B0019050000	Bolts fastening by swaged-on collars (F16B0019080000 takes precedence);;
F16B0019060000	Solid rivets made in one piece
F16B0019080000	Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
F16B0019100000	fastened by expanding mechanically
F16B0019120000	fastened by fluid pressure, including by explosion (bolts shot by means of detonation-operated nailing tools into concrete constructions, metal walls, or the like F16B0019140000)
F16B0019140000	Bolts or the like for shooting into concrete constructions, metal walls, or the like by means of detonation-operated nailing tools (tools therefor B25C, B27F)
F16B0021000000	Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft, or the like and a member surrounding it (riveted or deformable spigots F16B0019040000; for gudgeon pins F16J0001180000); Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
F16B0021020000	Releasable fastening devices locking by rotation (with snap action F16B0021060000; studs or coupling-pins with resilient protrusions F16B0021080000)
F16B0021040000	with bayonet catch
F16B0021060000	Releasable fastening devices with snap action
F16B0021070000	in which the socket has a resilient part
F16B0021080000	in which the stud, pin, or spigot has a resilient part (wall-dowels F16B0013000000)
F16B0021090000	Releasable fastening devices with a stud engaging a keyhole slot
F16B0021100000	by separate parts (key-type connection F16B0003000000; locking screws or nuts against rotation by such means F16B0039040000)
F16B0021120000	with locking-pins or split-pins thrust into holes
F16B0021140000	Details of locking-pins or split-pins
F16B0021160000	with grooves or notches in the pin or shaft
F16B0021180000	with circlips or like resilient retaining devices; Details (spring-washers for locking nuts F16B0039240000; adjusting-rings F16B0043000000)
F16B0021200000	for bolts or shafts without holes, grooves, or notches for locking members
F16B0023000000	Fastening means using screw-thread (wall-dowels F16B0013000000; manufacture of threaded fastening means B21H, B21K, B23G; screws or bolts for railway sleepers E01B0009100000; screw mechanisms F16H)
F16B0023000000	Specially-shaped heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
F16B0025000000	Screws that form threads in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws, self-tapping screws
F16B0025020000	by a cutting and material removing action, e.g. fluted self-tapping screws
F16B0025040000	by a slicing and material displacing action, e.g. wood screws with sharp thread crests
F16B0025060000	by swaging, i.e. material deforming action
F16B0025080000	by a combination of any two or all of the actions provided for in groups ; F16B0025020000-F16B0025060000
F16B0025100000	Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws
F16B0027000000	Bolts, screws, or nuts formed in integral series but easily separable, particularly for use in automatic machines
F16B0029000000	Screwed connection with deformation of nut or auxiliary member while fastening (members deformed for locking screws, bolts or nuts F16B0039220000)
F16B0031000000	Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts (shape of thread F16B0033040000)
F16B0031020000	for indicating or limiting tensile load
F16B0031040000	for maintaining constant tensile load
F16B0031060000	having regard to possibility of fatigue rupture
F16B0033000000	Features common to bolt and nut
F16B0033020000	Shape of thread; Special thread-forms (used as screw-locking device F16B0039300000)
F16B0033040000	in view of tensile load
F16B0033060000	Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure
F16B0035000000	Screw-bolts; Stay bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws (thread-cutting screws F16B0025000000)
F16B0035020000	divided longitudinally
F16B0035040000	with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object (locking the bolt against turning in the object by the use of accessory parts F16B0039000000)
F16B0035060000	Specially-shaped heads (special shape in order to rotate the bolt F16B0023000000)
F16B0037000000	Nuts or like thread-engaging members
F16B0037020000	made of thin sheet material (fastening to surfaces F16B0037040000)
F16B0037040000	Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
F16B0037060000	by means of welding or riveting
F16B0037080000	Quickly-detachable nuts, e.g. consisting of two or more parts; Nuts movable along the bolt after tilting the nut
F16B0037100000	divided parallel or about parallel to the bolt axis
F16B0037120000	with thread-engaging surfaces formed by inserted coil-springs, discs, or the like; Independent pieces of wound wire used as nuts; Threaded inserts for holes
F16B0037140000	Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
F16B0037160000	Wing nuts (F16B0037140000 takes precedence);;
F16B0039000000	Locking of screws, bolts, or nuts (locking of bottle closures B65D; locking of rail-fastening bolts for permanent ways E01B0009120000; locking of fastening means for railway fishplates E01B0011380000; locking devices for valves or cocks F16K)
F16B0039010000	specially adapted to prevent loosening at extreme temperatures
F16B0039020000	in which the locking takes place after screwing down (F16B0039010000 takes precedence;split-pins, circlips, or the like for preventing relative axial movement only F16B0021100000; fastening nuts by welding or riveting F16B0037060000)
F16B0039040000	with a member penetrating the screw-threaded surface of at least one part, e.g. a pin, wedge, cotter-pin, screw
F16B0039060000	with a pin or staple parallel to the bolt axis
F16B0039080000	with a cap interacting with the nut, connected to the bolt by a pin or cotter-pin
F16B0039100000	by a plate or ring immovable with regard to the bolt or object (F16B0039080000 takes precedence);;
F16B0039120000	by means of locknuts
F16B0039140000	made of thin sheet material or formed as spring washers (locknuts per se made of thin sheet material F16B0037020000)
F16B0039160000	in which the screw-thread of the locknut differs from that of the nut
F16B0039180000	in which the locknut grips with screw-thread in the nuts as well as on the bolt
F16B0039200000	by means of steel wire or the like (F16B0039100000 takes precedence);;
F16B0039220000	in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening (F16B0039010000 takes precedence);;
F16B0039240000	by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object (locking to the screw-thread F16B0039140000, F16B0039360000)
F16B0039260000	with spring washers fastened to the nut or bolt-head
F16B0039280000	by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt (F16B0039260000 takes precedence;locknuts F16B0039120000)
F16B0039282000	Locking by means of special shape of work-engaging surfaces, e.g. notched or toothed nuts
F16B0039284000	Locking by means of elastic deformation (F16B0039380000 takes precedence);;
F16B0039286000	caused by saw cuts
F16B0039300000	Locking exclusively by special shape of the screw-thread
F16B0039320000	Locking by means of a pawl or pawl-like tongue
F16B0039340000	Locking by deformable inserts or like parts
F16B0039360000	with conical locking parts, which may be split, including use of separate rings co-operating therewith
F16B0039380000	with a second part of the screw-thread which may be resiliently mounted (F16B0039300000 takes precedence);;
F16B0041000000	Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts, or pins (seals G09F0003000000)
F16B0043000000	Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts (circlips F16B0021180000; with special means for locking bolts or nuts F16B0039100000, F16B0039240000)
F16B0043020000	with special provisions for engaging surfaces which are not perpendicular to a bolt axis or do not surround the bolt
F16B0045000000	Hooks; Eyes (if the attaching parts or means are concerned, groups F16B0013000000, F16B0015000000, F16B0019000000, F16B0025000000, F16B0035000000, F16B0047000000 take precedence;for hanging pictures or the like A47G0001160000; towing hooks for ships B63B0021580000; for hoisting or hauling purposes B66C; hooks or eyes with integral parts designed to facilitate quick attachment to cables or ropes at any point F16G0011140000)
F16B0045020000	Hooks with pivoting closing member
F16B0045040000	Hooks with sliding closing member
F16B0045060000	Hooks with two symmetrically-pivoting hook parts
F16B0047000000	Suction cups for attaching purposes; Equivalent means using adhesives
F16C	SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
F16C0001000000	Flexible shafts (flexible shafts in dental machines for boring or cutting A61C0001180000); Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing
F16C0001020000	for conveying rotary movements
F16C0001040000	Articulated shafts
F16C0001060000	with guiding-sheathing, tube, or box (F16C0001040000 takes precedence;guiding-sheathings F16C0001260000)
F16C0001080000	End connections
F16C0001100000	Means for transmitting linear movement in a flexible sheathing, e.g. "Bowden mechanisms" (guiding-sheathings F16C0001260000)
F16C0001120000	Arrangements for transmitting movement to or from the flexible member
F16C0001140000	Construction of the end-piece of the flexible member; Attachment thereof to the flexible member
F16C0001160000	in which the end-piece is guided rectilinearly
F16C0001180000	in which the end portion of the flexible member is laid along a curved surface of a pivoted member
F16C0001200000	Construction of flexible members moved to and fro in the sheathing
F16C0001220000	Adjusting; Compensating length
F16C0001240000	Lubrication; Lubricating equipment
F16C0001260000	Construction of guiding-sheathings or guiding-tubes
F16C0001280000	with built-in bearings
F16C0003000000	Shafts (flexible shafts F16C0001000000; marine propeller shafts, paddle wheel shafts B63H0023340000); Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
F16C0003020000	Shafts; Axles
F16C0003030000	telescopic (axially displaceable couplings F16D0003060000)
F16C0003035000	with built-in bearings
F16C0003040000	Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
F16C0003060000	Crankshafts
F16C0003080000	made in one piece (features relating to lubrication F16C0003140000, to cooling F16C0003160000)
F16C0003100000	assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding
F16C0003120000	releasably connected
F16C0003140000	Features relating to lubrication
F16C0003160000	Features relating to cooling
F16C0003180000	Eccentric-shafts
F16C0003200000	Shape of crankshafts or eccentric-shafts having regard to balancing
F16C0003220000	Cranks; Eccentrics (constructional features of crank-pins F16C0011020000)
F16C0003240000	with return cranks, i.e. a second crank carried by the crank-pin
F16C0003260000	Elastic crank-webs; Resiliently-mounted crank-pins (elastic connecting-rods F16C0007040000)
F16C0003280000	Adjustable cranks or eccentrics (adjustable crank mechanisms F16H0021200000)
F16C0003300000	with arrangements for overcoming dead-centres
F16C0005000000	Crossheads; Constructions of connecting-rod heads or piston-rod connections rigid with crossheads (piston-rods, i.e. rods rigidly connected to the piston, F16J0007000000)
F16C0007000000	Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends (coupling-rods for locomotive driving-wheels B61C; inhibiting shift in gearing during unfavourable conditions F16H0061160000); Construction of connecting-rod heads (heads rigid with crossheads F16C0005000000)
F16C0007020000	Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
F16C0007040000	with elastic intermediate part or fluid cushion
F16C0007060000	Adjustable connecting-rods
F16C0007080000	made from sheet metal
F16C0009000000	Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods (lubrication of connecting-rods in connection with crankshafts F16C0003140000; connections to crossheads F16C0005000000, to pistons F16J0001140000)
F16C0009020000	Crankshaft bearings
F16C0009030000	Arrangements for adjusting play
F16C0009040000	Connecting-rod bearings; Attachment thereof
F16C0009060000	Arrangements for adjusting play in bearings, operating either automatically or not (bearings adjustable for play in general F16C0025000000)
F16C0011000000	Pivots; Pivotal connections (arrangements of steering linkage connections B62D0007160000)
F16C0011020000	Trunnions; Crank-pins (fastening crank-pins to webs, crank-pins integral with cranks F16C0003060000, F16C0003220000)
F16C0011040000	Pivotal connections (hinges for doors, windows or wings E05D; rubber springs with stiff outer sleeve and inner sleeve or pin F16F0001380000)
F16C0011060000	Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints (for transmitting rotary motion F16D0003000000; supports for apparatus with ball-joint heads F16M0011140000)
F16C0011080000	with resilient bearings
F16C0011100000	Arrangements for locking
F16C0011120000	incorporating flexible connections, e.g. leaf springs
F16C0013000000	Rolls, drums, discs, or the like (guide rollers in feeding webs B65H0027000000; calender rolls, bearings therefor D21G0001020000; pulleys F16H0055000000; rotary drums or rollers for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus F28F0005020000; special adaptations, see the relevant classes);Bearings or mountings therefor
F16C0013020000	Bearings
F16C0013040000	Bearings with only partial enclosure of the member to be borne; Bearings with local support at two or more points
F16C0013060000	self-adjusting
F16C0015000000	Construction of rotary bodies to resist centrifugal force (flywheels, correction weights F16F0015300000, F16F0015320000)
F16C0017000000	Bearings for rotary parts (F16C0009000000, F16C0013020000 take precedence;allowing for linear movement also F16C0031000000)
F16C0017000000	Sliding-contact bearings (F16C0032060000 takes precedence;adjustable bearings F16C0023000000, F16C0025000000)
F16C0017020000	for radial load only
F16C0017030000	with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
F16C0017040000	for axial load only
F16C0017060000	with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
F16C0017080000	for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
F16C0017100000	for both radial and axial load
F16C0017120000	characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
F16C0017140000	specially adapted for operating in water
F16C0017180000	with floating brasses or bushes, rotatable at a reduced speed
F16C0017200000	with emergency supports or bearings
F16C0017220000	with arrangements compensating for thermal expansion
F16C0017240000	with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
F16C0017260000	Systems consisting of a plurality of sliding-contact bearings
F16C0019000000	Bearings with rolling contact (adjustable bearings F16C0023000000, F16C0025000000)
F16C0019020000	with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
F16C0019040000	for radial load mainly
F16C0019060000	with a single row of balls
F16C0019080000	with two or more rows of balls
F16C0019100000	for axial load mainly
F16C0019120000	for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
F16C0019140000	for both radial and axial load
F16C0019160000	with a single row of balls
F16C0019180000	with two or more rows of balls
F16C0019200000	with loose spacing bodies, e.g. balls, between the bearing balls
F16C0019220000	with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
F16C0019240000	for radial load mainly
F16C0019260000	with a single row of rollers
F16C0019280000	with two or more rows of rollers
F16C0019300000	for axial load mainly
F16C0019320000	for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
F16C0019340000	for both radial and axial load
F16C0019360000	with a single row of rollers
F16C0019380000	with two or more rows of rollers
F16C0019400000	with loose spacing bodies between the rollers
F16C0019440000	Needle bearings
F16C0019460000	with one row of needles
F16C0019480000	with two or more rows of needles
F16C0019490000	Bearings with both balls and rollers
F16C0019500000	Other types of ball or roller bearings
F16C0019520000	with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
F16C0019540000	Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction (spindle bearings F16C0035080000)
F16C0019550000	with intermediate floating rings rotating at reduced speed
F16C0019560000	in which the rolling bodies of one bearing differ in diameter from those of another
F16C0021000000	Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings (F16C0017240000, F16C0019520000 take precedence);;
F16C0023000000	Bearings adjustable for aligning or positioning (F16C0027000000 takes precedence);;
F16C0023020000	Sliding-contact bearings
F16C0023040000	self-adjusting
F16C0023060000	Ball or roller bearings
F16C0023080000	self-adjusting
F16C0023100000	Bearings, parts of which are eccentrically adjustable with respect to each other
F16C0025000000	Bearings adjustable for wear or play (F16C0027000000 takes precedence);;
F16C0025020000	Sliding-contact bearings
F16C0025040000	self-adjusting
F16C0025060000	Ball or roller bearings
F16C0025080000	self-adjusting
F16C0027000000	Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports (shock-damping bearings for watches or clocks G04B0031020000)
F16C0027020000	Sliding-contact bearings
F16C0027040000	Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
F16C0027060000	by means of parts of rubber or like materials (F16C0027080000 takes precedence;with sliding surfaces of rubber or synthetic rubber F16C0033220000; construction of units comprising rigid inner and outer members with rubber or the like between them F16F0001380000)
F16C0027080000	primarily for axial load, e.g. for vertically-arranged shafts
F16C0029000000	Other bearings
F16C0029000000	Bearings for parts moving only linearly (F16C0032060000 takes precedence;incorporated in flexible shafts F16C0001280000)
F16C0029020000	Sliding-contact bearings
F16C0029040000	Ball or roller bearings
F16C0029060000	in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load
F16C0029080000	Arrangements for covering or protecting the ways
F16C0029100000	Arrangements for locking the bearings (preventing relative movement between machine parts in general F16B, e.g. F16B0001000000)
F16C0029120000	Arrangements for adjusting play
F16C0031000000	Bearings for parts which both rotate and move linearly
F16C0031020000	Sliding-contact bearings
F16C0031040000	Ball or roller bearings
F16C0031060000	in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load
F16C0032000000	Bearings not otherwise provided for
F16C0032020000	Knife-edge bearings
F16C0032040000	using magnetic or electric supporting means
F16C0032060000	with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
F16C0033000000	Details or accessories of bearings
F16C0033000000	Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof (metal-working or like operations, see the relevant classes);;
F16C0033020000	Parts of sliding-contact bearings
F16C0033040000	Brasses; Bushes; Linings
F16C0033060000	Sliding surface mainly made of metal (F16C0033240000-F16C0033280000;  take precedence);;
F16C0033080000	Attachment of brasses, bushes, or linings to the bearing housing
F16C0033100000	Construction relative to lubrication
F16C0033120000	Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing (the materials or treatments themselves, see the relevant places, e.g. C22C)
F16C0033140000	Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
F16C0033160000	Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite
F16C0033180000	Sliding surface consisting mainly of wood or fibrous material
F16C0033200000	Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics (F16C0033220000-F16C0033280000;  take precedence);;
F16C0033220000	Sliding surface consisting mainly of rubber or synthetic rubber (F16C0033240000-F16C0033280000;  take precedence;of interest apart from the surface itself F16C0027060000)
F16C0033240000	with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials
F16C0033260000	made from wire coils; made from a number of discs, rings, rods, or other members
F16C0033280000	with embedded reinforcements shaped as frames or meshed materials
F16C0033300000	Parts of ball or roller bearings
F16C0033320000	Balls
F16C0033340000	Rollers; Needles
F16C0033360000	with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
F16C0033370000	Loose spacing bodies
F16C0033372000	rigid
F16C0033374000	resilient
F16C0033380000	Ball cages
F16C0033400000	for multiple rows of balls
F16C0033410000	comb-shaped
F16C0033420000	made from wire or sheet-metal strips (F16C0033400000, F16C0033410000 take precedence);;
F16C0033440000	Selection of substances (F16C0033400000, F16C0033410000 take precedence);;
F16C0033460000	Cages for rollers or needles
F16C0033480000	for multiple rows of rollers or needles
F16C0033490000	comb-shaped
F16C0033500000	formed of interconnected members, e.g. chains
F16C0033510000	formed of unconnected members
F16C0033520000	with no part entering between, or touching, the bearing surfaces of the rollers (F16C0033500000 takes precedence);;
F16C0033540000	made from wire, strips, or sheet metal (F16C0033480000, F16C0033490000 take precedence);;
F16C0033560000	Selection of substances (F16C0033480000, F16C0033490000 take precedence);;
F16C0033580000	Raceways; Race rings
F16C0033600000	divided
F16C0033610000	formed by wires
F16C0033620000	Selection of substances
F16C0033640000	Special methods of manufacture
F16C0033660000	Special parts or details in view of lubrication
F16C0033720000	Sealings (sealings in general F16J)
F16C0033740000	of sliding-contact bearings
F16C0033760000	of ball or roller bearings
F16C0033780000	with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
F16C0033800000	Labyrinth sealings
F16C0033820000	Arrangements for electrostatic or magnetic action against dust or other particles
F16C0035000000	Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers (F16C0023000000 takes precedence;elastic or yielding supports F16C0027000000)
F16C0035020000	in the case of sliding-contact bearings
F16C0035040000	in the case of ball or roller bearings
F16C0035060000	Mounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing (hand-tools for inserting or withdrawing sleeves or ball races B25B0027060000)
F16C0035063000	Fixing them on the shaft (with interposition of an element F16C0035070000)
F16C0035067000	Fixing them in a housing (with interposition of an element F16C0035070000)
F16C0035070000	Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
F16C0035073000	between shaft and inner race ring
F16C0035077000	between housing and outer race ring
F16C0035078000	using pressure fluid as mounting aid
F16C0035080000	for spindles
F16C0035100000	with sliding-contact bearings
F16C0035120000	with ball or roller bearings
F16C0037000000	Cooling of bearings
F16C0039000000	Relieving load on bearings
F16C0039020000	using mechanical means
F16C0039040000	using hydraulic or pneumatic means
F16C0039060000	using magnetic means
F16C0041000000	Other accessories
F16C0041020000	Arrangements for equalising the load on a plurality of bearings or their elements
F16C0041040000	Preventing damage to bearings during storage or transport thereof or when otherwise out of use
F16C0043000000	Assembling bearings
F16C0043020000	Assembling sliding-contact bearings
F16C0043040000	Assembling rolling contact bearings
F16C0043060000	Placing rolling bodies in cages or bearings
F16C0043080000	by deforming the cages or the races
F16D	COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
F16D0001000000	Couplings (fluid couplings F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000; couplings or joints specially adapted for deep-drilling rods or sucker rods E21B; for transmitting motion through a wall without relatively-moving surfaces F16J0015500000)
F16D0001000000	Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements (attachment of wheels to axles for railway carriages B60B; for attachment of cranks to their shafts F16C0003100000)
F16D0001020000	for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
F16D0001027000	non-disconnectable, e.g. involving gluing, welding or the like
F16D0001033000	by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges
F16D0001040000	with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
F16D0001050000	with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces
F16D0001060000	for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end (attachment of marine propellers on shafts B63H0023340000)
F16D0001064000	non-disconnectable
F16D0001068000	involving gluing, welding or the like
F16D0001072000	involving plastic deformation (plastic welding F16D0001068000)
F16D0001076000	by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges
F16D0001080000	with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
F16D0001090000	with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces
F16D0001091000	and comprising a chamber including a tapered piston moved axially by fluid pressure to effect clamping
F16D0001092000	the pair of conical mating surfaces being provided on the coupled hub and shaft
F16D0001093000	using one or more elastic or segmented conical rings forming at least one of the conical surfaces, the rings being expanded or contracted to effect clamping (F16D0001091000 takes precedence);;
F16D0001094000	using one or more pairs of elastic or segmented rings with mutually mating conical surfaces, one of the mating rings being contracted and the other being expanded
F16D0001095000	with clamping effected by ring contraction only
F16D0001096000	the ring or rings being located between the shaft and the hub
F16D0001097000	with clamping effected by ring expansion only, e.g. with an expanded ring located between hub and shaft
F16D0001100000	Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
F16D0001104000	having retaining means rotating with the coupling and acting only by friction
F16D0001108000	having retaining means rotating with the coupling and acting by interengaging parts, i.e. positive coupling
F16D0001112000	the interengaging parts comprising torque-transmitting surfaces, e.g. bayonet joints
F16D0001116000	the interengaging parts including a continuous or interrupted circumferential groove in the surface of one of the coupling parts (circlips for retaining hubs on shafts F16B0021180000)
F16D0001120000	allowing adjustment of the parts about the axis (during motion F16D0003100000)
F16D0003000000	Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive (couplings disconnectable simply by axial movement F16D0001100000; slip couplings F16D0007000000)
F16D0003020000	adapted to specific functions (universal joints, see the appropriate groups);;
F16D0003040000	specially adapted to allow radial displacement, e.g. Oldham couplings
F16D0003060000	specially adapted to allow axial displacement
F16D0003080000	Couplings for intersecting shafts, provided with intermediate bars bent in an angle corresponding with the angle of intersection
F16D0003100000	Couplings with means for varying the angular relationship of two coaxial shafts during motion
F16D0003120000	specially adapted for accumulation of energy to absorb shocks or vibration (by making use of fluid elements F16D0003800000)
F16D0003140000	combined with a friction coupling for damping vibration or absorbing shock
F16D0003160000	Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
F16D0003180000	the coupling parts having slidably-interengaging teeth
F16D0003190000	of resilient material or structure
F16D0003200000	one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members (F16D0003180000, F16D0003240000 take precedence);;
F16D0003202000	one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
F16D0003205000	the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
F16D0003207000	the pins extending radially inwardly from the coupling part
F16D0003220000	the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
F16D0003221000	the rolling members being located in sockets in one of the coupling parts
F16D0003223000	the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts, e.g. Rzeppa joints
F16D0003224000	the groove centre-lines on each coupling part lying on a sphere
F16D0003226000	the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
F16D0003227000	the joints being telescopic
F16D0003229000	Prismatic coupling parts having each groove centre-line lying on planes parallel to the axis of the respective coupling part (F16D0003224000, F16D0003226000 take precedence);;
F16D0003240000	comprising balls, rollers, or the like, between overlapping driving faces, e.g. cogs, on both coupling parts
F16D0003260000	Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slideably connected (F16D0003180000, F16D0003200000 take precedence);;
F16D0003270000	with two or more intermediate members pivotally or slidably connected together, e.g. tongue-and-slipper type joints
F16D0003280000	in which the interconnecting pivots include elastic members
F16D0003300000	in which the coupling is specially adapted to constant velocity-ratio
F16D0003320000	by the provision of two intermediate members each having two relatively- perpendicular trunnions or bearings
F16D0003330000	with ball or roller bearings
F16D0003340000	parts being connected by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs
F16D0003360000	in which each pivot between the coupling parts and the intermediate member comprises a single ball
F16D0003380000	with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another (F16D0003360000 takes precedence);;
F16D0003400000	with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
F16D0003410000	with ball or roller bearings
F16D0003420000	with ring-shaped intermediate member provided with bearings or inwardly-directed trunnions
F16D0003430000	with ball or roller bearings
F16D0003440000	the intermediate member being connected to the coupling parts by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs
F16D0003460000	each coupling part embracing grooves or ridges on the intermediate member
F16D0003480000	one coupling part having pins arranged parallel to the axis and entering holes in the other coupling part
F16D0003500000	with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members (F16D0003160000 takes precedence);;
F16D0003520000	comprising a continuous strip, spring, or the like engaging the coupling parts at a number of places
F16D0003540000	Couplings comprising a chain or strip surrounding two wheels arranged side by side and provided with teeth or the equivalent
F16D0003560000	comprising elastic metal lamellae, elastic rods, or the like, e.g. arranged radially or parallel to the axis, the members being shear-loaded collectively by the total load
F16D0003580000	the intermediate members being made of rubber or like material
F16D0003600000	comprising pushing or pulling links attached to both parts (F16D0003640000 takes precedence);;
F16D0003620000	the links or their attachments being elastic
F16D0003640000	comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts
F16D0003660000	the elements being metallic, e.g. in the form of coils
F16D0003680000	the elements being made of rubber or similar material
F16D0003700000	comprising elastic elements arranged in holes in one coupling part and surrounding pins on the other coupling part
F16D0003720000	with axially-spaced attachments to the coupling parts (F16D0003560000 takes precedence);;
F16D0003740000	the intermediate member or members being made of rubber or other flexible material
F16D0003760000	shaped as an elastic ring centered on the axis, surrounding a portion of one coupling part and surrounded by a sleeve of the other coupling part
F16D0003770000	the ring being metallic
F16D0003780000	shaped as an elastic disc or flat ring, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the coupling parts, different sets of spots of the disc or ring being attached to each coupling part, e.g. Hardy couplings
F16D0003790000	the disc or ring being metallic
F16D0003800000	in which a fluid is used (fluid couplings allowing continuous slip F16D0031000000-F16D0035000000)
F16D0003820000	with a coupling element in the form of a pneumatic tube (similar clutches F16D0025040000)
F16D0003840000	Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor
F16D0005000000	Impulse couplings, i.e. couplings that alternately accelerate and decelerate the driven member
F16D0007000000	Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock (combined with yielding shaft couplings F16D0003140000; fluid slip couplings F16D0031000000-F16D0035000000)
F16D0007020000	of the friction type (couplings in which overload initiates a decrease of coupling pressure or a disconnection, see the relevant groups for clutches);;
F16D0007040000	of the ratchet type (similar gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of inertia-energy F16H0033080000)
F16D0007060000	with intermediate balls or rollers
F16D0007080000	moving axially between engagement and disengagement
F16D0007100000	moving radially between engagement and disengagement
F16D0009000000	Couplings with safety member for disconnecting
F16D0009020000	by thermal means, e.g. melting member
F16D0009040000	by tensile breaking
F16D0009060000	by breaking due to shear stress
F16D0009080000	over a single area encircling the axis of rotation, e.g. shear necks on shafts (F16D0009100000 takes precedence);;
F16D0009100000	having a part movable after disconnection so as to provide reconnection, e.g. advanceable shear pins
F16D0011000000	Clutches with mechanically-actuated clutching members (automatic clutches F16D0041000000-F16D0045000000; external control F16D0048000000)
F16D0011000000	Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts (arrangements for synchronisation F16D0023020000)
F16D0011020000	disengaged by a contact of a part mounted on the clutch with a stationarily-mounted member
F16D0011040000	with clutching members movable only axially
F16D0011060000	with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially, e.g. rotatable keys
F16D0011080000	actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially (actuating-mechanisms in the relevant groups)
F16D0011100000	with clutching members movable only axially
F16D0011120000	with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially
F16D0011140000	with clutching members movable only axially (F16D0011020000, F16D0011080000 take precedence);;
F16D0011160000	with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially (F16D0011020000, F16D0011080000 take precedence);;
F16D0013000000	Friction clutches (arrangements for synchronisation F16D0023020000)
F16D0013020000	disengaged by the contact of a part mounted on the clutch with a stationarily-mounted member
F16D0013040000	with means for actuating or keeping engaged by a force derived at least partially from one of the shafts to be connected (automatic clutches F16D0043000000)
F16D0013060000	with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially (F16D0013080000, F16D0013120000 take precedence);;
F16D0013080000	with a helical band or equivalent member, which may be built-up from linked parts, with more than one turn embracing a drum or the like, with or without an additional clutch actuating the end of the band (F16D0013020000 takes precedence;similar freewheel clutches F16D0041200000; similar brakes F16D0049020000)
F16D0013100000	with clutching members co-operating with the periphery of a drum, a wheel-rim, or the like (F16D0013020000-F16D0013080000;  take precedence;similar brakes F16D0049000000)
F16D0013120000	with an expansible band or coil co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (F16D0013020000 takes precedence;similar brakes F16D0051020000)
F16D0013140000	with outwardly-movable clutching members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (F16D0013020000, F16D0013060000, F16D0013120000 take precedence;similar brakes F16D0051000000)
F16D0013160000	shaped as radially-movable segments
F16D0013180000	shaped as linked or separately-pivoted segments
F16D0013200000	with clutching members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum or wheel-rim (similar brakes F16D0053000000)
F16D0013220000	with axially-movable clutching members (similar brakes F16D0055000000)
F16D0013240000	with conical friction surfaces
F16D0013260000	in which the or each axially-movable member is pressed exclusively against an axially-located member
F16D0013280000	with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
F16D0013300000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013320000	in which two or more axially-movable members are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
F16D0013340000	with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
F16D0013360000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013380000	with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
F16D0013400000	in which the or each axially-movable member is pressed exclusively against an axially-located member
F16D0013420000	with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
F16D0013440000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013460000	in which two axially-movable members, of which one is attached to the driving side and the other to the driven side, are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
F16D0013480000	with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
F16D0013500000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013520000	Clutches with multiple lamellae
F16D0013540000	with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
F16D0013560000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013580000	Details
F16D0013600000	Clutching elements (friction lining or attachment thereof F16D0069000000)
F16D0013620000	Clutch-bands; Clutch-shoes; Clutch-drums (brake-bands, brake-shoes, brake-drums F16D0065000000)
F16D0013640000	Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae (brake-plates, brake-lamellae F16D0065120000)
F16D0013660000	of conical shape
F16D0013680000	Attachments of plates or lamellae to their supports
F16D0013690000	Arrangements for spreading lamellae in released state
F16D0013700000	Pressure members, e.g. pressure plates, for clutch-plates or lamellae; Guiding arrangements for pressure members
F16D0013710000	in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
F16D0013720000	Features relating to cooling
F16D0013740000	Features relating to lubrication
F16D0013750000	Features relating to adjustment, e.g. slack adjusters
F16D0013760000	specially adapted to incorporate with other transmission parts, i.e. at least one of the clutch parts also having another function, e.g. being the disc of a pulley
F16D0015000000	Clutches with wedging balls or rollers or with other wedgeable separate clutching members (freewheels, freewheel clutches F16D0041000000)
F16D0017000000	Clutches in which the drive is transmitted solely by virtue of the eccentricity of the contacting surfaces of clutch members which fit one around the other
F16D0019000000	Clutches with mechanically-actuated clutching members not otherwise provided for
F16D0021000000	Systems comprising a plurality of mechanically-actuated clutches (for synchronisation F16D0023040000)
F16D0021020000	for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways (in endless-track vehicles B62D)
F16D0021040000	with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member
F16D0021060000	at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
F16D0021080000	Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged (F16D0013080000, F16D0013120000 take precedence);;
F16D0023000000	Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
F16D0023020000	Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches (shape or mounting of interengaging parts of clutch members to facilitate engagement F16D0011080000)
F16D0023040000	with an additional friction cluch
F16D0023060000	and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
F16D0023080000	with a blocking mechanism that only releases the clutching member on synchronisation (in combination with an additional friction clutch F16D0023060000)
F16D0023100000	automatically producing the engagement of the clutch when the clutch members are moving at the same speed; Indicating synchronisation
F16D0023120000	Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such (specific for combined clutches F16D0021000000; mechanisms specific for synchronisation F16D0023020000)
F16D0023140000	Clutch-actuating sleeves; Actuating members directly connected to clutch-actuating sleeves
F16D0025000000	Clutches actuated non-mechanically (arrangements for synchronisation F16D0023020000; fluid clutches F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000; automatic clutches F16D0041000000-F16D0045000000; external control F16D0048000000; dynamo-electric clutches H02K0049000000; clutches using electrostatic attraction H02N0013000000)
F16D0025000000	Fluid-actuated clutches
F16D0025020000	with means for actuating or keeping engaged by a force derived at least partially from one of the shafts to be connected
F16D0025040000	in which the fluid actuates an elastic clutching member, e.g. a diaphragm or a pneumatic tube (F16D0025020000 takes precedence;coupling using a pneumatic tube F16D0003820000)
F16D0025060000	in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in the clutch (F16D0025020000 takes precedence);;
F16D0025061000	the clutch having interengaging clutch members
F16D0025062000	the clutch having friction surfaces
F16D0025063000	with clutch members exclusively moving axially
F16D0025063200	with conical friction surfaces, e.g. cone clutches
F16D0025063500	with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
F16D0025063800	with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
F16D0025064000	the friction surface being grooved
F16D0025065000	with clutching members having a movement which has at least a radial component
F16D0025080000	with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member (F16D0025020000 takes precedence);;
F16D0025100000	Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches (arrangements or mounting of clutches in vehicles B60K0017000000)
F16D0025120000	Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types
F16D0027000000	Magnetically-actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor (clutches with magnetisable particles F16D0037020000; circuits for external control F16D0048000000)
F16D0027010000	with permanent magnets
F16D0027020000	with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
F16D0027040000	with axially-movable friction surfaces
F16D0027060000	with friction surfaces arranged within the flux
F16D0027070000	Constructional features of clutch-plates or clutch-lamellae
F16D0027080000	with friction surfaces arranged externally to the flux
F16D0027090000	and with interengaging jaws or gear-teeth
F16D0027100000	with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
F16D0027102000	with radially movable clutching members (F16D0027105000 takes precedence);;
F16D0027105000	with a helical band or equivalent member co-operating with a cylindrical coupling surface
F16D0027108000	with axially movable clutching members
F16D0027110000	with conical friction surfaces, e.g. cone clutches
F16D0027112000	with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
F16D0027115000	with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
F16D0027118000	with interengaging jaws or gear teeth
F16D0027120000	Clutch systems with a plurality of electromagnetically-actuated clutches
F16D0027140000	Details
F16D0028000000	Electrically-actuated clutches (clutches actuated directly by means of an electromagnet F16D0027000000)
F16D0029000000	Clutches or systems of clutches involving both fluid and magnetic or both fluid and electric actuation
F16D0031000000	Couplings or clutches with a fluid or semifluid as power-transmitting means (fluid gearing F16H0039000000-F16H0049000000)
F16D0031000000	Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution
F16D0031020000	using pumps with pistons or plungers working in cylinders
F16D0031040000	using gear-pumps
F16D0031060000	using pumps of types differing from those before-mentioned
F16D0031080000	Control of slip
F16D0033000000	Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type
F16D0033020000	controlled by changing the flow of the liquid in the working circuit, while maintaining a completely filled working circuit
F16D0033040000	by altering the position of blades
F16D0033060000	controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit
F16D0033080000	by devices incorporated in the fluid coupling, with or without remote control
F16D0033100000	consisting of controllable supply and discharge openings
F16D0033120000	controlled automatically by self-actuated valves
F16D0033140000	consisting of shiftable or adjustable scoops
F16D0033160000	by means arranged externally of the coupling or clutch (mounting of such means in vehicles B60K0023000000, e.g. B60K0023020000)
F16D0033180000	Details (applicable also to fluid gearing F16H0041240000)
F16D0033200000	Shape of wheels, blades, or channels with respect to function
F16D0035000000	Fluid clutches in which the clutching is predominantly obtained by fluid adhesion (F16D0037000000 takes precedence);;
F16D0035020000	with rotary working chambers and rotary reservoirs, e.g. in one coupling part
F16D0037000000	Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive
F16D0037020000	the particles being magnetisable
F16D0039000000	Combinations of couplings according to two or more of the groups ; F16D0031000000-F16D0037000000
F16D0041000000	Freewheels or freewheel clutches; Automatic clutches (F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000;  take precedence);;
F16D0041000000	Freewheels or freewheel clutches (cycle brakes controlled by back-pedalling B62L0005000000)
F16D0041020000	disengaged by contact of a part of or on the freewheel or freewheel clutch with a stationarily-mounted member
F16D0041040000	combined with a clutch for locking the driving and driven members (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041060000	with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041061000	the intermediate members wedging by movement having an axial component
F16D0041063000	the intermediate members wedging by moving along the inner and the outer surface without pivoting or rolling, e.g. sliding wedges (F16D0041061000 takes precedence);;
F16D0041064000	the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls (F16D0041061000 takes precedence);;
F16D0041066000	all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical
F16D0041067000	and the members being distributed by a separate cage encircling the axis of rotation
F16D0041069000	the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags (F16D0041061000 takes precedence);;
F16D0041070000	between two cylindrical surfaces
F16D0041080000	with provision for altering the freewheeling action
F16D0041100000	with self-actuated reversing
F16D0041120000	with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041140000	the effective stroke of the pawl being adjustable
F16D0041160000	the action being reversible
F16D0041180000	with non-hinged detent (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041200000	with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041220000	with clutching ring or disc axially shifted as a result of lost motion between actuating members (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);;
F16D0041240000	specially adapted for cycles
F16D0041260000	with provision for altering the action
F16D0041280000	with intermediate wedging coupling members
F16D0041300000	with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
F16D0041320000	with non-hinged detent
F16D0041340000	with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band
F16D0041360000	with clutching ring or disc axially shifted as a result of lost motion between actuating members
F16D0043000000	Internally controlled automatic clutches (varying the relationship between two coaxial shafts F16D0003100000; freewheels, freewheel clutches F16D0041000000; external control of clutches F16D0048000000)
F16D0043020000	actuated entirely mechanically
F16D0043040000	controlled by angular speed (F16D0043240000 takes precedence;clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles F16D0037000000)
F16D0043060000	with centrifugal masses actuating axially a movable pressure ring or the like
F16D0043080000	the pressure ring actuating friction plates, cones, or similar axially-movable friction surfaces
F16D0043090000	in which the carrier of the centrifugal masses can be stopped
F16D0043100000	the centrifugal masses acting directly on the pressure ring, no other actuating mechanism for the pressure ring being provided
F16D0043120000	the centrifugal masses acting on, or forming a part of, an actuating mechanism by which the pressure ring can also be actuated independently of the masses
F16D0043140000	with centrifugal masses actuating the clutching members directly in a direction which has at least a radial component; with centrifugal masses themselves being the clutching members
F16D0043160000	with clutching members having interengaging parts
F16D0043180000	with friction clutching members
F16D0043200000	controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure
F16D0043202000	of the ratchet type (slip couplings of the ratchet type F16D0007040000)
F16D0043204000	with intermediate balls or rollers
F16D0043206000	moving axially between engagement and disengagement
F16D0043208000	moving radially between engagement and disengagement
F16D0043210000	with friction members
F16D0043220000	controlled by both speed and torque
F16D0043240000	controlled by acceleration or deceleration of angular speed
F16D0043250000	controlled by thermo-responsive elements
F16D0043260000	acting at definite angular position or disengaging after a definite number of rotations (actuating by means of stationary abutment F16D0011020000, F16D0013020000, F16D0015000000; control of change-speed or reversing-gearings conveying rotary motion F16H0059000000-F16H0063000000)
F16D0043280000	actuated by fluid pressure
F16D0043284000	controlled by angular speed
F16D0043286000	controlled by torque
F16D0043300000	Systems of a plurality of automatic clutches
F16D0045000000	Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with automatic clutches
F16D0047000000	Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the following sets of groups: ; F16D0001000000-F16D0009000000;  ;  F16D0011000000-F16D0023000000;        ;  F16D0025000000-F16D0029000000;        ;  F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000;             F16D0041000000-F16D0045000000;   (freewheels combined with a clutch to lock the driving and driven members of the freewheel F16D0041040000, F16D0041260000)
F16D0047020000	of which at least one is a coupling (elastic attachment of clutch parts, see the relevant groups for clutches);;
F16D0047040000	of which at least one is a freewheel (F16D0047020000, F16D0047060000 take precedence);;
F16D0047060000	of which at least one is a clutch with a fluid or a semifluid as power-transmitting means
F16D0048000000	External control of clutches
F16D0048020000	Control by fluid pressure
F16D0048040000	providing power assistance
F16D0048060000	Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
F16D0048080000	Regulating clutch take-up on starting
F16D0048100000	Preventing unintentional or unsafe engagement
F16D0048120000	Control of torque transfer between driven axles
F16D0049000000	Brakes (electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general B60L; dynamo-electric brakes H02K)
F16D0049000000	Brakes with a braking member co-operating with the periphery of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like (similar clutches F16D0013100000)
F16D0049020000	shaped as a helical band or coil with more than one turn, with or without intensification of the braking force by the tension of the band or contracting member (similar clutches F16D0013080000)
F16D0049040000	mechanically actuated
F16D0049060000	fluid actuated
F16D0049080000	shaped as an encircling band extending over approximately 360
F16D0049100000	mechanically actuated (self-tightening F16D0049200000)
F16D0049120000	fluid actuated
F16D0049140000	shaped as a fluid-filled flexible member actuated by variation of the fluid pressure
F16D0049160000	Brakes with two brake-blocks (self-tightening F16D0049200000)
F16D0049180000	Brakes with three or more brake-blocks (self-tightening F16D0049200000)
F16D0049200000	Self-tightening brakes (with helical band or coil with more than one turn F16D0049020000)
F16D0049220000	with an auxiliary friction member initiating or increasing the action of the brake
F16D0051000000	Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (similar clutches F16D0013140000)
F16D0051020000	shaped as one or more circumferential bands (similar clutches F16D0013120000)
F16D0051040000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051060000	fluid actuated
F16D0051080000	shaped as an expansible fluid-filled flexible member
F16D0051100000	shaped as exclusively radially-movable brake-shoes
F16D0051120000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051140000	fluid actuated
F16D0051160000	shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis (self-tightening F16D0051460000)
F16D0051180000	with two brake-shoes
F16D0051200000	extending in opposite directions from their pivots
F16D0051220000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051240000	fluid actuated
F16D0051260000	both extending in the same direction from their pivots
F16D0051280000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051300000	fluid actuated
F16D0051320000	with three or more brake-shoes
F16D0051340000	extending in opposite directions from their pivots
F16D0051360000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051380000	fluid actuated
F16D0051400000	all extending in the same direction from their pivots
F16D0051420000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051440000	fluid actuated
F16D0051460000	Self-tightening brakes with pivoted brake-shoes
F16D0051480000	with two linked or directly-interacting brake-shoes
F16D0051500000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051520000	fluid actuated
F16D0051540000	with three or more brake-shoes, at least two of them being linked or directly interacting
F16D0051560000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051580000	fluid actuated
F16D0051600000	with wedging action of a brake-shoe, e.g. the shoe entering as a wedge between the brake-drum and a stationary part
F16D0051620000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051640000	fluid actuated
F16D0051660000	an actuated brake-shoe being carried along and thereby engaging a member for actuating another brake-shoe
F16D0051680000	mechanically actuated
F16D0051700000	fluid actuated
F16D0053000000	Brakes with braking members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like (similar clutches F16D0013200000)
F16D0055000000	Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes (similar clutches F16D0013380000)
F16D0055020000	with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
F16D0055040000	by moving discs or pads away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders
F16D0055060000	without self-tightening action
F16D0055080000	Mechanically-actuated brakes
F16D0055100000	Brakes actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake
F16D0055120000	comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake
F16D0055140000	with self-tightening action, e.g. by means of coacting helical surfaces or balls and inclined surfaces
F16D0055150000	initiated by means of brake-bands or brake-shoes
F16D0055160000	Mechanically-actuated brakes
F16D0055180000	Brakes actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake
F16D0055200000	comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake
F16D0055220000	by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
F16D0055224000	with a common actuating member for the braking members
F16D0055225000	the braking members being brake pads
F16D0055225500	in which the common actuating member is pivoted
F16D0055226000	in which the common actuating member is moved axially
F16D0055226500	the axial movement being guided by one or more pins
F16D0055227000	by two pins
F16D0055228000	with a separate actuating member for each side
F16D0055240000	with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
F16D0055260000	without self-tightening action
F16D0055280000	Brakes with only one rotating disc
F16D0055300000	mechanically actuated
F16D0055310000	by means of an intermediate leverage
F16D0055320000	actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake
F16D0055330000	by means of an intermediate leverage
F16D0055340000	comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake
F16D0055360000	Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
F16D0055380000	mechanically actuated
F16D0055390000	by means of an intermediate leverage
F16D0055400000	actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake
F16D0055410000	by means of an intermediate leverage
F16D0055420000	comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake
F16D0055440000	with the rotating part consisting of both central plates and ring-shaped plates arranged concentrically around the central plates
F16D0055460000	with self-tightening action
F16D0055480000	with discs or pads having a small free angular travel relative to their support, which produces the self-tightening action
F16D0055500000	with auxiliary friction members, which may be of different type, producing the self-tightening action
F16D0057000000	Liquid-resistance brakes; Air-resistance brakes
F16D0057020000	with blades or like members braked by the fluid
F16D0057040000	with blades causing a directed flow, e.g. Föttinger type
F16D0057060000	comprising a pump circulating fluid, braking being effected by throttling of the circulation
F16D0059000000	Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
F16D0059020000	spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
F16D0061000000	Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use (F16D0057000000 takes precedence);;
F16D0063000000	Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups  F16D0049000000-F16D0061000000; (brakes with auxiliary members for self-tightening F16D0049220000, F16D0051660000, F16D0055500000)
F16D0065000000	Parts or details (similar members for clutches F16D0013580000)
F16D0065020000	Braking members; Mounting thereof (friction linings or attachment thereof F16D0069000000)
F16D0065040000	Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
F16D0065060000	for externally-engaging brakes
F16D0065080000	for internally-engaging brakes
F16D0065090000	Pivots or supporting members therefor
F16D0065092000	for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
F16D0065095000	Pivots or supporting members therefor
F16D0065097000	Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members
F16D0065100000	Drums for externally- or internally-engaging brakes
F16D0065120000	Discs; Drums for disc brakes
F16D0065140000	Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position (brake control systems, parts thereof B60T)
F16D0065160000	arranged in or on the brake
F16D0065180000	adapted for drawing members together
F16D0065200000	comprising a fluid-pressure device
F16D0065210000	acting by electric or magnetic means
F16D0065220000	adapted for pressing members apart
F16D0065240000	comprising a fluid-pressure device
F16D0065260000	in the form of a fluid-filled flexible member
F16D0065270000	acting by electric or magnetic means
F16D0065280000	arranged apart from the brake
F16D0065300000	acting mechanically
F16D0065320000	acting by fluid means
F16D0065340000	acting by electric or magnetic means (holding devices using electrostatic attraction H02N0013000000)
F16D0065350000	including a permanent magnet
F16D0065360000	acting by both fluid and electric means
F16D0065380000	Slack adjusters
F16D0065400000	mechanical
F16D0065420000	non-automatic
F16D0065440000	by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065460000, F16D0065480000 take precedence);;
F16D0065460000	with screw-thread and nut
F16D0065480000	with eccentric or helical body
F16D0065500000	for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system
F16D0065520000	self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
F16D0065540000	by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065560000, F16D0065580000 take precedence);;
F16D0065560000	with screw-thread and nut
F16D0065580000	with eccentric or helical body
F16D0065600000	for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system
F16D0065620000	self-acting in both directions for adjusting excessive and insufficient play
F16D0065640000	by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065660000, F16D0065680000 take precedence);;
F16D0065660000	with screw-thread and nut
F16D0065680000	with eccentric or helical body
F16D0065700000	for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system
F16D0065720000	hydraulic
F16D0065740000	self-acting in one direction
F16D0065760000	self-acting in both directions
F16D0065780000	Features relating to cooling
F16D0065800000	for externally-engaging brakes
F16D0065807000	with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
F16D0065813000	with closed cooling system
F16D0065820000	for internally-engaging brakes
F16D0065827000	with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
F16D0065833000	with closed cooling system
F16D0065840000	for disc brakes
F16D0065847000	with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
F16D0065853000	with closed cooling system
F16D0066000000	Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
F16D0066020000	Apparatus for indicating wear
F16D0067000000	Combinations of couplings and brakes; Combinations of clutches and brakes (F16D0071000000 takes precedence;combinations of couplings and clutches F16D0047020000; conjoint control of brake systems and driveline clutches in vehicles B60W0010020000, B60W0010180000)
F16D0067020000	Clutch-brake combinations
F16D0067040000	fluid actuated
F16D0067060000	electromagnetically actuated
F16D0069000000	Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces (clutching elements F16D0013600000; braking members F16D0065020000)
F16D0069020000	Composition of linings (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes);;
F16D0069040000	Attachment of linings
F16D0071000000	Mechanisms for bringing members to rest in a predetermined position (combined with, or controlling, clutches F16D0043260000; means for initiating operation of brakes at a predetermined position F16D0065140000; means for securing members after operation F16B0001020000)
F16D0071020000	comprising auxiliary means for producing the final movement
F16D0071040000	providing for selection between a plurality of positions (F16D0071020000 takes precedence);;
F16F	SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
F16F0001000000	Springs (working with fluid F16F0005000000, F16F0009000000)
F16F0001020000	made of steel or other material having low internal friction (F16F0001360000 takes precedence);;Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
F16F0001040000	Wound springs
F16F0001060000	with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces
F16F0001080000	with turns lying in mainly conical surfaces
F16F0001100000	Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
F16F0001120000	Attachments or mountings
F16F0001130000	comprising inserts or spacers between the windings for changing the mechanical or physical characteristics of the spring
F16F0001140000	Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes
F16F0001160000	Attachments or mountings
F16F0001180000	Leaf springs
F16F0001200000	with layers, e.g. anti-friction layers, or with rollers between the leaves
F16F0001220000	with means for modifying the spring characteristic
F16F0001240000	Lubrication; Covers, e.g. for retaining lubricant
F16F0001260000	Attachments or mountings (B60G0011100000 takes precedence);;
F16F0001280000	comprising cylindrical metal pins pivoted in close-fitting sleeves
F16F0001300000	comprising intermediate pieces made of rubber or similar elastic material
F16F0001320000	Cup springs; Dished disc springs (diaphragms F16J0003000000)
F16F0001340000	Ring springs, i.e. annular bodies deformed radially due to axial load
F16F0001360000	made of plastics, e.g. rubber; made of material having high internal friction
F16F0001362000	made of steel wool or compressed hair
F16F0001364000	made of cork, wood or the like material
F16F0001366000	made of fibre reinforced plastics
F16F0001368000	Leaf springs
F16F0001370000	of foam-like material, e.g. sponge rubber
F16F0001371000	characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension elements, e.g. for rigidification (F16F0001366000, F16F0001387000 take precedence);;
F16F0001373000	characterised by having a particular shape
F16F0001374000	having a spherical or the like shape
F16F0001376000	having projections, studs, serrations or the like on at least one surface (F16F0001387000 takes precedence);;
F16F0001377000	having holes or openings (F16F0001387000 takes precedence);;
F16F0001379000	characterised by arrangements for regulating the spring temperature, e.g. by cooling
F16F0001380000	with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin
F16F0001387000	comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions
F16F0001393000	with spherical or conical sleeves
F16F0001400000	consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers
F16F0001410000	the spring consisting of generally conically arranged elements
F16F0001420000	characterised by the mode of stressing
F16F0001440000	loaded mainly in compression
F16F0001460000	loaded mainly in tension
F16F0001480000	loaded mainly in torsion
F16F0001500000	loaded mainly in shear
F16F0001520000	loaded in combined stresses
F16F0001540000	loaded in compression and shear
F16F0003000000	Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic (including fluid springs F16F0005000000, F16F0013000000)
F16F0003020000	with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
F16F0003040000	composed only of wound springs
F16F0003060000	of which some are placed around others in such a way that they damp each other by mutual friction
F16F0003070000	combined with chambers filled with gas or liquid
F16F0003080000	with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
F16F0003087000	Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material (F16F0001400000 takes precedence);;
F16F0003093000	the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber
F16F0003100000	combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
F16F0003120000	the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring, e.g. being embedded in it
F16F0005000000	Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs
F16F0006000000	Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs
F16F0007000000	Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers (using fluid F16F0005000000, F16F0009000000; specific for rotary systems F16F0015100000)
F16F0007010000	using friction between loose particles, e.g. sand
F16F0007020000	with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together (F16F0007010000 takes precedence;one of the members being a spring F16F0013020000)
F16F0007040000	in the direction of the axis of rotation
F16F0007060000	in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the axis of rotation
F16F0007080000	with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other (F16F0007010000 takes precedence);;
F16F0007090000	in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type
F16F0007100000	using inertia effect
F16F0007104000	the inertia member being resiliently mounted
F16F0007108000	on plastics springs
F16F0007112000	on fluid springs
F16F0007116000	on metal springs
F16F0007120000	using plastic deformation of members
F16F0007140000	of cable-support type, i.e. frictionally-engaged loop-forming cables
F16F0009000000	Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium (F16F0005000000 takes precedence;connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000; door-operating appliances with fluid braking systems E05F)
F16F0009020000	using gas only
F16F0009040000	in a chamber with a flexible wall
F16F0009050000	the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
F16F0009060000	using both gas and liquid
F16F0009080000	in a chamber with a flexible wall
F16F0009084000	comprising a gas spring contained within a flexible wall, the wall not being in contact with the damping fluid, i.e. mounted externally on the damper cylinder
F16F0009088000	comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided within the cylinder on the piston rod of a monotubular damper or within the inner tube of a bitubular damper
F16F0009092000	comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided between the tubes of a bitubular damper
F16F0009096000	comprising a hydropneumatic accumulator of the membrane type provided on the upper or the lower end of a damper or separately from or laterally on the damper
F16F0009100000	using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
F16F0009120000	Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid, any throttling effect being immaterial
F16F0009140000	Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
F16F0009160000	involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
F16F0009180000	with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
F16F0009190000	with a single cylinder
F16F0009200000	with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder
F16F0009220000	with one or more cylinders, each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger
F16F0009240000	with a single cylinder and a single piston or plunger
F16F0009260000	with two cylinders in line and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
F16F0009280000	with two parallel cylinders and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
F16F0009300000	with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
F16F0009320000	Details
F16F0009340000	Special valve constructions (valves in general F16K); Shape or construction of throttling passages
F16F0009342000	Throttling passages operating with metering pins
F16F0009344000	Vortex flow passages
F16F0009346000	Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
F16F0009348000	Throttling passages in the form of annular discs operating in opposite directions
F16F0009360000	Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
F16F0009380000	Covers for protection or appearance
F16F0009400000	Arrangements for preventing froth
F16F0009420000	Cooling arrangements
F16F0009430000	Filling arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
F16F0009440000	Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction (F16F0009530000, F16F0009560000 take precedence;temperature correction only F16F0009520000)
F16F0009460000	allowing control from a distance
F16F0009480000	Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke (F16F0009530000, F16F0009560000 take precedence);;
F16F0009490000	Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops
F16F0009500000	Special means providing automatic damping adjustment (F16F0009530000, F16F0009560000 take precedence);;
F16F0009504000	Inertia-sensitive means
F16F0009508000	Means responsive to the velocity of movement of the piston
F16F0009512000	Means responsive to load action on the damper or fluid pressure in the damper
F16F0009516000	resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension
F16F0009520000	in case of change of temperature (combined with external adjustment F16F0009440000)
F16F0009530000	Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically
F16F0009540000	Arrangements for attachment
F16F0009560000	Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or damper, e.g. at the end of the stroke
F16F0009580000	Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder (F16F0009490000 takes precedence);;
F16F0011000000	Vibration-dampers or shock-absorbers working with both friction and a damping fluid
F16F0013000000	Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs (F16F0005000000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013020000	damping by frictional contact between the spring and braking means (frictionally coacting wound springs F16F0003060000)
F16F0013040000	comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
F16F0013060000	the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F0013260000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013080000	the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F0013200000-F16F0013240000;  take precedence);;
F16F0013100000	the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like (F16F0013120000-F16F0013180000;  take precedence);;
F16F0013120000	Single chamber dampers (F16F0013140000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013140000	Units of the bushing type
F16F0013160000	specially adapted for receiving axial loads
F16F0013180000	characterised by the location or the shape of the equilibration chamber, e.g. the equilibration chamber surrounding the plastics spring or being annular (F16F0013140000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013200000	characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring (F16F0013220000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013220000	characterised by comprising also a dynamic damper (dampers using inertia effect per se F16F0007100000)
F16F0013240000	the central part of the unit being supported by one element and both extremities of the unit being supported by a single other element, i.e. double acting mounting
F16F0013260000	characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions
F16F0013280000	specially adapted for units of the bushing type (F16F0013300000 takes precedence);;
F16F0013300000	comprising means for varying fluid viscosity, e.g. of magnetic or electrorheological fluids
F16F0015000000	Suppression of vibrations in systems (vehicle seat suspension devices B60N0002500000); Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion (testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures G01M0001000000)
F16F0015020000	Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system (layered products B32B; suppression of vibration in ships B63)
F16F0015023000	using fluid means
F16F0015027000	comprising control arrangements
F16F0015030000	using electromagnetic means (F16F0009530000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015040000	using elastic means (single elements or their attachment F16F0001000000-F16F0013000000)
F16F0015060000	with metal springs (with rubber springs also F16F0015080000)
F16F0015067000	using only wound springs
F16F0015073000	using only leaf springs
F16F0015080000	with rubber springs
F16F0015100000	Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system (by balancing F16F0015220000; with flywheels acting variably or intermittently F16H)
F16F0015120000	using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon (F16F0015160000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015121000	using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs (F16F0015131000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015123000	Wound springs
F16F0015124000	Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F0015123000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015126000	consisting of at least one annular element surrounding the axis of rotation
F16F0015127000	using plastics springs combined with other types of springs
F16F0015129000	characterised by friction-damping means (F16F0015131000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015131000	the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
F16F0015133000	using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
F16F0015134000	Wound springs
F16F0015136000	Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F0015134000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015137000	the elastic members consisting of two or more springs of different types
F16F0015139000	characterised by friction-damping means
F16F0015140000	using freely-swinging masses rotating with the system
F16F0015160000	using a fluid (devices connecting input and output members F16D)
F16F0015167000	having an inertia member, e.g. ring
F16F0015173000	provided within a closed housing
F16F0015180000	using electric means (dynamo-electric devices H02K)
F16F0015200000	Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by favourable grouping or relative arrangement of the moving members of the system or systems
F16F0015220000	Compensation of inertia forces
F16F0015240000	of crankshaft systems by particular disposition of cranks, pistons, or the like
F16F0015260000	of crankshaft systems using solid masses, other than the ordinary pistons, moving with the system
F16F0015280000	Counterweights; Attaching or mounting same (for roll-type closures E06B0009620000)
F16F0015300000	Flywheels (F16F0015160000 takes precedence;suppression of vibrations in rotating systems using elastic members or friction-damping members moving with the system F16F0015120000; rotary-body aspects in general F16C0013000000, F16C0015000000)
F16F0015305000	made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics (FRP)
F16F0015310000	characterised by means for varying the moment of inertia
F16F0015315000	characterised by their supporting arrangement, e.g. mountings, cages, securing inertia member to shaft (F16F0015310000 takes precedence);;
F16F0015320000	Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels
F16F0015340000	Fastening arrangements therefor
F16F0015360000	operating automatically
F16G	BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
F16G0001000000	Driving-belts (V-belts F16G0005000000; conveyer belts B65G)
F16G0001020000	made of leather (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof C14B0009000000)
F16G0001040000	made of fibrous material, e.g. textiles, whether rubber-covered or not (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof D03D)
F16G0001060000	made of rubber (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;producing belts from plastics or substances in a plastic state B29D0029000000)
F16G0001080000	with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
F16G0001100000	with textile reinforcement
F16G0001120000	with metal reinforcement
F16G0001140000	made of plastics (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;producing belts from plastics or substances in a plastic state B29D0029000000)
F16G0001160000	with reinforcement bonded by the plastic material
F16G0001180000	made of wire (making thereof B21F0043000000)
F16G0001200000	made of a single metal strip (making thereof B21D0053140000)
F16G0001210000	built-up from superimposed layers, e.g. zig-zag folded
F16G0001220000	consisting of several parts
F16G0001240000	in the form of links (in the shape of chain links F16G0013080000)
F16G0001260000	in the form of strips or lamellae
F16G0001280000	with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
F16G0003000000	Belt fastenings, e.g. for conveyer belts (for V-belts F16G0007000000)
F16G0003020000	with series of eyes or the like, interposed and linked by a pin to form a hinge (F16G0003090000 takes precedence);;
F16G0003040000	in which the ends of separate U-shaped or like eyes are attached to the belt by parts penetrating into it
F16G0003060000	with outwardly-bent, mutually-connected belt ends
F16G0003070000	Friction clamps, e.g. of grommet-thimble type
F16G0003080000	consisting of plates and screw-bolts or rivets (F16G0003060000 takes precedence);;
F16G0003090000	the plates forming a hinge
F16G0003100000	Joining belts by sewing, sticking, vulcanising, or the like; Constructional adaptations of the belt ends for this purpose
F16G0003120000	Joining belts by lacing
F16G0003140000	with extensible parts; with resilient parts
F16G0003160000	Devices or machines for connecting driving-belts or the like
F16G0005000000	V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
F16G0005020000	made of leather (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);;
F16G0005040000	made of rubber (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);;
F16G0005060000	with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
F16G0005080000	with textile reinforcement
F16G0005100000	with metal reinforcement
F16G0005120000	made of plastics (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);;
F16G0005140000	with reinforcement bonded by the plastic material
F16G0005160000	consisting of several parts
F16G0005180000	in the form of links
F16G0005200000	with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
F16G0005220000	built-up from superimposed layers
F16G0005240000	zig-zag folded
F16G0007000000	V-belt fastenings
F16G0007020000	locked, e.g. riveted
F16G0007040000	quickly detachable
F16G0007060000	adjustable, e.g. for tension
F16G0009000000	Ropes or cables specially adapted for driving, or for being driven by, pulleys or other gearing elements (ropes or cables in general D07B)
F16G0009020000	made of leather; having enveloping sheathings made of leather
F16G0009040000	made of rubber or plastics (F16G0009020000 takes precedence);;
F16G0011000000	Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects (cable clamps for suspension bridge cables E01D0019160000); Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes (attaching ropes or cables to lift cars or cages B66B0007080000, to winch drums or barrels B66D0001340000; ground anchors E02D0005000000; anchoring devices for prestressed members E04C0005000000; rope clamps in earth drilling E21B0019120000)
F16G0011020000	with parts deformable to grip the cable or cables; Fastening means which engage a sleeve or the like fixed on the cable
F16G0011030000	incorporating resiliently-mounted members for attachment of the cable end
F16G0011040000	with wedging action, e.g. friction clamps of grommet-thimble type (F16G0011020000 takes precedence);;
F16G0011050000	by using conical plugs insertable between the strands
F16G0011060000	with laterally-arranged screws (F16G0011020000, F16G0011040000 take precedence);;
F16G0011080000	Fastenings for securing ends of driving-cables to one another, the fastenings having approximately the same diameter as the cables
F16G0011090000	incorporating hinge joints or pivots for the attachment of the cable ends
F16G0011100000	Quick-acting fastenings; Clamps holding in one direction only
F16G0011120000	Connections or attachments, e.g. turnbuckles, adapted for straining of cables, ropes, or wire (straining wire in general B21F0009000000)
F16G0011140000	Devices or coupling-pieces designed for easy formation of adjustable loops, e.g. choker hooks; Hooks or eyes with integral parts designed to facilitate quick attachment to cables or ropes at any point, e.g. by forming loops (crane hooks B66C0001340000; hooks or eyes in general F16B0045000000)
F16G0013000000	Chains (making thereof B21L)
F16G0013020000	Driving-chains (specially adapted to gearings with variable gear-ratio F16H0009000000)
F16G0013040000	Toothed chains
F16G0013060000	with links connected by parallel driving-pins with or without rollers
F16G0013070000	the links being of identical shape, e.g. cranked
F16G0013080000	with links closely interposed on the joint pins (F16G0013040000 takes precedence);;
F16G0013100000	with universal joints
F16G0013120000	Hauling- or hoisting-chains
F16G0013140000	built up from readily-separable links
F16G0013160000	with arrangements for holding electric cables, hoses, or the like
F16G0013180000	Chains having special overall characteristics
F16G0013200000	stiff; Push-pull chains
F16G0013220000	extensible
F16G0013240000	resilient
F16G0015000000	Chain couplings; Shackles; Chain joints; Chain links; Chain bushes (making chain elements B21L)
F16G0015020000	for fastening more or less permanently
F16G0015040000	Quickly-detachable chain couplings; Shackles
F16G0015060000	Shackles designed for attachment by joint pins to chain elements, e.g. D-shackles
F16G0015080000	Swivels
F16G0015100000	Emergency joints or links
F16G0015120000	Chain links
F16G0015140000	made of sheet metal, e.g. profiled
F16G0017000000	Hooks as integral parts of chains (hooks for cranes B66C0001340000; hooks in general F16B0045000000)
F16H	GEARING
F16H0001000000	Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
F16H0001000000	Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0003000000)
F16H0001020000	without gears having orbital motion
F16H0001040000	involving only two intermeshing members
F16H0001060000	with parallel axes
F16H0001080000	the members having helical, herring-bone, or like teeth
F16H0001100000	one of the members being internally toothed
F16H0001120000	with non-parallel axes
F16H0001140000	comprising conical gears only
F16H0001160000	comprising worm and worm-wheel
F16H0001180000	the members having helical, herring-bone, or like teeth (F16H0001140000 takes precedence);;
F16H0001200000	involving more than two intermeshing members
F16H0001220000	with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
F16H0001240000	involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth (F16H0001160000 takes precedence);;
F16H0001260000	Special means compensating for misalignment of axes
F16H0001280000	with gears having orbital motion
F16H0001300000	in which an orbital gear has an axis crossing the main axis of the gearing and has helical teeth or is a worm
F16H0001320000	in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
F16H0001340000	involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth (in worm gearing F16H0001300000)
F16H0001360000	with two central gears coupled by intermeshing orbital gears
F16H0001460000	Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains, each with orbital gears
F16H0001480000	Special means compensating for misalignment of axes
F16H0003000000	Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion (speed-changing or reversing mechanisms F16H0059000000-F16H0063000000)
F16H0003020000	without gears having orbital motion
F16H0003040000	with internally-toothed gears
F16H0003060000	with worm and worm-wheel or gears essentially having helical or herring-bone teeth
F16H0003080000	exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
F16H0003083000	with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
F16H0003085000	with more than one output shaft
F16H0003087000	characterised by the disposition of the gears (F16H0003083000, F16H0003085000 take precedence);;
F16H0003089000	all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
F16H0003091000	including a single countershaft
F16H0003093000	with two or more countershafts
F16H0003095000	with means for ensuring an even distribution of torque between the countershafts
F16H0003097000	the input and output shafts being aligned on the same axis
F16H0003100000	with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
F16H0003120000	with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches (synchronised clutches F16D0023020000)
F16H0003140000	Gearings for reversal only
F16H0003160000	essentially with both gears that can be put out of gear and continuously-meshing gears that can be disengaged from their shafts
F16H0003180000	Gearings for reversal only
F16H0003200000	exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear
F16H0003220000	with gears shiftable only axially
F16H0003240000	with driving and driven shafts coaxial
F16H0003260000	and two or more additional shafts
F16H0003280000	an additional shaft being coaxial with the main shafts
F16H0003300000	with driving and driven shafts not coaxial
F16H0003320000	and an additional shaft
F16H0003340000	with gears shiftable otherwise than only axially
F16H0003360000	with a single gear meshable with any of a set of coaxial gears of different diameters
F16H0003380000	with synchro-meshing
F16H0003400000	Gearings for reversal only
F16H0003420000	with gears having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable
F16H0003440000	using gears having orbital motion
F16H0003460000	Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears (F16H0003680000-F16H0003780000;  take precedence);;
F16H0003480000	with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
F16H0003500000	comprising orbital conical gears
F16H0003520000	comprising orbital spur gears
F16H0003540000	one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
F16H0003560000	both central gears being sun gears
F16H0003580000	with sets of orbital gears, each consisting of two or more intermeshing orbital gears
F16H0003600000	Gearings for reversal only
F16H0003620000	Gearings having three or more central gears (F16H0003680000-F16H0003780000;  take precedence);;
F16H0003640000	composed of a number of gear trains, the drive always passing through all the trains, each train having not more than one connection for driving another train
F16H0003660000	composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
F16H0003680000	in which an orbital gear has an axis crossing the main axis of the gearing and has helical teeth or is a worm
F16H0003700000	in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
F16H0003720000	with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
F16H0003740000	Complexes, not using actuatable speed-changing or regulating members, e.g. with gear ratio determined by free play of frictional or other forces
F16H0003760000	with an orbital gear having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable
F16H0003780000	Special adaptation of synchronisation mechanisms to these gearings
F16H0007000000	Gearing for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members (flexible members, e.g. belts, chains per seF16G)
F16H0007000000	Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0009000000)
F16H0007020000	with belts; with V-belts
F16H0007040000	with ropes
F16H0007060000	with chains
F16H0007080000	Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains (pulleys of adjustable construction F16H0055520000)
F16H0007100000	by adjusting the axis of a pulley
F16H0007120000	of an idle pulley
F16H0007140000	of a driving or driven pulley
F16H0007160000	without adjusting the driving or driven shaft
F16H0007180000	Means for guiding or supporting belts, ropes, or chains (construction of pulleys F16H0055360000)
F16H0007200000	Mountings for rollers or pulleys
F16H0007220000	Belt, rope, or chain shifters
F16H0007240000	Equipment for mounting belts, ropes, or chains
F16H0009000000	Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members (control of change-speed or reversing-gearings conveying rotary motion F16H0059000000-F16H0063000000)
F16H0009020000	without members having orbital motion
F16H0009040000	using belts, V-belts, or ropes (with toothed belts F16H0009240000; pulleys of adjustable construction F16H0055520000)
F16H0009060000	engaging a stepped pulley
F16H0009080000	engaging a conical drum (F16H0009120000 takes precedence);;
F16H0009100000	engaging a pulley provided with radially-actuatable elements carrying the belt
F16H0009120000	engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
F16H0009140000	using only one pulley built-up out of adjustable conical parts
F16H0009160000	using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
F16H0009180000	only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
F16H0009200000	both flanges of the pulleys being adjustable
F16H0009220000	specially adapted for ropes
F16H0009240000	using chains, toothed belts, belts in the form of links; Chains or belts specially adapted to such gearing (toothed belts F16G0001280000; V-belts in the form of links F16G0005180000; toothed V-belts F16G0005200000)
F16H0009260000	with members having orbital motion
F16H0013000000	Other friction gearing for conveying rotary motion
F16H0013000000	Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0015000000)
F16H0013020000	without members having orbital motion
F16H0013040000	with balls or with rollers acting in a similar manner
F16H0013060000	with members having orbital motion
F16H0013080000	with balls or with rollers acting in a similar manner
F16H0013100000	Means for influencing the pressure between the members
F16H0013120000	by magnetic forces
F16H0013140000	for automatically varying the pressure mechanically
F16H0015000000	Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members (control of change-speed or reversing-gearings conveying rotary motion F16H0059000000-F16H0063000000)
F16H0015010000	characterised by the use of a magnetisable powder or liquid as friction medium between the rotary members
F16H0015020000	without members having orbital motion
F16H0015040000	Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
F16H0015060000	in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
F16H0015080000	in which the member B is a disc with a flat or approximately-flat friction surface
F16H0015100000	in which the axes of the two members cross or intersect
F16H0015120000	in which one or each member is duplicated, e.g. for obtaining better transmission, for lessening the reaction forces on the bearings
F16H0015140000	in which the axes of the members are parallel or approximately parallel
F16H0015160000	in which the member B has a conical friction surface
F16H0015180000	externally
F16H0015200000	co-operating with the outer rim of the member A, which is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the friction surface of the member B
F16H0015220000	the axes of the members being parallel or approximately parallel
F16H0015240000	internally
F16H0015260000	in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
F16H0015280000	with external friction surface
F16H0015300000	with internal friction surface
F16H0015320000	in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
F16H0015340000	with convex friction surface
F16H0015360000	with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
F16H0015380000	with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
F16H0015400000	in which two members co-operate by means of balls, or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
F16H0015420000	in which two members co-operate by means of rings or by means of parts of endless flexible members pressed between the first-mentioned members
F16H0015440000	in which two members of non-uniform effective diameter directly co-operate with one another
F16H0015460000	Gearings providing a discontinuous or stepped range of gear ratios
F16H0015480000	with members having orbital motion
F16H0015500000	Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
F16H0015520000	in which a member of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of another member
F16H0015540000	in which two members co-operate by means of rings or by means of parts of endless flexible members pressed between the first-mentioned members
F16H0015560000	Gearings providing a discontinuous or stepped range of gear ratios
F16H0019000000	Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion (with intermittently-driving members F16H0027000000-F16H0031000000; rope or like tackle for lifting or haulage B66D0003000000)
F16H0019020000	for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
F16H0019040000	comprising a rack
F16H0019060000	comprising an endless flexible member
F16H0019080000	for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion
F16H0021000000	Gearing for conveying or converting motion by means of levers, links, or cams (combinations of gearings of different types F16H0037000000)
F16H0021000000	Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides (F16H0023000000 takes precedence);;
F16H0021020000	the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement
F16H0021040000	Guiding mechanisms, e.g. for straight-line guidance (for drawing-machines B43L)
F16H0021060000	which can be made ineffective when desired
F16H0021080000	by pushing a reciprocating rod out of its operative position
F16H0021100000	all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
F16H0021120000	for conveying rotary motion
F16H0021140000	by means of cranks, eccentrics, or like members fixed to one rotary member and guided along tracks on the other
F16H0021160000	for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
F16H0021180000	Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
F16H0021200000	with adjustment of throw (adjustable cranks or eccentrics F16C0003280000; adjustable connecting-rods F16C0007060000)
F16H0021220000	with one connecting-rod and one guided slide to each crank or eccentric
F16H0021240000	without further links or guides
F16H0021260000	with toggle action
F16H0021280000	with cams or additional guides
F16H0021300000	with members having rolling contact
F16H0021320000	with additional members comprising only pivoted links or arms
F16H0021340000	with two or more connecting-rods to each crank or eccentric
F16H0021360000	without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and- crank motion
F16H0021380000	with means for temporary energy accumulation, e.g. to overcome dead-centre positions
F16H0021400000	for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion
F16H0021420000	with adjustable throw
F16H0021440000	for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
F16H0021460000	with movements in three dimensions
F16H0021480000	for conveying rotary motion
F16H0021500000	for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
F16H0021520000	for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion
F16H0021540000	for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
F16H0023000000	Wobble-plate gearings; Oblique-crank gearings
F16H0023020000	with adjustment of throw by changing the position of the wobble-member (F16H0029040000, F16H0033100000 take precedence);;
F16H0023040000	with non-rotary wobble-members
F16H0023060000	with sliding members hinged to reciprocating members
F16H0023080000	connected to reciprocating members by connecting-rods
F16H0023100000	with rotary wobble-plates with plane surfaces
F16H0025000000	Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
F16H0025020000	the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement
F16H0025040000	for conveying rotary motion
F16H0025060000	with intermediate members guided along tracks on both rotary members
F16H0025080000	for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion (F16H0023000000 takes precedence);;
F16H0025100000	with adjustable throw (adjustable cams F16H0053040000)
F16H0025120000	with reciprocation along the axis of rotation, e.g. gearings with helical grooves and automatic reversal (screw mechanisms without automatic reversal F16H0025200000)
F16H0025140000	with reciprocation perpendicular to the axis of rotation (F16H0021360000 takes precedence);;
F16H0025160000	for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion
F16H0025180000	for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
F16H0025200000	Screw mechanisms (with automatic reversal F16H0025120000)
F16H0025220000	with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
F16H0025240000	Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts (F16H0025220000 takes precedence);;
F16H0027000000	Gearings with intermittently-driving members
F16H0027000000	Step-by-step mechanisms without freewheel members, e.g. Geneva drives (rotary gearings with cyclically-varying velocity ratio F16H0035020000; impulse couplings F16D0005000000; clockwork escapements G04B0015000000)
F16H0027020000	with at least one reciprocating or oscillating transmission member
F16H0027040000	for converting continuous rotation into a step-by-step rotary movement
F16H0027060000	Mechanisms with driving pins in driven slots, e.g. Geneva drives
F16H0027080000	with driving toothed gears with interrupted toothing
F16H0027100000	obtained by means of disengageable transmission members, combined or not combined with mechanisms according to group ; F16H0027060000;  or F16H0027080000
F16H0029000000	Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action (freewheels F16D0041000000)
F16H0029020000	between one of the shafts and an oscillating or reciprocating intermediate member, not rotating with either of the shafts (F16H0029200000, F16H0029220000 take precedence);;
F16H0029040000	in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of a crank, an eccentric, a wobble-plate, or a cam, on one of the shafts
F16H0029060000	with concentric shafts, an annular intermediate member moving around and being supported on an adjustable crank or eccentric
F16H0029080000	in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of the path of movement, the location of the pivot, or the effective length, of an oscillating connecting member
F16H0029100000	in which the transmission ratio is changed by directly acting on the intermittently driving members
F16H0029120000	between rotary driving and driven members (F16H0029200000, F16H0029220000 take precedence);;
F16H0029140000	in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of an otherwise stationary guide member for the intermittently-driving members
F16H0029160000	in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of the distance between the axes of the rotary members
F16H0029180000	in which the intermittently-driving members slide along approximately radial guides while rotating with one of the rotary members
F16H0029200000	the intermittently-acting members being shaped as worms, screws, or racks
F16H0029220000	with automatic speed change
F16H0031000000	Other gearings with freewheeling members or other intermittently-driving members (F16H0021000000, F16H0023000000, F16H0025000000 take precedence;gearings involving the use of automatic changing-mechanisms, e.g. cyclically-actuated reversal gearings, see the appropriate groups);
F16H0033000000	Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
F16H0033020000	Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
F16H0033040000	Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought
F16H0033060000	based essentially on spring action (ratchet slip couplings F16D0007040000)
F16H0033080000	based essentially on inertia
F16H0033100000	with gyroscopic action, e.g. comprising wobble-plates, oblique cranks
F16H0033120000	with a driving member connected differentially with both a driven member and an oscillatory member with large resistance to movement, e.g. Constantinesco gearing
F16H0033140000	having orbital members influenced by regulating masses
F16H0033160000	which have their own free motion, or consist of fluid
F16H0033180000	of which the motion is constrained
F16H0033200000	for interconversion, based essentially on inertia, of rotary motion and reciprocating or oscillating motion
F16H0035000000	Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
F16H0035020000	for conveying rotary motion with cyclically-varying velocity ratio (speed-changing mechanisms operating cyclically, see the appropriate groups);;
F16H0035060000	Gearings designed to allow relative movement between supports thereof without ill effects (F16H0001260000, F16H0001480000 take precedence);;
F16H0035080000	for adjustment of members on moving parts from a stationary place
F16H0035100000	Arrangements or devices for absorbing overload or preventing damage by overload (couplings for transmitting rotation F16D)
F16H0035120000	Transmitting mechanisms with delayed effect (vibration- or shock-dampers in general F16F)
F16H0035140000	Mechanisms with only two stable positions, e.g. acting at definite angular positions
F16H0035160000	Mechanisms for movements or movement relations conforming to mathematical formulae (devices in which computing operations are performed mechanically G06G0003000000)
F16H0035180000	Turning devices for rotatable members, e.g. shafts (starting devices for internal-combustion engines F02N)
F16H0037000000	Combinations of mechanical gearings, not hereinbefore provided for (applications of underdrives or overdrives in motor vehicles, combinations with differential gearings in motor vehicles B60K)
F16H0037020000	comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
F16H0037040000	Combinations of toothed gearings only (F16H0037060000 takes precedence);;
F16H0037060000	with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
F16H0037080000	with differential gearing
F16H0037100000	at both ends of intermediate shafts
F16H0037120000	Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these three types (F16H0021140000, F16H0021280000, F16H0021300000 take precedence;toothed or friction gearing or cam gearing, with only an additional lever or link, see the appropriate group for the main gearing);
F16H0037140000	the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement
F16H0037160000	with a driving or driven member which both rotates or oscillates on its axis and reciprocates
F16H0039000000	Fluid gearing (fluid actuators F15B; couplings or clutches with a fluid or semifluid as power-transmitting means F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000; fluid-resistance brakes F16D0057000000)
F16H0039000000	Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution (control of exclusively fluid gearing F16H0061380000; application to lifting or pushing equipment B66F)
F16H0039010000	Pneumatic gearing; Gearing working with subatmospheric pressure (pneumatic hammers B25D0009000000)
F16H0039020000	with liquid motors at a distance from liquid pumps
F16H0039040000	with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit
F16H0039060000	pump and motor being of the same type
F16H0039080000	each with one main shaft and provided with pistons reciprocating in cylinders
F16H0039100000	with cylinders arranged around, and parallel or approximately parallel to, the main axis of the gearing
F16H0039120000	with stationary cylinders
F16H0039140000	with cylinders carried in rotary cylinder blocks or cylinder-bearing members
F16H0039160000	with cylinders arranged perpendicular to the main axis of the gearing
F16H0039180000	the connections of the pistons being at the outer ends of the cylinders
F16H0039200000	the connections of the pistons being at the inner ends of the cylinders
F16H0039220000	with liquid chambers shaped as bodies of revolution concentric with the main axis of the gearing
F16H0039240000	with rotary displacement members, e.g. provided with axially or radially movable vanes passing movable sealing members
F16H0039260000	with liquid chambers not shaped as bodies of revolution or shaped as bodies of revolution eccentric to the main axis of the gearing
F16H0039280000	with liquid chambers formed in rotary members
F16H0039300000	with liquid chambers formed in stationary members
F16H0039320000	with sliding vanes carried by the rotor
F16H0039340000	in which a rotor on one shaft co-operates with a rotor on another shaft
F16H0039360000	toothed-gear type
F16H0039380000	Displacement screw-pump type
F16H0039400000	Hydraulic differential gearings, e.g. having a rotary input housing with interconnected liquid chambers for both outputs
F16H0039420000	pump and motor being of different types
F16H0041000000	Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type (control of exclusively fluid gearing F16H0061380000)
F16H0041020000	with pump and turbine connected by conduits or ducts
F16H0041040000	Combined pump-turbine units
F16H0041220000	Gearing systems consisting of a plurality of hydrokinetic units operating alternatively, e.g. made effective or ineffective by filling or emptying or by mechanical clutches
F16H0041240000	Details
F16H0041260000	Shape of runner blades or channels with respect to function
F16H0041280000	with respect to manufacture, e.g. blade attachment
F16H0041300000	relating to venting, lubrication, cooling, circulation of the cooling medium
F16H0041320000	Selection of working fluids (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes);;
F16H0043000000	Other fluid gearing, e.g. with oscillating input or output
F16H0043020000	Fluid gearing actuated by pressure waves
F16H0045000000	Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches (F16H0041220000 takes precedence;conjoint control of driveline clutches and change-speed gearing in vehicles B60W0010020000, B60W0010100000)
F16H0045020000	with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type (control of torque converter lock-up clutches F16H0061140000)
F16H0047000000	Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing (conjoint control of driveline clutches and change-speed gearing in vehicles B60W0010020000, B60W0010100000)
F16H0047020000	the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
F16H0047040000	the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
F16H0047060000	the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type
F16H0047070000	using two or more power-transmitting fluid circuits (F16H0047100000 takes precedence);;
F16H0047080000	the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
F16H0047100000	using two or more power-transmitting fluid circuits
F16H0047120000	the members with orbital motion having vanes interacting with the fluid
F16H0048000000	Differential gearings
F16H0048020000	Transfer gears for influencing drive between outputs
F16H0048040000	having unequal torque transfer between two outputs
F16H0048060000	with gears having orbital motion
F16H0048080000	with orbital conical gears
F16H0048100000	with orbital spur gears
F16H0048120000	without gears having orbital motion
F16H0048140000	with cams
F16H0048160000	with freewheels
F16H0048180000	with fluid gearing
F16H0048200000	Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
F16H0048220000	using friction clutches or brakes
F16H0048240000	using positive clutches or brakes
F16H0048260000	using fluid action, e.g. viscous clutches
F16H0048280000	using self-locking gears
F16H0048300000	using externally-actuatable locking devices
F16H0049000000	Other gearing
F16H0051000000	Details of gearing or mechanisms (of screw-and-nut gearing F16H0025000000; of fluid gearing F16H0039000000-F16H0043000000; shafts, Bowden mechanisms, cranks, eccentrics, bearings, pivotal connections, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; chains, belts F16G; piston-rods F16J0007000000)
F16H0051000000	Levers (manipulating levers G05G)
F16H0051020000	adjustable
F16H0053000000	Cams; Non-rotary cams; Cam-followers, e.g. rollers (cams specially adapted for reciprocating-piston liquid engines F03C0001300000)
F16H0053020000	Single-track cams for single-revolution cycles; Camshafts with such cams
F16H0053040000	Adjustable cams
F16H0053060000	Cam-followers (F16H0053080000 takes precedence);;
F16H0053080000	Multi-track cams, e.g. for cycles consisting of several revolutions; Cam-followers specially adapted for such cams
F16H0055000000	Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms; Pulleys; Sheaves (pulley-blocks for lifting or hauling appliances B66D0003040000)
F16H0055020000	Toothed members; Worms
F16H0055060000	Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
F16H0055080000	Profiling
F16H0055100000	Constructively simple tooth shapes, e.g. shaped as pins, as balls
F16H0055120000	with body or rim assembled out of detachable parts
F16H0055140000	Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping (F16H0055060000 takes precedence;resilient coupling of wheel or wheel-rim with shaft F16D0003500000, F16D0003800000)
F16H0055160000	relating to teeth only
F16H0055170000	Toothed wheels (worm wheels F16H0055220000; chain wheels F16H0055300000)
F16H0055180000	Special devices for taking-up backlash
F16H0055200000	for bevel gears
F16H0055220000	for transmissions with crossing shafts, especially worms, worm-gears (bevel gears, crown wheels, helical gears F16H0055170000)
F16H0055240000	Special devices for taking up backlash
F16H0055260000	Racks
F16H0055280000	Special devices for taking up backlash
F16H0055300000	Chain wheels (specially adapted for cycles B62M)
F16H0055320000	Friction members (friction surfaces F16D0069000000)
F16H0055340000	Non-adjustable friction discs
F16H0055360000	Pulleys (with features essential for adjustment F16H0055520000)
F16H0055380000	Means or measures for increasing adhesion (in general F16D0069000000)
F16H0055400000	with spokes (F16H0055480000 takes precedence);;
F16H0055420000	Laminated pulleys
F16H0055440000	Sheet-metal pulleys
F16H0055460000	Split pulleys
F16H0055480000	manufactured exclusively or in part of non-metallic material, e.g. plastics (F16H0055380000, F16H0055420000, F16H0055460000 take precedence);;
F16H0055490000	Features essential to V-belt pulleys
F16H0055500000	Features essential to rope pulleys
F16H0055520000	Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
F16H0055540000	of which the bearing parts are radially adjustable
F16H0055560000	of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
F16H0057000000	General details of gearing
F16H0057020000	Gear-boxes; Mounting gearing therein
F16H0057040000	Features relating to lubrication or cooling
F16H0057050000	of chains (for conveyers B65G0045080000)
F16H0057080000	of gearings with members having orbital motion
F16H0057100000	Braking arrangements
F16H0057120000	Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
F16H0059000000	Control of gearing conveying rotary motion (orbital toothed gearings with a secondary drive in order to vary the speed continuously F16H0003720000; varying the speed ratio of driving or feeding mechanisms of machine tools B23Q0005120000, B23Q0005460000; conjoint control of drive units for vehicles B60W; cycle transmissions B62M; marine propulsion B63H)
F16H0059000000	Control inputs to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
F16H0059020000	Selector apparatus
F16H0059040000	Ratio selector apparatus
F16H0059060000	the ratio being infinitely variable
F16H0059080000	Range selector apparatus
F16H0059100000	comprising levers
F16H0059120000	comprising push button devices
F16H0059140000	Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
F16H0059160000	Dynamometric measurement of torque
F16H0059180000	dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal
F16H0059200000	Kickdown
F16H0059220000	Idle position
F16H0059240000	dependent on the throttle opening
F16H0059260000	dependent on pressure
F16H0059280000	Gasifier pressure in gas turbines
F16H0059300000	Intake manifold vacuum
F16H0059320000	Supercharger pressure in internal combustion engines
F16H0059340000	dependent on fuel feed
F16H0059360000	Inputs being a function of speed
F16H0059380000	of gearing elements
F16H0059400000	Output shaft speed
F16H0059420000	Input shaft speed
F16H0059440000	dependent on machine speed (F16H0059460000 takes precedence);;
F16H0059460000	dependent on a comparison between speeds
F16H0059480000	Inputs being a function of acceleration
F16H0059500000	Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
F16H0059520000	dependent on the weight of the machine, e.g. change in weight resulting from passengers boarding a bus
F16H0059540000	dependent on signals from the brakes, e.g. parking brakes
F16H0059560000	dependent on signals from the main clutch
F16H0059580000	dependent on signals from the steering
F16H0059600000	Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
F16H0059620000	Atmospheric pressure
F16H0059640000	Atmospheric temperature
F16H0059660000	Road conditions, e.g. slope, slippery
F16H0059680000	Inputs being a function of gearing status
F16H0059700000	dependent on the ratio established
F16H0059720000	dependent on oil characteristics, e.g. temperature, viscosity
F16H0059740000	Inputs being a function of engine parameters (F16H0059140000 takes precedence);;
F16H0059760000	Number of cylinders operating
F16H0059780000	Temperature
F16H0061000000	Control functions within change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
F16H0061020000	characterised by the signals used
F16H0061040000	Smoothing ratio shift
F16H0061060000	by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure
F16H0061080000	Timing control
F16H0061100000	Regulating shift hysteresis
F16H0061120000	Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe
F16H0061140000	Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
F16H0061160000	Inhibiting shift during unfavourable conditions (F16H0061180000 takes precedence);;
F16H0061180000	Preventing unintentional or unsafe shift (constructional features of the final output mechanisms F16H0063300000)
F16H0061200000	Preventing gear creeping
F16H0061210000	Providing engine brake control
F16H0061220000	Locking (F16H0063340000 takes precedence);;
F16H0061240000	Providing feel, e.g. to enable selection
F16H0061260000	Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
F16H0061280000	with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
F16H0061300000	Hydraulic motors therefor
F16H0061320000	Electric motors therefor
F16H0061340000	comprising two mechanisms, one for the preselection movement, and one for the shifting movement (F16H0061360000 takes precedence);;
F16H0061360000	with at least one movement being transmitted by a cable
F16H0061380000	Control of exclusively fluid gearing
F16H0061400000	hydrostatic (involving modification of the gearing F16H0039020000, F16H0039040000)
F16H0061420000	involving adjustment of a pump or motor with adjustable output or capacity
F16H0061440000	by varying the number of pump or motor units in operation
F16H0061460000	Automatic regulation in accordance with output requirements (servomotors G05B)
F16H0061480000	hydrodynamic
F16H0061500000	controlled by changing the flow, force, or reaction of the liquid in the working circuit, while maintaining a completely filled working circuit
F16H0061520000	by altering the position of blades
F16H0061540000	by means of axially-shiftable blade runners
F16H0061560000	to change the blade angle
F16H0061580000	by change of the mechanical connection of, or between, the runners
F16H0061600000	exclusively by the use of freewheel clutches
F16H0061620000	involving use of a speed-changing gearing or of a clutch in the connection between runners (F16H0045020000, F16H0061600000 take precedence);;
F16H0061640000	controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit
F16H0061660000	specially adapted for continuously variable gearings (F16H0061380000 takes precedence);;
F16H0061662000	with endless flexible members
F16H0061664000	Friction gearings
F16H0061680000	specially adapted for stepped gearings
F16H0061682000	with interruption of drive
F16H0061684000	without interruption of drive
F16H0061686000	with orbital gears
F16H0061688000	with two inputs, e.g. selection of one of two torque-flow paths by clutches
F16H0061700000	specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
F16H0063000000	Control outputs to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
F16H0063020000	Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
F16H0063040000	a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
F16H0063060000	the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
F16H0063080000	Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
F16H0063100000	the final actuating mechanism having a series of independent ways of movement, each way of movement being associated with only one final output mechanism
F16H0063120000	two or more ways of movement occurring simultaneously
F16H0063140000	the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by repeated movement of the final actuating mechanism
F16H0063160000	the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
F16H0063180000	the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
F16H0063200000	with preselection and subsequent movement of each final output mechanism by movement of the final actuating mechanism in two different ways, e.g. guided by a shift gate
F16H0063220000	the final output mechanisms being simultaneously moved by the final actuating mechanism
F16H0063240000	each of the final output mechanisms being moved by only one of the various final actuating mechanisms
F16H0063260000	some of the movements of the final output mechanisms being caused by another final output mechanism
F16H0063280000	two or more final actuating mechanisms moving the same final output mechanism
F16H0063300000	Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
F16H0063320000	Gear shifter yokes
F16H0063340000	Locking or disabling mechanisms
F16H0063360000	Interlocking devices
F16H0063380000	Detents
F16H0063400000	comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
F16H0063420000	Ratio indicator devices
F16H0063440000	Signals to the control unit of auxiliary gearing
F16H0063460000	Signals to a clutch outside the gearbox
F16H0063480000	Signals to a parking brake
F16H0063500000	Signals to an engine or motor
F16J	PISTONS; CYLINDERS; PRESSURE VESSELS IN GENERAL; SEALINGS
F16J0001000000	Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers (bellows pistons F16J0003060000; piston-rings or seats therefor F16J0009000000; rotary pistons, e.g. for "Wankel" type engines, F01C; specific for combustion engines, i.e. constructed to withstand high temperature or modified for guiding, igniting, vaporising, or otherwise treating the charge, F02F; pistons specially adapted for reciprocating-piston liquid engines F03C0001280000; for pumps F04B; floats F16K0033000000)
F16J0001010000	characterised by the use of particular materials (F16J0001020000 takes precedence);;
F16J0001020000	Bearing surfaces
F16J0001040000	Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons
F16J0001060000	with separate expansion members; Espansion members
F16J0001080000	Constructional features providing for lubrication
F16J0001090000	with means for guiding fluids (F16J0001080000 takes precedence);;
F16J0001100000	Connection to driving members
F16J0001120000	with piston-rods, i.e. rigid connections
F16J0001140000	with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
F16J0001160000	with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins
F16J0001180000	Securing of gudgeon-pins
F16J0001200000	with rolling contact, other than in ball or roller bearings
F16J0001220000	with universal joint, e.g. ball-joint
F16J0001240000	designed to give the piston some rotary movement about its axis
F16J0003000000	Diaphragms; Bellows; Bellows pistons (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000; bellows or the like used in instruments G12B0001040000; diaphragms for electromechanical transducers H04R0007000000)
F16J0003020000	Diaphragms
F16J0003040000	Bellows
F16J0003060000	Bellows pistons
F16J0007000000	Piston-rods, i.e. rods rigidly connected to the piston (connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends F16C0007000000)
F16J0009000000	Piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction in general (other sealings between pistons and cylinders F16J0003060000, F16J0015160000; tools for mounting or removing piston-rings or the like B25B; piston sealing arrangements on brake master cylinders B60T0011236000)
F16J0009020000	L-section rings
F16J0009040000	Helical rings
F16J0009060000	using separate springs expanding the rings; Springs therefor
F16J0009080000	with expansion obtained by pressure of the medium
F16J0009100000	Special members for adjusting the rings
F16J0009120000	Details
F16J0009140000	Joint-closures
F16J0009160000	obtained by stacking of rings
F16J0009180000	with separate bridge-elements
F16J0009200000	Rings with special cross-section (L-section rings F16J0009020000); Oil-scraping rings
F16J0009220000	Rings for preventing wear of grooves or like seatings
F16J0009240000	Members preventing rotation of rings in grooves
F16J0009260000	characterised by the use of particular materials
F16J0009280000	of non-metals
F16J0010000000	Engine or like cylinders (pressure vessels in general F16J0012000000; cylinders for engines or other apparatus of particular kinds, see the appropriate subclasses, e.g. for combustion engines F02F); Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
F16J0010020000	Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers
F16J0010040000	Running faces; Liners
F16J0012000000	Pressure vessels in general (covers therefor F16J0013000000; for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B01J, F17C, G21C)
F16J0013000000	Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general (for engine or like cylinders F16J0010000000; sealings F16J0015020000; covers for box-like containers B65D0043000000; devices for securing or retaining closure members B65D0045000000; closures for containers not otherwise provided for B65D0051000000; manholes, covers for large containers B65D0090100000; gates or closures for large containers B65D0090540000; for vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C0013060000; steam boilers F22B)
F16J0013020000	Detachable closure members; Means for tightening closures (F16J0013160000, F16J0013220000 take precedence);;
F16J0013040000	attached with a bridge member
F16J0013060000	attached only by clamps along the circumference
F16J0013080000	attached by one or more members actuated to project behind a part or parts of the frame (similar constructions for doors or windows E05C0009000000)
F16J0013100000	attached by means of a divided ring
F16J0013120000	attached by wedging action by means of screw-thread, interrupted screw-thread, bayonet closure, or the like
F16J0013140000	attached exclusively by spring action or elastic action
F16J0013160000	Pivoted closures (F16J0013220000 takes precedence);;
F16J0013180000	pivoted directly on the frame
F16J0013200000	mounted by mobile fastening on swinging arms
F16J0013220000	with movement parallel to the plane of the opening
F16J0013240000	with safety devices, e.g. to prevent opening prior to pressure release
F16J0015000000	Sealings (sealing arrangements for vehicle windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors, or similar devices B60J0010000000; sealing or packing elements for container closures B65D0053000000; sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines F01C0019000000; sealings in non-positive-displacement machines or engines F01D0011000000; arrangements of sealings in combustion engines F02F0011000000; sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps F04C0027000000; sealing lead-in or lead-through insulators H01B0017300000)
F16J0015020000	between relatively-stationary surfaces (F16J0015460000, F16J0015480000 take precedence);;
F16J0015040000	without packing between the surfaces, e.g. with ground surfaces, with cutting edge
F16J0015060000	with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
F16J0015080000	with exclusively metal packing
F16J0015100000	with non-metallic packing
F16J0015120000	with metal reinforcement or covering
F16J0015140000	by means of granular or plastic material, or fluid
F16J0015160000	between relatively-moving surfaces (F16J0015500000, F16J0015520000 take precedence;bellows pistons F16J0003060000; piston-rings or ring sealings of similar construction in general F16J0009000000; spindle sealings for valves F16K0041000000)
F16J0015180000	with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
F16J0015200000	Packing materials therefor
F16J0015220000	shaped as strands, ropes, threads, ribbons, or the like
F16J0015240000	with radially or tangentially compressed packing
F16J0015260000	with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings
F16J0015280000	with sealing rings made of metal
F16J0015300000	with sealing rings made of carbon
F16J0015320000	with elastic sealing lip
F16J0015340000	with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
F16J0015360000	connected by a diaphragm to the other member
F16J0015380000	sealed by a packing
F16J0015400000	by means of fluid
F16J0015420000	kept in sealing position by centrifugal force
F16J0015430000	kept in sealing position by magnetic force
F16J0015440000	Free-space packings
F16J0015447000	Labyrinth packings
F16J0015453000	characterised by the use of particular materials
F16J0015460000	with packing ring expanded or pressed into place by fluid pressure, e.g. inflatable packings (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000; specially adapted for tube connections F16L)
F16J0015480000	influenced by the pressure within the member to be sealed
F16J0015500000	between relatively-movable members, by means of a sealing without relatively-moving surfaces, e.g. fluid-tight sealings for transmitting motion through a wall
F16J0015520000	by means of sealing bellows or diaphragms (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000)
F16J0015530000	using magnetic means
F16J0015540000	Other sealings for rotating shafts
F16J0015560000	Other sealings for reciprocating rods
F16K	VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
F16K0001000000	Constructional types (check valves F16K0015000000)
F16K0001000000	Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces (diaphragm valves F16K0007000000)
F16K0001020000	with screw-spindle (F16K0001120000-F16K0001280000;  take precedence;actuating mechanisms with screw-spindles F16K0031500000)
F16K0001040000	with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves
F16K0001060000	Special arrangements for improving the flow, e.g. special shape of passages or casings
F16K0001080000	in which the spindle is perpendicular to the general direction of flow
F16K0001100000	in which the spindle is inclined to the general direction of flow
F16K0001120000	with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened
F16K0001140000	with ball-shaped valve members (check valves F16K0015040000)
F16K0001160000	with pivoted closure members
F16K0001180000	with pivoted discs or flaps
F16K0001200000	with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
F16K0001220000	with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
F16K0001226000	Shape or arrangement of the sealing
F16K0001228000	Movable sealing bodies
F16K0001240000	with valve members that, on opening of the valve, are initially lifted from the seat and next are turned around an axis parallel to the seat
F16K0001260000	Shape or arrangement of the sealing
F16K0001280000	Movable sealing bodies
F16K0001300000	specially adapted for pressure containers
F16K0001320000	Details (details of more general applicability F16K0025000000-F16K0051000000)
F16K0001340000	Cutting-off parts (F16K0001060000, F16K0001120000, F16K0001140000, F16K0001260000 take precedence);;
F16K0001360000	Valve members (for double-seat valves F16K0001440000)
F16K0001380000	of conical shape
F16K0001400000	of helical shape
F16K0001420000	Valve seats (for double-seat valves F16K0001440000)
F16K0001440000	Details of seats or valve members of double-seat valves
F16K0001460000	Attachment of sealing rings
F16K0001480000	Attaching valve members to valve-spindles
F16K0001500000	Preventing rotation of valve members
F16K0001520000	Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
F16K0001540000	Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
F16K0003000000	Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing (F16K0005000000 takes precedence;in barrages or weirs E02B0008040000)
F16K0003020000	with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor
F16K0003030000	with a closure member in the form of an iris-diaphragm
F16K0003040000	with pivoted closure members
F16K0003060000	in the form of closure plates arranged between supply and discharge passages (F16K0003100000 takes precedence);;
F16K0003080000	with circular closure plates rotatable around their centres
F16K0003100000	with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
F16K0003120000	with wedge-shaped arrangements of sealing faces
F16K0003140000	with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
F16K0003160000	with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together (F16K0003100000, F16K0003140000 take precedence);;
F16K0003180000	by movement of the closure members
F16K0003200000	by movement of the seats
F16K0003220000	with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution (F16K0013020000 takes precedence;with resilient valve members F16K0003280000)
F16K0003240000	with cylindrical valve members
F16K0003260000	with fluid passages in the valve member
F16K0003280000	with resilient valve members
F16K0003300000	Details
F16K0003312000	Line blinds
F16K0003314000	Forms or constructions of slides; Attachment of the slide to the spindle
F16K0003316000	Guiding of the slide
F16K0003320000	Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
F16K0003340000	Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
F16K0003360000	Features relating to lubrication
F16K0005000000	Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary (taps of the lift-valve type F16K0001000000)
F16K0005020000	with plugs having conical surfaces; Packings therefor
F16K0005040000	with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
F16K0005060000	with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
F16K0005080000	Details
F16K0005100000	Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
F16K0005120000	Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
F16K0005140000	Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
F16K0005160000	for plugs with conical surfaces
F16K0005180000	for plugs with cylindrical surfaces
F16K0005200000	for plugs with spherical surfaces
F16K0005220000	Features relating to lubrication
F16K0007000000	Diaphragm cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage (container gates or closures operating by deformation of flexible walls B65D0090560000; means for plugging pipes or hoses F16L0055100000)
F16K0007020000	with tubular diaphragm
F16K0007040000	constrictable by external radial force
F16K0007060000	by means of a screw-spindle, cam, or other mechanical means
F16K0007070000	by means of fluid pressure
F16K0007080000	constrictable by twisting
F16K0007100000	with inflatable member
F16K0007120000	with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm
F16K0007140000	arranged to be deformed against a flat seat
F16K0007160000	the diaphragm being mechanically actuated, e.g. by screw-spindle or cam
F16K0007170000	the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure
F16K0007180000	with diaphragm secured at one side only, e.g. to be laid on the seat by rolling action
F16K0007200000	with a compressible solid closure member
F16K0011000000	Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves; Arrangement of valves and flow lines specially adapted for mixing fluid
F16K0011020000	with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
F16K0011040000	comprising only lift valves
F16K0011044000	with movable valve members positioned between valve seats
F16K0011048000	with valve seats positioned between movable valve members
F16K0011052000	with pivoted closure members, e.g. butterfly valves
F16K0011056000	with ball-shaped valve members
F16K0011060000	comprising only sliding valves
F16K0011065000	with linearly sliding closure members
F16K0011070000	with cylindrical slides
F16K0011072000	with pivoted closure members
F16K0011074000	with flat sealing faces
F16K0011076000	with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
F16K0011078000	with pivoted and linearly movable closure members
F16K0011080000	comprising only taps or cocks
F16K0011083000	with tapered plug
F16K0011085000	with cylindrical plug
F16K0011087000	with spherical plug
F16K0011100000	with two or more closure members not moving as a unit
F16K0011120000	with one plug turning in another
F16K0011140000	operated by one actuating member, e.g. a handle (with one plug turning in another F16K0011120000)
F16K0011160000	which only slides, or only turns, or only swings in one plane
F16K0011180000	with separate operating movements for separate closure members
F16K0011200000	operated by separate actuating members (with one plug turning in another F16K0011120000)
F16K0011220000	with an actuating member for each valve, e.g. interconnected to form multiple-way valves
F16K0011240000	with an electromagnetically-operated valve, e.g. for washing machines
F16K0013000000	Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus (means for plugging pipes or hoses F16L0055100000); Arrangements for cutting-off
F16K0013020000	with both sealing faces shaped as small segments of a cylinder and the moving member pivotally mounted
F16K0013080000	Arrangements for cutting-off
F16K0013100000	by means of liquid or granular medium
F16K0015000000	Functional types
F16K0015000000	Check valves (valves specially adapted for inflatable balls A63B0041000000)
F16K0015020000	with guided rigid valve members
F16K0015030000	with a hinged closure member
F16K0015040000	shaped as balls
F16K0015060000	with guided stems
F16K0015080000	shaped as rings
F16K0015100000	integral with, or rigidly fixed to, a common valve plate
F16K0015120000	Springs for ring valves
F16K0015140000	with flexible valve members
F16K0015160000	with tongue-shaped laminae
F16K0015180000	with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves
F16K0015200000	specially designed for inflatable bodies, e.g. tyres (connecting valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000)
F16K0017000000	Safety valves; Equalising valves (pressure relief devices for aerosol containers B65D0083700000)
F16K0017020000	opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side (check valves F16K0015000000)
F16K0017040000	spring-loaded
F16K0017060000	with special arrangements for adjusting the opening pressure
F16K0017080000	with special arrangements for providing a large discharge passage
F16K0017100000	with auxiliary valve for fluid operation of the main valve
F16K0017120000	weight-loaded
F16K0017140000	with fracturing member
F16K0017160000	with fracturing diaphragm
F16K0017164000	and remaining closed after return of the normal pressure
F16K0017168000	combined with manually-controlled valves, e.g. a valve combined with a safety valve
F16K0017180000	opening on surplus pressure on either side
F16K0017190000	Equalising valves predominantly for tanks
F16K0017192000	with closure member in the form of a movable liquid column
F16K0017194000	weight-loaded
F16K0017196000	spring-loaded
F16K0017200000	Excess-flow valves (actuated in consequence of shock or similar extraneous influence F16K0017360000)
F16K0017220000	actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line
F16K0017240000	acting directly on the cutting-off member
F16K0017260000	operating in either direction
F16K0017280000	operating in one direction only
F16K0017300000	spring-loaded
F16K0017320000	acting on a servo-mechanism or on a catch-releasing mechanism
F16K0017340000	in which the flow-energy of the flowing medium actuates the closing mechanism
F16K0017360000	actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
F16K0017380000	of excessive temperature
F16K0017400000	with fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, fusible joint (valves with fracturing member opening on surplus pressure on one side F16K0017140000)
F16K0017420000	Valves preventing penetration of air in the outlet of containers for liquids
F16K0021000000	Fluid-delivery valves (specially adapted for aerosol containers B65D0083440000; for liquid handling B67D; for flushing devices for water-closets or the like E03D)
F16K0021020000	providing a continuous small flow
F16K0021040000	Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation
F16K0021060000	in which the closing movement, either retarded or not, starts immediately after opening
F16K0021080000	with ball-shaped closing members
F16K0021100000	with hydraulic brake cylinder acting on the closure member
F16K0021120000	with hydraulically-operated opening means; with arrangements for pressure relief before opening
F16K0021140000	with special means for preventing the self-closing
F16K0021160000	closing after a predetermined quantity of fluid has been delivered (F16K0021100000 takes precedence);;
F16K0021180000	closed when a rising liquid reaches a predetermined level (float-actuated valves F16K0031180000)
F16K0021200000	by means making use of air-suction through an opening closed by the rising liquid
F16K0023000000	Valves for preventing drip from nozzles
F16K0024000000	Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures (equalising valves F16K0017000000; arrangement or mounting in pipes or pipe systems F16L0055070000; venting or aerating as an additional function of steam traps or like apparatus F16T; ventilation of rooms, vehicles, see the appropriate subclass, e.g. F24F)
F16K0024020000	the enclosure being itself a valve, tap, or cock
F16K0024040000	for venting only (F16K0024020000 takes precedence);;
F16K0024060000	for aerating only (F16K0024020000 takes precedence);;
F16K0025000000	Details
F16K0025000000	Details relating to contact between valve members and seats (movement of valve members other than for opening and closing F16K0029000000; sealing constructions, see the appropriate groups according to the type of valve);
F16K0025020000	Arrangements using fluid issuing from valve members or seats
F16K0025040000	Arrangements for preventing erosion, not otherwise provided for
F16K0027000000	Construction of housings (methods for welding housings B23K); Use of materials therefor
F16K0027020000	of lift valves (for reducing the flow resistance of screw-spindle lift-valves F16K0001060000)
F16K0027040000	of sliding valves
F16K0027060000	of taps or cocks
F16K0027070000	of cutting-off parts of tanks, e.g. tank-cars
F16K0027080000	Guiding yokes for spindles; Means for closing housings; Dust caps, e.g. for tyre valves
F16K0027100000	Welded housings
F16K0027120000	Covers for housings
F16K0029000000	Arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening or closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking
F16K0029020000	providing for continuous motion
F16K0031000000	Operating means; Releasing devices
F16K0031020000	electric; magnetic
F16K0031040000	using a motor
F16K0031050000	specially adapted for operating hand-operated valves or for combined motor and hand operation
F16K0031060000	using a magnet
F16K0031080000	using a permanent magnet
F16K0031100000	with additional mechanism between armature and closure member
F16K0031110000	with additional hand operating means
F16K0031120000	actuated by fluid (fluid-actuated check valves F16K0015000000; fluid-actuated safety valves F16K0017000000)
F16K0031122000	the fluid acting on a piston (F16K0031143000, F16K0031163000, F16K0031363000, F16K0031383000 take precedence);;
F16K0031124000	servo actuated
F16K0031126000	the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like (F16K0031145000, F16K0031165000, F16K0031365000, F16K0031385000 take precedence);;
F16K0031128000	servo actuated
F16K0031140000	for mounting on, or in combination with, hand-actuated valves
F16K0031143000	the fluid acting on a piston
F16K0031145000	the fluid acting on a diaphragm
F16K0031160000	with a mechanism, other than pulling- or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member (with float F16K0031180000)
F16K0031163000	the fluid acting on a piston
F16K0031165000	the fluid acting on a diaphragm
F16K0031180000	actuated by a float (floats F16K0033000000; float-actuated valves in steam-traps F16T0001200000, in boilers F22D0005080000)
F16K0031200000	actuating a lift valve
F16K0031220000	with the float rigidly connected to the valve
F16K0031240000	with a transmission with parts linked together from a single float to a single valve
F16K0031260000	with the valve guided for rectilinear movement and the float attached to a pivoted arm
F16K0031280000	with two or more floats actuating one valve
F16K0031300000	actuating a gate valve or sliding valve
F16K0031320000	actuating a tap or cock
F16K0031340000	acting on pilot valve controlling the cut-off apparatus
F16K0031360000	in which fluid from the conduit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
F16K0031363000	the fluid acting on a piston (F16K0031380000 takes precedence);;
F16K0031365000	the fluid acting on a diaphragm
F16K0031380000	in which the fluid works directly on both sides of the fluid motor, one side being connected by means of a restricted passage and the motor being actuated by operating a discharge from that side (F16K0031400000 takes precedence);;
F16K0031383000	the fluid acting on a piston
F16K0031385000	the fluid acting on a diaphragm
F16K0031400000	with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
F16K0031420000	by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor (F16K0031400000 takes precedence);;
F16K0031440000	Mechanical actuating means
F16K0031460000	for remote operation
F16K0031480000	actuated by mechanical timing-device, e.g. with dash-pot (self-closing valves F16K0021160000)
F16K0031500000	with screw-spindle
F16K0031520000	with crank, eccentric, or cam
F16K0031524000	with a cam
F16K0031528000	with pin and slot
F16K0031530000	with toothed gearing
F16K0031540000	with pinion and rack
F16K0031560000	without stable intermediate position, e.g. with snap action
F16K0031580000	comprising a movable discharge-nozzle
F16K0031600000	Handles
F16K0031620000	Pedals or like operating members, e.g. actuated by knee or hip
F16K0031640000	responsive to temperature variation (dependant on excessive temperature F16K0017380000; control of fire-fighting equipment A62C0037000000; devices for preventing bursting of water pipes by freezing E03B0007100000)
F16K0031660000	electrically or magnetically actuated, e.g. by magnets with variable magnetic characteristics
F16K0031680000	actuated by fluid pressure or volumetric variation in a confined chamber
F16K0031700000	mechanically actuated, e.g. by a bimetallic strip
F16K0031720000	Operating means or releasing devices specifically adapted to enhance the speed of valve response
F16K0033000000	Floats for actuation of valves or other apparatus
F16K0035000000	Means to prevent accidental or unauthorised actuation
F16K0035020000	to be locked or disconnected by means of a push or pull
F16K0035040000	yieldingly resisting the actuation
F16K0035060000	using a removable actuating or locking member, e.g. a key (F16K0035100000, F16K0035120000 take precedence);;
F16K0035080000	requiring setting according to a code, e.g. permutation locks
F16K0035100000	with locking caps or locking bars
F16K0035120000	with sealing wire
F16K0035140000	interlocking two or more valves
F16K0035160000	with locking member actuated by magnet
F16K0037000000	Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
F16K0039000000	Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
F16K0039020000	for lift valves
F16K0039040000	for sliding valves
F16K0039060000	for taps or cocks
F16K0041000000	Spindle sealings
F16K0041020000	with stuffing-box
F16K0041040000	with at least one ring of rubber or like material between spindle and housing
F16K0041060000	with at least one ring attached to both spindle and housing
F16K0041080000	with at least one ring provided with axially-protruding peripheral closing-lip
F16K0041100000	with diaphragm, e.g. shaped as bellows or tube
F16K0041120000	with approximately flat diaphragm
F16K0041140000	with conical flange on the spindle which co-operates with a conical surface in the housing
F16K0041160000	with a flange on the spindle which rests on a sealing ring
F16K0041180000	sealing only when the closure member is in the opened position
F16K0043000000	Auxiliary closure means in valves, which in case of repair, e.g. rewashering, of the valve, can take over the function of the normal closure means; Devices for temporary replacement of parts of valves for the same purpose
F16K0047000000	Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy (for pipes F16L0055000000)
F16K0047020000	for preventing water-hammer or noise
F16K0047040000	for decreasing pressure, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member
F16K0047060000	with a throttle in the form of a helical channel
F16K0047080000	for decreasing pressure and having a throttling member separate from the closure member
F16K0047100000	in which the medium in one direction must flow through the throttling channel, and in the other direction may flow through a much wider channel parallel to the throttling channel
F16K0047120000	the throttling channel being of helical form
F16K0047140000	the throttling member being a perforated membrane
F16K0047160000	the throttling member being a cone
F16K0049000000	Means in or on valves for heating or cooling (for pipes F16L0053000000; thermal insulation in connection with pipes or pipe systems F16L0059160000)
F16K0051000000	Other details not peculiar to particular types of valves or cut-off apparatus
F16K0051020000	specially adapted for high-vacuum installations
F16K0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F16L	PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
F16L0001000000	Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water (soldering or welding B23K; lifting-gear and load-engaging elements B66; hydraulic installations, soil drainage E02B; excavations or underwater constructions E02D; machines for digging trenches in combination with pipe-assembly E02F; laying sewer pipes E03F0003060000; in earth boreholes or wells E21B; tunnelling E21D; laying electric, or combined optical and electric, cables H02G; making special pipe joints, see the relevant groups for the joints);
F16L0001024000	Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground (F16L0001120000 takes precedence);;
F16L0001026000	in or on a frozen surface
F16L0001028000	in the ground (F16L0001026000 takes precedence);;
F16L0001032000	the pipes being continuous (F16L0001038000 takes precedence);;
F16L0001036000	the pipes being composed of sections of short length (F16L0001038000 takes precedence);;
F16L0001038000	the pipes being made ; in situ
F16L0001060000	Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors
F16L0001090000	for bringing two tubular members closer to each other
F16L0001100000	for aligning
F16L0001110000	for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
F16L0001120000	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water (buoyant hoses F16L0011133000)
F16L0001140000	between the surface and the bottom
F16L0001150000	vertically
F16L0001160000	on the bottom
F16L0001180000	the pipes being S- or J-shaped and under tension during laying
F16L0001190000	the pipes being J-shaped
F16L0001200000	Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights (buoys B63B0022000000)
F16L0001225000	Stingers
F16L0001230000	Pipe tensioning apparatus
F16L0001235000	Apparatus for controlling the pipe during laying
F16L0001240000	Floats; Weights
F16L0001260000	Repairing or joining pipes on or under water (buoyant hoses F16L0011133000; joints per seF16L0013000000-F16L0049000000)
F16L0003000000	Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets (anchors for holding pipes on or under the ground F16L0001060000; noise absorbers in the form of specially adapted hangers or supports F16L0055035000; arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies F16L0059120000)
F16L0003010000	for supporting or guiding the pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points, e.g. movable channels (hauling- or hoisting-chains with arrangements for holding electric cables, hoses or the like F16G0013160000)
F16L0003015000	using articulated- or supple-guiding elements (arrangements for cranes of means for transmitting pneumatic, hydraulic or electric power to movable parts or devices B66C0013120000)
F16L0003020000	partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing (bands or chains F16L0003140000)
F16L0003040000	and pressing it against a wall or other support
F16L0003060000	with supports for wires
F16L0003080000	substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
F16L0003100000	divided, i.e. with two members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing
F16L0003110000	and hanging from a pendant (F16L0003140000 takes precedence);;
F16L0003120000	comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
F16L0003123000	and extending along the attachment surface
F16L0003127000	and extending away from the attachment surface
F16L0003130000	and engaging it by snap action
F16L0003133000	and hanging from a pendant (F16L0003140000 takes precedence);;
F16L0003137000	and consisting of a flexible band
F16L0003140000	Hangers in the form of bands or chains
F16L0003160000	with special provision allowing movement of the pipe (F16L0003010000 takes precedence;supporting pipes or cables inside other pipes or sleeves F16L0007000000)
F16L0003180000	allowing movement in axial direction
F16L0003200000	allowing movement in transverse direction
F16L0003202000	the transverse movement being converted to a rotational movement (F16L0003215000 takes precedence);;
F16L0003205000	having supporting springs
F16L0003210000	providing constant supporting spring force
F16L0003215000	the movement being hydraulically or electrically controlled
F16L0003217000	hydraulically
F16L0003220000	specially adapted for supporting a number of parallel pipes at intervals
F16L0003223000	each support having one transverse base for supporting the pipes (F16L0003230000, F16L0003237000 take precedence);;
F16L0003227000	each pipe being supported by a separate element fastened to the base
F16L0003230000	for a bundle of pipes or a plurality of pipes placed side by side in contact with each other (F16L0003237000 takes precedence);;
F16L0003233000	by means of a flexible band
F16L0003237000	for two pipes
F16L0003240000	with special member for attachment to profiled girders
F16L0003260000	specially adapted for supporting the pipes all along their length, e.g. pipe channels or ducts
F16L0005000000	Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions (installations of electric cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings H02G0003220000)
F16L0005020000	Sealing
F16L0005040000	to form a firebreak device
F16L0005060000	by means of a swivel nut compressing a ring or sleeve
F16L0005080000	by means of axial screws compressing a ring or sleeve
F16L0005100000	by using sealing rings or sleeves only
F16L0005120000	the pipe being cut in two pieces
F16L0005140000	for double-walled or multi-channel pipes
F16L0007000000	Supporting pipes or cables inside other pipes or sleeves, e.g. for enabling pipes or cables to be inserted or withdrawn from under roads or railways without interruption of traffic (sleeves for supporting pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points F16L0003010000)
F16L0007020000	and sealing the pipes or cables inside the other pipes, cables or sleeves
F16L0009000000	Pipes
F16L0009000000	Rigid pipes
F16L0009010000	of wood (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence);;
F16L0009020000	of metal (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence;finned pipes F28F)
F16L0009040000	Reinforced pipes
F16L0009060000	Corrugated pipes
F16L0009080000	of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence);;
F16L0009100000	of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence);;
F16L0009120000	of plastics with or without reinforcement (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence);;
F16L0009127000	the walls consisting of a single layer
F16L0009128000	Reinforced pipes
F16L0009133000	the walls consisting of two layers
F16L0009140000	Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000;  take precedence);;
F16L0009147000	comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
F16L0009153000	comprising only layers of metal and concrete with or without reinforcement
F16L0009160000	wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement
F16L0009170000	obtained by bending a sheet longitudinally and connecting the edges
F16L0009180000	Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies (joints therefor F16L0039000000)
F16L0009190000	Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
F16L0009210000	made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
F16L0009220000	Pipes composed of a plurality of segments
F16L0011000000	Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes (hose-like supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points F16L0003010000; suction-cleaner hoses A47L0009240000)
F16L0011020000	made of fibres or threads, e.g. of textile
F16L0011040000	made of rubber or flexible plastics
F16L0011060000	with homogeneous wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011080000	with reinforcements embedded in the wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011100000	with reinforcements not embedded in the wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011110000	with corrugated wall
F16L0011112000	having reinforcements embedded in the wall
F16L0011115000	having reinforcements not embedded in the wall
F16L0011118000	having arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. electrically conducting
F16L0011120000	with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011127000	electrically conducting
F16L0011133000	buoyant
F16L0011140000	made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
F16L0011150000	corrugated (F16L0011160000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011160000	wound from profiled strips or bands
F16L0011180000	Articulated hoses, e.g. composed of a series of rings
F16L0011200000	Double-walled hoses
F16L0011220000	Multi-channel hoses
F16L0011240000	wound from strips or bands (F16L0011160000 takes precedence);;
F16L0011260000	made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
F16L0013000000	Pipe joints; Hose nipples (special adaptations of pipe joints for use with water-closet bowls E03D0011130000)
F16L0013000000	Non-disconnectable pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints (joints for rigid pipes of plastics F16L0047000000)
F16L0013007000	specially adapted for joining pipes of dissimilar materials
F16L0013013000	Accessories therefor
F16L0013020000	Welded joints
F16L0013040000	with arrangements preventing overstressing
F16L0013060000	with tension-relief of the weld by means of detachable members, e.g. divided tensioning rings, bolts in flanges
F16L0013080000	Soldered joints
F16L0013100000	Adhesive or cemented joints
F16L0013110000	using materials which fill the space between parts of a joint before hardening
F16L0013120000	with a seal made of lead, caulked packing, or the like
F16L0013140000	made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
F16L0013160000	the pipe joint consisting of overlapping extremities having mutually co-operating collars
F16L0015000000	Screw-threaded joints (casing joints used in deep-drilling E21B0017080000; joints sealed primarily by means other than engagement of screw-threads, see the relevant groups characterised by the sealing arrangements);Forms of screw-threads for such joints
F16L0015020000	allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment by the use of a long screw-threaded part
F16L0015040000	with additional sealings
F16L0015060000	characterised by the shape of the screw-thread
F16L0015080000	with supplementary elements (F16L0015040000 takes precedence);;
F16L0017000000	Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure (compensating devices F16L0051000000)
F16L0017020000	with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
F16L0017025000	the sealing rings having radially directed ribs
F16L0017030000	having annular axial lips
F16L0017035000	the sealing rings having two lips parallel to each other
F16L0017040000	with longitudinally split or divided sleeve
F16L0017060000	with sealing rings arranged between the end surfaces of the pipes or flanges or arranged in recesses in the pipe ends or flanges
F16L0017067000	Plastics sealing rings
F16L0017073000	the sealing rings having two lips parallel to each other
F16L0017080000	Metal sealing rings
F16L0017100000	the packing being sealed by the pressure of a fluid other than the fluid in or surrounding the pipe (expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines F16L0051000000)
F16L0019000000	Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on, or into, one of the joint parts (F16L0017000000 takes precedence;if using bolts or equivalent connecting means F16L0023000000; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000)
F16L0019020000	Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member
F16L0019025000	the pipe ends having integral collars or flanges
F16L0019028000	the collars or flanges being obtained by deformation of the pipe wall
F16L0019030000	with flexible sealing rings between the sealing surfaces
F16L0019040000	using additional rigid rings, sealing directly on at least one pipe end, which is flared either before or during the making of the connection
F16L0019050000	with a rigid pressure ring between the screwed member and the exterior of the flared pipe end
F16L0019060000	in which radial clamping is obtained by wedging action on non-deformed pipe ends
F16L0019065000	the wedging action being effected by means of a ring
F16L0019070000	adapted for use in socket or sleeve connections
F16L0019075000	specially adapted for spigot-and-socket joints
F16L0019080000	with metal rings which bite into the wall of the pipe
F16L0019100000	the profile of the ring being altered
F16L0019120000	with additional sealing means
F16L0019140000	the rings being integral with one of the connecting parts
F16L0021000000	Joints with sleeve or socket (F16L0013000000, F16L0017000000, F16L0019000000 take precedence;connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L0049000000)
F16L0021020000	with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings (F16L0021060000, F16L0021080000 take precedence;if adjustability is essential F16L0027000000)
F16L0021025000	Rolling sealing rings
F16L0021030000	placed in the socket before connection (F16L0021025000 takes precedence);;
F16L0021035000	placed around the spigot end before connection (F16L0021025000 takes precedence);;
F16L0021040000	in which sealing rings are compressed by axially-movable members
F16L0021050000	comprising a first ring being placed on a male part and a second ring in the sleeve or socket
F16L0021060000	with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe ends (flanged joints F16L0023000000; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000)
F16L0021080000	with additional locking means (F16L0021060000 takes precedence;couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000)
F16L0023000000	Flanged joints (F16L0013000000, F16L0017000000, F16L0019000000 take precedence;adjustable joints F16L0027000000; for hoses F16L0033000000; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes, or pipe assemblies F16L0039000000; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L0049000000)
F16L0023020000	the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially (F16L0023120000 takes precedence);;
F16L0023024000	characterised by how the flanges are joined to, or form an extension of, the pipes
F16L0023026000	by welding
F16L0023028000	the flanges being held against a shoulder
F16L0023032000	characterised by the shape or composition of the flanges
F16L0023036000	characterised by the tensioning members, e.g. specially adapted bolts or C-clamps
F16L0023040000	the flanges being connected by members tensioned in the radial plane (F16L0023120000 takes precedence);;
F16L0023060000	connected by toggle-action levers (quick acting couplings tightened by toggle-action levers F16L0037200000)
F16L0023080000	connection by tangentially arranged pin and nut
F16L0023100000	with a pivoting or swinging pin
F16L0023120000	specially adapted for particular pipes
F16L0023140000	for rectangular pipes
F16L0023160000	characterised by the sealing means
F16L0023180000	the sealing means being rings
F16L0023200000	made exclusively of metal
F16L0023220000	made exclusively of a material other than metal
F16L0023240000	specially adapted for unequal expansion of the parts of the joint
F16L0025000000	Construction or details of pipe joints not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups  F16L0013000000-F16L0023000000; (adjustable or allowing movement F16L0027000000; with fluid cut-off means F16L0029000000; quick-acting F16L0037000000; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes F16L0039000000; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L0049000000)
F16L0025010000	specially adapted for realising electrical conduction between the two pipe ends of the joint or between parts thereof (electrically-conductive connections between or with tubular conductors H01R0004600000)
F16L0025020000	specially adapted for electrically insulating the two pipe ends of the joint from each other
F16L0025030000	in non-disconnectable pipe joints
F16L0025040000	comprising a collar or ring having a threaded pin rigid with the pipe-encircling member
F16L0025060000	comprising radial locking means
F16L0025080000	in the form of screws, nails or the like
F16L0025100000	Sleeveless joints between two pipes, one being introduced into the other
F16L0025120000	Joints for pipes being spaced apart axially
F16L0025140000	Joints for pipes of different diameters or cross-section
F16L0027000000	Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement (of the quick-acting type F16L0037500000; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies F16L0039040000; swivel joints in hose lines used for flushing boreholes E21B0021020000)
F16L0027020000	Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
F16L0027040000	with partly-spherical engaging surfaces
F16L0027047000	held in place by a screwed member having an internal spherical surface
F16L0027053000	held in place by bolts passing through flanges
F16L0027060000	with special sealing means between the engaging surfaces
F16L0027067000	the sealing means being actuated by the medium pressure
F16L0027073000	one of the cooperating surfaces forming the sealing means
F16L0027080000	allowing adjustment or movement only about the axis of one pipe
F16L0027087000	Joints with radial fluid passages
F16L0027093000	of the "banjo" type, i.e. pivoting right-angle couplings
F16L0027100000	comprising a flexible connection only
F16L0027103000	in which a flexible element, e.g. a rubber-metal laminate, which undergoes constraints consisting of shear and flexure, is sandwiched between partly curved surfaces
F16L0027107000	the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
F16L0027108000	the sleeve having the form of a bellows with only one corrugation
F16L0027110000	the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations
F16L0027111000	the bellows being reinforced
F16L0027113000	the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a rigid sleeve
F16L0027120000	allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment or movement (by use of screw-thread F16L0015020000)
F16L0029000000	Joints with fluid cut-off means (quick-acting joints with cut-off means F16L0037280000)
F16L0029020000	with a cut-off device in one of the two pipe ends, the cut-off device being automatically opened when the coupling is applied
F16L0029040000	with a cut-off device in each of the two pipe ends, the cut-off devices being automatically opened when the coupling is applied
F16L0031000000	Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves (F16L0033000000 takes precedence);;
F16L0031020000	for branching hoses
F16L0033000000	Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members (hand tools for inserting fittings into hoses B25B0027100000); Rigid hose-connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses (connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000)
F16L0033010000	specially adapted for hoses having a multi-layer wall
F16L0033020000	Hose-clips
F16L0033025000	tightened by deforming radially extending loops or folds
F16L0033030000	Self-locking elastic clips
F16L0033035000	fixed by means of teeth or hooks
F16L0033040000	tightened by tangentially-arranged threaded pin and nut
F16L0033060000	in which the threaded pin is rigid with the hose-encircling member
F16L0033080000	in which a worm coacts with a part of the hose-encircling member that is toothed like a worm-wheel
F16L0033100000	with a substantially-radial tightening member
F16L0033120000	with a pivoted or swinging tightening or securing member, e.g. toggle lever
F16L0033140000	with a taping-bolt, i.e. winding up the end of the hose-encircling member
F16L0033160000	with sealing or securing means using fluid pressure
F16L0033180000	characterised by the use of additional sealing means
F16L0033200000	Undivided rings, sleeves, or like members contracted on the hose or expanded inside the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members
F16L0033207000	only a sleeve being contracted on the hose
F16L0033213000	only a sleeve being expanded inside the hose
F16L0033220000	with means not mentioned in the preceding groups for gripping the hose between inner and outer parts
F16L0033230000	the outer parts being segmented, the segments being pressed against the hose by tangentially arranged members
F16L0033240000	with parts screwed directly on or into the hose (F16L0033220000 takes precedence);;
F16L0033260000	specially adapted for hoses made of metal
F16L0033280000	for hoses with one end terminating in a radial flange or collar
F16L0033300000	comprising parts inside the hoses only (F16L0033240000 takes precedence);;
F16L0033320000	comprising parts outside the hoses only (F16L0033240000 takes precedence);;
F16L0033340000	with bonding obtained by vulcanisation, gluing, melting, or the like
F16L0035000000	Special arrangements used in connection with end fittings of hoses, e.g. safety or protecting devices
F16L0037000000	Couplings of the quick-acting type (radially-binding sleeves F16L0017040000, F16L0021060000; connecting hoses to rigid members F16L0033000000; connections made automatically when vehicles are brought together B60D, B61G; specially adapted for lubricating devices F16N0021000000)
F16L0037020000	in which the connection is maintained only by friction of the parts being joined (F16L0037220000 takes precedence);;
F16L0037040000	with an elastic outer part pressing against an inner part by reason of its elasticity (with locking members F16L0037080000)
F16L0037050000	tightened by the pressure of a mechanical organ
F16L0037060000	tightened by fluid pressure
F16L0037080000	in which the connection between abutting or axially-overlapping ends is maintained by locking members (F16L0037220000-F16L0037260000;  take precedence);;
F16L0037084000	combined with automatic locking
F16L0037086000	by means of latching members pushed radially by spring-like elements
F16L0037088000	by means of a split elastic ring
F16L0037091000	by means of a ring provided with teeth or fingers
F16L0037092000	by means of elements wedged between the pipe and the frusto-conical surface of the body of the connector
F16L0037096000	by means of hooks hinged about an axis
F16L0037098000	by means of flexible hooks
F16L0037100000	using a rotary external sleeve or ring on one part
F16L0037107000	Bayonet-type couplings
F16L0037113000	the male part having lugs on its periphery penetrating into the corresponding slots provided in the female part
F16L0037120000	using hooks, pawls, or other movable or insertable locking members (F16L0037084000 takes precedence);;
F16L0037124000	using bolts, fixed to a flange, which are able to tilt in slots of another flange, and being maintained there by the tightening of nuts
F16L0037127000	using hooks hinged about an axis
F16L0037133000	using flexible hooks
F16L0037138000	using an axially movable sleeve
F16L0037140000	Joints secured by inserting between mating surfaces an element, e.g. a piece of wire, a pin, a chain
F16L0037150000	the element being a wedge
F16L0037160000	Joints tightened by the action of wedge-shaped hinged hooks
F16L0037180000	Joints tightened by eccentrics or rotatable cams
F16L0037200000	Joints tightened by toggle-action levers
F16L0037220000	in which the connection is maintained by means of balls, rollers, or helical springs under radial pressure between the parts
F16L0037230000	by means of balls
F16L0037240000	in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet-action
F16L0037244000	the coupling being co-axial with the pipe
F16L0037248000	Bayonet-type couplings
F16L0037252000	the male part having lugs on its periphery penetrating into the corresponding slots provided in the female part
F16L0037256000	the coupling not being coaxial with the pipe
F16L0037260000	in which the connection is made by transversely moving the parts together, with or without their subsequent rotation
F16L0037280000	with fluid cut-off means
F16L0037300000	with fluid cut-off means in each of two pipe-end fittings
F16L0037320000	at least one of two lift valves being opened automatically when the coupling is applied
F16L0037330000	the lift valves being of the ball type
F16L0037340000	at least one of the lift valves being of the sleeve type, i.e. a sleeve being telescoped over an inner cylindrical wall
F16L0037350000	at least one of the valves having an axial bore communicating with lateral apertures
F16L0037360000	with two lift valves being actuated to initiate the flow through the coupling after the two coupling parts are locked against withdrawal
F16L0037367000	with two gate valves or sliding valves
F16L0037373000	with two taps or cocks
F16L0037380000	with fluid cut-off means in only one of two pipe-end fittings
F16L0037400000	with a lift valve being opened automatically when the coupling is applied
F16L0037407000	the lift valve being of the ball type
F16L0037413000	the lift valve being of the sleeve type, i.e. a sleeve being telescoped over an inner cylindrical wall
F16L0037420000	the valve having an axial bore communicating with lateral apertures
F16L0037440000	with one lift valve being actuated to initiate the flow through the coupling after the two coupling parts are locked against withdrawal
F16L0037460000	with a gate valve or sliding valve
F16L0037470000	with a tap or cock
F16L0037480000	for fastening a pipe on the end of a tap
F16L0037500000	adjustable; allowing movement of the parts joined
F16L0037520000	Universal joints, i.e. with a mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
F16L0037530000	allowing adjustment or movement only about the axis of one pipe
F16L0037540000	for pipes under pressure which are supported only on one side
F16L0037560000	for double-walled or multi-channel pipes
F16L0037580000	the extremities of the two halves of the joint being pressed against each other without being locked in position
F16L0037600000	with plug and fixed wall housing
F16L0037620000	pneumatically or hydraulically actuated
F16L0039000000	Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
F16L0039020000	for hoses
F16L0039040000	allowing adjustment or movement
F16L0039060000	of the multiline swivel type, e.g. comprising a plurality of axially mounted modules
F16L0041000000	Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls (F16L0039000000 takes precedence;connections not designed for conveying fluid F16B0009000000; joints suitable for connecting together pipe ends, see the relevant groups);
F16L0041020000	Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
F16L0041030000	comprising junction pieces for four or more pipe members
F16L0041040000	Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor (apparatus or operations relating to metal-working steps, see the relevant classes for metal-working);;
F16L0041060000	making use of attaching means embracing the pipe
F16L0041080000	Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe (F16L0041020000 takes precedence);;
F16L0041100000	the extremity of the pipe being screwed into the wall
F16L0041120000	using attaching means embracing the pipe
F16L0041140000	by screwing an intermediate part against the inside or outside of the wall
F16L0041160000	the branch pipe comprising fluid cut-off means
F16L0041180000	the branch pipe being movable
F16L0043000000	Bends; Siphons (with cleaning apertures F16L0045000000; siphons for water-closets E03D0011180000; siphons in general F04F0010000000)
F16L0043020000	adapted to make use of special securing means
F16L0045000000	Pipe units with cleaning aperture and closure therefor
F16L0047000000	Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics (packing, for joints, adapted to sealing by fluid pressure F16L0017000000)
F16L0047020000	Welded joints; Adhesive joints
F16L0047030000	Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
F16L0047040000	with a swivel nut or collar engaging the pipe
F16L0047060000	with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end
F16L0047080000	with sealing rings arranged between the outer surface of one pipe end and the inner surface of the sleeve or socket, the sealing rings being placed previously in the sleeve or socket
F16L0047100000	the sealing rings being maintained in place by additional means
F16L0047120000	with additional locking means
F16L0047140000	Flanged joints
F16L0047160000	Screw-threaded joints
F16L0047180000	Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement
F16L0047200000	based principally on specific properties of plastics
F16L0047220000	using shrink-down material
F16L0047240000	for joints between metal and plastics pipes
F16L0047260000	for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
F16L0047280000	Joining pipes to walls or to other pipes, the axis of the joined pipe being perpendicular to the wall or to the axis of the other pipe
F16L0047300000	using attaching means embracing the pipe
F16L0047320000	Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
F16L0047340000	Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
F16L0049000000	Connecting arrangements, e.g. joints, specially adapted for pipes of brittle material, e.g. glass, earthenware
F16L0049020000	Joints with a sleeve or socket
F16L0049040000	Flanged joints
F16L0049060000	Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. swivel nut, screwed on, or into, one of the joint parts
F16L0049080000	Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement
F16L0051000000	Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines (telescopic pipes F16L0027120000)
F16L0051020000	making use of a bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
F16L0051030000	comprising two or more bellows
F16L0051040000	making use of bends, e.g. lyre-shaped
F16L0053000000	Heating or cooling pipes or pipe systems (preventing freezing of pipes, thawing frozen pipes E03B0007120000, E03B0007140000; pipe-line systems, pipe-lines F17D)
F16L0055000000	Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems (F16L0001000000-F16L0053000000, F16L0057000000, F16L0059000000 take precedence;repairing or joining pipes on or under water F16L0001260000; nozzles B05B; cleaning of pipes B08B0009020000, e.g. removal of blockages B08B0009027000; devices for preventing bursting of water pipes by freezing E03B0007100000; for domestic plumbing installations E03C0001000000; arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits of heat-exchangers F28F0011000000)
F16L0055020000	Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers (in valves F16K0047000000)
F16L0055027000	Throttle passages (influencing fluid flow F15D0001000000; control of fluid flow G05D0007000000)
F16L0055033000	Noise absorbers (F16L0055027000 takes precedence);;
F16L0055035000	in the form of specially adapted hangers or supports
F16L0055040000	Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
F16L0055045000	specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
F16L0055050000	Buffers therefor (accumulators F15B0001040000)
F16L0055052000	Pneumatic reservoirs
F16L0055053000	the gas in the reservoir being separated from the fluid in the pipe
F16L0055054000	the reservoir being placed in or around the pipe from which it is separated by a sleeve-shaped membrane
F16L0055055000	Valves therefor
F16L0055070000	Arrangement or mounting of devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating or draining (arrangement of draining devices in water-supply systems E03B0007080000; apparatus for draining F16K, F16T; venting or aerating devices per seF16K0024000000)
F16L0055090000	Air-conditioning, e.g. de-watering, in pneumatic systems (in general F24)
F16L0055100000	Means for stopping flow in pipes or hoses (F16L0029000000, F16L0037280000 take precedence;for covering leaks F16L0055160000; valves F16K)
F16L0055103000	by temporarily freezing liquid sections in the pipe
F16L0055105000	Closing devices introduced radially into the pipe or hose
F16L0055110000	Plugs
F16L0055115000	Caps
F16L0055120000	by introducing into the pipe a member expandable  in situ(inflatable cut-off valves F16K0007100000)
F16L0055124000	introduced radially into the pipe or hose
F16L0055128000	introduced axially into the pipe or hose
F16L0055130000	the closure device being a plug fixed by plastic deformation
F16L0055132000	the closure device being a plug fixed by radially deforming the packing
F16L0055134000	by means of an inflatable packing
F16L0055136000	the closure device being a plug fixed by radially expanding or deforming a split ring, hooks or the like
F16L0055160000	Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
F16L0055162000	from inside the pipe (specially adapted for bends, branch units, branching pipes, or the like F16L0055179000)
F16L0055163000	a ring, a band or a sleeve being pressed against the inner surface of the pipe
F16L0055164000	a sealing fluid being introduced in the pipe (F16L0055164500 takes precedence);;
F16L0055164500	a sealing material being introduced inside the pipe by means of a tool moving in the pipe
F16L0055165000	a pipe being inserted in the damaged section
F16L0055168000	from outside the pipe (specially adapted for bends, branch units, branching pipes, or the like F16L0055179000)
F16L0055170000	by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose (hose-clips for connecting hoses to rigid members F16L0033020000)
F16L0055172000	the ring, band or sleeve being tightened by a tangentially arranged threaded pin and a nut
F16L0055175000	by using materials which fill a space around the pipe before hardening
F16L0055178000	by clamping an outer gasket against a joint with sleeve or socket
F16L0055179000	specially adapted for bends, branch units, branching pipes or the like
F16L0055180000	Appliances for use in repairing pipes (F16L0055100000 takes precedence);;
F16L0055240000	Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
F16L0055260000	Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means (tunnel railway systems B61B0013100000; conveying articles through pipes or tubes, e.g. tube mail systems, B65G0051000000)
F16L0055280000	Constructional aspects
F16L0055300000	of the propulsion means, e.g. towed by cables
F16L0055320000	being self-contained
F16L0055340000	the pig or mole being moved step by step
F16L0055360000	jet driven
F16L0055380000	driven by fluid pressure
F16L0055400000	of the body
F16L0055420000	gelled or degradable
F16L0055440000	expandable
F16L0055460000	Launching or retrieval of pigs or moles
F16L0055480000	Indicating the position of the pig or mole in the pipe or conduit
F16L0057000000	Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L0007000000; used in connection with end fittings of hoses F16L0035000000; protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation F16L0058000000; protection thereof during transport B65D, e.g. B65D0059000000)
F16L0057020000	against cracking or buckling
F16L0057040000	against fire or other external sources of extreme heat
F16L0057060000	against wear (F16L0057040000 takes precedence);;
F16L0058000000	Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L0007000000; compound tubes F16L0009140000; cleaning pipes or tubes B08B0009020000)
F16L0058020000	by means of internal or external coatings (coatings for thermal insulation F16L0059000000; methods or machines for applying coatings, see the relevant places, e.g. B28B0021940000)
F16L0058040000	Coatings characterised by the materials used (F16L0058160000 takes precedence;compositions, see the relevant classes, e.g. C04B)
F16L0058060000	by cement, concrete, or the like
F16L0058080000	by metal
F16L0058100000	by rubber or plastics
F16L0058120000	by tar or bitumen
F16L0058140000	by ceramic or vitreous materials
F16L0058160000	the coating being in the form of a bandage (apparatus for covering cores by winding B65H0081000000)
F16L0058180000	specially adapted for pipe fittings
F16L0059000000	Thermal insulation in general (heat, sound insulation in buildings E04B; heat insulation of steam engines F01B0031080000; heat insulation in rotary piston machines or engines F01C0021060000; heat insulation of pumps F04C0029040000; thermal insulation of pressure vessels F17C0001120000; vessels not under pressure, with provision for insulation F17C0003020000)
F16L0059020000	Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes);;
F16L0059040000	Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool
F16L0059050000	in prefabricated shells or covers
F16L0059060000	Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
F16L0059065000	using vacuum (F16L0059075000 takes precedence);;
F16L0059070000	the air layer being enclosed by one or more layers of insulation
F16L0059075000	the air layer or the vacuum being delimited by longitudinal channels distributed around the circumference of a tube
F16L0059080000	Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
F16L0059100000	Bandages or covers for the protection of the insulation, e.g. against the influence of the environment or against mechanical damage (integral with insulating materials F16L0059020000)
F16L0059110000	Rigid covers for elbows
F16L0059120000	Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
F16L0059125000	Helical spacers
F16L0059130000	Resilient supports
F16L0059135000	Hangers or supports specially adapted for insulated pipes
F16L0059140000	Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems (F16L0059020000-F16L0059120000;  take precedence);;
F16L0059147000	the insulation being located inwardly of the outer surface of the pipe
F16L0059150000	for underground pipes
F16L0059153000	for flexible pipes
F16L0059160000	Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves, or the like (means in or on valves for heating or cooling F16K0049000000)
F16L0059180000	adapted for joints
F16L0059200000	for non-disconnectable joints
F16L0059210000	adapted for expansion-compensation devices
F16L0059220000	adapted for bends
F16L0101000000	Indexing scheme associated with groups F16L0055260000-F16L0055480000, relating to uses and applications of pigs or moles.
F16L0101000000	Uses or applications of pigs or moles
F16L0101100000	Treating the inside of pipes
F16L0101120000	Cleaning
F16L0101140000	Drying
F16L0101160000	Coating by application of fluent materials, e.g. painting
F16L0101180000	Lining other than coating
F16L0101200000	Expelling gases or fluids
F16L0101300000	Inspecting, measuring or testing
F16L0101400000	Separating transported fluids
F16L0101500000	Pulling cables or the like
F16L0101600000	Stopping leaks
F16L0101700000	Drill-well operations
F16M	FRAMES, CASINGS, OR BEDS, OF ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO AN ENGINE, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS OR SUPPORTS
F16M0001000000	Frames or casings of engines, machines, or apparatus; Frames serving as machinery beds
F16M0001020000	for reciprocating engines or similar machines
F16M0001021000	for housing crankshafts
F16M0001022000	of tunnel type, i.e. wherein the crankshaft can only be introduced axially (for engines or machines with star-shaped cylinder arrangement F16M0001023000)
F16M0001023000	specially adapted for engines or machines with star-shaped cylinder arrangement
F16M0001024000	facilitating assembly of power-transmitting parts of engines or machines, e.g. of connecting-rods
F16M0001025000	Assembling bearings in casings, e.g. having anchor bolts
F16M0001026000	for housing movable engine or machine parts other than crankshafts, e.g. valve-gear housings
F16M0001040000	for rotary engines or similar machines
F16M0001080000	characterised by being built-up of sheet material or welded parts
F16M0003000000	Portable or wheeled frames or beds, e.g. for emergency power-supply aggregates, compressor sets (construction of vehicles in general B60-B62)
F16M0005000000	Engine beds, i.e. means for supporting engines or machines on foundations
F16M0007000000	Details of attaching or adjusting engine beds, frames, or supporting-legs on foundation or base; Attaching non-moving engine parts, e.g. cylinder blocks (elastic or equivalent mounting for absorbing vibrations F16F, especially F16F0015040000)
F16M0009000000	Special layout of foundations with respect to machinery to be supported (foundations for machinery E02D0027440000)
F16M0011000000	Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon (without heads F16M0013000000; easels or stands for blackboards or the like A47B0097040000; show-stands A47F0007000000; for workmen E04G0001320000; supporting, suspending for lighting devices F21V0021000000; special modifications for particular apparatus or articles, see the appropriate subclasses);
F16M0011020000	Heads
F16M0011040000	Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
F16M0011060000	allowing pivoting
F16M0011080000	around a vertical axis
F16M0011100000	around a horizontal axis
F16M0011120000	in more than one direction
F16M0011140000	with ball-joint (ball-jointed hinges F16C0011060000)
F16M0011160000	Details concerning attachment of head-supporting legs, with or without actuation of locking members therefor
F16M0011180000	with mechanism for moving the apparatus relatively to the stand
F16M0011200000	Undercarriages with or without wheels
F16M0011220000	with approximately constant height, e.g. with constant length of column or of legs (F16M0011420000 takes precedence);;
F16M0011240000	changeable in height or length of legs, also for transport only (F16M0011420000 takes precedence);;
F16M0011260000	by telescoping, with or without folding (details concerning the constructional features of telescoping parts only F16B0007100000)
F16M0011280000	Undercarriages for supports with one single telescoping pillar
F16M0011300000	with co-moving side-struts
F16M0011320000	Undercarriages for supports with three or more telescoping legs
F16M0011340000	Members limiting spreading of legs
F16M0011360000	Members preventing slipping of the feet
F16M0011380000	by folding
F16M0011400000	by means of coilable or bendable legs
F16M0011420000	with arrangement for propelling the support
F16M0013000000	Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles (heads thereof F16M0011020000; adapted to be stuck in the ground A45F0003440000); Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles
F16M0013020000	for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
F16M0013040000	for supporting on, or holding steady relative to, a person, e.g. by chains
F16M0013060000	also serviceable for other purposes, e.g. to be used as spade, chair, ski-stick
F16M0013080000	for use as a walking-cane
F16N	LUBRICATING
F16N0001000000	Lubrication devices or arrangements for oil or grease
F16N0001000000	Constructional modifications of parts of machines or apparatus for the purpose of lubrication
F16N0003000000	Devices for supplying lubricant by manual action (draining equipment for liquid containers B65D)
F16N0003020000	delivering oil
F16N0003040000	Oil cans; Oil syringes
F16N0003060000	delivering on squeezing
F16N0003080000	incorporating a piston-pump
F16N0003100000	delivering grease
F16N0003120000	Grease guns
F16N0005000000	Apparatus with hand-positioned nozzle supplied with lubricant under pressure (F16N0003000000 takes precedence);;
F16N0005020000	Nozzles or nozzle-valve arrangements therefor, e.g. high-pressure grease guns
F16N0007000000	Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated (axle-box lubrication for railway rolling-stock B61F0017000000)
F16N0007020000	with gravity feed or drip lubrication
F16N0007040000	with oil flow promoted by vibration
F16N0007060000	Arrangements in which the droplets are visible
F16N0007080000	controlled by means of the temperature of the member to be lubricated (thermostats G05D)
F16N0007100000	incorporating manually-operated regulating means, e.g. spindles
F16N0007120000	with feed by capillary action, e.g. by wicks
F16N0007140000	the lubricant being conveyed from the reservoir by mechanical means (by pumping devices F16N0007360000, F16N0007380000; adaptations for lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines F01M)
F16N0007160000	the oil being carried up by a lifting device (scoop devices in general F04D)
F16N0007180000	with one or more feed members fixed on a shaft
F16N0007200000	with one or more members moving around the shaft to be lubricated
F16N0007220000	shaped as rings
F16N0007240000	with discs, rollers, belts, or the like contacting the shaft to be lubricated
F16N0007260000	Splash lubrication (mist lubrication F16N0007320000)
F16N0007280000	Dip lubrication
F16N0007300000	the oil being fed or carried along by another fluid (in internal-combustion engines F02F)
F16N0007320000	Mist lubrication (splash lubrication F16N0007260000)
F16N0007340000	Atomising devices for oil (atomising devices in general B05B)
F16N0007360000	with feed by pumping action of the member to be lubricated or of a shaft of the machine; Centrifugal lubrication
F16N0007380000	with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems
F16N0007400000	in a closed circulation system
F16N0009000000	Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a moving reservoir or the equivalent (also usable with a stationary reservoir F16N0007000000)
F16N0009020000	with reservoir on or in a rotary member
F16N0009040000	with reservoir on or in a reciprocating, rocking, or swinging member
F16N0011000000	Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups
F16N0011020000	Hand-actuated grease cups, e.g. Stauffer cups
F16N0011040000	Spring-loaded devices
F16N0011060000	Weight-loaded devices
F16N0011080000	with mechanical drive, other than directly by springs or weights (lubricating-pumps F16N0013000000)
F16N0011100000	by pressure of another fluid
F16N0011120000	by centrifugal action
F16N0013000000	Lubricating-pumps (oil cans with pump F16N0003080000; pumps for liquids in general F04)
F16N0013020000	with reciprocating piston (pumps with distributing equipment F16N0013220000)
F16N0013040000	Adjustable reciprocating pumps
F16N0013060000	Actuation of lubricating-pumps
F16N0013080000	by hand
F16N0013100000	with mechanical drive (F16N0013180000 takes precedence);;
F16N0013120000	with ratchet
F16N0013140000	with cam or wobble-plate on shaft parallel to the pump cylinder or cylinders
F16N0013160000	with fluid drive
F16N0013180000	relative movement of pump parts being produced by inertia of one of the parts or of a driving member
F16N0013200000	Rotary pumps (with distributing equipment F16N0013220000)
F16N0013220000	with distributing equipment (separate distributing equipment F16N0025000000)
F16N0015000000	Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions (F16N0017000000 takes precedence;lubricating compositions, selection of particular substances as lubricants in general C10M; bearings with surfaces incorporating lubricant F16C0033040000; lubrication specially adapted to machines or apparatus provided for in a single other class, see the relevant class for the machine or apparatus);
F16N0015020000	with graphite or graphite-containing compositions
F16N0015040000	with water (bearings working in water F16C)
F16N0017000000	Lubrication of machines or apparatus working under extreme conditions (additives to lubricating oil or lubricating grease C10M)
F16N0017020000	at high temperature (of turbines F01D, F02C; lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines F01M)
F16N0017040000	at low temperature (lubrication of refrigerating machines F25B)
F16N0017060000	in vacuum or under reduced pressure (lubrication of evacuating pumps F04; of rotary anodes of X-ray tubes H01J0035100000)
F16N0019000000	Details of lubricators or lubrication systems
F16N0019000000	Lubricant containers for use in lubricators or lubrication systems
F16N0021000000	Conduits; Junctions (in general F16L); Fittings for lubrication apertures
F16N0021020000	Lubricating nipples
F16N0021040000	Nozzles for connection of lubricating equipment to nipples
F16N0021060000	Covering members for nipples, conduits, or apertures
F16N0023000000	Special adaptations of check valves (check valves in general F16K)
F16N0025000000	Distributing equipment
F16N0025020000	with reciprocating distributing slide valve
F16N0025040000	with rotary distributing member (combined with oil pump F16N0013220000)
F16N0027000000	Proportioning devices (liquid meters G01F)
F16N0027020000	Gating equipment (multiple-way valves F16K; metering cocks G01F)
F16N0029000000	Special means in lubricating arrangements or systems providing for the indication or detection of undesired conditions; Use of devices responsive to conditions in lubricating arrangements or systems (in bearings F16C; constructions of apparatus outside the lubricating arrangements or systems, see the relevant classes);
F16N0029020000	for influencing the supply of lubricant
F16N0029040000	enabling a warning to be given; enabling moving parts to be stopped
F16N0031000000	Means for collecting, retaining, or draining-off lubricant in or on machines or apparatus (oil separators for separating oil from exhaust steam F22G)
F16N0031020000	Oil catchers; Oil wipers (oil-scraping rings for pistons F16J0009200000)
F16N0033000000	Mechanical arrangements for cleaning lubricating equipment; Special racks or the like for use in draining lubricant from machine parts
F16N0035000000	Care of lubricants
F16N0035000000	Storage of lubricants in engine-rooms or the like (storage containers B65)
F16N0037000000	Equipment for transferring lubricant from one container to another
F16N0037020000	for filling grease guns
F16N0039000000	Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system (cleaning of lubricating oil, lubricating compositions C10M)
F16N0039020000	by cooling (heat-exchangers in general F28)
F16N0039040000	by heating (heat-exchangers in general F28)
F16N0039060000	by filtration (filters in general B01D; magnetic separators B03C0001000000)
F16N0039080000	by diluting, e.g. by addition of fuel (lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines F01M)
F16N0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F16P	SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL
F16P0001000000	Devices protecting or preventing injuries to people
F16P0001000000	Safety devices independent of the control or operation of any machine (protective devices for the eyes or ears, worn on the body or carried in the hand, A61F0009000000, A61F0011000000)
F16P0001020000	Fixed screens or hoods
F16P0001040000	Screens or hoods rotating with rotary shafts
F16P0001060000	specially designed for welding
F16P0003000000	Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body (F16P0005000000 takes precedence);;
F16P0003020000	Screens or other safety members moving in synchronism with members which move to and fro
F16P0003040000	for machines with parts which approach one another during operation, e.g. for stamping presses
F16P0003060000	in which body parts of the operator are removed from the danger zone on approach of the machine parts
F16P0003080000	in connection with the locking of doors, covers, guards, or like members giving access to moving machine parts
F16P0003100000	in which the operation of locking the door or other member causes the machine to start
F16P0003120000	with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine (F16P0003080000 takes precedence);;
F16P0003140000	the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
F16P0003160000	with feeling members moved by the machine
F16P0003180000	Control arrangements requiring the use of both hands
F16P0003200000	for electric control systems
F16P0003220000	for hydraulic or pneumatic control systems
F16P0003240000	for mechanical controls
F16P0005000000	Emergency means for rendering ineffective a coupling conveying reciprocating movement if the motion of the driven part is prematurely resisted
F16P0007000000	Emergency devices preventing damage to a machine or apparatus (F16P0001000000, F16P0003000000, F16P0005000000 take precedence;indicating means, see the appropriate classes);
F16P0007020000	by causing the machine to stop on the occurrence of dangerous conditions therein (devices in bearings affected by abnormal conditions F16C)
F16S	CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
F16S0001000000	Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportions; Constructions comprising assemblies of such members (built-up gratings F16S0003000000; layered products B32B)
F16S0001020000	designed for being secured together edge to edge, e.g. at an angle; Assemblies thereof
F16S0001040000	produced by deforming or otherwise working a flat sheet (honeycomb or other core members for layered products B32B0003000000, e.g. B32B0003120000, B32B0003240000, B32B0003260000)
F16S0001060000	by deforming only
F16S0001080000	by cutting or perforating, with or without deformation
F16S0001100000	Composite members, e.g. with ribs or flanges attached (F16S0001020000 takes precedence);;
F16S0001120000	of substantial thickness, e.g. with varying thickness, with channels
F16S0001140000	Assemblies of such members with members of forms covered by group  F16S0003000000;  or F16S0005000000; (such other members being for jointing only F16S0001020000)
F16S0003000000	Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles (gratings or grilles formed from a sheet or the like F16S0001000000, particularly F16S0001080000; frames for doors, windows or the like E06B0001000000, E06B0003000000)
F16S0003020000	composed of two or more elongated members secured together side by side
F16S0003040000	designed for being joined to similar members in various relative positions
F16S0003060000	Assemblies of elongated members (F16S0003020000, F16S0003040000 take precedence);;
F16S0003080000	forming frameworks, e.g. gratings
F16S0005000000	Other constructional members not restricted to an application fully provided for in a single class
F16T	STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS
F16T0001000000	Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers
F16T0001020000	with valves controlled thermally
F16T0001040000	by expansion rods
F16T0001060000	by expansion tubes
F16T0001080000	by bimetallic strips or plates
F16T0001100000	by thermally-expansible liquids
F16T0001120000	with valves controlled by excess or release of pressure
F16T0001140000	involving a piston, diaphragm, or bellows, e.g. displaceable under pressure of incoming condensate
F16T0001160000	involving a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber communicating with one another, i.e. thermodynamic steam chambers
F16T0001180000	involving a vacuum chamber
F16T0001200000	with valves controlled by floats
F16T0001220000	of closed-hollow-body type
F16T0001240000	using levers
F16T0001260000	of upright-open-bucket type
F16T0001280000	using levers
F16T0001300000	of inverted-open-bucket type; of bell type
F16T0001320000	of rocking or tilting type
F16T0001340000	without moving parts other than hand valves, e.g. labyrinth type
F16T0001360000	specially adapted for steam lines of low pressure
F16T0001380000	Component parts; Accessories
F16T0001400000	Actuating mechanisms of ball valves
F16T0001420000	Actuating mechanisms of slide valves
F16T0001450000	Means for venting or aerating (separate devices therefor F16K0024000000)
F16T0001480000	Monitoring arrangements for inspecting, e.g. flow of steam and steam condensate
F17	STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS (water supply E03B)
F17B	GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY (self-acting gas cut-off devices A47J0027620000, G05D; flame traps A62C0004000000; gas mixers B01F, F16K0011000000, G05D0011000000; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H0007000000; gas compressors F04; valves F16K; damping pulsations in valves or pipes F16K, F16L; pipes F16L; stopping devices for gas mains F16L0055100000; vessels adapted for storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F17C; gas distribution systems F17D0001040000; detecting leakage F17D0005020000, G01M; supervising or alarm devices F17D0005020000, G08B; control of combustion in burners F23N; gas flow or pressure regulators G05D)
F17B0001000000	Gas-holders of variable capacity (large containers in general B65D0088000000; storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G0005000000)
F17B0001007000	with telescopically movable ring-shaped parts (F17B0001100000 takes precedence;sealing of rings F17B0001040000)
F17B0001013000	with movables discs (F17B0001100000 takes precedence;sealing of discs F17B0001040000)
F17B0001020000	Details
F17B0001040000	Sealing devices for sliding parts (in general F16J0015000000)
F17B0001060000	using sealing liquids
F17B0001080000	using resilient materials for packing, e.g. leather
F17B0001100000	Guiding moving parts
F17B0001120000	Gas admission or discharge arrangements
F17B0001140000	Safety devices, e.g. prevention of excess pressure
F17B0001160000	of wet type
F17B0001180000	bell-shaped
F17B0001200000	telescopic
F17B0001220000	spirally-guided
F17B0001240000	of dry type
F17B0001260000	with flexible walls, e.g. bellows (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C0029000000)
F17C	VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G0005000000; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H0007000000; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25)
F17C0001000000	Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge (pressurised apparatus for purposes other than storage, see the relevant subclasses such as A62C, B05B; associated with vehicles, see the appropriate subclass of classes B60-B64; pressure vessels in general F16J0012000000)
F17C0001020000	involving reinforcing arrangements
F17C0001040000	Protecting sheatings
F17C0001060000	built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
F17C0001080000	Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs
F17C0001100000	with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid (inhibiting corrosion of metallic material or incrustation in general C23F)
F17C0001120000	with provision for thermal insulation (thermal insulation in general F16L0059000000)
F17C0001140000	constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
F17C0001160000	constructed of plastics materials
F17C0003000000	Vessels not under pressure
F17C0003020000	with provision for thermal insulation (thermal insulation in general F16L0059000000)
F17C0003040000	by insulating layers (F17C0003080000 takes precedence);;
F17C0003060000	on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
F17C0003080000	by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask (for household use A47J0041020000)
F17C0003100000	by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
F17C0003120000	with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid (protection against corrosion in general C23F)
F17C0005000000	Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases (adding propellants to aerosol containers B65B0031000000)
F17C0005020000	for filling with liquefied gases
F17C0005040000	requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
F17C0005060000	for filling with compressed gases
F17C0006000000	Methods or apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
F17C0007000000	Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
F17C0007020000	Discharging liquefied gases
F17C0007040000	with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
F17C0009000000	Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
F17C0009020000	with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
F17C0009040000	Recovery of thermal energy
F17C0011000000	Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
F17C0013000000	Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
F17C0013020000	Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment (measuring in general G01)
F17C0013040000	Arrangement or mounting of valves (valves per seF16K)
F17C0013060000	Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member (closures for containers in general B65D)
F17C0013080000	Mounting arrangements for vessels
F17C0013100000	Arrangements for preventing freezing
F17C0013120000	Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion (flame traps A62C0004000000)
F17D	PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F04; fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B0009060000)
F17D0001000000	Pipe-line systems (conveying articles or materials through a pipe-line by means of a fluid carrier B65G0051000000, B65G0053000000; dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids B67D; special devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers into vehicles or boats or vice versa, e.g. loading or unloading vehicles or portable containers B67D0005000000; conveying material which has been excavated by a dredger or soil shifter through a pipe-line E02F0007100000; sewer pipe-line systems E03F0003000000; thermal insulation of pipe-lines F16L0059000000; central heating systems F24D)
F17D0001020000	for gases or vapours
F17D0001040000	for distribution of gas
F17D0001050000	Preventing freezing (by heating F16L0053000000)
F17D0001060000	for steam
F17D0001065000	Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
F17D0001070000	by compression
F17D0001075000	by mere expansion from an initial pressure level, e.g. by arrangement of a flow-control valve
F17D0001080000	for liquids or viscous products (water-main or service pipe systems E03B0007040000; domestic hot-water supply systems F24D0017000000)
F17D0001120000	Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
F17D0001130000	Conveying liquids or viscous products by gravity
F17D0001140000	Conveying liquids or viscous products by pumping
F17D0001160000	Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
F17D0001170000	by mixing with another liquid
F17D0001180000	by heating
F17D0001200000	Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves (fluid dynamics F15D; damping pulsations in fluids in pipes in general F16L0055040000)
F17D0003000000	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
F17D0003010000	for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
F17D0003030000	for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of several different products following one another in the same conduit, e.g. for switching from one receiving tank to another
F17D0003050000	the different products not being separated (separation of contaminants by distillation B01D0003000000)
F17D0003080000	the different products being separated by "go-devils", e.g. spheres (cleaning devices moved along the inside of pipe-lines by a fluid B08B0009053000)
F17D0003100000	for taking out the product in the line (investigating or analysing materials by determinating their chemical or physical properties G01N)
F17D0003120000	for injecting a composition into the line
F17D0003140000	for eliminating water (separation of liquids B01D, e.g. B01D0017000000; separation of gases or vapours B01D0053000000)
F17D0003160000	for eliminating particles in suspension (from liquids by sedimentation B01D0021000000; separation by filtration or otherwise B01D0024000000-B01D0051000000; centrifugal apparatus B04)
F17D0003180000	for measuring the quantity of conveyed product (measuring volume or volume flow, in general G01F)
F17D0005000000	Protection or supervision of installations (arrangements for protecting foundations E02D0031000000; protecting pipes from damage or internal or external wear F16L0057000000, against corrosion or scale F16L0058000000; investigation of the fluid-tightness of structures G01M0003000000)
F17D0005020000	Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
F17D0005040000	by means of a signalling fluid enclosed in a double wall
F17D0005060000	using electric or acoustic means
F17D0005080000	Protection of installations or persons from the effects of high voltage induced in the pipe-line (emergency protective circuit arrangements H02H)
F21	LIGHTING (electric aspects or elements, see section H, e.g. electric light sources H01J, H01K, H05B)
F21H	INCANDESCENT MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION (arrangements thereof F21V0036000000; burners F23D)
F21H0001000000	Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor
F21H0001020000	characterised by the material thereof
F21H0003000000	Manufacturing incandescent mantles; Treatment prior to use, e.g. burning-off; Machines for manufacturing
F21H0005000000	Solid incandescent bodies (incandescent mantles F21H0001000000)
F21K	LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
F21K0002000000	Light sources using luminescence (luminescent materials C09K0011000000; selection of luminescent materials for light screens F21V0009160000; using excitation by radioactivity G21H0003020000, H01J0065060000, H01J0065080000; transforming the wavelength of the light of gas- or vapour-discharge lamps by luminescence H01J0061420000; electroluminescent light sources H05B0033000000)
F21K0002040000	using triboluminescence; using thermoluminescence
F21K0002060000	using chemiluminescence
F21K0002080000	activated by an electric field, i.e. electrochemiluminescence
F21K0005000000	Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices (explosive or thermic compositions C06B; fireworks F42B0004000000; photographic flash units G03B0015030000)
F21K0005040000	Plural charges, e.g. associated for sequential ignition (F21K0005060000, F21K0005120000 take precedence);;
F21K0005060000	Charge containment
F21K0005080000	Charge held in non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
F21K0005100000	bearing a coating
F21K0005120000	Charge ignition
F21K0005140000	percussive
F21K0005160000	electrical (circuit arrangements H05B0043020000)
F21K0005180000	Electrically-ignited primers
F21K0005200000	Charge feeding means
F21K0005220000	Protective light shields
F21K0007000000	Other light sources
F21L	LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
F21L0002000000	Electric lighting
F21L0002000000	Systems of lighting devices
F21L0004000000	Devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells
F21L0004020000	characterised by provision of two or more light sources
F21L0004040000	characterised by provision of a light source housing portion adjustably fixed to the remainder of the device
F21L0004060000	with light source coupled to the remainder of the device solely by cable
F21L0004080000	characterised by means for ; in situ recharging of the batteries or cells
F21L0013000000	Devices with built-in electric generators (with solar cells F21L0004000000)
F21L0013020000	with fluid drive
F21L0013040000	actuated by hand
F21L0013060000	with mechanical drive, e.g. spring
F21L0013080000	by reciprocating pusher actuated by hand
F21L0014000000	Devices without a self-contained power source, e.g. for mains connection
F21L0014020000	capable of hand-held use, e.g. inspection lamps
F21L0014040000	carried on wheeled supports
F21L0017000000	 Non-electric lighting(candle holders F21V0035000000; burners, combustion apparatus F23)
F21L0017000000	Torches; Flares
F21L0019000000	Lanterns, e.g. hurricane lamps, candle lamps
F21L0021000000	Pocket-lamps, e.g. producing sparks
F21L0023000000	Miners' hand-lamps
F21L0026000000	Non-electric portable lighting devices, or systems thereof, not provided for in groups ; F21L0017000000-F21L0023000000
F21L0027000000	Devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice versa
F21S	NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF
F21S0002000000	; Electric lighting
F21S0002000000	Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups ; F21S0004000000-F21S0010000000, e.g. of modular construction
F21S0004000000	Devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
F21S0006000000	Devices intended to be free-standing (F21S0009000000, F21S0010000000 take precedence);;
F21S0008000000	Devices intended for fixed installation (F21S0009000000, F21S0010000000 take precedence;using a string or strip of light sources F21S0004000000)
F21S0008020000	of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters (F21S0008100000 takes precedence);;
F21S0008040000	intended only for mounting on a ceiling or like overhead structure (F21S0008020000 takes precedence);;
F21S0008060000	by suspension
F21S0008080000	with a standard
F21S0008100000	specially adapted for vehicles (arrangement of signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor, for vehicles in general B60Q)
F21S0008120000	providing a single shaped beam, e.g. asymmetric beam, e.g. for penetrating fog or for preventing glare
F21S0009000000	Devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing such devices
F21S0009020000	the power supply being a battery or accumulator
F21S0009030000	rechargeable by exposure to light
F21S0009040000	the power supply being a generator
F21S0010000000	Devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
F21S0010020000	changing colours (F21S0010040000 takes precedence);;
F21S0010040000	simulating flames
F21S0010060000	flashing, e.g. with rotating reflector or light source
F21S0011000000	Non-electric lighting (candle holders F21V0035000000; burners, combustion apparatus F23)
F21S0011000000	Devices or systems using daylight (building arrangements in general, building details E04; windows or the like E06B)
F21S0013000000	Devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape
F21S0013020000	Devices intended to be fixed, e.g. ceiling lamp, wall lamp
F21S0013040000	with a pendant
F21S0013060000	multi-branched, e.g. chandelier
F21S0013080000	with suspension from a stretched wire
F21S0013100000	with a standard, e.g. street lamp
F21S0013120000	Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp
F21S0013140000	Lighting systems
F21S0015000000	Devices or systems employing light sources not covered by group ; F21S0011000000;  or F21S0013000000
F21S0019000000	Devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice versa
F21V	FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
F21V0001000000	Details of those parts involved in light emission or distribution (optical elements or systems in general G02B)
F21V0001000000	Shades
F21V0001020000	Frames
F21V0001040000	rigid (F21V0001080000 takes precedence);;
F21V0001060000	foldable or collapsible
F21V0001080000	adjustable
F21V0001100000	Rotating shades
F21V0001120000	Composite shades
F21V0001140000	Covers for frames; Frameless shades
F21V0001160000	characterised by the material
F21V0001180000	the material being paper
F21V0001200000	the material being glass
F21V0001220000	the material being plastics
F21V0001240000	the material being metal
F21V0001260000	Manufacturing shades
F21V0003000000	Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses (with refracting properties F21V0005000000; with reflecting properties F21V0007000000)
F21V0003020000	characterised by the shape
F21V0003040000	characterised by the material; characterised by surface treatments or coatings
F21V0005000000	Refractors
F21V0005020000	of prismatic shape (F21V0005040000 takes precedence);;
F21V0005040000	of lens shape
F21V0005060000	Hanging lustres for chandeliers
F21V0005080000	producing an asymmetric light distribution
F21V0007000000	Reflectors
F21V0007040000	Optical design (F21V0007220000 takes precedence);;
F21V0007050000	plane
F21V0007060000	with parabolic curvature
F21V0007070000	with hyperbolic curvature
F21V0007080000	with elliptical curvature
F21V0007090000	with a combination of different curvatures
F21V0007100000	Construction (F21V0007220000 takes precedence);;
F21V0007160000	with provision for adjusting the curvature
F21V0007180000	with provision for folding or collapsing
F21V0007200000	specially adapted for facilitating cooling, e.g. with fins (cooling by other means, e.g. fluid, F21V0029000000)
F21V0007220000	characterised by the material; characterised by surface treatments or coatings
F21V0008000000	Use of light guides, e.g. fibre optic devices, in lighting devices or systems (light guides per se, structural details of arrangements with other optical elements G02B0006000000)
F21V0009000000	Light filters (coloured shades F21V0001000000); Selection of luminescent materials for light screens (luminescent materials per seC09K0011000000; electroluminescent light sources per seH05B0033000000)
F21V0009020000	for simulating daylight (F21V0009040000, F21V0009060000, F21V0009160000 take precedence);;
F21V0009040000	for filtering out infra-red radiation (using liquid-filled chambers F21V0009120000)
F21V0009060000	for filtering out ultra-violet radiation (F21V0009160000 takes precedence);;
F21V0009080000	for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light (F21V0009160000 takes precedence);;
F21V0009100000	with provision for variation of the colour or intensity (F21V0009120000 takes precedence);;
F21V0009120000	with liquid-filled chambers
F21V0009140000	for producing polarised light
F21V0009160000	Selection of luminescent materials for light screens
F21V0011000000	Screens not covered by groups ; F21V0001000000, F21V0003000000, F21V0007000000, F21V0009000000
F21V0011020000	using parallel laminae or strips, e.g. of Venetian-blind type (F21V0011060000 takes precedence);;
F21V0011040000	adjustable
F21V0011060000	using crossed laminae or strips; using lattices or honeycombs
F21V0011080000	using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
F21V0011100000	of iris type
F21V0011120000	of slot type
F21V0011140000	with many small apertures
F21V0011160000	using sheets without apertures, e.g. fixed (F21V0011020000, F21V0011060000 take precedence);;
F21V0011180000	movable, e.g. flaps, slides
F21V0013000000	Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups  F21V0001000000-F21V0011000000; (by means of a combination of two or more elements covered by a single one of main groups F21V0001000000-F21V0011000000, see the relevant group;changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of parts F21V0014000000)
F21V0013020000	Combinations of only two kinds of elements
F21V0013040000	the elements being reflectors and refractors
F21V0013060000	a reflector being rotatable
F21V0013080000	the elements being reflectors and filters
F21V0013100000	the elements being reflectors and screens
F21V0013120000	Combinations of only three kinds of elements
F21V0013140000	the elements being reflectors, refractors, and filters
F21V0014000000	Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of parts (reflectors with provision for adjusting the curvature F21V0007160000; light filters with provision for variation of colour or intensity F21V0009100000; screens using iris-type diaphragms F21V0011100000; adjustable mountings for lighting devices F21V0021140000)
F21V0014020000	by movement of light sources
F21V0014040000	by movement of reflectors
F21V0014060000	by movement of refractors
F21V0014080000	by movement of screens
F21V0015000000	Details of those parts not involved in light emission or distribution, e.g. fittings
F21V0015000000	Protecting lighting devices from damage (cooling or heating arrangements F21V0029000000; gas-tight or water-tight arrangements F21V0031000000)
F21V0015010000	Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts (F21V0015020000 takes precedence);;
F21V0015015000	Devices for covering joints between adjacent lighting devices; End coverings
F21V0015020000	Cages
F21V0015040000	Resilient mountings, e.g. shock-absorbers (in general F16F0015040000)
F21V0015060000	Thermal insulation
F21V0017000000	Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages (of light sources or light holders F21V0019000000; gas-tight or water-tight arrangements F21V0031000000)
F21V0017020000	with provision for adjustment (F21V0017040000-F21V0017080000;  take precedence;changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of parts F21V0014000000)
F21V0017040000	onto or by the light source
F21V0017060000	onto or by the lamp holder
F21V0017080000	onto the supporting or suspending arrangements of the lighting device, e.g. power cords, standards
F21V0017100000	characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening (F21V0017020000-F21V0017080000;  take precedence);;
F21V0017120000	by screwing
F21V0017140000	Bayonet-type fastening
F21V0017160000	by deformation of parts of the lighting device; Snap action mounting
F21V0017180000	Latch-type fastening, e.g. with rotary action
F21V0017200000	by toggle-action levers
F21V0019000000	Fastening of light sources or lamp holders (fastening electric light source solely by the coupling device H01R0033000000)
F21V0019020000	with provision for adjustment, e.g. for focusing (changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of parts F21V0014000000)
F21V0019040000	with provision for changing light source, e.g. turret
F21V0019060000	Fastening incandescent mantles or other incandescent bodies to lamp parts; Suspension devices for incandescent mantles or other incandescent bodies
F21V0021000000	Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices (F21V0017000000, F21V0019000000 take precedence;arrangement of signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor, for vehicles in general B60Q; stands for supporting apparatus or articles in general F16M0011000000); Hand grips
F21V0021002000	making direct electrical contact, e.g. by piercing (F21V0021350000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021005000	for several lighting devices in an end-to-end arrangement, i.e. light tracks
F21V0021008000	Suspending from a cable or suspension line
F21V0021020000	Wall, ceiling, or floor bases; Fixing pendants or arms to the bases (F21V0021080000 takes precedence;bases for movable standing lamps F21V0021060000)
F21V0021030000	Ceiling bases, e.g. ceiling roses (F21V0021040000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021040000	Recessed bases
F21V0021060000	Bases for movable standing lamps; Fixing standards to the bases (F21V0021080000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021080000	Devices for easy attachment to a desired place
F21V0021084000	Head fittings (for medical purposes A61B0001060000)
F21V0021088000	Clips; Clamps
F21V0021092000	Suction devices
F21V0021096000	Magnetic devices
F21V0021100000	Pendants, arms, or standards; Fixing lighting devices to pendants, arms, or standards (adjustable mounting F21V0021140000; construction of posts not peculiar to use with lighting devices E04H0012000000)
F21V0021104000	Pendants
F21V0021108000	Arms
F21V0021112000	Fixing lighting devices to pendants (F21V0021002000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021116000	Fixing lighting devices to arms or standards (F21V0021002000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021120000	capable of being elongated or shortened by the insertion or removal of intermediate pieces
F21V0021130000	Spring-loaded poles fixed at both ends
F21V0021140000	Adjustable mountings
F21V0021150000	specially adapted for power operation, e.g. by remote control
F21V0021160000	using wires or cords
F21V0021180000	operated by springs
F21V0021200000	operated by weights
F21V0021220000	telescopic
F21V0021240000	Lazy-tongs
F21V0021260000	Pivoted arms
F21V0021280000	adjustable in more than one plane
F21V0021290000	employing universal joints
F21V0021300000	Pivoted housings or frames
F21V0021320000	Flexible tubes
F21V0021340000	Supporting elements displaceable along a guiding element
F21V0021350000	with direct electrical contact between the supporting element and electric conductors running along the guiding element
F21V0021360000	Hoisting or lowering devices, e.g. for maintenance (F21V0021140000 takes precedence);;
F21V0021380000	with a cable
F21V0021400000	Hand grips
F21V0023000000	Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices (electric circuits per seH05B0039000000)
F21V0023020000	the elements being transformers or impedances
F21V0023040000	the elements being switches (safety devices F21V0025000000)
F21V0023060000	the elements being coupling devices
F21V0025000000	Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices (gas-tight or water-tight arrangements F21V0031000000; in general F16P; protective circuit arrangements per seH02H0007000000)
F21V0025020000	coming into action when lighting device is disturbed, dismounted, or broken
F21V0025040000	breaking the electric circuit
F21V0025060000	feeding a quenching fluid to the light source
F21V0025080000	cutting the incandescent filament
F21V0025100000	coming into action when lighting device is over-loaded, e.g. thermal switch
F21V0025120000	Flameproof or explosion-proof arrangements
F21V0027000000	Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels (storing lengths of cable in general B65H)
F21V0027020000	Cable inlets
F21V0029000000	Cooling or heating arrangements (air-treatment systems with air-flow over lighting fixtures F24F0003056000; lighting fixtures combined with outlets for air-treatment systems F24F0013078000)
F21V0029020000	Cooling by forcing air over or around the light source (cooling arrangements structurally associated with electric lamps H01J0061520000, H01K0001580000)
F21V0031000000	Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
F21V0031030000	with provision for venting
F21V0031040000	Provision of filling media (safety devices F21V0025000000; cooling arrangements F21V0029000000)
F21V0033000000	Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
F21V0035000000	Candle holders
F21V0036000000	Arrangements of mantles or other incandescent bodies on burners (attaching to lamp parts F21V0019060000)
F21V0036020000	in ceiling lamps
F21V0037000000	Details of lighting devices employing combustion as light source, not otherwise provided for
F21V0037020000	Special adaptation for protection against draughts
F21V0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F21W	INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
F21W0101000000	Use or application of lighting devices on or in vehicles
F21W0101020000	for land vehicles
F21W0101023000	for cycles
F21W0101027000	for motorcycles
F21W0101040000	for water vehicles
F21W0101060000	for aircraft
F21W0101080000	Interior lights
F21W0101100000	Head-, spot- or fog-lights
F21W0101120000	Direction indicator lights
F21W0101140000	Rear or stop lights
F21W0111000000	Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in group F21W0101000000
F21W0111020000	for roads, paths or the like
F21W0111023000	for pedestrian walkways
F21W0111027000	for indicating kerbs, steps or stairs
F21W0111040000	for waterways
F21W0111043000	for lighthouses or lightships
F21W0111047000	for light-buoys
F21W0111060000	for aircraft runways or the like
F21W0111080000	for handles or handrails
F21W0111100000	for personal use, e.g. hand-held
F21W0121000000	Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes
F21W0121020000	for fountains
F21W0121040000	for Christmas trees
F21W0121060000	for personal wear
F21W0131000000	Uses or applications of lighting devices or systems not provided for in groups F21W0101000000-F21W0121000000
F21W0131100000	Outdoor lighting
F21W0131101000	of tunnels or the like, e.g. under bridges
F21W0131103000	of streets or roads
F21W0131105000	of arenas or the like
F21W0131107000	of the exterior of buildings
F21W0131109000	of gardens
F21W0131200000	Lighting for medical use
F21W0131202000	for dentistry
F21W0131205000	for operating theatres
F21W0131208000	for hospital wards
F21W0131300000	Lighting for domestic or personal use
F21W0131301000	for furniture
F21W0131302000	for mirrors
F21W0131304000	for pictures
F21W0131305000	for refrigerators
F21W0131307000	for ovens
F21W0131308000	for aquaria
F21W0131400000	Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
F21W0131401000	for swimming pools
F21W0131402000	for working places
F21W0131403000	for machines
F21W0131403500	for sewing machines
F21W0131405000	for shop-windows or displays
F21W0131406000	for theatres, stages or film studios
F21W0131407000	for indoor arenas
F21W0131409000	for furnaces or kilns
F21W0131411000	for inspection of the interior of hollow structures, e.g. vessels, tubes
F21Y	INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OF THE LIGHT SOURCES
F21Y0101000000	Point-like light sources
F21Y0101020000	Miniature, e.g. light emitting diodes (LED)
F21Y0103000000	Elongated light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
F21Y0103020000	curved, e.g. ring-shaped
F21Y0103025000	U-shaped
F21Y0105000000	Planar light sources
F21Y0111000000	Light sources of form not covered by groups F21Y0101000000-F21Y0105000000
F21Y0113000000	Combination of light sources
F21Y0113020000	of different form
F22	STEAM GENERATION (chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases B01J; chemical generation of gas, e.g. under pressure, Section Cremoval of combustion products or residues, e.g. cleaning of the combustion contaminated surfaces of tubes of boilers, F23J; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; water heaters not for steam generation F24H, F28; cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers, F28G)
F22B	METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS (steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate F01K; domestic central-heating systems using steam F24D; heat exchange or heat transfer in general F28; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors G21)
F22B0001000000	General aspects of, or methods for, steam generation
F22B0001000000	Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method (use of solar heat F24J0002000000; jackets or other cooling means in which steam is generated and which serve for cooling other apparatus, see the subclasses for such apparatus);
F22B0001020000	by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
F22B0001040000	the heat carrier being hot slag, hot residues, or heated blocks, e.g. iron blocks
F22B0001060000	the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
F22B0001080000	the heat carrier being steam
F22B0001100000	released from heat accumulators
F22B0001120000	produced by an indirect cyclic process
F22B0001140000	coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays
F22B0001160000	the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
F22B0001180000	the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines (use of waste heat of combustion engines, in general, F02)
F22B0001200000	using heat evolved in a solution absorbing steam; Soda steam boilers
F22B0001220000	using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
F22B0001240000	Pressure-fired steam boilers, e.g. using turbo air compressors actuated by hot gases from boiler furnace
F22B0001260000	Steam boilers of submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised
F22B0001280000	in boilers heated electrically
F22B0001300000	Electrode boilers
F22B0003000000	Other methods of steam generation
F22B0003020000	involving the use of working media other than water
F22B0003040000	by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators (steam accumulators per seF01K0001000000)
F22B0003060000	by transformation of mechanical, e.g. kinetic, energy into heat energy
F22B0003080000	at critical or supercritical pressure values
F22B0005000000	Kinds of steam boilers
F22B0005000000	Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas
F22B0005020000	with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body
F22B0005040000	Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor (covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general F16J0013000000)
F22B0007000000	Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body
F22B0007020000	without auxiliary water tubes
F22B0007040000	with auxiliary water tubes
F22B0007060000	inside the furnace tube in transverse arrangement
F22B0007080000	inside the furnace tube in longitudinal arrangement
F22B0007100000	outside the boiler body
F22B0007120000	with auxiliary fire tubes; Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
F22B0007140000	with both auxiliary water tubes and auxiliary fire tubes
F22B0007160000	Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections
F22B0007180000	Walling of flues; Flue-gas header boxes
F22B0007200000	Furnace tubes
F22B0009000000	Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
F22B0009020000	the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber
F22B0009040000	the fire tubes being in upright arrangement
F22B0009060000	Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
F22B0009080000	the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement
F22B0009100000	the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber
F22B0009120000	the fire tubes being in substantially-horizontal arrangement
F22B0009140000	Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
F22B0009160000	the boiler body containing fire tubes disposed crosswise in inclined upward arrangement
F22B0009180000	Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections
F22B0011000000	Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type, i.e. steam boilers of fire-tube type having auxiliary water tubes
F22B0011020000	the fire tubes being in upright arrangement
F22B0011040000	the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement
F22B0013000000	Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body
F22B0013020000	mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed upright
F22B0013040000	mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed substantially horizontally
F22B0013060000	Locomobile, traction-engine, steam-roller, or locomotive boilers
F22B0013080000	without auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box
F22B0013100000	with auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box
F22B0013120000	the auxiliary water tubes lining the fire-box
F22B0013140000	Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor
F22B0013160000	Stay-bolt connections, e.g. rigid connections
F22B0013180000	Flexible connections, e.g. of ball-and-socket type
F22B0015000000	Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally
F22B0017000000	Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane
F22B0017020000	built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two header boxes in common for all sets, e.g. with flat header boxes
F22B0017040000	the water-tube sets being inclined in opposite directions, e.g. crosswise
F22B0017060000	the water-tube sets being bent angularly
F22B0017080000	the water-tube sets being curved
F22B0017100000	built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler
F22B0017120000	the sectional headers being in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement
F22B0017140000	the sectional headers being in horizontal or substantially-horizontal arrangement
F22B0017160000	Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor
F22B0017180000	Header boxes; Sectional headers
F22B0019000000	Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement
F22B0021000000	Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
F22B0021020000	built-up from substantially-straight water tubes
F22B0021040000	involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
F22B0021060000	the water tubes being arranged annularly in sets, e.g. in abutting connection with drums of annular shape
F22B0021080000	the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
F22B0021100000	the water tubes being arranged in staggered rows
F22B0021120000	involving two or more upper drums and two or more lower drums, e.g. with crosswise-arranged water-tube sets in abutting connection with drums
F22B0021140000	involving a single upper drum and two or more lower drums
F22B0021160000	the lower drums being interconnected by further water tubes
F22B0021180000	involving two or more upper drums and a single lower drum
F22B0021200000	involving sectional or subdivided headers in separate arrangement for each water-tube set
F22B0021220000	built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight
F22B0021240000	bent in serpentine or sinuous form
F22B0021260000	bent helically, i.e. coiled
F22B0021280000	bent spirally
F22B0021300000	bent in U-loop form
F22B0021320000	disposed horizontally in abutting connection with upright headers or rising water mains
F22B0021340000	built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
F22B0021360000	involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
F22B0021380000	Component parts thereof, e.g. prefabricated panels
F22B0021400000	built-up from water tubes arranged in a comparatively long vertical shaft, i.e. tower boilers
F22B0023000000	Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes of return type in unilaterial abutting connection with a boiler drum or with a header box, i.e. built-up from Field water tubes comprising an inner tube arranged within an outer unilaterally-closed tube
F22B0023020000	the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being horizontal or substantially horizontal
F22B0023040000	the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being vertical or substantially vertical
F22B0023060000	Component parts thereof, e.g. Field water tubes (heat-exchange tubes in general F28F)
F22B0025000000	Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes, or fire tubes, extending through the water tubes
F22B0027000000	Instantaneous or flash steam boilers
F22B0027020000	built-up from fire tubes
F22B0027040000	built-up from water tubes (F22B0027120000-F22B0027160000;  take precedence);;
F22B0027060000	bent in serpentine or sinuous form
F22B0027080000	bent helically, i.e. coiled
F22B0027100000	bent spirally
F22B0027120000	built-up from rotary heat-exchange elements, e.g. from tube assemblies
F22B0027140000	built-up from heat-exchange elements arranged within a confined chamber having heat-retaining walls
F22B0027160000	involving spray nozzles for sprinkling or injecting water particles on to or into hot heat-exchange elements, e.g. into tubes
F22B0029000000	Steam boilers of forced-flow type
F22B0029020000	of forced-circulation type
F22B0029040000	of combined-circulation type, i.e. in which convection circulation due to the difference in specific gravity between cold and hot water is promoted by additional measures, e.g. by injecting pressure-water temporarily
F22B0029060000	of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes (F22B0033000000 takes precedence);;
F22B0029080000	operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation
F22B0029100000	operating with sliding point of final state of complete evaporation
F22B0029120000	operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low-load periods, e.g. composite boilers
F22B0031000000	Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus (steam generation characterised by heating method F22B0001000000; combustion apparatus per seF23)
F22B0031020000	Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys
F22B0031040000	Heat supply by installation of two or more combustion apparatus, e.g. of separate combustion apparatus for the boiler and the superheater respectively
F22B0031060000	Installation of emergency heat supply
F22B0031080000	Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
F22B0033000000	Steam-generation plants; Control systems
F22B0033000000	Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association (arrangements or dispositions of steam-generation plants in marine vessels B63H0021000000)
F22B0033020000	Combinations of boilers having a single combustion apparatus in common
F22B0033040000	of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of water-tube type
F22B0033060000	of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type
F22B0033080000	of boilers of water-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type
F22B0033100000	of two or more superposed boilers with separate water volumes and operating with two or more separate water levels
F22B0033120000	Self-contained steam boilers, i.e. comprising as a unit the steam boiler, the combustion apparatus, the fuel storage, accessory machines, and equipment
F22B0033140000	Combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers
F22B0033160000	of forced-flow type
F22B0033180000	Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
F22B0035000000	Control systems for steam boilers (regulation or control of steam power plants F01K0007000000; for regulating feed-water supply F22D; for controlling superheat temperature F22G0005000000; control of combustion F23N)
F22B0035020000	for steam boilers with natural convection circulation
F22B0035040000	during starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
F22B0035060000	for steam boilers of forced-flow type
F22B0035080000	of forced-circulation type
F22B0035100000	of once-through type
F22B0035120000	operating at critical or supercritical pressure
F22B0035140000	during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
F22B0035160000	responsive to the percentage of steam in the mixture of steam and water
F22B0035180000	Applications of computers to steam-boiler control
F22B0037000000	Component parts or details of steam boilers (venting devices F16K0024000000; steam traps or like apparatus F16T)
F22B0037020000	applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
F22B0037040000	and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy
F22B0037060000	Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts
F22B0037080000	Fittings preventing burning-off of the tube edges
F22B0037100000	Water tubes; Accessories therefor (working of metal tubes B21D; pipes in general F16L; repairing leaks in water tubes F16L0055160000, F28F0011000000; cleaning water tubes of boilers F23J, F28G; baffles, screens, or deflectors formed of water tubes F23M0009100000)
F22B0037120000	Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
F22B0037140000	Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
F22B0037160000	Return bends
F22B0037180000	Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water
F22B0037200000	Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets (construction of tube walls of furnaces including boiler furnaces F23M0005080000)
F22B0037220000	Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor (making boilers from sheet metal B21D0051240000; pressure vessels in general F16J0012000000; covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general F16J0013000000)
F22B0037240000	Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding (frames, engine beds F16M)
F22B0037260000	Steam-separating arrangements (vapour-liquid separators, e.g. for drying steam, B01D, B04)
F22B0037280000	involving reversal of direction of flow
F22B0037300000	using impingement against baffle separators
F22B0037320000	using centrifugal force
F22B0037340000	Adaptations of boilers for promoting water circulation (auxiliary apparatus F22D0007000000)
F22B0037360000	Arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers
F22B0037380000	Determining or indicating operating conditions in steam boilers, e.g. monitoring direction or rate of water flow through water tubes (measuring or indicating instruments in general G01)
F22B0037400000	Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles (in flues or chimneys F23J0013000000)
F22B0037420000	Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices (for feed-water heaters F22D0001140000; alarms responsive to undesired or abnormal conditions G08B)
F22B0037440000	of safety valves (safety valves per seF16K)
F22B0037460000	responsive to low or high water level, e.g. for checking, suppressing, extinguishing combustion in boilers (fire-fighting, fire extinction in general A62)
F22B0037470000	responsive to abnormal temperature, e.g. actuated by fusible plugs (such alarms or devices per seG08B)
F22B0037480000	Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals, or sludge from boilers (cleaning water tubes, furnace tubes, or the like of boilers F23J, F28G)
F22B0037500000	for draining or expelling water
F22B0037520000	Washing-out devices
F22B0037540000	De-sludging or blow-down devices
F22B0037560000	Boiler-cleaning control devices, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down
F22B0037580000	Removing tubes from headers or drums; Extracting tools
F22B0037600000	specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type
F22B0037620000	specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
F22B0037640000	Mounting of, or supporting arrangements for, tube units (construction of tube walls of furnaces, e.g. boiler furnaces F23M0005080000)
F22B0037660000	involving vertically-disposed water tubes
F22B0037680000	involving horizontally-disposed water tubes
F22B0037700000	Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
F22B0037720000	involving injection devices
F22B0037740000	Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes
F22B0037760000	Adaptations or mounting of devices for observing existence or direction of fluid flow (devices per seG01P)
F22B0037780000	Adaptations or mounting of level indicators (level indicators per seG01F)
F22D	PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER; FEED-WATER SUPPLY; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL; CIRCULATING WATER WITHIN BOILERS (chemical treatment of water, e.g. purification, C02F; enclosed heat-exchange apparatus in general F28D; controlling in general G05)
F22D0001000000	Feed-water heaters, e.g. preheaters
F22D0001020000	with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways (heat-exchange tubes in general F28F)
F22D0001040000	the tubes having plain outer surfaces, e.g. in vertical arrangement
F22D0001060000	in horizontal arrangement
F22D0001080000	the tubes having fins, ribs, gills, corrugations, or the like on their outer surfaces, e.g. in vertical arrangement
F22D0001100000	in horizontal arrangement (hollow fire-bars, grates, or the like used as water tubes F23H0003020000)
F22D0001120000	Control devices, e.g. for regulating steam temperature
F22D0001140000	Safety or venting devices (safety devices for boilers in general F22B0037420000)
F22D0001160000	with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
F22D0001180000	and heated indirectly
F22D0001200000	and directly connected to boilers
F22D0001220000	and provided for rotary movement
F22D0001240000	with fire tubes or flue ways traversing feed-water vessels
F22D0001260000	with means, other than tubes, to separate water and heating medium, e.g. bulk heaters without internal flues or tubes, jacketted smoke-boxes or flues
F22D0001280000	for direct heat transfer, e.g. by mixing water and steam
F22D0001300000	with stages, steps, baffles, dishes, circular troughs, or other means to cause interrupted or cascading fall of water
F22D0001320000	arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
F22D0001340000	and returning condensate to boiler with main feed supply
F22D0001360000	Water and air preheating systems
F22D0001380000	Constructional features of water and air preheating systems
F22D0001400000	Combinations of exhaust-steam and smoke-gas preheaters (for locomotives F22D0001420000)
F22D0001420000	specially adapted for locomotives
F22D0001440000	Smoke-gas preheaters
F22D0001460000	Exhaust-steam preheaters
F22D0001480000	Details
F22D0001500000	incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water (de-aeration produced in the course of direct heat transfer F22D0001280000; thermal de-aeration of water per seB01D0019000000, C02F0001200000; valves for venting F16K0024040000)
F22D0003000000	Accumulators for preheated water
F22D0003020000	arranged within combustion chambers
F22D0003040000	combined with steam accumulators
F22D0003060000	directly connected to boilers
F22D0003080000	specially adapted for locomotives (locomotive boilers F22B0013060000)
F22D0003100000	Control devices (controlling water feed to boilers, or water level F22D0005000000)
F22D0005000000	Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators (steam traps F16T; measuring or indicating instruments G01; for indicating water level G01F; level control in general G05D0009000000)
F22D0005020000	with an intermediate compartment from which the water is fed by gravity after mechanically moving the compartment, the movement being controlled according to water level
F22D0005040000	with pivoting buckets
F22D0005060000	with receptacles external to, but in free communication with, the boilers and adapted to move up and down in accordance with change in water level
F22D0005080000	with float-actuated valves
F22D0005100000	and with pistons or membranes unitary with the feed inlet valves
F22D0005120000	and with dipping tubes
F22D0005140000	responsive to thermal expansion and contraction, e.g. of solid elements
F22D0005160000	of fluids
F22D0005180000	for varying the speed or delivery pressure of feed pumps
F22D0005200000	without floats
F22D0005220000	with floats
F22D0005240000	with electric switches
F22D0005260000	Automatic feed-control systems (automatic safety devices F22B0037420000; controlling in general G05)
F22D0005280000	responsive to amount of steam withdrawn; responsive to steam pressure
F22D0005300000	responsive to both water level and amount of steam withdrawn or steam pressure
F22D0005320000	influencing the speed or delivery pressure of the feed pumps
F22D0005340000	Applications of valves (valves per seF16K)
F22D0005360000	for feeding a number of steam boilers designed for different ranges of temperature and pressure
F22D0007000000	Auxiliary devices or apparatus for promoting water circulation
F22D0007020000	Saddles or like directing plates fitted to furnace tubes
F22D0007040000	Injectors for water or steam
F22D0007060000	Rotary devices, e.g. propellers
F22D0007080000	Arrangements of pumps, e.g. outside the boilers
F22D0007100000	within the boilers
F22D0007120000	Control devices
F22D0007140000	specially adapted for locomotive boilers
F22D0011000000	Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
F22D0011020000	Arrangements of feed-water pumps (F22D0011060000 takes precedence;pumps per seF04)
F22D0011040000	with means to eliminate steam formation
F22D0011060000	for returning condensate to boiler
F22G	SUPERHEATING OF STEAM (steam-separating arrangements in boilers F22B0037260000)
F22G0001000000	Steam superheating characterised by heating method (exothermal chemical reactions not involving a supply of free oxygen gas, apparatus or devices for using the heat therefrom F24J)
F22G0001020000	with heat supply by hot flue gases from the furnace of the steam boiler
F22G0001040000	by diverting flow or hot flue gases to separate superheaters operating in reheating cycle, e.g. for reheating steam between a high-pressure turbine stage and an intermediate turbine stage
F22G0001060000	with heat supply predominantly by radiation
F22G0001080000	from heated brickwork or the like
F22G0001100000	with provision for superheating by throttling
F22G0001120000	by mixing steam with furnace gases or other combustion products
F22G0001140000	using heat generated by chemical reactions
F22G0001160000	by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
F22G0003000000	Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details or component parts thereof (general aspects of enclosed heat-exchangers F28D)
F22G0005000000	Controlling superheat temperature (control systems for steam boilers F22B; regulating or controlling in general G05)
F22G0005020000	Applications of combustion-control devices, e.g. tangential-firing burners, tilting burners
F22G0005040000	by regulating flue gas flow, e.g. by proportioning or diverting
F22G0005060000	by recirculating flue gases
F22G0005080000	preventing furnace gas backflow through recirculating fan
F22G0005100000	by displacing superheater sections
F22G0005120000	by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays (spray-mixers B01F0005180000)
F22G0005140000	by live steam
F22G0005160000	by indirectly cooling or heating the superheated steam in auxiliary enclosed heat-exchanger
F22G0005180000	by by-passing steam around superheater sections
F22G0005200000	by combined controlling procedures
F22G0007000000	Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
F22G0007020000	in fire tubes
F22G0007040000	in jackets around fire tubes
F22G0007060000	in furnace tubes
F22G0007080000	in fire-boxes
F22G0007100000	in smoke-boxes
F22G0007120000	in flues
F22G0007140000	in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes
F23	COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
F23B	METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, C11C, F23C, F23D; using solid fuel suspended in air F23C, F23D0001000000; using solid fuel suspended in liquids F23C, F23D0011000000; using solid fuel and fluent fuel simultanenously or alternately F23C, F23D0017000000)
F23B0010000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
F23B0020000000	Combustion apparatus specially adapted for portability or transportability
F23B0030000000	Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
F23B0030020000	with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
F23B0030040000	with fuel-supporting surfaces that are rotatable around a horizontal or inclined axis and support the fuel on their inside, e.g. cylindrical grates
F23B0030060000	with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone
F23B0030080000	with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
F23B0030100000	with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
F23B0040000000	Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
F23B0040020000	the fuel being fed by scattering over the fuel-supporting surface
F23B0040040000	the fuel being fed from below through an opening in the fuel-supporting surface
F23B0040060000	the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
F23B0040080000	into pot- or trough-shaped grates
F23B0050000000	Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
F23B0050020000	the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
F23B0050040000	the movement of combustion air and flue gases being substantially transverse to the movement of the fuel
F23B0050060000	the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
F23B0050080000	with fuel-deflecting bodies forming free combustion spaces inside the fuel layer
F23B0050100000	with the combustion zone at the bottom of fuel-filled conduits ending at the surface of a fuel bed
F23B0050120000	the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyer terminating above the fuel bed
F23B0060000000	Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
F23B0060020000	with combustion air supplied through a grate
F23B0070000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by means for returning solid combustion residues to the combustion chamber
F23B0080000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
F23B0080020000	by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
F23B0080040000	by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
F23B0090000000	Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
F23B0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23B0101000000	Indexing scheme related to adaptation of combustion apparatus to boilers
F23B0101000000	Adaptation of combustion apparatus to boilers in which the combustion chamber is situated inside the boiler vessel, e.g. surrounded by cooled surfaces
F23B0103000000	Adaptation of combustion apparatus for placement in or against an opening of a boiler, e.g. for replacing an oil burner
F23B0103020000	for producing an essentially horizontal flame
F23C	METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUENT FUEL (burners F23D; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for F23M; combustion chambers for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R)
F23C0001000000	Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being fluent (combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers F23C0006000000; pilot flame igniters F23Q0009000000)
F23C0001020000	lump and liquid fuel
F23C0001040000	lump and gaseous fuel
F23C0001060000	lump and pulverulent fuel
F23C0001080000	liquid and gaseous fuel
F23C0001100000	liquid and pulverulent fuel
F23C0001120000	gaseous and pulverulent fuel
F23C0003000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber (F23C0015000000 takes precedence);;
F23C0005000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by the arrangement or mounting of burners
F23C0005020000	Structural details of mounting
F23C0005060000	Provision for adjustment of burner position during operation
F23C0005080000	Disposition of burners
F23C0005140000	to obtain a single flame of concentrated or substantially planar form, e.g. pencil or sheet flame (F23C0005320000 takes precedence);;
F23C0005240000	to obtain a loop flame
F23C0005280000	to obtain flames in opposing directions, e.g. impacting flames
F23C0005320000	to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
F23C0006000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
F23C0006020000	in parallel arrangement
F23C0006040000	in series connection (consuming smoke or fumes in separate combustion apparatus F23G0007060000)
F23C0007000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply (inlets for fluidisation air F23C0010200000)
F23C0007020000	Disposition of air supply not passing through burner (to obtain a cyclonic tapering flame when burning pulverulent fuel F23C0005320000)
F23C0007040000	to obtain maximum heat transfer to wall of combustion chamber
F23C0007060000	for heating the incoming air (arrangements of regenerators or recuperators F23L0015000000)
F23C0007080000	indirectly by a secondary fluid other than the combustion products
F23C0009000000	Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber (fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means for recirculation of particles entrained from the bed F23C0010020000; fluidised bed combustion apparatus with devices for removal and partial reintroduction of material from the bed F23C0010260000)
F23C0009060000	for completing combustion
F23C0009080000	for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
F23C0010000000	Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
F23C0010010000	in a fluidised bed of catalytic particles
F23C0010020000	with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
F23C0010040000	the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23C0010060000	the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed
F23C0010080000	characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
F23C0010100000	the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
F23C0010120000	the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
F23C0010140000	the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed
F23C0010160000	specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel
F23C0010180000	Details; Accessories
F23C0010200000	Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
F23C0010220000	Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus (F23C0010260000 takes precedence);;
F23C0010240000	Devices for removal of material from the bed (devices for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed F23C0010300000)
F23C0010260000	combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
F23C0010280000	Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
F23C0010300000	for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed
F23C0010320000	by controlling the rate of recirculation of particles separated from the flue gases
F23C0013000000	Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material (in a fluidised bed of catalytic particles F23C0010010000; radiant gas burners using catalysis for flameless combustion F23D0014180000)
F23C0013020000	characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
F23C0013040000	characterised by the arrangement of two or more catalytic elements in series connection
F23C0013060000	in which non-catalytic combustion takes place in addition to catalytic combustion, e.g. downstream of a catalytic element
F23C0013080000	characterised by the catalytic material
F23C0015000000	Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
F23C0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23C0101000000	Indexing scheme associated with group F23C0010000000, relating to combustion in entrained fluidised beds.
F23C0101000000	Combustion in entrained fluidised beds, i.e. fluidised beds which have no distinct upper surface
F23D	BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R)
F23D0001000000	Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel (arrangement or mounting of burners F23C0005000000)
F23D0001020000	Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
F23D0001040000	Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action
F23D0001060000	Burners producing sheet flames
F23D0003000000	Combustion of a liquid
F23D0003000000	Burners using capillary action
F23D0003020000	Wick burners
F23D0003040000	with flame spreaders (F23D0003120000 takes precedence);;
F23D0003060000	Inverted wick burners, e.g. for illumination
F23D0003080000	characterised by shape, construction, or material, of wick
F23D0003100000	Blue-flame burners
F23D0003120000	with flame spreaders
F23D0003140000	with mixing of air and fuel vapour in a chamber before the flame
F23D0003160000	using candles (candles per seC11C)
F23D0003180000	Details of wick burners
F23D0003200000	Flame spreaders
F23D0003220000	Devices for mixing evaporated fuel with air
F23D0003240000	Carriers for wicks
F23D0003260000	Safety devices thereon
F23D0003280000	Wick-adjusting devices
F23D0003300000	directly engaging with the wick
F23D0003320000	engaging with a tube carrying the wick
F23D0003340000	Wick stop devices; Wick-fixing devices
F23D0003360000	Devices for trimming wicks
F23D0003380000	Devices for replacement of wicks
F23D0003400000	the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies
F23D0005000000	Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel
F23D0005020000	the liquid forming a pool, e.g. bowl-type evaporators, dish-type evaporators
F23D0005040000	Pot-type evaporators, i.e. using a partially-enclosed combustion space
F23D0005060000	the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces
F23D0005080000	on cascaded surfaces
F23D0005100000	on grids
F23D0005120000	Details
F23D0005140000	Maintaining predetermined amount of fuel in evaporator
F23D0005160000	Safety devices
F23D0005180000	Preheating devices
F23D0007000000	Burners in which drops of liquid fuel impinge on a surface
F23D0009000000	Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface
F23D0011000000	Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space (spraying in general B05B, B05D)
F23D0011020000	the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure
F23D0011040000	the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action
F23D0011060000	using a horizontal shaft
F23D0011080000	using a vertical shaft
F23D0011100000	the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
F23D0011120000	characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
F23D0011140000	with a single outlet, e.g. slit
F23D0011160000	in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
F23D0011180000	the gaseous medium being water vapour generated at the nozzle
F23D0011200000	the water vapour being superheated
F23D0011220000	the gaseous medium being vaporised fuel, e.g. for a soldering lamp
F23D0011240000	by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
F23D0011260000	with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed
F23D0011280000	with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass
F23D0011300000	with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir
F23D0011320000	by electrostatic means
F23D0011340000	by ultrasonic means
F23D0011360000	Details
F23D0011380000	Nozzles (nozzles in general B05B); Cleaning devices therefor
F23D0011400000	Mixing tubes; Burner heads
F23D0011420000	Starting devices (igniting F23Q)
F23D0011440000	Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
F23D0011460000	Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel
F23D0014000000	Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
F23D0014020000	Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
F23D0014040000	induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
F23D0014060000	with radial outlets at the burner head
F23D0014080000	with axial outlets at the burner head
F23D0014100000	with elongated tubular burner head
F23D0014120000	Radiant burners
F23D0014140000	using screens or perforated plates
F23D0014160000	using permeable blocks
F23D0014180000	using catalysis for flameless combustion
F23D0014200000	Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone (F23D0014300000-F23D0014440000;  take precedence);;
F23D0014220000	with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
F23D0014240000	at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
F23D0014260000	with provision for a retention flame (pilot flame igniters F23Q0009000000)
F23D0014280000	in association with a gaseous fuel source, e.g. acetylene generator, or a container for liquefied gas
F23D0014300000	Inverted burners, e.g. for illumination
F23D0014320000	using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air (F23D0014380000 takes precedence);;
F23D0014340000	Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air (F23D0014380000 takes precedence);;
F23D0014360000	in which the compressor and burner form a single unit
F23D0014380000	Torches, e.g. for cutting, brazing, welding or heating (nozzles F23D0014480000)
F23D0014400000	for welding (F23D0014440000 takes precedence);;
F23D0014420000	for cutting (F23D0014440000 takes precedence);;
F23D0014440000	for use under water
F23D0014460000	Details
F23D0014480000	Nozzles (for spraying or coating B05B)
F23D0014500000	Cleaning devices therefor
F23D0014520000	for torches; for blow-pipes
F23D0014540000	for cutting or welding metal
F23D0014560000	for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, for heating workpieces (scarfing by applying flames B23K0007000000)
F23D0014580000	characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
F23D0014600000	Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air (regulation of combustion in general F23N)
F23D0014620000	Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
F23D0014640000	with injectors
F23D0014660000	Preheating the combustion air or gas
F23D0014680000	Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, by moistening (in general B01)
F23D0014700000	Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
F23D0014720000	Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply (protection or supervision of pipe-line systems F17D0005000000)
F23D0014740000	Preventing flame lift-off (F23D0014700000 takes precedence);;
F23D0014760000	Protecting flame and burner parts
F23D0014780000	Cooling burner parts
F23D0014800000	Selection of a non-toxic gas
F23D0014820000	Preventing flashback or blowback (F23D0014700000 takes precedence;in gas feed lines A62C0004020000)
F23D0014840000	Flame spreading or otherwise shaping (F23D0014700000 takes precedence);;
F23D0017000000	Other burners
F23D0017000000	Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
F23D0021000000	Burners not otherwise provided for
F23D0023000000	Assemblies of two or more burners (gas burners with provision for a retention flame F23D0014260000; arrangement or mounting of burners F23C0005000000; for industrial furnaces F27)
F23G	CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION
F23G0001000000	Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
F23G0005000000	Incineration of waste (of specific waste F23G0007000000); Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
F23G0005020000	with pretreatment
F23G0005027000	pyrolising or gasifying stage (pyrolisation of sludge C02F0011000000; destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials C10B0053000000)
F23G0005033000	comminuting or crushing
F23G0005040000	drying
F23G0005050000	using drying grates
F23G0005080000	having supplementary heating
F23G0005100000	electric
F23G0005120000	using gaseous or liquid fuel (F23G0005140000 takes precedence);;
F23G0005140000	including secondary combustion
F23G0005160000	in a separate combustion chamber
F23G0005180000	in a stack
F23G0005200000	having rotating or oscillating drums
F23G0005220000	the drums being conically shaped
F23G0005240000	having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
F23G0005260000	having rotating bottom
F23G0005280000	having raking arms
F23G0005300000	having a fluidised bed
F23G0005320000	the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
F23G0005340000	the waste being burnt in a pit or arranged in a heap for combustion
F23G0005360000	having a conical combustion chamber, e.g. "teepee" incinerators (F23G0005220000 takes precedence);;
F23G0005380000	Multi-hearth arrangements
F23G0005400000	Portable or mobile incinerators
F23G0005420000	of the basket type
F23G0005440000	Details; Accessories
F23G0005460000	Recuperation of heat
F23G0005480000	Preventing corrosion
F23G0005500000	Control or safety arrangements
F23G0007000000	Incinerators or other apparatus specially adapted for consuming specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals (F23G0001000000 takes precedence;incinerator closets A47K0011020000; oxidation of sludge C02F0011060000; burners in general, burner details F23D; incinerating radioactive waste G21F0009000000)
F23G0007020000	of bagasse, megasse or the like
F23G0007040000	of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
F23G0007050000	of waste oils
F23G0007060000	of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases (exhaust apparatus for machines, engines in general or internal combustion engines F01N; of uncombusted material from primary combustion within apparatus for combustion of solid or fluent fuel F23B, F23C)
F23G0007070000	in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
F23G0007080000	using flares, e.g. in stacks
F23G0007100000	of field or garden waste
F23G0007120000	of plastics, e.g. rubber
F23G0007140000	of contaminated soil, e.g. by oil
F23H	GRATES (inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C0010200000); CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
F23H0001000000	Grates with solid bars (double grates F23H0005000000)
F23H0001020000	having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
F23H0001040000	having a variable burning surface
F23H0001060000	having bars at different levels
F23H0001080000	Vertical grates
F23H0003000000	Grates with hollow bars
F23H0003020000	internally cooled
F23H0003040000	externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam, or air
F23H0005000000	Double grates
F23H0007000000	Inclined grates (inclined travelling grates F23H0011120000)
F23H0007020000	with fixed bars
F23H0007040000	in parallel disposition
F23H0007060000	with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
F23H0007080000	reciprocating along their axes
F23H0007100000	rocking about their axes
F23H0007120000	with movable bars disposed transversely to direction of fuel feeding
F23H0007140000	reciprocating along their axes
F23H0007160000	rocking about their axes
F23H0007180000	reciprocating in an upward direction
F23H0009000000	Revolving grates; Rocking grates (F23H0007000000 takes precedence);;
F23H0009020000	Revolving cylindrical grates
F23H0009040000	Grates rocked as a whole
F23H0009060000	the bars being rocked about axes transverse to their lengths
F23H0009080000	the bars being rocked about their longitudinal axes
F23H0009100000	and modified to move fuel along the grate
F23H0009120000	the bars being vertically movable in a plane
F23H0011000000	Travelling grates
F23H0011020000	with the bars disposed on transverse bearers
F23H0011040000	with the bars pivoted at one side
F23H0011060000	with the bars movable relatively to one another
F23H0011080000	with several individually-movable grate surfaces
F23H0011100000	with special provision for supply of air from below and for regulating air supply
F23H0011120000	inclined travelling grates; Stepped travelling grates
F23H0011140000	serving as auxiliary grates
F23H0011160000	for multi-layer stoking
F23H0011180000	Details
F23H0011200000	Driving means
F23H0011220000	Moving fuel along grate; Cleaning of grate
F23H0011240000	Removal of ashes; Removal of clinker
F23H0011260000	by dumping
F23H0011280000	Replaceable burning-surface
F23H0013000000	Grates not covered by any of groups ; F23H0001000000-F23H0011000000
F23H0013020000	Basket grates, e.g. with shaking arrangement
F23H0013040000	Telescoping grates
F23H0013060000	Dumping-grates
F23H0013080000	Grates specially adapted for gas generators and also applicable to furnaces
F23H0015000000	Cleaning arrangements for grates (not forming part of the grate F23J0001000000); Moving fuel along grate (rocking grates modified for moving fuel F23H0009100000; for travelling grates F23H0011220000)
F23H0017000000	Details of grates
F23H0017020000	End fittings on bars
F23H0017040000	of travelling grates
F23H0017060000	Provision for vertical adjustment of grate
F23H0017080000	Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports
F23H0017100000	Dead plates; Imperforate fuel supports
F23H0017120000	Fire-bars
F23J	REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (precipitating dust from flue gases B01D; composition of fuels C10; combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G0007060000)
F23J0001000000	Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers (devices for removal of material from the bed of fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C0010240000)
F23J0001020000	Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyers, by employing suction devices
F23J0001040000	Hand tools, e.g. rakes, prickers, tongs
F23J0001060000	Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers (forming part of the grate F23H)
F23J0001080000	Liquid slag removal
F23J0003000000	Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
F23J0003020000	Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys (by means which do not differ materially from the cleaning of any other tube once the fire is out B08B)
F23J0003040000	Traps
F23J0003060000	Systems for accumulating residues from different parts of furnace plant
F23J0007000000	Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire (supplying chemicals to fire C10L)
F23J0009000000	Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues
F23J0011000000	Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues (heat insulation therefor E04B0001940000; chimneys E04H0012280000; removing cooking fumes from domestic stoves or ranges F24C0015200000)
F23J0011020000	for conducting smoke or fumes originating from various locations to the outside, e.g. in locomotive sheds, in garages
F23J0011040000	in locomotives; in road vehicles; in ships
F23J0011060000	for conducting smoke horizontally
F23J0011080000	for portable apparatus
F23J0011100000	for tents; for log huts; for other inflammable structures
F23J0011120000	Smoke conduit systems for factories or large buildings
F23J0013000000	Fittings for chimneys or flues (staying, stiffening E04H; means for facilitating climbing E06C; draught-inducing apparatus associated with chimneys or flues F23L)
F23J0013020000	Linings; Jackets; Casings
F23J0013040000	Joints; Connections (pipe joints in general F16L)
F23J0013060000	Mouths; Inlet holes
F23J0013080000	Doors or covers specially adapted for smoke-boxes, flues, or chimneys (in general E06B)
F23J0015000000	Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes (such devices per se, methods for treating smoke or fumes, see the relevant places for the treatment, e.g. B01D0053000000)
F23J0015020000	of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material (traps for solid residues F23J0003040000)
F23J0015040000	using washing fluids
F23J0015060000	of coolers
F23J0015080000	of heaters
F23J0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23K	FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C0010220000; regulating or controlling combustion F23N)
F23K0001000000	Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus (filtration B01D; mixing B01F; pulverising B02C; drying F26B)
F23K0001020000	Mixing solid fuel with a liquid, e.g. preparing slurries
F23K0001040000	Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
F23K0003000000	Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus (conveying in general B65G)
F23K0003020000	Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
F23K0003040000	for locomotive boiler furnaces
F23K0003060000	for shaft-type furnaces
F23K0003080000	for furnaces having movable grate bars
F23K0003100000	Under-feed arrangements
F23K0003120000	feeding by piston
F23K0003140000	feeding by screw
F23K0003160000	Over-feed arrangements
F23K0003180000	Spreader stokers
F23K0003200000	with moving hoppers
F23K0003220000	Controlling thickness of fuel bed
F23K0005000000	Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
F23K0005020000	Liquid fuel
F23K0005040000	Feeding or distributing systems using pumps (F23K0005060000 takes precedence);;
F23K0005060000	from a central source to a plurality of burners
F23K0005080000	Preparation of fuel
F23K0005100000	Mixing with other fluids
F23K0005120000	Preparing emulsions (burners spraying an emulsion of water and fuel into the combustion space F23D0011160000)
F23K0005140000	Details thereof
F23K0005160000	Safety devices (F23K0005180000 takes precedence;safety arrangements for combustion chambers F23M0011000000)
F23K0005180000	Cleaning or purging devices, e.g. filters
F23K0005200000	Preheating devices (in burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space F23D0011440000)
F23K0005220000	Vaporising devices (in burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space F23D0011440000)
F23L	AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS (air-supply arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel, e.g. fluidised bed combustion apparatus, F23C; dampers or throat restrictors for open fire-places F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F24)
F23L0001000000	Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
F23L0001020000	by discharging the air below the fire
F23L0003000000	Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
F23L0005000000	Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
F23L0005020000	Arrangements of fans or blowers (fans or blowers per seF04)
F23L0005040000	by induction of air for combustion, e.g. using steam jet
F23L0007000000	Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
F23L0009000000	Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
F23L0009020000	by discharging the air above the fire
F23L0009040000	by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
F23L0009060000	by discharging the air into the fire bed
F23L0011000000	Arrangements of valves or dampers after the fire
F23L0011020000	for reducing draught by admission of air to flues
F23L0013000000	Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught (in general F16K)
F23L0013020000	pivoted about a single axis but having no other movement (formed as linked slats each pivoted about an axis F23L0013080000)
F23L0013040000	with axis perpendicular to face
F23L0013060000	slidable only
F23L0013080000	operating as a roller blind; operating as a venetian blind
F23L0013100000	having a compound movement involving both sliding and pivoting
F23L0015000000	Heating of air supplied for combustion
F23L0015020000	Arrangements of regenerators
F23L0015040000	Arrangements of recuperators
F23L0017000000	Inducing draught
F23L0017020000	Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
F23L0017040000	Balanced-flue arrangements, i.e. devices which combine air inlet to combustion unit with smoke outlet
F23L0017060000	branched; T-headed
F23L0017080000	with coaxial cones or louvres
F23L0017100000	wherein the top moves as a whole
F23L0017120000	Devices for fastening the top or terminal to chimney, shaft, or flue
F23L0017140000	Draining devices
F23L0017160000	Induction apparatus, e.g. steam jet, acting on combustion products beyond the fire
F23L0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23M	CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (construction or support of tube walls for steam boilers F22B; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R)
F23M0003000000	Firebridges (baffles not confining the fire F23M0009060000)
F23M0003020000	modified for circulation of fluids, e.g. air, steam, water
F23M0003040000	for delivery of gas, e.g. air, steam
F23M0003060000	into or towards fire
F23M0003080000	away from fire, e.g. towards smoke outlet
F23M0003100000	transversely
F23M0003120000	characterised by shape or construction (F23M0003020000 takes precedence);;
F23M0003140000	with apertures for passage of combustion products
F23M0003160000	built-up in sections, e.g. using bars or blocks
F23M0003180000	double; multiple
F23M0003200000	comprising loose refractory material, wholly or in part
F23M0003220000	movable; adjustable
F23M0005000000	Casings; Linings; Walls (casings, linings, or walls of heat-treatment chambers of ovens, kilns, or retorts F27D)
F23M0005020000	characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used (ceramic materials C04B0033000000, C04B0035000000)
F23M0005040000	Supports for linings
F23M0005060000	Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers (F23M0005020000, F23M0005040000 take precedence);;
F23M0005080000	Cooling thereof; Tube walls
F23M0007000000	Doors specially adapted for combustion chambers (in general E06B; for flues or smoke-boxes F23J0013080000)
F23M0007020000	Frames therefor
F23M0007040000	Cooling doors or door frames
F23M0009000000	Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
F23M0009020000	in air inlets
F23M0009040000	with air-supply passages in the baffle or shield
F23M0009060000	in fire-boxes
F23M0009080000	Helical or twisted baffles or deflectors
F23M0009100000	Baffles or deflectors formed as tubes, e.g. in water-tube boilers (interconnection of such tubes in boilers for fluid flow F22)
F23M0011000000	Safety arrangements (by controlling combustion F23N0005240000)
F23M0011020000	Preventing emission of flames or hot gases, or admission of air, through working or charging apertures
F23M0011040000	Means for supervising combustion, e.g. window (alarm systems G08B)
F23M0013000000	Other details
F23N	REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (control devices specially adapted for combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C0010280000; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel F24B0001187000)
F23N0001000000	Regulating fuel supply
F23N0001020000	conjointly with air supply
F23N0001040000	conjointly with air supply and with draught
F23N0001060000	conjointly with draught
F23N0001080000	conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
F23N0001100000	and with air supply or draught
F23N0003000000	Regulating air supply or draught (conjointly with fuel supply F23N0001000000)
F23N0003020000	Regulating draught by direct pressure operation of single valves or dampers
F23N0003040000	by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature-sensitive elements
F23N0003060000	by conjoint operation of two or more valves or dampers (F23N0003080000 takes precedence);;
F23N0003080000	by power-assisted systems
F23N0005000000	Systems for controlling combustion (F23N0001000000, F23N0003000000 take precedence);;
F23N0005020000	using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
F23N0005040000	using bimetallic elements
F23N0005060000	using bellows; using diaphragms
F23N0005080000	using light-sensitive elements
F23N0005100000	using thermocouples
F23N0005120000	using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
F23N0005140000	using thermo-sensitive resistors
F23N0005160000	using noise-sensitive detectors
F23N0005180000	using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
F23N0005200000	with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
F23N0005220000	with a time programme acting through mechanical means, e.g. using cams
F23N0005240000	Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements (F23N0005020000-F23N0005180000;  take precedence);;
F23N0005260000	Details
F23Q	IGNITION (devices for igniting matches A24F; explosive or thermic compositions C06B; chemical igniters C06C; devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines, except glowing plugs, F02P); EXTINGUISHING DEVICES
F23Q0001000000	Mechanical igniters (lighters containing fuel F23Q0002000000; matches C06F)
F23Q0001020000	using friction or shock effects
F23Q0001040000	on a part moved by the fuel-controlling member, e.g. by a tap on a gas cooker
F23Q0001060000	Portable igniters
F23Q0002000000	Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes
F23Q0002020000	Lighters with liquid fuel
F23Q0002040000	with cerium-iron alloy and wick
F23Q0002060000	with friction wheel
F23Q0002080000	with ignition by spring action of the cover
F23Q0002100000	with other friction member
F23Q0002120000	with cerium-iron alloy without wick
F23Q0002140000	with cerium-iron alloy and torch ignited by striking or pushing
F23Q0002160000	Lighters with gaseous fuel, e.g. the gas being stored in liquid phase
F23Q0002167000	with adjustable flame
F23Q0002173000	Valves therefor (valves in general F16K)
F23Q0002180000	Lighters with solid fuel
F23Q0002200000	with cerium-iron alloy and friction wheel
F23Q0002220000	with cerium-iron alloy and tinder
F23Q0002240000	with ignition pills or strips with inflammable parts
F23Q0002260000	combined with liquid-fuel lighters
F23Q0002280000	Lighters characterised by electrical ignition of the fuel (lighters with electrically-produced sparks but without fuel F23Q0003000000)
F23Q0002300000	Lighters characterised by catalytic ignition of fuel (catalytic igniters without fuel C06C)
F23Q0002320000	Lighters characterised by being combined with other objects (combinations with smokers' equipment A24F)
F23Q0002340000	Component parts or accessories
F23Q0002360000	Casings
F23Q0002380000	with containers for flints or tools
F23Q0002400000	Cover fastenings
F23Q0002420000	Fuel containers; Closures for fuel containers
F23Q0002440000	Wicks; Wick guides or fastenings
F23Q0002460000	Friction wheels; Arrangement of friction wheels
F23Q0002480000	Flints (composition, manufacture C06C0015000000); Guides for, or arrangements of, flints
F23Q0002500000	Protecting coverings
F23Q0002520000	Filling devices (in general B67D)
F23Q0003000000	Igniters using electrically-produced sparks (sparking-plugs H01T0013000000)
F23Q0003010000	Hand-held lighters, e.g. for cigarettes
F23Q0005000000	Make-and-break ignition, i.e. with spark generated between electrodes by breaking contact therebetween (specially adapted for internal-combustion engines F02P0015000000)
F23Q0007000000	Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes (circuits therefor H01T0015000000); Electrically-heated glowing plugs
F23Q0007020000	for igniting solid fuel
F23Q0007040000	with fans for transfer of heat to fuel
F23Q0007060000	structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners (lighters containing fuel F23Q0002000000)
F23Q0007080000	for evaporating and igniting liquid fuel, e.g. in hurricane lanterns
F23Q0007100000	for gaseous fuel, e.g. in welding appliances
F23Q0007120000	actuated by gas-controlling device
F23Q0007140000	Portable igniters
F23Q0007160000	with built-in battery
F23Q0007180000	with built-in generator
F23Q0007200000	with built-in mains transformer
F23Q0007220000	Details
F23Q0007240000	Safety arrangements
F23Q0007260000	Provision for re-ignition
F23Q0009000000	Pilot flame igniters
F23Q0009020000	without interlock with main fuel supply
F23Q0009040000	for upright burners, e.g. gas-cooker burners
F23Q0009060000	for inverted burners, e.g. gas lamps
F23Q0009080000	with interlock with main fuel supply
F23Q0009100000	to determine the sequence of supply of fuel to pilot and main burners
F23Q0009120000	to permit the supply to the main burner in dependence upon existence of pilot flame
F23Q0009140000	using electric means, e.g. by light-sensitive elements
F23Q0011000000	Arrangement of catalytic igniters (catalytic igniters per seC06C)
F23Q0011040000	at the burner
F23Q0011060000	remote from the burner, e.g. on the chimney of a lamp
F23Q0011080000	on a part moved by the fuel-controlling member
F23Q0011100000	and moving out of the flame after ignition
F23Q0013000000	Igniters not otherwise provided for
F23Q0013020000	using gas burners, e.g. gas pokers
F23Q0013040000	using portable burners, e.g. torches, fire pots
F23Q0021000000	Devices for effecting ignition from a remote location
F23Q0023000000	Testing of ignition installations (peculiar to internal-combustion engines F02P0017000000; testing of sparking plugs G01M0019020000)
F23Q0023020000	Testing of ignition timing
F23Q0023080000	Testing of components
F23Q0023100000	electrically
F23Q0025000000	Extinguishing devices, e.g. for blowing-out or snuffing candle flames (for cigarettes A24F)
F23R	GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (chemical aspects of gas production C06D0005000000; gas-turbine plants characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant F02C0003140000; arrangement of afterburners in jet-propulsion plants F02K0003100000; combustion chambers of rocket engine plants F02K0009000000; using such products for specific purposes, see the relevant classes for the purposes);
F23R0003000000	Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
F23R0003020000	characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration (reverse-flow combustion chambers F23R0003540000; cyclone or vortex type combustion chambers F23R0003580000)
F23R0003040000	Air inlet arrangements
F23R0003060000	Arrangement of apertures along the flame tube
F23R0003080000	between annular flame tube sections, e.g. flame tubes with telescopic sections
F23R0003100000	for primary air (F23R0003060000 takes precedence);;
F23R0003120000	inducing a vortex
F23R0003140000	by using swirl vanes
F23R0003160000	with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
F23R0003180000	Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
F23R0003200000	incorporating fuel injection means
F23R0003220000	movable, e.g. to an inoperative position; adjustable, e.g. self-adjusting
F23R0003240000	of the fluid-screen type
F23R0003260000	Controlling the air flow
F23R0003280000	characterised by the fuel supply (burners F23D)
F23R0003300000	comprising fuel prevapourising devices
F23R0003320000	being tubular
F23R0003340000	Feeding into different combustion zones
F23R0003360000	Supply of different fuels
F23R0003380000	comprising rotary fuel injection means
F23R0003400000	characterised by the use of catalytic means
F23R0003420000	characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
F23R0003440000	Combustion chambers comprising a tubular flame tube within a tubular casing (reverse-flow combustion chambers F23R0003540000)
F23R0003460000	Combustion chambers comprising an annular arrangement of flame tubes within a common annular casing or within individual casings
F23R0003480000	Flame tube interconnectors, e.g. cross-over tubes
F23R0003500000	Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing (toroidal combustion chambers F23R0003520000)
F23R0003520000	Toroidal combustion chambers
F23R0003540000	Reverse-flow combustion chambers
F23R0003560000	Combustion chambers having rotary flame tubes
F23R0003580000	Cyclone or vortex type combustion chambers
F23R0003600000	Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
F23R0005000000	Continuous combustion chambers using solid or pulverulent fuel (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C0010160000)
F23R0007000000	Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers
F24	HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests A01G0013060000; baking ovens and apparatus A21B; cooking devices other than ranges A47J; forging B21J, B21K; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes B60-B64; combustion apparatus in general F23; drying F26B; ovens in general F27; electric heating elements or arrangements H05B)
F24B	DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
F24B0001000000	Stoves or ranges
F24B0001020000	Closed stoves
F24B0001040000	built-up from glazed tiles (F24B0001080000, F24B0001160000 take precedence);;
F24B0001060000	Construction of tiles or bracing means therefor, e.g. shim liner (forming of tiles B28B; glazing of tiles C04B)
F24B0001080000	with fuel storage in a single undivided hopper within stove or range
F24B0001100000	with combustion in horizontal direction (F24B0001140000 takes precedence);;
F24B0001140000	with predistillation in the hopper
F24B0001160000	with fuel storage in multiple or divided hoppers within the stove or range
F24B0001180000	Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
F24B0001181000	Free-standing fireplaces, e.g. for mobile homes
F24B0001182000	with additional provisions for cooking (other stoves with additional provisions for cooking F24B0001260000)
F24B0001183000	with additional provisions for heating water
F24B0001185000	with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating (F24B0001183000 takes precedence;component parts or accessories having air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating F24B0001191000); Regulating combustion; Controls therefor
F24B0001187000	Condition responsive controls for regulating combustion (valves or dampers for air supply F23L)
F24B0001188000	characterised by use of heat exchange means (F24B0001187000 takes precedence);;
F24B0001189000	characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers (F24B0001187000, F24B0001188000 take precedence);;
F24B0001190000	Supplying combustion-air
F24B0001191000	Component parts; Accessories
F24B0001192000	Doors; Screens; Fuel guards
F24B0001193000	Grates; Irons
F24B0001195000	Fireboxes; Frames; Hoods; Heat reflectors
F24B0001197000	Hearths
F24B0001198000	Surrounds-fronts
F24B0001199000	Fuel-handling equipment
F24B0001200000	Ranges
F24B0001220000	in which the baking oven is arranged above the fire-box
F24B0001240000	with built-in masses for heat storage or heat insulation
F24B0001260000	Stoves with additional provisions for cooking (stoves with open-fires with additional provisions for cooking F24B0001182000)
F24B0001280000	Combined installations of stoves or ranges, e.g. back-to-back stoves with a common fire-box
F24B0003000000	Heaters not covered by group  F24B0001000000, e.g. charcoal brazier(for cooking A47J0027000000-A47J0037000000)
F24B0005000000	Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges (stoves with open fires with air-handling means F24B0001185000)
F24B0005020000	in or around stoves
F24B0005040000	the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove or fire grate
F24B0005060000	in or around ranges
F24B0005080000	around the baking oven
F24B0007000000	Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating (stoves with open fires characterised by use of heat exchange means F24B0001185000; air heaters having heat generating means F24H0003000000)
F24B0007020000	with external air ducts
F24B0007040000	with internal air ducts
F24B0007060000	without air ducts
F24B0009000000	Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water (F24B0001182000, F24B0001183000 take precedence);;
F24B0009020000	in open containers, e.g. bain-marie
F24B0009040000	in closed containers
F24B0013000000	Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels (component parts or accessories for stoves with open-fires F24B0001191000; removing ash, clinker or slag from combustion chambers F23J0001000000; removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire F23J0003000000; joints or connections for chimneys or flues F23J0013040000; mouths or inlet holes for chimneys or flues F23J0013060000; means for supervising combustion F23M0011040000)
F24B0013020000	Arrangement or mounting of fire-grate assemblies (grates F23H); Arrangement or mounting of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-back (ceramic materials C04B0033000000, C04B0035000000; casings, linings, walls for combustion chambers F23M)
F24B0013040000	Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers (feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus in general F23K)
F24B0015000000	Implements for use in connection with stoves or ranges (ash sieves B07B; firelighters C10L0011000000; removal of ashes F23J; other devices for igniting F23Q)
F24B0015020000	for breaking coal
F24B0015040000	Coal hods; Coal boxes
F24B0015060000	Shovels with ejectors
F24B0015080000	Shovels with sifters
F24B0015100000	Coal tongs
F24C	OTHER DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (radiator stoves of the fluid-circulating type F24H)
F24C0001000000	Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of groups ; F24C0003000000-F24C0009000000; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified
F24C0001020000	adapted for the use of two or more kinds of fuel or energy supply (F24C0001160000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more stoves or ranges each having a different kind of fuel or energy supply F24C0011000000)
F24C0001040000	simultaneously
F24C0001060000	by replacing parts, e.g. replacing burner by electric heater
F24C0001080000	solely adapted for radiation heating (F24C0001160000 takes precedence);;
F24C0001100000	with reflectors
F24C0001120000	of circular shape
F24C0001140000	Radiation heating stoves or ranges, with additional provision for convection heating (F24C0001020000, F24C0001160000 take precedence;solely adapted for convection heating F24H)
F24C0001160000	with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible
F24C0003000000	Stoves or ranges for gaseous fuels
F24C0003020000	with heat produced solely by flame (F24C0003140000 takes precedence);;
F24C0003040000	with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body, e.g. by a perforated plate (F24C0003140000 takes precedence);;
F24C0003060000	without any visible flame
F24C0003080000	Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per seF23D)
F24C0003100000	Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per seF23Q)
F24C0003120000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves F16K; safety devices for burners F23D0014720000; regulating or controlling combustion F23N)
F24C0003140000	with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible
F24C0005000000	Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels
F24C0005020000	with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type (F24C0005200000 takes precedence);;
F24C0005040000	wick type
F24C0005060000	adjustable
F24C0005080000	with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body
F24C0005100000	with atomising burners (F24C0005200000 takes precedence);;
F24C0005120000	Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per seF23D)
F24C0005140000	Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per seF23Q)
F24C0005160000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves F16K; safety devices for burners F23D; regulating or controlling combustion F23N)
F24C0005180000	Liquid-fuel supply arrangements forming parts of stoves or ranges (feeding liquid fuel to combustion apparatus in general F23K)
F24C0005200000	with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible
F24C0007000000	Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy (electric heating elements or arrangements H05B)
F24C0007020000	using microwaves (heating using microwaves in general H05B0006640000)
F24C0007040000	with heat radiated directly from the heating element (F24C0007100000 takes precedence);;
F24C0007060000	Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements
F24C0007080000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (switches H01H; circuit arrangements for electric heating H05B)
F24C0007100000	with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible
F24C0009000000	Stoves or ranges heated by a single type of energy supply not covered by groups  F24C0003000000-F24C0007000000;  or subclass F24B; (using the heat from an exothermal reaction not involving a supply of free oxygen gas, using solar energy F24J)
F24C0011000000	Combinations of two or more stoves or ranges, e.g. each having a different kind of energy supply
F24C0013000000	Stoves or ranges with additional provisions for heating water
F24C0014000000	Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous or catalytic cleaning, electrostatic cleaning
F24C0014020000	pyrolytic type
F24C0015000000	Details
F24C0015020000	Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges (in general E06B; for combustion chambers F23M)
F24C0015040000	with transparent panels
F24C0015060000	Ornamental features, e.g. grate front, surround
F24C0015080000	Foundations or support plates; Legs or pillars; Casings; Wheels (F24C0015100000 takes precedence);;
F24C0015100000	Tops, e.g. hot plate; Rings (F24C0015120000, F24C0015140000 take precedence);;
F24C0015120000	Side rests; Side plates; Cover lids; Splash guards; Racks outside ovens, e.g. for drying plates
F24C0015140000	Spillage trays or grooves
F24C0015160000	Shelves, racks, or trays inside ovens; Supports therefor
F24C0015180000	Arrangement of compartments additional to cooking compartments, e.g. for warming, for storing utensils or fuel containers; Arrangement of additional heating or cooking apparatus, e.g. grills (grills per seA47J)
F24C0015200000	Removing cooking fumes (parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels for withdrawing or condensing cooking vapours from such vessels A47J0036380000)
F24C0015220000	Reflectors for radiation heaters
F24C0015240000	Radiant bodies or panels for radiation heaters (radiant gas burners F23D0014120000)
F24C0015260000	Handles for carrying
F24C0015280000	Draught shields
F24C0015300000	Arrangements for mounting stoves or ranges in particular locations
F24C0015320000	Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
F24C0015340000	Elements or arrangements for heat storage or insulation
F24C0015360000	Protective guards, e.g. for preventing access to heated parts
F24D	DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR (preventing corrosion C23F; water supply in general E03; using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plants for heating purposes F01K0017020000; steam traps F16T; domestic stoves or ranges F24B, F24C; water or air heaters having heat generating means F24H; combined heating and refrigeration systems F25B; heat exchange apparatus or elements F28; removing furring F28G)
F24D0001000000	Central heating systems
F24D0001000000	Steam central heating systems (F24D0010000000, F24D0011000000 take precedence);;
F24D0001020000	operating with live steam
F24D0001040000	operating with exhaust steam
F24D0001060000	operating with superheated steam
F24D0001080000	Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for one-pipe system
F24D0003000000	Hot-water central heating systems (F24D0010000000, F24D0011000000 take precedence);;
F24D0003020000	with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
F24D0003040000	with the water under high pressure
F24D0003060000	Arrangements or devices for maintaining high pressure
F24D0003080000	in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
F24D0003100000	Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks
F24D0003120000	Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating (electric underfloor heating F24D0013020000; special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating, E04B0005480000; building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, E04C0001390000; building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits, E04C0002520000)
F24D0003140000	incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
F24D0003160000	mounted on, or adjacent to, a ceiling, wall or floor
F24D0003180000	using heat pumps
F24D0005000000	Hot-air central heating systems (F24D0010000000, F24D0011000000 take precedence;air conditioning F24F); Exhaust-gas central heating systems
F24D0005020000	operating with discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
F24D0005040000	with return of the air to the air heater
F24D0005060000	operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
F24D0005080000	with hot air led through radiators
F24D0005100000	with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor, or ceiling
F24D0005120000	using heat pumps
F24D0007000000	Central heating systems employing heat-transfer fluids not covered by groups  F24D0001000000-F24D0005000000, e.g. oil, salt, gas(F24D0010000000, F24D0011000000 take precedence);;
F24D0009000000	Central heating systems employing combinations of heat-transfer fluids covered by two or more of groups  F24D0001000000-F24D0007000000; (F24D0010000000, F24D0011000000 take precedence);;
F24D0009020000	Hot water and steam systems
F24D0010000000	District heating systems
F24D0011000000	Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses (self-contained storage heating units F24D0015020000; storage masses, see the relevant subclasses);
F24D0011020000	using heat pumps
F24D0012000000	Other central heating systems
F24D0012020000	having more than one heat source (F24D0003180000, F24D0005120000, F24D0011020000 take precedence);;
F24D0013000000	Other domestic- or space-heating systems
F24D0013000000	Electric heating systems (electric water or air heaters F24H)
F24D0013020000	solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
F24D0013040000	using electric heating of heat-transfer fluid in separate units of the system
F24D0015000000	Other domestic- or space-heating systems
F24D0015020000	consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
F24D0015040000	using heat pumps
F24D0017000000	Domestic hot-water supply systems (combined with domestic- or space-heating systems F24D0001000000-F24D0015000000)
F24D0017020000	using heat pumps
F24D0019000000	Details (of water or air heaters F24H0009000000; of heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general application F28F)
F24D0019020000	Arrangement of mountings or supports for radiators
F24D0019040000	in skirtings
F24D0019060000	Casings, cover lids or ornamental panels, for radiators
F24D0019080000	Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating (valves for drainage F16K, e.g. F16K0021000000, for venting or aerating F16K0024000000)
F24D0019100000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves F16K; only the heater being controlled F24H0009200000)
F24F	AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING (devices for ventilating greenhouses A01G; animal husbandry A01K, e.g. controlling humidity in incubators A01K0041040000; disinfecting or sterilising of air A61L; devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms or for ventilating gasproof shelters A62B; filtering, washing or drying of gases B01D; mixing gases with vapours or liquids in general B01F0003000000; spraying B05B, B05D; removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced B08B0015000000; ventilation, air-conditioning, or cooling, specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant vehicle places, e.g. B60H, B61D0027000000; production of ozone C01B0013100000; chimneys or flues E04F0017020000, E04H0012280000, F23J0011000000, F23L0017020000; air ducts or conduits E04F0017040000, F16L; ventilation in doors or windows E06B0007020000; fans, blowers F04; noise-absorbing in pipes or pipe systems F16L; tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts F23L; cooling F25; details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general application F28F; apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. the atmosphere, H01T0023000000)
F24F0001000000	Air-conditioning
F24F0001000000	Room units, e.g. receiving primary air from a central station
F24F0001010000	in which secondary air is induced by injector action of the primary air (F24F0001020000 takes precedence);;
F24F0001020000	self-contained, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
F24F0001040000	Arrangements for portability
F24F0003000000	Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems (room units F24F0001000000; construction of heat-exchangers F28)
F24F0003020000	characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air (F24F0003044000 takes precedence);;
F24F0003040000	operating with high pressure or high velocity
F24F0003044000	Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
F24F0003048000	with temperature control at constant rate of air-flow (F24F0003056000 takes precedence);;
F24F0003052000	Multiple duct systems, e.g. systems in which hot and cold air are supplied by separate circuits from the central station to mixing chambers in the spaces to be conditioned
F24F0003056000	the air at least partially flowing over lighting fixtures, the heat of which is dissipated or used
F24F0003060000	characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units (F24F0003020000 takes precedence);;
F24F0003080000	with separate supply and return lines for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids
F24F0003100000	with separate supply lines and common return line for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids
F24F0003120000	characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling (F24F0003020000, F24F0003060000 take precedence;apparatus for the individual treatment, see the appropriate subclasses for the treatments);
F24F0003140000	by humidification; by dehumidification
F24F0003147000	with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
F24F0003153000	with subsequent heating, i.e. with the air, given the required humidity in the central station, passing a heating element to achieve the required temperature
F24F0003160000	by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
F24F0005000000	Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by group ; F24F0001000000;  or F24F0003000000
F24F0006000000	Air-humidification
F24F0006020000	by evaporation of water in the air
F24F0006040000	using stationary unheated wet elements
F24F0006060000	using moving unheated wet elements
F24F0006080000	using heated wet elements
F24F0006100000	heated electrically
F24F0006120000	by forming water dispersions in the air
F24F0006140000	using nozzles (nozzles per se, spraying in general B05B)
F24F0006160000	using rotating elements
F24F0006180000	by injection of steam into the air
F24F0007000000	Ventilation
F24F0007007000	with forced flow (using ducting systems F24F0007060000)
F24F0007013000	using wall or window fans, displacing air through the wall or window
F24F0007020000	Roof ventilation (F24F0007007000 takes precedence;ventilation of roof coverings E04D)
F24F0007040000	with ducting systems
F24F0007060000	with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan
F24F0007080000	with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air
F24F0007100000	with air supply, or exhaust, through perforated wall, floor or ceiling (outlet members for directing or distributing air F24F0013060000)
F24F0009000000	Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtain (air curtains for vehicles B60J0009040000)
F24F0011000000	Common features or details
F24F0011000000	Control or safety systems or apparatus (control valves per seF16K)
F24F0011020000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
F24F0011040000	solely for controlling the rate of air-flow (F24F0011080000 takes precedence);;
F24F0011047000	to constant value
F24F0011053000	by means responsive to temperature
F24F0011060000	solely for controlling the supply of heating or cooling fluids for secondary treatment (F24F0011080000 takes precedence);;
F24F0011080000	for controlling the primary treatment of air
F24F0012000000	Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening (with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air F24F0003147000; heat-exchange in general F28)
F24F0013000000	Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
F24F0013020000	Ducting arrangements
F24F0013040000	Air-mixing units (F24F0013060000 takes precedence;mixing gases in general B01F0003020000)
F24F0013060000	Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
F24F0013062000	having one or more bowls or cones diverging in the flow direction (F24F0013072000 takes precedence);;
F24F0013065000	formed as cylindrical or spherical bodies which are rotatable (F24F0013072000 takes precedence);;
F24F0013068000	formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors (F24F0013078000 takes precedence);;
F24F0013072000	of elongated shape, e.g. between ceiling panels
F24F0013075000	having parallel rods or lamellae directing the outflow, e.g. the rods or lamellae being individually adjustable (F24F0013072000 takes precedence);;
F24F0013078000	combined with lighting fixtures (air-treatment systems with air-flow over lighting fixtures F24F0003056000)
F24F0013080000	Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps, guide plates (F24F0007013000, F24F0013060000 take precedence;roof ventilation F24F0007020000)
F24F0013100000	movable, e.g. damper (F24F0013180000 takes precedence;valves in general F16K)
F24F0013120000	built-up of sliding members
F24F0013140000	built-up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
F24F0013150000	with parallel simultaneously tiltable lamellae
F24F0013160000	built-up of parallelly-movable plates
F24F0013180000	specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane
F24F0013200000	Casings or covers
F24F0013220000	Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
F24F0013240000	Means for preventing or suppressing noise
F24F0013260000	Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
F24F0013280000	Arrangement or mounting of filters
F24F0013300000	Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
F24F0013320000	Supports for air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation units
F24H	FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, IN GENERAL (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K0005000000; tube furnaces for thermal non-catalytic cracking C10G0009200000; devices, e.g. valves, for venting and aerating enclosures F16K0024000000; steam traps or like apparatus F16T; steam generation F22; combustion apparatus F23; domestic stoves or ranges F24B, F24C; domestic- or space-heating systems F24D; furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts F27; heat-exchangers F28; electric heating elements or arrangements H05B)
F24H0001000000	Water heaters having heat generating means, e.g. boiler, flow-heater, water-storage heater (F24H0007000000, F24H0008000000 take precedence;details F24H0009000000; steam boilers F22B; domestic stoves or ranges with additional provisions for heating water F24B0009000000, F24C0013000000)
F24H0001060000	Portable or mobile, e.g. collapsible
F24H0001080000	Packaged or self-contained boilers, i.e. water heaters with control devices and pump in a single unit
F24H0001100000	Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium (F24H0001500000 takes precedence);;
F24H0001120000	in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
F24H0001140000	by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
F24H0001160000	helically or spirally coiled
F24H0001180000	Water-storage heaters (F24H0001500000 takes precedence;combined with water-heating stoves for central heating F24H0001220000)
F24H0001200000	with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
F24H0001220000	Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating (F24H0001500000 takes precedence);;
F24H0001240000	with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers (F24H0001400000, F24H0001440000 take precedence);;
F24H0001260000	the water mantle forming an integral body
F24H0001280000	including one or more furnace or fire tubes
F24H0001300000	the water mantle being built-up from sections
F24H0001320000	with vertical sections arranged side by side
F24H0001340000	with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side (F24H0001240000, F24H0001440000 take precedence);;
F24H0001360000	the water chamber including one or more fire tubes
F24H0001380000	with water contained in separate elements, e.g. radiator-type element (F24H0001400000, F24H0001440000 take precedence);;
F24H0001400000	with water tube or tubes (F24H0001440000 takes precedence);;
F24H0001410000	in serpentine form
F24H0001430000	helically or spirally coiled
F24H0001440000	with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups ; F24H0001240000-F24H0001400000
F24H0001460000	Water heaters having plural combustion chambers
F24H0001480000	Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
F24H0001500000	incorporating domestic water tanks
F24H0001520000	incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water (F24H0001500000 takes precedence);;
F24H0003000000	Air heaters having heat generating means (F24H0007000000, F24H0008000000 take precedence;details F24H0009000000; domestic stoves or ranges with additional provisions for convection heating of air F24B, F24C)
F24H0003020000	with forced circulation (F24H0003120000 takes precedence);;
F24H0003040000	the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
F24H0003060000	the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
F24H0003080000	by tubes
F24H0003100000	by plates
F24H0003120000	with additional heating arrangements
F24H0004000000	Fluid heaters using heat pumps
F24H0004020000	Liquid heaters
F24H0004040000	Storage heaters
F24H0004060000	Gas heaters
F24H0006000000	Combined water and air heaters (F24H0008000000 takes precedence);;
F24H0007000000	Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release (domestic stoves or ranges with additional heat storage masses F24B0001240000, F24C0015340000)
F24H0007020000	the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid, e.g. air, water
F24H0007040000	with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
F24H0007060000	the released heat being radiated
F24H0008000000	Fluid heaters having heat-generating means specially adapted for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
F24H0009000000	Details
F24H0009020000	Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
F24H0009060000	Arrangement of mountings or supports
F24H0009120000	Connecting heaters to circulation pipes (pipe joints in general F16L)
F24H0009140000	Connecting different sections, e.g. in water heaters (in radiators F28F0009260000)
F24H0009160000	Arrangements for water drainage (valves for drainage F16K, e.g. F16K0021000000; in pipes or pipe systems in general F16L0055000000; in domestic-or space-heating systems F24D0019080000)
F24H0009180000	Arrangement or mounting of grates, burners, or heating elements (burners F23D; grates F23H; electric heating elements H05B)
F24H0009200000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves F16K; safety devices for burners F23D; combustion control devices F23N; of systems comprising a heater, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. of control heating systems F24D0019100000; automatic switching for electric heating apparatus H05B0001020000)
F24J	PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (materials therefor C09K0005000000; engines or other mechanisms for producing mechanical power from heat, see the relevant classes, e.g. F03G;  for using natural heat);
F24J0001000000	Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than by combustion (for cooking-vessels A47J0036280000; self-heating compresses A61F0007030000; materials for the production of heat or cold undergoing non-reversible chemical reactions, other than by combustion, when used C09K0005180000)
F24J0002000000	Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F0001140000; roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D0013180000; devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G0006000000; semi-conductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L0025000000, H01L0031000000; semiconductor devices including arrays of solar cells using heat energy H01L0031058000; generators in which light radiation is directly converted into electrical energy H02N0006000000)
F24J0002020000	Solar heat collectors with support for article heated, e.g. stoves, ranges, crucibles, furnaces or ovens using solar heat
F24J0002040000	Solar heat collectors having working fluid conveyed through collector
F24J0002050000	surrounded by a transparent enclosure, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
F24J0002060000	having concentrating elements (optical elements or systems per seG02B)
F24J0002070000	Receivers working at high temperature, e.g. for solar power plants
F24J0002080000	having lenses as concentrating elements
F24J0002100000	having reflectors as concentrating elements
F24J0002120000	parabolic
F24J0002130000	hemispherical
F24J0002140000	semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic
F24J0002150000	conical
F24J0002160000	having flat plates
F24J0002180000	spaced, opposed interacting reflecting surfaces
F24J0002200000	the working fluid being conveyed between plates
F24J0002220000	having extended surfaces, e.g. protrusions, corrugations (F24J0002280000 takes precedence);;
F24J0002230000	the working fluid trickling freely over collector elements
F24J0002240000	the working fluid being conveyed through tubular heat absorbing conduits
F24J0002260000	having extended surfaces, e.g. protrusions (F24J0002280000 takes precedence);;
F24J0002280000	having permeable mass, foraminous or porous materials
F24J0002300000	with means to exchange heat between plural fluids
F24J0002320000	having evaporator and condenser section, e.g. heat pipe
F24J0002340000	having heat storage mass
F24J0002360000	Rollable or foldable collector units
F24J0002380000	employing tracking means (F24J0002020000, F24J0002060000 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J0002540000; direction-finders for determining the direction from which electromagnetic waves are being received G01S0003780000; control of position or direction G05D0003000000)
F24J0002400000	Control arrangements
F24J0002420000	Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
F24J0002440000	having thermosiphonic circulation
F24J0002460000	Component parts, details or accessories of solar heat collectors
F24J0002480000	characterised by the absorber material
F24J0002500000	Transparent coverings
F24J0002510000	Thermal insulation (F24J0002500000 takes precedence);;
F24J0002520000	Arrangement of mountings or supports
F24J0002540000	specially adapted for rotary movement
F24J0003000000	Other production or use of heat, not derived from combustion (use of solar heat F24J0002000000)
F24J0003060000	using natural heat
F24J0003080000	using geothermal heat (devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy F03G0004000000)
F25	REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
F25B	REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS, OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion C09K0005000000; pumps, compressors F04; use of heat pumps for domestic or space-heating or for domestic hot-water supply F24D; air-conditioning, air-humidification F24F; fluid heaters using heat pumps F24H)
F25B0001000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems
F25B0001000000	Compression machines, plant or systems with non-reversible cycle (F25B0003000000, F25B0005000000, F25B0006000000, F25B0007000000, F25B0009000000 take precedence);;
F25B0001020000	with compressor of reciprocating-piston type (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0001040000	with compressor of rotary type (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0001047000	of screw type
F25B0001053000	of turbine type
F25B0001060000	with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0001080000	using vapour under pressure
F25B0001100000	with multi-stage compression (with cascade operation F25B0007000000)
F25B0003000000	Self-contained rotary compression machines, i.e. with compressor, condenser, and evaporator rotating as a single unit
F25B0005000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity (with cascade operation F25B0007000000)
F25B0005020000	arranged in parallel
F25B0005040000	arranged in series
F25B0006000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several condenser circuits
F25B0006020000	arranged in parallel
F25B0006040000	arranged in series
F25B0007000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit (F25B0009000000 takes precedence);;
F25B0009000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
F25B0009020000	using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
F25B0009040000	using vortex effect
F25B0009060000	using expanders (F25B0009100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0009080000	using ejectors (F25B0009100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0009100000	with several cooling stages
F25B0009120000	using ; 3He-4He dilution
F25B0009140000	characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
F25B0011000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
F25B0011020000	as expanders (F25B0009060000 takes precedence);;
F25B0011040000	centrifugal type
F25B0013000000	Compression machines, plant, or systems, with reversible cycle (defrosting cycles F25B0047020000)
F25B0015000000	Sorption machines, plant, or systems
F25B0015000000	Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
F25B0015020000	without inert gas (F25B0015120000, F25B0015140000, F25B0015160000 take precedence);;
F25B0015040000	the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
F25B0015060000	the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
F25B0015080000	the refrigerant being sulfuric acid
F25B0015090000	the refrigerant being hydrogen desorbed from a hydride
F25B0015100000	with inert gas (F25B0015120000, F25B0015140000, F25B0015160000 take precedence);;
F25B0015120000	with resorber (F25B0015140000 takes precedence);;
F25B0015140000	using osmosis
F25B0015160000	using desorption cycle
F25B0017000000	Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
F25B0017020000	the absorbent or adsorbent being a liquid, e.g. brine (F25B0017100000 takes precedence);;
F25B0017040000	with two or more boilers operating alternately
F25B0017060000	with the boiler and evaporator built-up as a unit in a tiltable or revolving arrangement
F25B0017080000	the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt (F25B0017120000 takes precedence);;
F25B0017100000	using the endothermic solution of salt
F25B0017120000	using desorption of hydrogen from a hydride
F25B0019000000	Machines, plant, or systems, with a single mode of operation, not covered by groups ; F25B0001000000-F25B0017000000
F25B0019000000	Machines, plant, or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
F25B0019020000	using fluid jet, e.g. of steam
F25B0019040000	using liquid jet, e.g. of water
F25B0021000000	Machines, plant, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
F25B0021020000	using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect (thermoelectric elements H01L0035000000, H01L0037000000)
F25B0021040000	reversible
F25B0023000000	Machines, plant, or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups ; F25B0001000000-F25B0021000000, e.g. using selective radiation effect
F25B0025000000	Machines, plant, or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups  F25B0001000000-F25B0023000000; (combinations of two or more modes of operation covered by a single main group, see the relevant group);;
F25B0025020000	Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
F25B0027000000	Machines, plant, or systems, using particular sources of energy (F25B0030060000 takes precedence);;
F25B0027020000	using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
F25B0029000000	Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
F25B0030000000	Heat pumps
F25B0030020000	of the compression type
F25B0030040000	of the sorption type
F25B0030060000	characterised by the source of low potential heat
F25B0031000000	Component parts or details
F25B0031000000	Compressor arrangements (compressors per seF04)
F25B0031020000	of motor-compressor units
F25B0033000000	Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers (boiler-absorbers F25B0035000000)
F25B0035000000	Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
F25B0035020000	using a liquid as sorbent, e.g. brine
F25B0035040000	using a solid as sorbent
F25B0037000000	Absorbers; Adsorbers (boiler-absorbers F25B0035000000; separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents B01D0015000000; separation of gases or vapours by adsorption B01D0053020000; separation of gases or vapours by absorption B01D0053140000; investigating using adsorption or absorption G01N0030000000)
F25B0039000000	Evaporators; Condensers
F25B0039020000	Evaporators
F25B0039040000	Condensers
F25B0040000000	Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
F25B0040020000	Subcoolers
F25B0040040000	Desuperheaters
F25B0040060000	Superheaters
F25B0041000000	Fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. for transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler (pumps per se, sealings therefor F04)
F25B0041020000	using electro-osmosis
F25B0041040000	Disposition of valves (valves per seF16K)
F25B0041060000	Flow restrictors, e.g. capillary tubes; Disposition thereof
F25B0043000000	Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids (in analysers or rectifiers F25B0033000000); Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat (F25B0040000000 takes precedence);;
F25B0043020000	for separating lubricants from the refrigerant
F25B0043040000	for withdrawing non-condensible gases
F25B0045000000	Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
F25B0047000000	Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
F25B0047020000	Defrosting cycles
F25B0049000000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (testing refrigerators G01M; control in general G05)
F25B0049020000	for compression type machines, plant or systems
F25B0049040000	for sorption type machines, plant or systems
F25C	PRODUCTION, WORKING, STORING, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ICE (frozen sweets, including ice-cream, their production A23G0009000000; concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvents B01D0009040000; purification of water by freezing C02F0001220000; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; solidification of gases or gaseous mixtures F25J; freeze-drying F26B)
F25C0001000000	Production of ice (F25C0003000000 takes precedence);;
F25C0001020000	Production of natural ice, i.e. without refrigeration
F25C0001040000	by using stationary moulds
F25C0001060000	open or openable at both ends
F25C0001080000	by immersing freezing chambers or plates into water
F25C0001100000	by using rotating or otherwise moving moulds (F25C0001080000 takes precedence);;
F25C0001120000	by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
F25C0001140000	to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
F25C0001160000	by partially evaporating water in a vacuum
F25C0001180000	of a particular transparency or translucency, e.g. by injecting air
F25C0001200000	by agitation
F25C0001220000	Construction of moulds; Filling devices therefor (metering by volume in general G01F)
F25C0001240000	for refrigerators, e.g. freezing trays
F25C0003000000	Production of ice or snow for the purposes specified in the subgroups of this group
F25C0003020000	for ice rinks (shape of rinks A63C0019100000; construction of rinks E01C)
F25C0003040000	for sledging or ski trails; Production of artificial snow (shape of trails A63C0019100000; construction of trails E01C)
F25C0005000000	Working or distributing ice
F25C0005020000	Tools or machines for disintegrating, removing, or harvesting ice
F25C0005040000	without the use of saws
F25C0005060000	by deforming bodies with which the ice is in contact, e.g. by inflatable members
F25C0005080000	by heating bodies in contact with the ice
F25C0005100000	using hot refrigerant; using fluid heated by refrigerant
F25C0005120000	Ice-shaving machines
F25C0005140000	Tools or machines for shaping or finishing ice pieces, e.g. ice presses
F25C0005160000	Tools or devices for ice handling not covered by any other subclass
F25C0005180000	Storing ice
F25D	REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT COVERED BY ANY OTHER SUBCLASS (refrigerated showcases A47F0003040000; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use A47J0041000000; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes B60-B64; containers with thermal insulation in general B65D0081380000; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion C09K0005000000; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F17C; air-conditioning or air-humidification F24F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration G12B; cooling of engines or pumps, see the relevant classes);
F25D0001000000	Devices not associated with refrigerating machinery
F25D0001000000	Devices using naturally-cold air or water
F25D0001020000	using naturally-cold water, e.g. household-tap water
F25D0003000000	Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
F25D0003020000	using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
F25D0003040000	Stationary cabinets
F25D0003060000	Movable containers
F25D0003080000	portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
F25D0003100000	using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
F25D0003110000	with conveyers carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
F25D0003120000	using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
F25D0003140000	portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
F25D0005000000	Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
F25D0005020000	portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
F25D0007000000	Devices using evaporation effects without recovery of the vapour (butter or cheese dishes with cooling devices A47G0019260000)
F25D0009000000	Devices not covered by groups ; F25D0001000000-F25D0007000000; Combinations of devices covered by two or more of the groups ; F25D0001000000-F25D0007000000
F25D0011000000	Devices associated with refrigerating machinery
F25D0011000000	Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerator
F25D0011020000	with cooling compartments at different temperatures
F25D0011040000	specially adapted for storing deep-frozen articles (F25D0011020000 takes precedence);;
F25D0013000000	Stationary devices, e.g. cold rooms
F25D0013020000	with several cooling compartments, e.g. refrigerated locker systems
F25D0013040000	the compartments being at different temperatures
F25D0013060000	with conveyers carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
F25D0015000000	Devices not covered by group ; F25D0011000000;  or F25D0013000000, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
F25D0016000000	Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
F25D0017000000	Details or features of the devices covered by groups ; F25D0001000000-F25D0016000000
F25D0017000000	Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
F25D0017020000	for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
F25D0017040000	for circulating gas, e.g. by natural convection
F25D0017060000	by forced circulation
F25D0017080000	using ducts
F25D0019000000	Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices
F25D0019020000	plug-in type
F25D0019040000	with more than one refrigeration unit
F25D0021000000	Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water (removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus in general F28F0017000000; heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas H05B0003840000)
F25D0021020000	Detecting the presence of frost or condensate
F25D0021040000	Preventing the formation of frost or condensate
F25D0021060000	Removing frost (defrosting cycles F25B0047020000)
F25D0021080000	by electric heating
F25D0021100000	by spraying with fluid
F25D0021120000	by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system
F25D0021140000	Collecting or removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays
F25D0023000000	General constructional features (F25D0021000000 takes precedence);;
F25D0023020000	Doors; Covers (F25D0023080000 takes precedence);;
F25D0023040000	with special compartments, e.g. butter conditioners
F25D0023060000	Walls (F25D0023080000 takes precedence;containers with thermal insulation B65D0081380000)
F25D0023080000	Parts formed wholly or mainly of plastics materials
F25D0023100000	Arrangements for mounting in particular locations, e.g. for built-in type, for corner type
F25D0023120000	Arrangements of compartments additional to cooling compartments; Combinations of refrigerators with other equipment, e.g. stove
F25D0025000000	Charging, supporting, or discharging the articles to be cooled
F25D0025020000	by shelves
F25D0025040000	by conveyers (in general B65G)
F25D0027000000	Lighting arrangements (in general F21)
F25D0029000000	Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
F25D0031000000	Other cooling or freezing apparatus
F25J	LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION, OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT (cryogenic pumps F04B0037080000; gas storage vessels, gas-holders F17; filling vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B)
F25J0001000000	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J0001020000	requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J0003000000	Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
F25J0003020000	by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream (F25J0003080000 takes precedence);;
F25J0003040000	for air
F25J0003060000	by partial condensation (F25J0003080000 takes precedence;by rectification F25J0003020000)
F25J0003080000	Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures (cold traps B01D0008000000)
F25J0005000000	Arrangements of cold-exchangers or cold-accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants (heat-exchangers F28C, F28D, F28F)
F26	DRYING
F26B	DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM (drying devices for combines A01D0041133000; racks for drying fruit or vegetables A01F0025120000; drying foodstuffs A23; drying hair A45D0020000000; body-drying implements A47K0010000000; drying household articles A47L; drying gases or vapours B01D; chemical or physical processes for dewatering or like separating liquids from solids B01D0043000000; centrifugal apparatus B04; drying ceramics C04B0033300000; drying yarns or fabrics in association with some other form of treatment D06C; drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation, domestic laundry-or spin-driers, wringing or hot pressing laundry D06F; furnaces, kilns, ovens F27)
F26B0001000000	Processes for drying
F26B0001000000	Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying
F26B0003000000	Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat (in specific machines or apparatus F26B0009000000-F26B0019000000)
F26B0003020000	by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
F26B0003040000	the gas or vapour circulating over, or surrounding, the materials or objects to be dried (F26B0003140000 takes precedence);;
F26B0003060000	the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried (F26B0003140000 takes precedence);;
F26B0003080000	so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
F26B0003084000	with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed
F26B0003088000	using inert thermally-stabilised particles
F26B0003092000	agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
F26B0003097000	using a magnetic field to stabilise the fluidised bed
F26B0003100000	the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
F26B0003120000	in the form of a spray
F26B0003140000	the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity
F26B0003160000	in a counter-flow of the gas or vapour
F26B0003180000	by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
F26B0003200000	the heat source being a heated surface (F26B0003220000 takes precedence);;
F26B0003220000	the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration
F26B0003240000	the movement being rotation
F26B0003260000	the movement being performed by gravity
F26B0003280000	by radiation, e.g. from the sun
F26B0003300000	from infra-red-emitting elements
F26B0003320000	by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried
F26B0003340000	by using electrical effects
F26B0003347000	Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
F26B0003353000	Resistance heating
F26B0003360000	by using mechanical effects, e.g. by friction (by using ultrasonic vibration F26B0005020000)
F26B0005000000	Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat (separating liquids from solids by straining B01D; replacing liquids in wet solids by other liquids, e.g. water by spirit, B01D0012000000; drying by electrophoresis B01J)
F26B0005020000	by using ultrasonic vibrations
F26B0005040000	by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
F26B0005060000	the process involving freezing
F26B0005080000	by centrifugal treatment
F26B0005100000	the process involving freezing
F26B0005120000	by suction
F26B0005140000	by applying pressure, e.g. wringing; by brushing; by wiping
F26B0005160000	by contact with sorbent bodies, e.g. absorbent mould; by admixture with sorbent materials
F26B0007000000	Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups ; F26B0003000000;  or F26B0005000000
F26B0009000000	Machines or apparatus for drying
F26B0009000000	Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
F26B0009020000	in buildings (special types of buildings E04H)
F26B0009040000	in presses or clamping devices
F26B0009060000	in stationary drums or chambers
F26B0009080000	including agitating devices
F26B0009100000	in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material
F26B0011000000	Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
F26B0011020000	in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles (F26B0011180000 takes precedence);;
F26B0011040000	rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
F26B0011060000	with stirring devices which are held stationary
F26B0011080000	rotating about a vertical or steeply-inclined axis
F26B0011100000	with stirring devices which are held stationary
F26B0011120000	in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices (F26B0011220000 takes precedence);;
F26B0011140000	the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane
F26B0011160000	the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
F26B0011180000	on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles
F26B0011200000	with stirring devices which are held stationary
F26B0011220000	on or in stationary dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles, with moving stirring devices
F26B0013000000	Machines or apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
F26B0013020000	with movement in a straight line
F26B0013040000	using rollers
F26B0013060000	with movement in a sinuous or zig-zag path
F26B0013080000	using rollers
F26B0013100000	Arrangements for feeding, heating, or supporting materials; Regulating movement, tension, or position of materials (heating processes F26B0003000000)
F26B0013120000	Regulating movement, tension, or position of material
F26B0013140000	Rollers (sorbent surfaces F26B0013260000)
F26B0013160000	perforated (F26B0013180000 takes precedence;for applying suction F26B0013300000)
F26B0013180000	heated; cooled
F26B0013200000	Supporting materials by fluid jets, e.g. air
F26B0013220000	Arrangements of gas flames
F26B0013240000	Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating (such processes per seF26B0005000000)
F26B0013260000	using sorbent surfaces, e.g. bands or coverings on rollers
F26B0013280000	for applying pressure; for brushing; for wiping
F26B0013300000	for applying suction, e.g. through perforated rollers
F26B0015000000	Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form (F26B0013000000, F26B0017000000 take precedence;conveyers in general B65G)
F26B0015020000	with movement in the whole or part of a circle
F26B0015040000	in a horizontal plane
F26B0015060000	involving several planes, one above the other
F26B0015080000	in a vertical plane
F26B0015100000	with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound
F26B0015120000	the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
F26B0015140000	the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks
F26B0015160000	the objects or batches of materials being carried by wheeled trucks
F26B0015180000	the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
F26B0015200000	the lines being all vertical or steeply inclined
F26B0015220000	the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
F26B0015240000	in a zig-zag path
F26B0015260000	with movement in a helical path
F26B0017000000	Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement (F26B0013000000 takes precedence);;
F26B0017020000	with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
F26B0017040000	the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined (F26B0017080000 takes precedence);;
F26B0017060000	the belts being all vertical or steeply inclined (F26B0017080000 takes precedence);;
F26B0017080000	the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path
F26B0017100000	with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle (F26B0003080000 takes precedence);;
F26B0017120000	with movement performed solely by gravity
F26B0017140000	the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
F26B0017160000	the materials passing down a heated surface
F26B0017180000	with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyers moving materials in stationary chambers
F26B0017200000	the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
F26B0017220000	the axis of rotation being vertical or steeply inclined
F26B0017240000	with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials
F26B0017260000	with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyers propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays
F26B0017280000	with movement performed by rollers or discs with material passing over or between them, e.g. suction drum, sieve
F26B0017300000	with movement performed by rotary or oscillating containers; with movement performed by rotary floors
F26B0017320000	the movement being in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane
F26B0017340000	the movement being in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
F26B0019000000	Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups ; F26B0009000000-F26B0017000000
F26B0020000000	Combinations of machines or apparatus covered by two or more of groups ; F26B0009000000-F26B0019000000
F26B0021000000	Details of general application
F26B0021000000	Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects (air-conditioning or ventilation in general F24F)
F26B0021020000	Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure (F26B0021140000 takes precedence);;
F26B0021040000	partly outside the drying enclosure
F26B0021060000	Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply (F26B0021140000 takes precedence);;
F26B0021080000	Humidity
F26B0021100000	Temperature; Pressure
F26B0021120000	Velocity of flow; Quantity of flow
F26B0021140000	using gases or vapours other than air or steam
F26B0023000000	Heating arrangements (using heated air or gases F26B0021000000)
F26B0023020000	using combustion heating (F26B0023100000 takes precedence);;
F26B0023040000	using electric heating (F26B0023100000 takes precedence);;
F26B0023060000	resistance heating
F26B0023080000	inductive heating; capacitative heating; microwave heating
F26B0023100000	using tubes or passages containing heated fluids
F26B0025000000	Details of general application not covered by group  F26B0021000000;  or F26B0023000000; (loading, conveying, or unloading in general B65G)
F26B0025020000	Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another subclass
F26B0025040000	Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
F26B0025060000	Chambers, containers, or receptacles
F26B0025080000	Parts thereof
F26B0025100000	Floors, roofs, or bottoms; False bottoms
F26B0025120000	Walls or sides; Doors
F26B0025140000	Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
F26B0025160000	mainly closed, e.g. drum
F26B0025180000	mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan
F26B0025200000	Rollers (F26B0025060000 takes precedence);;
F26B0025220000	Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
F27	FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens A21B, glass melting furnaces C03B, coke or gas-making apparatus C10B, C10J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons C10G, blast furnaces C21B, converters for making steel C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal C21D; furnaces for electroslag or arc remelting of metals C22B0009000000; enamelling ovens C23D; combustion apparatus F23; electric heating H05B)
F27B	FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
F27B0001000000	Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces (for preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime, magnesia or dolomite C04B0002120000)
F27B0001020000	with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
F27B0001040000	Combinations or arrangements of shafts
F27B0001060000	of other than up-draught type
F27B0001080000	heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
F27B0001090000	heated electrically
F27B0001100000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27B0001120000	Shells or casings; Supports therefor
F27B0001140000	Arrangements of linings (linings in general F27D0001000000)
F27B0001160000	Arrangements of tuyères
F27B0001180000	Arrangements of dust collectors
F27B0001200000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0001210000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0001220000	Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus (heat-exchangers in general F28C, F28D)
F27B0001240000	Cooling arrangements
F27B0001260000	Arrangements of controlling devices
F27B0001280000	Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices
F27B0003000000	Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type (F27B0009000000-F27B0015000000, F27B0021000000 take precedence);;Electric arc furnaces
F27B0003020000	of single-chamber fixed-hearth type
F27B0003040000	of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces
F27B0003060000	with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable
F27B0003080000	heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
F27B0003100000	Details, accessories, or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
F27B0003120000	Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
F27B0003140000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0003160000	Walls; Roofs
F27B0003180000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0003190000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0003200000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0003220000	Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
F27B0003240000	Cooling arrangements
F27B0003260000	Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus
F27B0003280000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27B0005000000	Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated (F27B0009000000 takes precedence);;
F27B0005020000	of multiple-chamber type
F27B0005040000	adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27B0005050000	in vacuum
F27B0005060000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27B0005080000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0005100000	Muffles
F27B0005120000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0005130000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0005140000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0005160000	Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
F27B0005180000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27B0007000000	Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
F27B0007020000	of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
F27B0007040000	with longitudinal divisions
F27B0007060000	adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27B0007080000	externally heated
F27B0007100000	internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall
F27B0007120000	tiltable
F27B0007140000	with means for agitating or moving the charge
F27B0007160000	the means being fixed relatively to the drum (F27B0007040000 takes precedence);;
F27B0007180000	the means being movable within the drum
F27B0007200000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
F27B0007220000	Rotary drums; Supports therefor
F27B0007240000	Seals between rotary and stationary parts
F27B0007260000	Drives
F27B0007280000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0007300000	Arrangements of partitions
F27B0007320000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0007330000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0007340000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0007360000	Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
F27B0007380000	Arrangements of cooling devices
F27B0007400000	Planetary coolers
F27B0007420000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27B0009000000	Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type (F27B0007140000 takes precedence);;Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
F27B0009020000	of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
F27B0009040000	adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27B0009060000	heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
F27B0009080000	heated through chamber walls
F27B0009100000	heated by hot air or gas
F27B0009120000	with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
F27B0009140000	characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment (F27B0009280000 takes precedence;travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge F27D0003120000)
F27B0009160000	the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
F27B0009180000	under the action of scrapers or pushers
F27B0009200000	the charge moving in a substantially straight path
F27B0009220000	under the action of scrapers or pushers (F27B0009260000 takes precedence);;
F27B0009240000	being carried by a conveyer
F27B0009260000	on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
F27B0009280000	for treating continuous lengths of work
F27B0009300000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27B0009320000	Casings
F27B0009340000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0009360000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0009380000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0009390000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0009400000	Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
F27B0011000000	Bell-type furnaces (for treating metal strips or wire C21D0009663000)
F27B0013000000	Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
F27B0013020000	of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces
F27B0013040000	of single-chamber type with temporary partitions
F27B0013060000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
F27B0013080000	Casings
F27B0013100000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0013120000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0013140000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27B0014000000	Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces
F27B0014020000	with tilting or rocking arrangements (F27B0014040000 takes precedence);;
F27B0014040000	adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27B0014060000	heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces, with or without any other source of heat (F27B0014040000 takes precedence);;
F27B0014080000	Details peculiar to crucible, pot or tank furnaces
F27B0014100000	Crucibles
F27B0014120000	Covers therefor
F27B0014140000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0014160000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0014180000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0014200000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27B0015000000	Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion (combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C0010000000)
F27B0015020000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27B0015040000	Casings; Supports therefor
F27B0015060000	Arrangements of linings
F27B0015080000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0015090000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0015100000	Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
F27B0015120000	Arrangements of dust collectors
F27B0015140000	Arrangements of heating devices
F27B0015160000	Arrangements of cooling devices
F27B0015180000	Arrangements of controlling devices
F27B0015200000	Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices
F27B0017000000	Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups  F27B0001000000-F27B0015000000; (structural combinations of furnaces F27B0019020000)
F27B0017020000	specially designed for laboratory use
F27B0019000000	Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by any single one of main groups ; F27B0001000000-F27B0017000000
F27B0019020000	combined in one structure
F27B0019040000	arranged for associated working
F27B0021000000	Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
F27B0021020000	Sintering grates or tables
F27B0021040000	Sintering pots or sintering pans
F27B0021060000	Endless-strand sintering machines
F27B0021080000	Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to sintering or like apparatus
F27B0021100000	Arrangement of devices for charging
F27B0021120000	Arrangement of devices for discharging
F27B0021140000	Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
F27D	DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE (combustion apparatus F23)
F27D0001000000	Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs (refractory materials C04B; firebridges for combustion chambers F23M0003000000)
F27D0001020000	Crowns; Roofs
F27D0001040000	characterised by the form of the bricks or blocks used
F27D0001060000	Composite bricks or blocks
F27D0001080000	Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing
F27D0001100000	Monolithic linings; Supports therefor
F27D0001120000	incorporating cooling arrangements (constructions of tube assemblies in general F28)
F27D0001140000	Supports for linings (F27D0001100000 takes precedence);;
F27D0001160000	Making or repairing linings
F27D0001180000	Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
F27D0003000000	Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge (conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for B65G0049000000; moving charge through a furnace F27B0009140000)
F27D0003020000	Skids or tracks for heavy objects
F27D0003040000	Ram or pusher apparatus
F27D0003060000	Charging or discharging machines on travelling carriages
F27D0003080000	Screw feeders; Screw dischargers
F27D0003100000	Charging directly from hoppers or shoots
F27D0003120000	Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
F27D0003140000	Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
F27D0003150000	Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing slag
F27D0003160000	Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge (F27D0003180000 takes precedence);;
F27D0003180000	Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
F27D0005000000	Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace (travelling or movable supports F27D0003120000)
F27D0007000000	Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
F27D0007020000	Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids
F27D0007040000	Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
F27D0007060000	Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers (F27D0007020000 takes precedence);;
F27D0009000000	Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein (F27D0001000000, F27D0003000000 take precedence);;
F27D0011000000	Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces (electric heating per seH05B)
F27D0011020000	Ohmic resistance heating
F27D0011040000	with direct passage of current through the material being heated
F27D0011060000	Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
F27D0011080000	Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
F27D0011100000	Disposition of electrodes (automatic control of temperature G05D0023000000; electric discharge apparatus H01T; arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes H05B0007100000; automatic control of power by positioning of electrodes H05B0007144000)
F27D0011120000	with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
F27D0013000000	Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
F27D0015000000	Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
F27D0015020000	Cooling
F27D0017000000	Arrangement for using waste heat (heat-exchangers per seF28); Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases (removing fumes in general B08B0015000000)
F27D0019000000	Arrangement of controlling devices
F27D0021000000	Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
F27D0021020000	Observation or illuminating devices
F27D0021040000	Arrangements of indicators or alarms
F27D0023000000	Details or accessories not covered by any other group of this subclass
F27D0023020000	Devices for removing incrustations
F27D0023040000	Stirring devices for molten material (mixing in general B01F)
F28	HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K0005000000; arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F0013300000)
F28B	STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS (condensation of vapours B01D0005000000; condensation during pretreatment of gases prior to electrostatic precipitation of dispersed particles B03C0003014000; steam engine plants having condensers F01K; liquefaction of gases F25J; details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer arrangements of general application F28F)
F28B0001000000	Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
F28B0001020000	using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
F28B0001040000	employing moving walls
F28B0001060000	using air or other gas as the cooling medium
F28B0001080000	employing moving walls
F28B0003000000	Condensers in which the steam or vapour comes into direct contact with the cooling medium
F28B0003020000	by providing a flowing coating of cooling liquid on the condensing surface
F28B0003040000	by injecting cooling liquid into the steam or vapour (F28B0003080000 takes precedence);;
F28B0003060000	by injecting the steam or vapour into the cooling liquid (F28B0003080000 takes precedence);;
F28B0003080000	with rotatable members
F28B0005000000	Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by groups ; F28B0001000000 and F28B0003000000; Other condensers
F28B0007000000	Combinations of two or more condensers, e.g. provision of reserve condenser
F28B0009000000	Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
F28B0009020000	for feeding steam or vapour to condensers
F28B0009040000	for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
F28B0009060000	with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
F28B0009080000	for collecting and removing condensate
F28B0009100000	for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
F28B0011000000	Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
F28C	HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION (safety devices in general F16P; fluid heaters having heat generating means F24H; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media F28D0015000000-F28D0019000000; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F)
F28C0001000000	Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers (building construction E04H0005120000; enclosed spaces cooled by trickle F25; component parts of trickle coolers F28F0025000000)
F28C0001020000	with counter-current only
F28C0001040000	with cross-current only
F28C0001060000	with both counter-current and cross-current
F28C0001080000	Arrangements for recovering heat from exhaust steam
F28C0001100000	Arrangements for suppressing noise
F28C0001120000	Arrangements for preventing clogging by frost
F28C0001140000	comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
F28C0001160000	Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler (F28C0001140000 takes precedence);;
F28C0003000000	Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
F28C0003020000	the heat-exchange media both being gases or vapours
F28C0003040000	the heat-exchange media both being liquids
F28C0003060000	the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour (temperators for cooling steam F22)
F28C0003080000	with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation (generating steam under pressure F22)
F28C0003100000	one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material
F28C0003120000	the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid
F28C0003140000	the particulate material moving by gravity, e.g. down a tube
F28C0003160000	the particulate material forming a bed, e.g. fluidised, on vibratory sieves
F28C0003180000	the particulate material being contained in rotating drums
F28D	HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F); HEAT STORAGE PLANTS OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
F28D0001000000	Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators (F28D0005000000 takes precedence);;
F28D0001020000	with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
F28D0001030000	with plate-like or laminated conduits
F28D0001040000	with tubular conduits
F28D0001047000	the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
F28D0001053000	the conduits being straight
F28D0001060000	with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
F28D0003000000	Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits (F28D0005000000 takes precedence);;
F28D0003020000	with tubular conduits
F28D0003040000	Distributing arrangements
F28D0005000000	Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
F28D0005020000	in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
F28D0007000000	Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28D0007020000	the conduits being helically coiled (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);;
F28D0007040000	the conduits being spirally coiled (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);;
F28D0007060000	the conduits having a single U-bend (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);;
F28D0007080000	the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);;
F28D0007100000	the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
F28D0007120000	the surrounding tube being closed at one end, i.e. return type (F28D0007140000 takes precedence);;
F28D0007140000	both tubes being bent
F28D0007160000	the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation (F28D0007020000-F28D0007100000;  take precedence);;
F28D0009000000	Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28D0009020000	the heat-exchange media travelling at an angle to one another (F28D0009040000 takes precedence);;
F28D0009040000	the conduits being formed by spirally-wound plates or laminae
F28D0011000000	Heat-exchange apparatus employing moving conduits
F28D0011020000	the movement being rotary, e.g. performed by a drum or roller (F28D0011080000 takes precedence);;
F28D0011040000	performed by a tube or a bundle of tubes
F28D0011060000	the movement being reciprocating or oscillating (F28D0011080000 takes precedence);;
F28D0011080000	more than one conduit assembly performing independent movements, e.g. rotary bundle of tubes in a rotary drum
F28D0013000000	Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
F28D0015000000	Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer media or bodies
F28D0015000000	Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
F28D0015020000	in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
F28D0015040000	with tubes having a capillary structure
F28D0015060000	Control arrangements therefor
F28D0017000000	Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
F28D0017020000	using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
F28D0017040000	Distributing arrangements for the heat-exchange media
F28D0019000000	Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
F28D0019020000	using granular particles
F28D0019040000	using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
F28D0020000000	Heat storage plants or apparatus in general (specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant places, e.g. F24D0015020000); Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups ; F28D0017000000;  or F28D0019000000
F28D0020020000	using latent heat
F28D0021000000	Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups ; F28D0001000000-F28D0020000000
F28F	DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water or air traps, air venting F16)
F28F0001000000	Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F0005000000)
F28F0001020000	Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F0001080000, F28F0001100000 take precedence);;
F28F0001040000	polygonal, e.g. rectangular
F28F0001060000	crimped or corrugated in cross-section
F28F0001080000	Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
F28F0001100000	Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F0001060000, F28F0001080000)
F28F0001120000	the means being only outside the tubular element
F28F0001140000	and extending longitudinally (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001160000	the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion (F28F0001220000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001180000	the element being built-up from finned sections
F28F0001200000	the means being attachable to the element (F28F0001220000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001220000	the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
F28F0001240000	and extending transversely (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001260000	the means being integral with the element (F28F0001320000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001280000	the element being built-up from finned sections
F28F0001300000	the means being attachable to the element (F28F0001320000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001320000	the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
F28F0001340000	and extending obliquely (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);;
F28F0001360000	the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals
F28F0001380000	and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages
F28F0001400000	the means being only inside the tubular element
F28F0001420000	the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
F28F0001440000	and being formed of wire mesh
F28F0003000000	Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements (specially adapted for movement F28F0005000000)
F28F0003020000	Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations (F28F0003080000 takes precedence);;
F28F0003040000	the means being integral with the element
F28F0003060000	the means being attachable to the element
F28F0003080000	Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
F28F0003100000	Arrangement for sealing the margins
F28F0003120000	Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
F28F0003140000	by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation (manufacture thereof B23P)
F28F0005000000	Elements specially adapted for movement (arrangements for moving the elements, see the appropriate subclass for the apparatus concerned);;
F28F0005020000	Rotary drums or rollers
F28F0005040000	Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane
F28F0005060000	Hollow screw conveyers
F28F0007000000	Elements not covered by group ; F28F0001000000, F28F0003000000, or F28F0005000000
F28F0007020000	Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
F28F0009000000	Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
F28F0009007000	Auxiliary supports for elements
F28F0009013000	for tubes or tube-assemblies
F28F0009020000	Header boxes; End plates
F28F0009040000	Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates (joining pipes to walls in general F16L0041000000)
F28F0009060000	by dismountable joints
F28F0009080000	by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule
F28F0009100000	by screw-type connections, e.g. gland
F28F0009120000	by flange-type connections
F28F0009140000	by force-joining
F28F0009160000	by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling (metal-working procedures in general B21, B23, particularly B21D0039060000, B23K)
F28F0009180000	by welding
F28F0009200000	Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls
F28F0009220000	Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28F0009240000	Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates (F28F0001380000 takes precedence;in general F15D)
F28F0009260000	Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators (connecting different sections in water heaters F24H0009140000)
F28F0011000000	Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits (stopping flow from or in pipes in general F16L0055100000)
F28F0011020000	using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other (F28F0011060000 takes precedence);;
F28F0011040000	using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods (F28F0011060000 takes precedence);;
F28F0011060000	using automatic tube-obturating appliances
F28F0013000000	Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F0001000000-F28F0011000000;  take precedence);;
F28F0013020000	by influencing fluid boundary (boundary-layer control in general F15D)
F28F0013040000	by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
F28F0013060000	by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
F28F0013080000	by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
F28F0013100000	by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration
F28F0013120000	by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F0013080000 takes precedence);;
F28F0013140000	by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat
F28F0013160000	by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium
F28F0013180000	by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
F28F0017000000	Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
F28F0019000000	Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
F28F0019010000	by using means for separating solid materials from heat-exchange fluids, e.g. filters
F28F0019020000	by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
F28F0019040000	of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
F28F0019060000	of metal
F28F0021000000	Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
F28F0021020000	of carbon, e.g. graphite
F28F0021040000	of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
F28F0021060000	of plastics material
F28F0021080000	of metal
F28F0023000000	Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K0005000000)
F28F0023020000	Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
F28F0025000000	Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F0013000000; controlling arrangements F28F0027000000)
F28F0025020000	for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid (spraying or atomising in general B05B, B05D)
F28F0025040000	Distributing or accumulator troughs
F28F0025060000	Spray nozzles or spray pipes
F28F0025080000	Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface (packing elements in general B01J0019300000, B01J0019320000)
F28F0025100000	for feeding gas or vapour
F28F0025120000	Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones
F28F0027000000	Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
F28F0027020000	for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels (arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F0009220000, F28F0025120000)
F28F0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F28G	CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OF BOILERS (cleaning pipes or tubes in general B08B0009020000; devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals, or sludge from boilers while the boiler is in operation, or which remain in position while the boiler is in operation, or are specifically adapted to boilers without any other utility F22B0037480000; removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues F23J; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus F28F0017000000)
F28G0001000000	Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances (F28G0003000000 takes precedence);;
F28G0001020000	having brushes (brushes A46B)
F28G0001040000	having articulated tools, e.g. assembled in chain manner
F28G0001060000	having coiled wire tools, i.e. basket type
F28G0001080000	having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
F28G0001100000	resiliently mounted
F28G0001120000	Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies
F28G0001140000	Pull-through rods
F28G0001160000	using jets of fluid for removing debris (F28G0001120000 takes precedence);;
F28G0003000000	Rotary appliances
F28G0003020000	having abrasive tools
F28G0003040000	having brushes (brushes A46B)
F28G0003060000	having articulated tools, e.g. assembled in chain manner
F28G0003080000	having coiled wire tools, i.e. basket type
F28G0003100000	having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
F28G0003120000	resiliently mounted
F28G0003140000	thrown into working position by centrifugal force
F28G0003160000	using jets of fluid for removing debris
F28G0005000000	Cleaning by distortion (by vibration F28G0007000000)
F28G0007000000	Cleaning by vibration
F28G0009000000	Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents (appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris F28G0001160000, F28G0003160000)
F28G0011000000	Cleaning by combustion processes, e.g. using squibs, using travelling burners
F28G0013000000	Appliances or processes not covered by groups ; F28G0001000000-F28G0011000000; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups ; F28G0001000000-F28G0011000000
F28G0015000000	Details (measuring thickness of deposit G01B)
F28G0015020000	Supports for cleaning appliances, e.g. frames
F28G0015040000	Feeding or driving arrangements, e.g. power operation
F28G0015060000	Automatic reversing devices
F28G0015080000	Locating position of cleaning appliances within conduits
F28G0015100000	Masks for delimiting area to be cleaned
F41	WEAPONS
F41A	FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
F41A0001000000	Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or combustible propellant charges (projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B; launching rockets or torpedoes F41F0003000000; missile self-propulsion F42B0015000000)
F41A0001020000	Hypervelocity missile propulsion using successive means for increasing the propulsive force, e.g. using successively initiated propellant charges arranged along the barrel length; Multistage missile propulsion
F41A0001040000	Missile propulsion using the combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel, e.g. hypergolic fuel
F41A0001060000	Adjusting the range without varying elevation angle or propellant charge data, e.g. by venting a part of the propulsive charge gases, or by adjusting the capacity of the cartridge or combustion chamber
F41A0001080000	Recoilless guns, i.e. guns having propulsion means producing no recoil
F41A0001100000	a counter projectile being used to balance recoil
F41A0003000000	Breech mechanism, e.g. locks
F41A0003020000	Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
F41A0003040000	with pivoting breech-block
F41A0003060000	about a horizontal axis transverse to the barrel axis at the rear of the block (F41A0003080000 takes precedence);;
F41A0003080000	carrying a rotably mounted obturating plug of the screw-thread or the interrupted-thread type (F41A0003300000 takes precedence);;
F41A0003100000	with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically
F41A0003120000	Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
F41A0003140000	Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
F41A0003160000	the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
F41A0003180000	hand-operated
F41A0003200000	Straight-pull operated bolt locks, i.e. the operating hand effecting only a straight movement parallel to the barrel axis
F41A0003220000	the locking being effected by rotating the operating handle or lever transversely to the barrel axis
F41A0003240000	the locking elements forming part of the operating handle or lever
F41A0003260000	semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
F41A0003280000	having fixed locking elements on the non-rotating bolt and rotating locking elements mounted on the barrel or breech housing, e.g. rotatable rings
F41A0003300000	Interlocking means, e.g. locking lugs, screw threads
F41A0003320000	the bolt being rocked about a notional axis transverse to the barrel axis
F41A0003340000	the bolt additionally effecting a sliding movement transverse to the barrel axis
F41A0003360000	Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrrel or breech housing
F41A0003380000	having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
F41A0003400000	mounted on the bolt (F41A0003420000 takes precedence);;
F41A0003420000	hand-operated
F41A0003440000	having sliding locking elements, e.g. balls, rollers
F41A0003460000	mounted on the bolt (F41A0003480000 takes precedence);;
F41A0003480000	hand-operated
F41A0003500000	Toggle-joint locks, e.g. crank-operated
F41A0003520000	hand-operated
F41A0003540000	Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated
F41A0003560000	the bolt being provided with an additional slidable mass
F41A0003580000	Breakdown breech mechanisms, e.g. for shotguns
F41A0003600000	Breech mechanisms for guns having two or more barrels (F41A0003580000 takes precedence;for revolving-cannon guns F41F0001100000)
F41A0003620000	using combustion gas pressure for adding to the mechanical locking action, or for delaying breech opening movement
F41A0003640000	Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
F41A0003660000	Breech housings or frames; Receivers
F41A0003680000	Bolt stops, i.e. means for limiting bolt opening movement
F41A0003700000	Anti-rebound arrangements, i.e. preventing rebound of the bolt out of the firing position
F41A0003720000	Operating handles or levers; Mounting thereof in breech-blocks or bolts
F41A0003740000	Obturating or packing devices for gas leak prevention in breech mechanisms
F41A0003760000	specially adapted for sealing the gap between the forward end of the cartridge chamber and the rearward end of the barrel, e.g. sealing devices for revolvers or revolver-type guns
F41A0003780000	Bolt buffer or recuperator means
F41A0003800000	Adjustable spring buffers
F41A0003820000	Coil spring buffers (F41A0003800000 takes precedence);;
F41A0003840000	mounted within the gun stock
F41A0003860000	mounted under the barrel
F41A0003880000	mounted around the barrel
F41A0003900000	Fluid buffers
F41A0003920000	adjustable
F41A0003940000	in combination with spring buffers
F41A0005000000	Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
F41A0005020000	recoil-operated
F41A0005040000	the barrel being tilted during recoil
F41A0005060000	the barrel being rotated about its longitudinal axis during recoil
F41A0005080000	having an accelerator lever acting on the breech-block or bolt during the opening movement
F41A0005100000	having a movable inertia weight
F41A0005120000	mounted in a gun having a fixed barrel
F41A0005140000	Barrel stops, i.e. devices for holding the recoiling barrel in a predetermined position, e.g. the recoil position
F41A0005160000	having a barrel moving forwardly after the firing of a shot
F41A0005180000	gas-operated
F41A0005200000	using a gas piston arranged concentrically around the barrel
F41A0005220000	having two or more gas pistons
F41A0005240000	by direct action of gas pressure on bolt or locking elements
F41A0005260000	Arrangements or systems for bleeding the gas from the barrel (F41A0005200000-F41A0005240000;  take precedence);;
F41A0005280000	Adjustable systems
F41A0005300000	Gas- or recoil-operation, e.g. selection of gas- or recoil-operated systems
F41A0005320000	Energy accumulator systems, i.e. systems for opening the breech-block by energy accumulated during barrel or gas piston recoil
F41A0005340000	with spring accumulators
F41A0005360000	with fluid accumulators
F41A0007000000	Auxiliary mechanisms for bringing the breech-block or bolt or the barrel to the starting position before automatic firing (operating handles or levers F41A0003000000); Drives for externally-powered guns (revolving-cannon guns F41F0001000000); Remote-controlled gun chargers
F41A0007020000	Machine-gun rechargers, e.g. manually operated
F41A0007040000	fluid operated
F41A0007060000	electrically operated
F41A0007080000	Drives for externally-powered guns, i.e. drives for moving the breech-block or bolt by an external force during automatic firing
F41A0007100000	using a rotating cylindrical drum having a camming groove
F41A0009000000	Feeding or loading of ammunition (adaptations for feeding or loading missiles from magazines in air guns F41B0011020000); Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges (cartridge extractors or ejectors F41A0015000000)
F41A0009010000	Feeding of unbelted ammunition
F41A0009020000	using wheel conveyers, e.g. star-wheel-shaped conveyers
F41A0009030000	using screw or rotary-spiral conveyers
F41A0009040000	using endless-chain belts carrying a plurality of ammunition
F41A0009050000	in tandem sequence
F41A0009060000	using cyclically moving conveyers, i.e. conveyers having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
F41A0009070000	Reciprocating conveyers, i.e. conveyers pushing a plurality of ammunition during the feeding stroke
F41A0009090000	Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
F41A0009100000	pivoting or swinging
F41A0009110000	in a horizontal plane
F41A0009120000	mounted within a smallarm
F41A0009130000	in a vertical plane
F41A0009140000	transverse to the barrel axis
F41A0009150000	mounted within a smallarm
F41A0009160000	parallel to the barrel axis
F41A0009170000	mounted within a smallarm
F41A0009180000	feeding from a magazine under the barrel
F41A0009190000	feeding from a magazine mounted in the stock
F41A0009200000	sliding, e.g. reciprocating
F41A0009210000	in a vertical direction (F41A0009230000 takes precedence);;
F41A0009220000	in a horizontal direction (F41A0009230000 takes precedence);;
F41A0009230000	mounted within a smallarm
F41A0009240000	using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element
F41A0009250000	using a sliding clip
F41A0009260000	using a revolving drum magazine
F41A0009270000	in revolver-type guns
F41A0009280000	of smallarm type (in revolvers F41C0003140000)
F41A0009290000	Feeding of belted ammunition
F41A0009300000	Sprocket-type belt transporters
F41A0009310000	with cartridge stripping means
F41A0009320000	Reciprocating-slide-type belt transporters
F41A0009330000	with cartridge stripping means
F41A0009340000	from magazines (magazines for belted ammunition per seF41A0009790000)
F41A0009350000	Feeding multibarrel guns
F41A0009360000	Feed mechanisms for revolving-cannon guns
F41A0009370000	Feeding two or more kinds of ammunition to the same gun; Feeding from two sides
F41A0009380000	Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
F41A0009390000	Ramming arrangements
F41A0009400000	the breech-block itself being the rammer
F41A0009410000	pushing unbelted ammunition from a box magazine on the gun frame into the cartridge chamber
F41A0009420000	Rammers separate from breech-block
F41A0009430000	Chain rammers
F41A0009440000	Fluid-operated piston rammers
F41A0009450000	the cartridge chamber or the barrel as a whole being tiltable between a loading and a firing position
F41A0009460000	the cartridge chamber being formed by two complementary elements, movable one relative to the other for loading
F41A0009470000	using forwardly-sliding barrels or barrel parts for loading
F41A0009480000	by gravitational force
F41A0009490000	Internally-powered drives, i.e. operated by propellant charge energy, e.g. couplings, clutches, energy accumulators
F41A0009500000	External power or control systems
F41A0009510000	Boosters, i.e. externally-powered motors
F41A0009520000	Arrangements for changing from automatic or magazine-loading to hand-loading
F41A0009530000	Charged-condition indicators, i.e. indicating the presence of a cartridge in the cartridge chamber
F41A0009540000	Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
F41A0009550000	Fixed guiding means, mounted on, or near, the cartridge chamber
F41A0009560000	Movable guiding means
F41A0009570000	Flexible chutes, e.g. for guiding belted ammunition from the magazine to the gun
F41A0009580000	Cartridge stops; Cartridge positioners
F41A0009590000	Ejectors for clips or magazines, e.g. when empty
F41A0009600000	Empty-cartridge-case or belt-link collectors or catchers (F41A0009810000 takes precedence);;
F41A0009610000	Magazines
F41A0009620000	having means for indicating the number of cartridges left in the magazine, e.g. last-round indicators (last-round safeties F41A0017400000)
F41A0009630000	specially adapted for releasable connection with other magazines
F41A0009640000	for unbelted ammunition
F41A0009650000	Box magazines having a cartridge follower
F41A0009660000	Arrangements thereon for charging, i.e. reloading (apparatus or tools for reloading magazines F41A0009830000)
F41A0009670000	having means for depressing the cartridge follower, or for locking it in a depressed position
F41A0009680000	Plural magazines, e.g. tandem magazines
F41A0009690000	characterised by multiple-row or zigzag arrangement of cartridges
F41A0009700000	Arrangements thereon for discharging, e.g. cartridge followers or discharge throats
F41A0009710000	Arrangements thereon for varying capacity; Adapters or inserts for changing cartridge size or type
F41A0009720000	Tubular magazines, i.e. magazines containing the ammunition in lengthwise tandem sequence
F41A0009730000	Drum magazines
F41A0009740000	with radially disposed cartridges
F41A0009750000	having a spiral cartridge channel
F41A0009760000	Magazines having an endless-chain conveyer
F41A0009770000	Magazines having a screw conveyer
F41A0009780000	Magazines having a reciprocating conveyer
F41A0009790000	for belted ammunition
F41A0009800000	having provision for quick-coupling of the belts of adjacent magazines
F41A0009810000	having provision for collecting belt links or empty cartridge cases
F41A0009820000	Reloading of magazines
F41A0009830000	Apparatus or tools for reloading magazines with unbelted ammunition, e.g. cartridge clips
F41A0009840000	Clips
F41A0009850000	for reloading revolver-type magazines
F41A0009860000	Feeding belted ammunition into magazines
F41A0009870000	Ammunition handling dollies or transfer carts (F41A0009860000 takes precedence);;
F41A0011000000	Assembly or disassembly features; Modular concepts; Articulated or collapsible guns (F41A0003640000, F41A0019100000-F41A0019150000, F41A0021480000, F41A0025260000 take precedence);;
F41A0011020000	Modular concepts, e.g. weapon-family concepts
F41A0011040000	Articulated or collapsible guns, i.e. with hinged or telescopic parts for transport or storage (breakdown shotguns or rifles F41C0007110000; folding or telescopic stocks or stock parts F41C0023040000)
F41A0011060000	Telescopic guns
F41A0013000000	Cooling or heating systems (barrels or gun tubes with fins or ribs F41A0021000000); Blowing-through of gun barrels; Ventilating systems
F41A0013020000	Heating systems
F41A0013040000	Injecting fluids into barrels or cartridge chambers (F41A0013080000 takes precedence);;
F41A0013060000	Evacuating combustion gas from barrels (F41A0013100000 takes precedence);;
F41A0013080000	Bore evacuators, i.e. chambers disposed around barrels for storing part of the combustion gas and subsequently injecting it into the barrel to provide suction
F41A0013100000	Blowers or turbines for evacuating or cooling guns, e.g. driven by combustion gas pressure or recoil
F41A0013120000	Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel (F41A0013100000 takes precedence);;
F41A0015000000	Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun (F41A0009540000 takes precedence);;
F41A0015020000	for revolver-type guns, e.g. revolvers
F41A0015040000	specially adapted for cartridge cases being deformed when fired, e.g. of plastics
F41A0015060000	for breakdown guns
F41A0015080000	for block-action guns
F41A0015100000	of sliding-block type
F41A0015120000	for bolt-action guns
F41A0015140000	the ejector being mounted on, or within, the bolt
F41A0015160000	the ejector being mounted on the breech housing or frame
F41A0015180000	for guns with forwardly slidable barrels
F41A0015200000	specially adapted for caseless-ammunition duds
F41A0015220000	Tools for extracting cartridges
F41A0017000000	Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
F41A0017020000	Key-operated safeties
F41A0017040000	Safeties of the combination-lock type (F41A0017020000 takes precedence);;
F41A0017060000	Electric or electromechanical safeties (F41A0017040000, F41A0017080000 take precedence);;
F41A0017080000	for inhibiting firing in a specified direction, e.g. at a friendly person or at a protected area (F41A0027020000 takes precedence);;
F41A0017100000	Firing mechanisms with elevation stop
F41A0017120000	Firing mechanisms with anti-canting safety
F41A0017140000	Double-loading prevention
F41A0017160000	Cook-off prevention, i.e. prevention of spontaneous firing of a cartridge by chamber wall heat
F41A0017180000	Hang-fire prevention
F41A0017200000	Grip or stock safeties, i.e. safeties disengaged by clasping the grip or stock (thumb-operated sliding safeties F41A0017520000, F41A0017620000, F41A0017700000, F41A0017800000)
F41A0017220000	acting on the trigger
F41A0017240000	acting on the firing pin
F41A0017260000	acting on the hammer
F41A0017280000	acting on the sear
F41A0017300000	Multiple safeties, i.e. safeties acting on at least one element of the firing mechanism and at least one other element of the gun, e.g. the moving barrel
F41A0017320000	the other element being the breech-block or bolt
F41A0017340000	Magazine safeties
F41A0017360000	locking the gun in a safety condition when the magazine is empty or removed
F41A0017380000	locking the magazine in the gun
F41A0017400000	Last-round safeties (F41A0017340000 takes precedence);;
F41A0017420000	Safeties for locking the breech-block or bolt in a safety position (F41A0017320000, F41A0017360000, F41A0017400000 take precedence);;
F41A0017440000	Safety plugs, e.g. for plugging-up cartridge chambers
F41A0017460000	Trigger safeties, i.e. means for preventing trigger movement (F41A0017020000-F41A0017400000;  take precedence);;
F41A0017480000	Automatically operated trigger safeties, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
F41A0017500000	by breakdown action
F41A0017520000	Thumb-operated sliding safeties mounted on the upside of the stock, e.g. for shotguns
F41A0017540000	Protecting-caps for trigger guards; Trigger locking pieces mounted on, or within, the trigger guard
F41A0017560000	Sear safeties, i.e. means for rendering ineffective an intermediate lever transmitting trigger movement to firing pin, hammer, bolt or sear (F41A0017020000-F41A0017400000;  take precedence);;
F41A0017580000	automatically operated, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
F41A0017600000	by breakdown action
F41A0017620000	Thumb-operated sliding safeties mounted on the upside of the stock, e.g. for shotguns
F41A0017640000	Firing-pin safeties, i.e. means for preventing movement of slidably-mounted strikers (F41A0017020000-F41A0017400000;  take precedence);;
F41A0017660000	automatically operated, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
F41A0017680000	by breakdown action
F41A0017700000	Thumb-operated sliding safeties mounted on the upside of the stock, e.g. for shotguns
F41A0017720000	trigger-operated, i.e. the movement of the trigger bringing a firing-pin safety into inoperative position during the firing
F41A0017740000	Hammer safeties, i.e. for preventing the hammer from hitting the cartridge or the firing pin (F41A0017020000-F41A0017400000;  take precedence);;
F41A0017760000	automatically operated, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
F41A0017780000	by breakdown action
F41A0017800000	Thumb-operated sliding safeties mounted on the upside of the stock, e.g. for shotguns
F41A0017820000	trigger-operated, i.e. the movement of the trigger bringing a hammer safety into inoperative position during firing
F41A0019000000	Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
F41A0019010000	Counting means indicating the number of shots fired
F41A0019020000	Burst limiters (F41A0019670000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019030000	Shot-velocity control (F41A0003780000, F41A0005280000, F41A0019050000, F41A0019660000 take precedence);;
F41A0019040000	by regulating the time of release of the firing pin or hammer
F41A0019050000	Synchronising for firing through the propeller of an aircraft
F41A0019060000	Mechanical firing mechanisms (F41A0019010000-F41A0019050000, F41A0019590000 take precedence);;
F41A0019070000	press-button actuated, e.g. with thumb rest
F41A0019080000	remote actuated; lanyard actuated
F41A0019090000	Auxiliary trigger devices (F41A0019080000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019100000	Triggers; Trigger mountings
F41A0019110000	Trigger guards; Trigger-guard mountings (F41A0019150000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019120000	Sears; Sear mountings
F41A0019130000	Percussion or firing pins, i.e. fixed or slidably- mounted striker elements; Mountings therefor
F41A0019140000	Hammers, i.e. pivotably-mounted striker elements; Hammer mountings
F41A0019150000	Modular firing mechanism units
F41A0019160000	Adjustable firing mechanisms; Trigger mechanisms with adjustable trigger pull (F41A0019170000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019170000	Hair-trigger mechanisms
F41A0019180000	for multibarrel guns (F41A0019680000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019190000	with single-trigger firing possibility
F41A0019200000	Double-trigger arrangements having the possibility of single-trigger actuation
F41A0019210000	having only one trigger
F41A0019220000	and only one striker element
F41A0019230000	rotatable about an axis parallel to the barrel axis for firing subsequent barrels
F41A0019240000	Release-trigger mechanisms, i.e. the striker element being released during the return movement of the trigger subsequent to trigger pull
F41A0019250000	having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
F41A0019260000	the percussion or firing pin and the breech-block or bolt forming one piece
F41A0019270000	the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
F41A0019280000	propelled by a cam or lever when the breech-block or bolt arrives at a closing position
F41A0019290000	propelled by a spring under tension
F41A0019300000	in bolt-action guns
F41A0019310000	Sear arrangements therefor (F41A0019330000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019320000	for catching the percussion or firing pin after each shot, i.e. in single-shot or semi-automatic firing mode
F41A0019330000	Arrangements for the selection of automatic or semi-automatic fire
F41A0019340000	Cocking mechanisms
F41A0019350000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019360000	in block-action guns
F41A0019370000	Cocking mechanisms
F41A0019380000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019390000	Cocking mechanisms for other types of guns, e.g. fixed breech-block types, forwardly-slidable barrel types
F41A0019400000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019410000	for breakdown guns
F41A0019420000	having at least one hammer
F41A0019430000	in bolt-action guns
F41A0019440000	Sear arrangements therefor (F41A0019460000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019450000	for catching the hammer after each shot, i.e. in single-shot or semi- automatic firing mode
F41A0019460000	Arrangements for the selection of automatic or semi-automatic fire
F41A0019470000	Cocking mechanisms
F41A0019480000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019490000	in block-action guns
F41A0019500000	Cocking mechanisms
F41A0019510000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019520000	Cocking mechanisms for other types of guns, e.g. fixed breech-block types, revolvers
F41A0019530000	Double-action mechanisms, i.e. the cocking being effected during the first part of the trigger pull movement
F41A0019540000	for breakdown guns
F41A0019550000	Fluid-operated firing mechanisms
F41A0019560000	Ignition of the propellant charge by contact with air heated by adiabatic compression
F41A0019570000	Firing mechanisms operating with primer cartridge
F41A0019580000	Electric firing mechanisms (F41A0017100000, F41A0017120000 take precedence);;
F41A0019590000	Electromechanical firing mechanisms, i.e. the mechanical striker element being propelled or released by electric means
F41A0019600000	characterised by the means for generating electric energy
F41A0019610000	Inductive generators
F41A0019620000	Piezo-electric generators
F41A0019630000	having means for contactless transmission of electric energy, e.g. by induction, by sparking gap
F41A0019640000	for automatic or burst-firing mode
F41A0019650000	for giving ripple fire, i.e. using electric sequencer switches for timed multiple-charge launching, e.g. for rocket launchers
F41A0019660000	Electronic shot-velocity control (F41A0019650000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019670000	Burst limiters
F41A0019680000	for multibarrel guns (F41A0019650000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019690000	Electric contacts or switches peculiar thereto (F41A0019650000 takes precedence);;
F41A0019700000	Electric firing pins; Mountings therefor
F41A0021000000	Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means (F41A0025000000 takes precedence;barrel attachments for firing grenades or riot-control ammunition from smallarms F41C0027060000; sighting devices F41G0001000000)
F41A0021020000	Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
F41A0021040000	Barrel liners
F41A0021060000	Plural barrels
F41A0021080000	Barrel junctions
F41A0021100000	Insert barrels, i.e. barrels for firing reduced calibre ammunition and being mounted within the normal barrels
F41A0021120000	Cartridge chambers; Chamber liners (F41A0003740000, F41A0009460000, F41A0021040000 take precedence);;
F41A0021140000	Arrangement of cartridge chambers lateral to the barrel axis
F41A0021160000	Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
F41A0021180000	Grooves; Rifling
F41A0021200000	Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the material (F41A0021020000 takes precedence);;
F41A0021220000	Barrels which have undergone surface treatment, e.g. phosphating
F41A0021240000	Barrels or gun tubes with fins or ribs, e.g. for cooling
F41A0021260000	specially adapted for recoil reinforcement, e.g. for training purposes
F41A0021280000	Gas-expansion chambers; Barrels provided with gas-relieving ports (F41A0001060000, F41A0013080000 take precedence);;
F41A0021300000	Silencers
F41A0021320000	Muzzle attachments or glands (F41A0021260000, F41A0021300000, F41A0021460000 take precedence);;
F41A0021340000	Flash dampers
F41A0021360000	for recoil reduction (recoil reduction arrangements in general F41A0025000000)
F41A0021380000	adjustable
F41A0021400000	Chokes for shotguns
F41A0021420000	adjustable
F41A0021440000	Insulation jackets; Protective jackets
F41A0021460000	Barrels having means for separating sabots from projectiles
F41A0021480000	Barrel mounting means, e.g. releasable mountings for replaceable barrels
F41A0023000000	Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles (F41A0025000000, F41A0027000000 take precedence);;
F41A0023020000	Mountings without wheels
F41A0023040000	Unipods
F41A0023060000	adjustable
F41A0023080000	Bipods
F41A0023100000	adjustable
F41A0023120000	Tripods
F41A0023140000	adjustable
F41A0023160000	Testing mounts
F41A0023180000	Rests for supporting smallarms in non-shooting position (racks for storage A47B0081000000; racks in vehicles B60R0011000000)
F41A0023200000	for disappearing guns
F41A0023220000	on board of submarines
F41A0023240000	Turret gun mountings (feeding, loading or guiding ammunition F41A0009000000; mechanical elevating or traversing systems for turret guns F41A0027180000)
F41A0023260000	Mountings for transport only; Loading or unloading arrangements for guns for use with carrier vehicles (F41A0023500000 takes precedence);;
F41A0023280000	Wheeled-gun mountings; Endless-track gun mountings
F41A0023300000	the wheels being liftable from the ground for firing
F41A0023320000	with split trails (F41A0023300000, F41A0023460000 take precedence);;
F41A0023340000	on wheeled or endless-track vehicles
F41A0023360000	on trailers (F41A0023420000 takes precedence);;
F41A0023380000	on motorcycles
F41A0023400000	on rail vehicles
F41A0023420000	for rocket throwers
F41A0023440000	on sledges
F41A0023460000	Trail spades
F41A0023480000	elastic
F41A0023500000	Travelling locks; Brakes for holding the gun platform in a fixed position during transport
F41A0023520000	Base plates for gun mountings
F41A0023540000	for mortars
F41A0023560000	Arrangements for adjusting the gun platform in the vertical or horizontal position (F41A0017100000, F41A0017120000 take precedence);;
F41A0023580000	Hydraulic jacks
F41A0023600000	Screw-operated jacks
F41A0025000000	Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes (recoilless guns F41A0001080000)
F41A0025020000	Fluid-operated systems
F41A0025040000	adjustable
F41A0025060000	Friction-operated systems
F41A0025080000	adjustable
F41A0025100000	Spring-operated systems
F41A0025120000	using coil springs
F41A0025140000	adjustable
F41A0025160000	Hybrid systems
F41A0025180000	Hydroelastic systems
F41A0025200000	Hydropneumatic systems
F41A0025220000	Bearing arrangements for the reciprocating gun-mount or barrel movement
F41A0025240000	using ball or roller bearings
F41A0025260000	Assembling or dismounting recoil elements or systems
F41A0027000000	Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
F41A0027020000	Control systems for preventing interference between the moving gun and the adjacent structure
F41A0027040000	Scatter-fire arrangements, i.e. means for oscillating guns automatically during firing
F41A0027060000	Mechanical systems (F41A0027020000, F41A0027040000, F41A0027300000 take precedence);;
F41A0027080000	Bearings, e.g. trunnions; Brakes or blocking arrangements
F41A0027100000	Bearings for supporting a pivoting gun in a wall, e.g. a turret wall
F41A0027120000	Brakes or locks for blocking traversing or elevating gear in a fixed position
F41A0027140000	Central-pivot bearings
F41A0027160000	using raceway bearings, e.g. for supporting the turret
F41A0027180000	for gun turrets (F41A0027080000 takes precedence);;
F41A0027200000	Drives for turret movements
F41A0027220000	Traversing gear (F41A0027180000 takes precedence);;
F41A0027240000	Elevating gear (F41A0027180000 takes precedence);;
F41A0027260000	Fluid-operated systems (F41A0027020000, F41A0027040000, F41A0027300000 take precedence);;
F41A0027280000	Electrically-operated systems (F41A0027020000, F41A0027040000, F41A0027300000 take precedence);;
F41A0027300000	Stabilisation or compensation systems, e.g. compensating for barrel weight or wind force
F41A0029000000	Cleaning or lubricating arrangements (injecting fluids into barrels or cartridge chambers F41A0013040000)
F41A0029020000	Scrapers or cleaning rods
F41A0029040000	Lubricating, oiling or greasing means, e.g. operating during use
F41A0031000000	Testing arrangements (testing mounts F41A0023160000)
F41A0031020000	for checking gun barrels
F41A0033000000	Adaptations for training (adaptations of barrels for recoil reinforcement F41A0021260000); Gun simulators (teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying F41G0003260000)
F41A0033020000	Light- or radiation-emitting guns
F41A0033040000	Acoustical simulation of gun fire, e.g. by pyrotechnic means
F41A0033060000	Recoil simulators
F41A0035000000	Accessories or details not otherwise provided for
F41A0035020000	Dust- or weather-protection caps or covers (protecting-caps for trigger guards F41A0017540000)
F41A0035040000	Muzzle covers
F41A0035060000	Adaptation of guns to both right and left hand use
F41A0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F41B	WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (projectiles for fishing, e.g. fish-spears, A01K0081000000; sports implements for throwing A63B0065000000, e.g. boomerangs A63B0065080000; stationary apparatus for projecting sports balls, e.g. tennis balls, A63B0069400000; throwing or slinging toys A63H0033180000, knives, axes B26B; projectiles or missiles other than those incorporating springs as projecting means F42B0006000000)
F41B0001000000	Blow guns, i.e. tubes for impelling projectiles, e.g. peas or darts, by the force of the breath (pop guns A63H)
F41B0003000000	Sling weapons (throwing-apparatus for clay-pigeon or clay-disc targets F41J0009180000)
F41B0003020000	Catapults, e.g. slingshots
F41B0003030000	Catapults having a pivotable launcher arm
F41B0003040000	Centrifugal sling apparatus
F41B0004000000	Friction-wheel operated launchers
F41B0005000000	Bows; Crossbows
F41B0005060000	Quivers
F41B0005100000	Compound bows
F41B0005120000	Crossbows
F41B0005140000	Details of bows; Accessories for arc shooting (sighting devices for bows F41G0001467000)
F41B0005160000	Archer's finger tabs (sporting arm or hand protectors in general A41D0013080000)
F41B0005180000	Bow-string drawing or releasing devices (F41B0005160000 takes precedence);;
F41B0005200000	Bow stabilisers or vibration dampers
F41B0005220000	Arrow rests or guides
F41B0006000000	Electromagnetic launchers
F41B0007000000	Spring guns (catapults F41B0003020000)
F41B0007020000	the spring forming part of the missile or projectile
F41B0007040000	adapted to discharge harpoons
F41B0007080000	Toy guns
F41B0009000000	Liquid ejecting guns, e.g. water pistols
F41B0011000000	Air guns, e.g. air pistols; Steam guns
F41B0011020000	Adaptations for feeding or loading missiles from magazines
F41B0011040000	for ejecting a powder, e.g. pepper
F41B0011060000	with pressure supplied by gas cartridge (F41B0011080000 takes precedence;valves therefor F41B0011320000)
F41B0011080000	adapted to discharge harpoons
F41B0011120000	having an air piston effecting a compressor stroke during the firing of each shot
F41B0011140000	spring-operated
F41B0011160000	having an additional slidable mass moving in the opposite direction of the piston, e.g. for recoil reduction
F41B0011180000	Arrangements for putting the spring under tension
F41B0011200000	by a rocking lever
F41B0011220000	in breakdown air guns
F41B0011240000	having a deformable bellows or bulb pressed during the firing
F41B0011260000	having precompressed air before the firing (F41B0011060000, F41B0011080000, F41B0011320000 take precedence);;
F41B0011280000	Pumping or compressor arrangements therefor
F41B0011300000	operated by a rocking-lever system, e.g. in breakdown air guns
F41B0011320000	Arrangement of valves in, or valves specially adapted for, air guns
F41B0011340000	Sealing arrangements; Pistons
F41B0013000000	Thrusting-weapons (bayonets F41C0027180000); Cutting-weapons carried as side-arms (training appliances for fencing A63B0069020000; sheaths for hand cutting tools B26B0029000000)
F41B0013020000	Sabres; Cutlasses; Swords; Epees
F41B0013040000	Sheaths or scabbards therefor
F41B0013060000	for concealment, e.g. swordsticks
F41B0013080000	Daggers; Stilettoes
F41B0013100000	Lances; Pikes (spears for sporting purposes A63B0065020000)
F41B0015000000	Weapons not otherwise provided for
F41B0015020000	Batons; Truncheons; Sticks; Shillelaghs
F41B0015040000	with electric stunning-means
F41B0015060000	with inserted knives or spikes
F41B0015080000	Knuckledusters
F41B0015100000	Bolas
F41C	SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
F41C0003000000	Pistols, e.g. revolvers (specially adapted for underwater use F41C0009060000; for slaughtering or stunning animals A22B; for shooting bolts into concrete constructions, metal walls or the like B25C)
F41C0003020000	Signal pistols, e.g. Very pistols
F41C0003040000	Starting pistols; Alarm pistols
F41C0003060000	Cap-firing pistols, e.g. toy pistols
F41C0003080000	with band supply
F41C0003100000	with rotatable cap carrier, e.g. drum
F41C0003120000	with slidable cap carrier, e.g. clip (F41C0003080000 takes precedence);;
F41C0003140000	Revolvers (F41C0003100000 takes precedence;sealing aspects F41A0003760000; using a revolving drum magazine for feeding revolver-type guns, other than revolvers, F41A0009270000; extractors or ejectors therefor F41A0015020000)
F41C0003160000	Hinge-frame revolvers
F41C0007000000	Shoulder-fired smallarms, e.g. rifles, carbines, shotguns (specially adapted for underwater use F41C0009060000)
F41C0007020000	Pump-action guns, i.e. guns having a reciprocating handgrip beneath the barrel for loading or cocking
F41C0007040000	with reciprocating handgrip under the buttstock for loading or cocking
F41C0007060000	Lever-action guns, i.e. guns having a rocking lever for loading or cocking
F41C0007110000	Breakdown shotguns or rifles (hinge-frame revolvers F41C0003160000; breech mechanisms therefor F41A0003580000; cocking mechanisms therefor F41A0019410000)
F41C0009000000	Other smallarms, e.g. hidden smallarms or smallarms specially adapted for underwater use
F41C0009020000	Concealed pistols, e.g. in pencils
F41C0009040000	Walking-stick guns
F41C0009060000	Smallarms specially adapted for underwater use
F41C0009080000	Muzzle-loading smallarms; Smallarms with flintlock mechanisms; Accessories therefor
F41C0023000000	Details
F41C0023000000	Butts; Butt plates; Stocks
F41C0023020000	Attachment of slings
F41C0023040000	Folding or telescopic stocks or stock parts (articulated or collapsible guns F41A0011040000)
F41C0023060000	Stocks specially adapted for recoil reduction
F41C0023080000	Recoil absorbing pads
F41C0023100000	Stocks or grips for pistols, e.g. revolvers (F41C0023120000 takes precedence);;
F41C0023120000	Auxiliary stocks for stabilising, or for transforming pistols, e.g. revolvers, into shoulder-fired guns
F41C0023140000	Adjustable stock or stock parts, i.e. adaptable to personal requirements, e.g. length, pitch, cast or drop
F41C0023160000	Forestocks; Handgrips; Hand guards (pump-action guns F41C0007020000)
F41C0023180000	characterised by the material used (F41C0023080000 takes precedence);;
F41C0023200000	Butts; Butt plates; Mountings therefor (F41C0023080000, F41C0023100000 take precedence);;
F41C0023220000	Stocks having space for the storage of objects
F41C0027000000	Accessories; Details or attachments not otherwise provided for
F41C0027040000	Arrangements for mounting spades or shields (spades per seA01B0001020000; shields per seF41H0005060000)
F41C0027060000	Adaptations of smallarms for firing grenades, e.g. rifle grenades, or for firing riot-control ammunition; Barrel attachments therefor (signal pistols F41C0003020000)
F41C0027160000	Smallarms combined with thrusting or cutting weapons (thrusting or cutting weapons, other than bayonets F41B0013000000); Bayonets; Bayonet mounts
F41C0027180000	Bayonets; Bayonet mounts
F41C0027200000	Attachments for wire cutting
F41C0027220000	Balancing or stabilising arrangements
F41C0033000000	Means for wearing or carrying smallarms
F41C0033020000	Holsters, i.e. cases for pistols having means for being carried or worn, e.g. at the belt or under the arm
F41C0033040000	Special attachments therefor
F41C0033060000	Containers for carrying smallarms, e.g. safety boxes, gun cases (F41C0033020000 takes precedence);;
F41C0033080000	Handles for carrying smallarms
F41F	APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS (smallarms F41C); LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B)
F41F0001000000	Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons (F41F0003000000 takes precedence);;Harpoon guns
F41F0001060000	Mortars (base plates therefor F41A0023540000)
F41F0001080000	Multibarrel guns, e.g. twin guns
F41F0001100000	Revolving-cannon guns, i.e. multibarrel guns with the barrels and their respective breeches mounted on a rotor; Breech mechanisms therefor
F41F0003000000	Rocket or torpedo launchers
F41F0003040000	for rockets
F41F0003042000	the launching apparatus being used also as transport container for the rocket
F41F0003045000	adapted to be carried and used by a person, e.g. bazookas (F41F0003042000 takes precedence);;
F41F0003048000	Means for imparting spin to the rocket before launching
F41F0003052000	Means for securing the rocket in the launching apparatus
F41F0003055000	Umbilical connecting means
F41F0003058000	Means for removing duds or misfires
F41F0003060000	from aircraft
F41F0003065000	Rocket pods, i.e. detachable containers for launching a plurality of rockets
F41F0003070000	Underwater launching-apparatus
F41F0003073000	Silos for rockets, e.g. mounting or sealing rockets therein (F41F0003077000 takes precedence);;
F41F0003077000	Doors or covers for launching tubes
F41F0003080000	for marine torpedoes
F41F0003100000	from below the surface of the water
F41F0005000000	Launching-apparatus for gravity-propelled missiles or projectiles (from aircraft B64D0001040000)
F41F0005040000	from ships, e.g. for mines, for depth charges
F41F0007000000	Launching-apparatus for projecting missiles or projectiles otherwise than from barrels (F41F0003040000 takes precedence);;
F41G	WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING (optical aspects thereof G02B)
F41G0001000000	Sighting devices (for indirect laying of fire F41G0003160000; bombsights F41G0003240000)
F41G0001010000	characterised by the visual combination effect of the respective geometrical forms of fore and rear sight (F41G0001420000 takes precedence);;
F41G0001020000	Foresights
F41G0001027000	with lens
F41G0001033000	adjustable
F41G0001040000	Protection means therefor
F41G0001060000	Rearsights
F41G0001080000	with aperture
F41G0001100000	with notch
F41G0001120000	with line or mark other than notch
F41G0001140000	with lens
F41G0001160000	Adjusting mechanisms therefor; Mountings therefor
F41G0001170000	Convertible sights, i.e. sets of two or more sights brought into the sight line optionally
F41G0001180000	Clicking indicators with spring detents
F41G0001200000	coarse and fine
F41G0001220000	Friction clamps
F41G0001240000	rack-and-pinion; lever; linkwork
F41G0001260000	screw
F41G0001280000	wedge; cam; eccentric
F41G0001300000	Reflecting sights specially adapted for smallarms or ordnance (reflecting-sights in general G02B)
F41G0001320000	Night sights, e.g. luminescent
F41G0001340000	combined with light source, e.g. spot light
F41G0001350000	for illuminating the target
F41G0001360000	with infra-red light source
F41G0001380000	Telescopic sights specially adapted for smallarms or ordnance (telescopic sights in general G02B); Supports or mountings therefor
F41G0001387000	Mounting telescopic sights on smallarms
F41G0001393000	Mounting telescopic sights on ordnance; Transmission of sight movements to the associated gun
F41G0001400000	Periscopic sights specially adapted for smallarms or ordnance (periscopic sights in general G02B); Supports or mountings therefor
F41G0001410000	Mounting periscopic sights on smallarms
F41G0001420000	Tube sights; Bar sights
F41G0001440000	Spirit-level adjusting-means, e.g. for correcting tilt
F41G0001460000	for particular applications
F41G0001467000	for bows
F41G0001473000	for lead-indicating or range-finding, e.g. for use with rifles or shotguns
F41G0001480000	for firing grenades from rifles
F41G0001500000	for trench mortars
F41G0001520000	for rifles or shotguns having two or more barrels, or adapted to fire different kinds of ammunition, e.g. ball or shot
F41G0001540000	Devices for testing or checking
F41G0003000000	Aiming means; Laying means (sighting devices F41G0001000000; determining direction, distance or velocity by use of radio or other waves G01S; computers G06; aerials H01Q)
F41G0003020000	using an independent line of sight
F41G0003040000	for dispersing fire from a battery
F41G0003060000	with rangefinder (rangefinders per seG01C)
F41G0003080000	with means for compensating for speed, direction, temperature, pressure, or humidity of the atmosphere (measuring G01)
F41G0003100000	with means for compensating for canting of the trunnions
F41G0003120000	with means for compensating for muzzle velocity or powder temperature
F41G0003140000	Indirect aiming means
F41G0003160000	Sighting devices adapted for indirect laying of fire
F41G0003180000	Auxiliary target devices adapted for indirect laying of fire
F41G0003200000	specially adapted for mountain artillery
F41G0003220000	for vehicle-borne armament, e.g. on aircraft
F41G0003240000	Bombsights
F41G0003260000	Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
F41G0003280000	Small-scale apparatus (relief models or maps G09B)
F41G0003300000	Gun-laying apparatus
F41G0003320000	Devices for testing or checking
F41G0005000000	Elevating or traversing control systems for guns (gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages, F41A0027000000; computers G06)
F41G0005020000	using only mechanical means for remote control
F41G0005040000	using hydraulic means for remote control
F41G0005060000	using electric means for remote control
F41G0005080000	Ground-based tracking-systems for aerial targets
F41G0005120000	acoustically influenced
F41G0005140000	for vehicle-borne guns
F41G0005160000	gyroscopically influenced
F41G0005180000	Tracking systems for guns on aircraft
F41G0005200000	for guns on ships
F41G0005220000	to compensate for rolling or pitching
F41G0005240000	for guns on tanks
F41G0005260000	Apparatus for testing or checking
F41G0007000000	Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles (flight control B64C, G05D0001000000; self-propelled or guided missiles having direction control systems only installed aboard F42B0015010000; rocket torpedoes F42B0017000000; marine torpedoes or sea-mines having self-propulsion means F42B0019000000; locating by use of radio or other waves G01S; computing aspects G06)
F41G0007200000	based on continuous observation of target position
F41G0007220000	Homing guidance systems
F41G0007240000	Beam riding guidance systems (conical-scan beam beacons therefor G01S0001420000)
F41G0007260000	Optical guidance systems
F41G0007280000	Radio guidance systems
F41G0007300000	Command link guidance systems
F41G0007320000	for wire-guided missiles
F41G0007340000	based on predetermined target position data
F41G0007360000	using inertial references
F41G0009000000	Systems for controlling missiles or projectiles, not provided for elsewhere
F41G0009020000	for bombing control (bombsights F41G0003240000)
F41G0011000000	Details of sighting or aiming apparatus; Accessories
F41H	ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
F41H0001000000	Personal protection-gear (shields for personal use F41H0005080000; for protection against chemical warfare A62B)
F41H0001020000	Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
F41H0001040000	Protection helmets (crash helmets A42B0003000000)
F41H0001060000	of steel; Steel head-shields
F41H0001080000	of plastics; Plastic head-shields
F41H0003000000	Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise (for vessels B63G0008340000, B63G0013020000)
F41H0003020000	Covers, e.g. screens, nets (making thereof, see the relevant classes, e.g. D04)
F41H0005000000	Armour; Armour plates (processes for manufacturing or treating B21, C21)
F41H0005007000	Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
F41H0005013000	Mounting or securing armour plates
F41H0005020000	Plate construction
F41H0005040000	composed of more than one layer
F41H0005060000	Shields (in ships B63G0009000000; in aircraft B64D0007000000)
F41H0005080000	for personal use
F41H0005100000	Spade bayonets, i.e. usable as a spade, bayonet, or cover against rifle fire
F41H0005120000	for smallarms; for light-rocket launchers
F41H0005140000	Wheeled armoured shields
F41H0005160000	for ordnance
F41H0005180000	Rotating shields
F41H0005200000	Turrets
F41H0005220000	Manhole covers, e.g. on tanks (in general F16J)
F41H0005240000	for stationary use, e.g. fortifications
F41H0005260000	Peepholes; Windows (manufacture or composition of glass C03); Covers therefor
F41H0007000000	Armoured or armed vehicles (general vehicle aspects B60; armoured or armed ships B63G; armoured or armed aircraft B64D; mounting guns, e.g. machine-guns, on vehicles F41A0023000000)
F41H0007020000	Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks (endless-track vehicles, steering thereof B62D)
F41H0007030000	Air-pressurised compartments for crew; Means for preventing admission of noxious substances, e.g. combustion gas from gun barrels, in crew compartments; Sealing arrangements
F41H0007040000	Armour construction (in general F41H0005000000)
F41H0007100000	Mine-laying land vehicles
F41H0009000000	Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas, or smoke; Chemical warfare equipment (protection against chemicals A62B)
F41H0009020000	Flame-throwing apparatus (for destroying vegetation A01M0015000000)
F41H0009040000	Gas blowing apparatus, e.g. for tear gas (F41H0009100000 takes precedence);;
F41H0009060000	Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens (smoke-pot projectors, e.g. arranged on vehicles, F42B0005155000)
F41H0009080000	Smoke-pots without propulsive charge, i.e. stationary
F41H0009100000	Hand-held or body-worn self-defence devices using repellant gases or chemicals
F41H0011000000	Defence installations; Defence devices (constructional aspects, see section E, e.g. E04H0009040000)
F41H0011020000	Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile defence installations or systems (cartridges or missiles for producing smoke or for dispensing radar chaff or infra-red material F42B0005150000, F42B0012480000, F42B0012700000)
F41H0011040000	Aerial barrages
F41H0011050000	Net barriers for harbour defence
F41H0011060000	Gun-traps
F41H0011080000	Barbed-wire obstacles; Barricades; Stanchions; Tank traps; Vehicle-impeding devices; Caltrops
F41H0011100000	Dispensing-apparatus therefor, e.g. devices for dispensing and reeling barbed wire
F41H0011110000	Clearing or neutralising barbed-wire obstacles (smallarm attachments for wire cutting F41C0027200000)
F41H0011120000	Means for clearing land minefields (sweeping mines B63G)
F41H0011140000	with electric explosive cable, e.g. mine-clearing snakes
F41H0011160000	Self-propelled mine-clearing vehicles
F41H0013000000	Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
F41J	TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
F41J0001000000	Targets, e.g. stationary (F41J0002000000, F41J0007000000, F41J0009000000 take precedence;for arrows or darts F41J0003000000)
F41J0001010000	Target discs characterised by their material, structure or surface (F41J0005044000 takes precedence);;
F41J0001080000	for ordnance, e.g. cannons; for attacking by aircraft; Full-scale models imitating target objects, e.g. tanks, aircraft
F41J0001100000	Target stands; Target holders
F41J0001120000	Bullet catchers; Bullet traps
F41J0001140000	combined with targets
F41J0001180000	Target ranges
F41J0001200000	Safety means therefor
F41J0002000000	Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic waves
F41J0002020000	Active targets transmitting infra-red radiation
F41J0003000000	Targets for arrows or darts, e.g. for sporting or amusement purposes
F41J0003020000	Indicators or score boards for arrow or dart games
F41J0005000000	Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
F41J0005020000	Photo-electric hit-detector systems
F41J0005040000	Electric hit-indicating systems; Detecting hits by actuation of electric contacts or switches
F41J0005044000	Targets having two or more electrically- conductive layers for short-circuiting by penetrating projectiles
F41J0005048000	one of the layers being in the form of discrete target sections
F41J0005052000	Targets comprising a plurality of electric contacts, each corresponding to a discrete target section and being actuated by the movement thereof (F41J0005056000 takes precedence);;
F41J0005056000	Switch actuation by hit-generated mechanical vibration of the target body, e.g. using shock or vibration transducers
F41J0005060000	Acoustic hit-indicating systems, i.e. detecting of shock waves (F41J0005056000 takes precedence);;
F41J0005080000	Infra-red hit-indicating systems
F41J0005100000	Cinematographic hit-indicating systems (cinematographic targets F41J0009140000)
F41J0005120000	for indicating the distance by which a bullet misses the target (F41J0005020000-F41J0005100000;  take precedence);;
F41J0005140000	Apparatus for signalling hits or scores to the shooter, e.g. manually operated, or for communication between target and shooter; Apparatus for recording hits or scores
F41J0005160000	Manually evaluating scores, e.g. using scoring plugs or gauges; Apparatus for evaluating scores on targets after removal from the target holder
F41J0005180000	Targets having hit-indicating means actuated or moved mechanically when the target has been hit, e.g. discs or flags (the target as a whole disappearing or moving when hit F41J0007040000)
F41J0005200000	indicating which part of the target has been hit, i.e. the score
F41J0005220000	the indicating means being a dispensing device
F41J0005240000	Targets producing a particular effect when hit, e.g. detonation of pyrotechnic charge, bell ring, photograph
F41J0005260000	exploding or disintegrating when hit (F41J0009160000 takes precedence);;
F41J0007000000	Movable targets which are stationary when fired at
F41J0007020000	movable for checking
F41J0007040000	disappearing when hit
F41J0007060000	Bobbing targets, i.e. targets intermittently or unexpectedly appearing
F41J0009000000	Moving targets, i.e. moving when fired at (F41J0002000000 takes precedence);;
F41J0009020000	Land-based targets
F41J0009040000	Sea-going targets
F41J0009060000	towed
F41J0009080000	Airborne targets, e.g. drones, kites, balloons
F41J0009100000	towed
F41J0009140000	Cinematographic targets, e.g. moving-picture targets
F41J0009160000	Clay-pigeon targets; Clay-disc targets
F41J0009180000	Traps or throwing-apparatus therefor
F41J0009200000	with spring-operated throwing arm
F41J0009220000	cocked by manual action
F41J0009240000	cocked by electromechanical means
F41J0009260000	operated by fluid means
F41J0009280000	operated by manual action
F41J0009300000	characterised by using a magazine of targets
F41J0009320000	characterised by means for obviating the anticipation of the flight path
F42	AMMUNITION; BLASTING
F42B	EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING; FIREWORKS; AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D)
F42B0001000000	Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
F42B0001020000	Shaped or hollow charges (blasting cartridges with cavities in the charge F42B0003080000; oil-winning using shaped-charge perforators E21B0043116000)
F42B0001024000	provided with embedded bodies of inert material
F42B0001028000	characterised by the form of the liner
F42B0001032000	characterised by the material of the liner
F42B0001036000	Manufacturing processes therefor
F42B0001040000	Detonator charges not forming part of the fuze
F42B0003000000	Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive (fuse cords, e.g. detonating fuse cords, C06C0005000000; chemical aspects of detonators, blasting caps or primers C06C0007000000)
F42B0003020000	adapted to be united into assemblies
F42B0003040000	for producing gas under pressure
F42B0003060000	with re-utilisable case
F42B0003080000	with cavities in the charge, e.g. hollow-charge blasting cartridges
F42B0003087000	Flexible or deformable blasting cartridges, e.g. bags or hoses (loaded cartridge bags F42B0005380000)
F42B0003093000	in mat or tape form
F42B0003100000	Initiators therefor (percussion fuzes F42C0007000000; percussion caps F42C0019100000; electric primers F42C0019120000)
F42B0003103000	Mounting initiator heads in initiators; Sealing-plugs
F42B0003107000	Sealing-plugs characterised by the material used
F42B0003110000	characterised by the material used, e.g. for initiator case or electric leads (F42B0003107000 takes precedence);;
F42B0003113000	activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
F42B0003117000	activated by friction
F42B0003120000	Bridge initiators
F42B0003130000	with semiconductive bridge
F42B0003140000	Spark initiators
F42B0003160000	Delay initiators
F42B0003180000	Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents
F42B0003182000	having shunting means
F42B0003185000	having semiconductive sealing plugs
F42B0003188000	having radio-frequency filters
F42B0003192000	designed for neutralisation on contact with water
F42B0003195000	Manufacture
F42B0003198000	of electric initiator heads
F42B0003220000	Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes (using inert bodies embedded in shaped or hollow charges F42B0001024000)
F42B0003240000	Cartridge closures or seals (top closures for shotgun ammunition cartridges F42B0007120000)
F42B0003260000	Arrangements for mounting initiators; Accessories therefor, e.g. tools
F42B0003280000	Cartridge cases characterised by the material used, e.g. coatings (for initiator cases F42B0003110000)
F42B0004000000	Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination, or signal purposes (signalling by explosives G08B; advertising by firework G09F0013460000)
F42B0004020000	in cartridge form, i.e. shell, propellant, and primer
F42B0004040000	Firecrackers
F42B0004060000	Aerial display rockets (rockets in general F42B0015000000)
F42B0004080000	characterised by having vanes, wings, parachutes, or balloons
F42B0004100000	characterised by having means to separate article or charge from casing without destroying casing
F42B0004120000	Parachute or flare separation
F42B0004140000	characterised by having plural successively-ignited charges
F42B0004160000	Hand-thrown impact-exploded noise makers (cap pistols F41C0003060000)
F42B0004180000	Simulations, e.g. pine cone, house that is destroyed, warship, volcano
F42B0004200000	characterised by having holder or support other than casing, e.g. whirler or spike support
F42B0004220000	characterised by having means to separate an article or charge from casing without destroying casing (in aerial display rockets F42B0004100000)
F42B0004240000	characterised by having plural successively-ignited charges (in aerial display rockets F42B0004140000)
F42B0004260000	Flares; Torches
F42B0004280000	Parachute flares (F42B0004120000 takes precedence);;
F42B0004300000	Manufacture
F42B0005000000	Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges (shotgun ammunition F42B0007000000; practice or training ammunition F42B0008000000; missiles therefor F42B0012000000, F42B0014000000, F42B0015000000)
F42B0005020000	Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
F42B0005030000	containing more than one missile
F42B0005045000	of telescopic type (F42B0005184000 takes precedence);;
F42B0005050000	for recoilless guns (recoilless guns using a counter-projectile to balance recoil F41A0001100000)
F42B0005067000	Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases (F42B0005180000 takes precedence);;
F42B0005073000	using an auxiliary locking element
F42B0005080000	modified for electric ignition
F42B0005100000	with self-propelled bullet
F42B0005140000	for marking cattle
F42B0005145000	for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances (from projectiles F42B0012460000, F42B0012700000)
F42B0005150000	for creating a screening or decoy effect, e.g. using radar chaff or infra-red material (infra-red flares F42B0004260000)
F42B0005155000	Smoke-pot projectors, e.g. arranged on vehicles
F42B0005160000	characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge or powder (chemical composition C06B)
F42B0005180000	Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
F42B0005184000	telescopic
F42B0005188000	Manufacturing processes therefor
F42B0005192000	Cartridge cases characterised by the material used
F42B0005196000	Coatings
F42B0005240000	for cleaning; for cooling; for lubricating
F42B0005260000	Cartridge cases (F42B0005180000 takes precedence);;
F42B0005280000	of metal
F42B0005285000	formed by assembling several elements
F42B0005290000	wound from sheets or strips
F42B0005295000	coated
F42B0005297000	with plastics
F42B0005300000	of plastics
F42B0005307000	formed by assembling several elements
F42B0005313000	all elements made of plastics
F42B0005320000	for rim fire
F42B0005340000	with provision for varying the length
F42B0005360000	modified for housing an integral firing-cap
F42B0005380000	Separately-loaded propellant charges, e.g. cartridge bags
F42B0006000000	Projectiles or missiles specially adapted for projection without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge, e.g. for blow guns, bows or crossbows, hand-held spring or air guns (for delivering hypodermic charges F42B0012540000; throwing-darts A63B0065020000; projectiles or missiles incorporating springs as the projecting means F41B0007020000)
F42B0006020000	Arrows; Crossbow bolts; Harpoons for hand-held spring or air guns
F42B0006040000	Archery arrows (F42B0006080000, F41B0005060000 take precedence);;
F42B0006060000	Tail ends, e.g. nocks, fletching
F42B0006080000	Arrow heads; Harpoon heads
F42B0006100000	Air gun pellets
F42B0007000000	Shotgun ammunition
F42B0007020000	Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
F42B0007040000	of pellet type
F42B0007060000	with cartridge case of plastics
F42B0007080000	Wads therefor
F42B0007100000	Ball or slug shotgun cartridges
F42B0007120000	Cartridge top closures, i.e. for the missile side (closures for blasting cartridges F42B0003240000)
F42B0008000000	Practice or training ammunition (range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements F42B0010000000; with signalling effect F42B0012020000)
F42B0008020000	Cartridges
F42B0008040000	Blank cartridges, i.e. primed cartridges without projectile but containing an explosive or combustible powder charge
F42B0008060000	for cap-firing pistols
F42B0008080000	Dummy cartridges, i.e. inert cartridges containing neither primer nor explosive or combustible powder charge
F42B0008100000	with sub-calibre adaptor
F42B0008120000	Projectiles or missiles (F42B0019360000 takes precedence);;
F42B0008140000	disintegrating in flight or upon impact
F42B0008160000	containing an inert filler in powder or granular form
F42B0008180000	Rifle grenades
F42B0008200000	Mortar grenades
F42B0008220000	Fall bombs
F42B0008240000	Rockets
F42B0008260000	Hand grenades
F42B0008280000	Land or marine mines; Depth charges
F42B0010000000	Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding (F42B0006000000 takes precedence;sub-calibre projectiles having sabots F42B0014000000)
F42B0010020000	Stabilising arrangements
F42B0010040000	using fixed fins (F42B0010220000 takes precedence);;
F42B0010060000	Tail fins
F42B0010080000	Flechette-type projectiles
F42B0010100000	the fins being formed in the barrel by deformation of the projectile body
F42B0010120000	using fins longitudinally-slidable with respect to the projectile or missile
F42B0010140000	using fins spread or deployed after launch, e.g. after leaving the barrel
F42B0010160000	Wrap-around fins
F42B0010180000	using a longitudinally slidable support member
F42B0010200000	deployed by combustion gas pressure, or by pneumatic or hydraulic forces
F42B0010220000	Projectiles of cannelured type
F42B0010240000	with inclined grooves
F42B0010260000	using spin (F42B0010040000, F42B0010120000, F42B0010140000, F42B0010240000, F42B0014020000 take precedence);;
F42B0010280000	induced by gas action
F42B0010300000	using rocket motor nozzles
F42B0010320000	Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
F42B0010340000	Tubular projectiles
F42B0010360000	Ring-foil projectiles
F42B0010380000	Range-increasing arrangements (F42B0010340000 takes precedence);;
F42B0010400000	with combustion of a slow-burning charge, e.g. fumers, base-bleed projectiles
F42B0010420000	Streamlined projectiles
F42B0010440000	Boat-tails specially adapted for drag reduction
F42B0010460000	Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes
F42B0010480000	Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means (F42B0010340000 takes precedence);;
F42B0010500000	Brake flaps
F42B0010520000	Nose cones
F42B0010540000	Spin braking means
F42B0010560000	of parachute type
F42B0010580000	of rotochute type
F42B0010600000	Steering arrangements (F42B0019010000 takes precedence);;
F42B0010620000	Steering by movement of flight surfaces
F42B0010640000	of fins
F42B0010660000	Steering by varying intensity or direction of thrust (thrust vector control of rocket engine plants F02K0009800000)
F42B0012000000	Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material (F42B0006000000, F42B0010000000, F42B0014000000 take precedence;for practice or training F42B0008120000, F42B0008280000; self-propulsion or guidance aspects F42B0015000000)
F42B0012020000	characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
F42B0012040000	of armour-piercing type
F42B0012060000	with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators (F42B0012160000, F42B0012740000 take precedence);;
F42B0012080000	with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola
F42B0012100000	with shaped or hollow charge (shaped or hollow charges per seF42B0001020000)
F42B0012120000	rotatably mounted with respect to missile housing
F42B0012140000	the symmetry axis of the hollow charge forming an angle with the longitudinal axis of the projectile
F42B0012160000	in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target
F42B0012180000	Hollow charges in tandem arrangement
F42B0012200000	of high-explosive type (F42B0012440000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012220000	with fragmentation-hull construction
F42B0012240000	with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings
F42B0012260000	the projectile wall being formed by a spirally-wound element
F42B0012280000	the projectile wall being built from annular elements
F42B0012300000	Continuous-rod warheads
F42B0012320000	the hull or case comprising a plurality of discrete bodies, e.g. steel balls, embedded therein
F42B0012340000	expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B0012360000	for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling
F42B0012380000	of tracer type
F42B0012400000	of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating, type (F42B0012480000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012420000	of illuminating type, e.g. carrying flares
F42B0012440000	of incendiary type (F42B0012460000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012460000	for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances (F42B0012700000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012480000	smoke-producing
F42B0012500000	by dispersion
F42B0012520000	Fuel-air explosive devices
F42B0012540000	by implantation, e.g. hypodermic projectiles
F42B0012560000	for dispensing discrete solid bodies (F42B0012700000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012580000	Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles (F42B0012320000 takes precedence);;
F42B0012600000	the submissiles being ejected radially
F42B0012620000	the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
F42B0012640000	the submissiles being of shot- or flechette-type
F42B0012660000	Chain-shot, i.e. the submissiles being interconnected by chains or the like
F42B0012680000	Line-carrying missiles, e.g. for life-saving (harpoons F42B0030140000)
F42B0012700000	for dispensing radar chaff or infra-red material (radar-reflector targets, active targets transmitting infra-red radiation F41J0002000000; radar-reflecting surfaces H01Q0015140000)
F42B0012720000	characterised by the material (heat treatment for explosive shells C21D0009160000)
F42B0012740000	of the core or solid body
F42B0012760000	of the casing
F42B0012780000	of jackets for smallarm bullets
F42B0012800000	Coatings
F42B0012820000	reduction friction
F42B0014000000	Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
F42B0014020000	Driving bands; Rotating bands (F42B0014040000 takes precedence);;
F42B0014040000	Lubrication means in missiles (coatings for reducing friction F42B0012820000)
F42B0014060000	Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
F42B0014080000	Sabots filled with propulsive charges; Removing sabots by combustion of pyrotechnic elements or by propulsive-gas pressure (arrangements on barrels for removing sabots from projectiles F41A0021460000)
F42B0015000000	Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles (F42B0010000000, F42B0012000000, F42B0014000000 take precedence;for practice or training F42B0008120000; rocket torpedoes F42B0017000000; marine torpedoes F42B0019000000; cosmonautic vehicles B64G; jet-propulsion plants F02K)
F42B0015010000	Arrangements thereon for guidance or control (aircraft flight control B64C; guidance systems other than those only installed aboard F41G0007000000, F41G0009000000; locating by use of radio or other waves G01S; flight control in general G05D0001000000; computing aspects G06)
F42B0015040000	using wire, e.g. for guiding ground-to-ground rockets
F42B0015080000	for carrying measuring instruments (adaptations for meteorology G01W0001080000)
F42B0015100000	Missiles having a trajectory only in the air
F42B0015120000	Intercontinental ballistic missiles (F42B0015010000 takes precedence);;
F42B0015200000	Missiles having a trajectory beginning below water surface (having additional propulsion means for movement through water F42B0017000000)
F42B0015220000	Missiles having a trajectory finishing below water surface (having additional propulsion means for movement through water F42B0017000000)
F42B0015340000	Protection against overheating or radiation, e.g. heat shields; Additional cooling arrangements
F42B0015360000	Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
F42B0015380000	Ring-shaped explosive elements for the separation of rocket parts
F42B0017000000	Rocket torpedoes, i.e. missiles provided with separate propulsion means for movement through air and through water (F42B0012000000 takes precedence);;
F42B0019000000	Marine torpedoes, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines (having additional propulsion means for movement through air F42B0017000000); Sea mines having self-propulsion means (F42B0012000000 takes precedence;launching means F41F; locating by use of radio or other waves G01S; automatic control of course G05D0001000000; firing directors or calculators G06G)
F42B0019010000	Steering control
F42B0019040000	Depth control
F42B0019060000	Directional control
F42B0019080000	with means for preventing rolling or pitching
F42B0019100000	remotely controlled, e.g. by sonic or radio control (control systems using wire F41G0007320000)
F42B0019120000	Propulsion specially adapted for torpedoes (marine propulsion in general B63H)
F42B0019140000	by compressed-gas motors
F42B0019160000	of cylinder type
F42B0019180000	of turbine type
F42B0019200000	characterised by the composition of propulsive gas; Manufacture or heating thereof in torpedoes
F42B0019220000	by internal-combustion engines
F42B0019240000	by electric motors
F42B0019260000	by jet propulsion
F42B0019280000	with means for avoiding visible wake
F42B0019300000	with timing control of propulsion
F42B0019360000	adapted to be used for exercise purposes, e.g. indicating position or course
F42B0019380000	with means for causing torpedoes to surface at end of run
F42B0019400000	by expelling liquid ballast
F42B0019420000	by releasing solid ballast
F42B0019440000	by enlarging displacement
F42B0019460000	adapted to be launched from aircraft
F42B0021000000	Depth charges (F42B0012000000 takes precedence;for practice or training F42B0008280000; laying aspects B63G)
F42B0022000000	Marine mines, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines (F42B0012000000 takes precedence;for practice or training F42B0008280000; mine laying or sweeping B63G)
F42B0022020000	Contact mines (contact fuzes F42C0007020000)
F42B0022040000	Influenced mines, e.g. by magnetic or acoustic effect
F42B0022060000	Ground mines
F42B0022080000	Drifting mines (with propulsion means F42B0019000000)
F42B0022100000	Moored mines
F42B0022120000	at a fixed depth setting
F42B0022140000	at a variable depth setting
F42B0022160000	using mechanical means, e.g. plummet and float
F42B0022180000	using hydrostatic means
F42B0022200000	using magnetic or acoustic depth-control means
F42B0022220000	having self-contained sinking means
F42B0022240000	Arrangement of mines in fields or barriers (net barriers for harbour defence F41H0011050000)
F42B0022420000	with anti-sweeping means, e.g. electrical
F42B0022440000	adapted to be launched from aircraft
F42B0023000000	Land mines (F42B0012000000 takes precedence;for practice or training F42B0008280000)
F42B0023040000	anti-vehicle
F42B0023080000	non-metallic
F42B0023100000	anti-personnel
F42B0023140000	non-metallic
F42B0023160000	of missile type, i.e. for detonation after ejection from ground (fuzes for initiating mine ejection F42C0001090000)
F42B0023240000	Details
F42B0025000000	Fall bombs (F42B0010000000, F42B0012000000 take precedence;for practice or training F42B0008120000)
F42B0027000000	Hand grenades (F42B0012000000 takes precedence;for practice or training F42B0008120000)
F42B0027080000	with handle
F42B0029000000	Noiseless, smokeless, or flashless missiles launched by their own explosive propellant
F42B0030000000	Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used (F42B0010000000, F42B0012000000, F42B0014000000 take precedence);;
F42B0030020000	Bullets
F42B0030040000	Rifle grenades
F42B0030060000	Bullet traps or bullet decelerators therefor
F42B0030080000	Ordnance projectiles or missiles, e.g. shells
F42B0030100000	Mortar projectiles
F42B0030120000	with provision for additional propulsive charges, or for varying the length
F42B0030140000	Harpoons (for hand-held spring or air guns F42B0006020000)
F42B0033000000	Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor (F42B0005188000 takes precedence;manufacturing processes for hollow charges F42B0001036000; manufacturing of blasting cartridge initiators F42B0003195000)
F42B0033020000	Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges
F42B0033040000	Fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes or charges
F42B0033060000	Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets, or bombs (F42B0033040000 takes precedence);;
F42B0033100000	Reconditioning used cartridge cases
F42B0033120000	Crimping shotgun cartridges
F42B0033140000	Surface treatment of cartridges or cartridge cases
F42B0035000000	Testing or checking of ammunition
F42B0035020000	Gauging, sorting, trimming or shortening cartridges or missiles
F42B0039000000	Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
F42B0039020000	Cartridge bags; Bandoleers
F42B0039080000	Cartridge belts
F42B0039100000	Machines for charging or for extracting cartridges from feed belts
F42B0039140000	Explosion or fire protection arrangements on packages or ammunition (F42B0039200000 takes precedence);;
F42B0039160000	Fire-extinguishing
F42B0039180000	Heat shields; Thermal insulation
F42B0039200000	Packages or ammunition having valves for pressure-equalising; Packages or ammunition having plugs for pressure release, e.g. meltable
F42B0039220000	Locking of ammunition in transport containers
F42B0039240000	Shock-absorbing arrangements in packages
F42B0039260000	Packages or containers for a plurality of ammunition, e.g. cartridges (F42B0039140000-F42B0039240000, F42B0039280000 take precedence);;
F42B0039280000	Ammunition racks, e.g. in vehicles
F42B0039300000	Containers for detonators or fuzes (F42B0039140000, F42B0039200000 take precedence);;
F42B0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F42C	AMMUNITION FUZES (blasting cartridge initiators F42B0003100000; chemical aspects C06C); ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR (filling fuzes F42B0033020000; fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes F42B0033040000; containers for fuzes F42B0039300000)
F42C0001000000	Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
F42C0001020000	with firing pin structurally combined with fuze
F42C0001040000	operating by inertia of members on impact
F42C0001060000	for any direction of impact
F42C0001080000	with delayed action after ignition of fuze (time fuzes F42C0009000000)
F42C0001090000	the fuze activating a propulsive charge for propelling the ammunition or the warhead into the air, e.g. in rebounding projectiles
F42C0001100000	without firing pin
F42C0001120000	with delayed action after ignition of fuze (time fuzes F42C0009000000)
F42C0001140000	operating at a predetermined distance from ground or target by means of a protruding member
F42C0003000000	Fuzes actuated by exposure to a liquid, e.g. sea-water (F42C0005000000 takes precedence;time fuzes F42C0009000000)
F42C0005000000	Fuzes actuated by exposure to a predetermined ambient fluid pressure
F42C0005020000	barometric pressure
F42C0007000000	Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure (by ammunition impact F42C0001000000; by exposure to a predetermined ambient fluid pressure F42C0005000000)
F42C0007020000	Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person (F42C0007120000 takes precedence);;
F42C0007040000	actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head
F42C0007060000	and comprising pneumatic or hydraulic retarding means
F42C0007080000	of release type, i.e. actuated by releasing pressure from the ammunition head
F42C0007100000	of antenna type
F42C0007120000	Percussion fuzes of the double-action type, i.e. fuzes cocked and fired in a single movement, e.g. by pulling an incorporated percussion pin or hammer (percussion caps F42C0019100000)
F42C0009000000	Time fuzes; Combined time- and percussion- or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
F42C0009020000	the timing being caused by mechanical means
F42C0009040000	by spring motor
F42C0009060000	by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids
F42C0009080000	the timing being caused by chemical action, e.g. of acids
F42C0009100000	the timing being caused by combustion
F42C0009120000	with ring combustion elements
F42C0009140000	Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
F42C0009160000	for self-destruction of ammunition
F42C0009180000	when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock
F42C0011000000	Electric fuzes (proximity fuzes F42C0013000000; electric igniters F42C0019120000)
F42C0011020000	with piezo-crystal
F42C0011040000	with current induction
F42C0011060000	with time delay by electric circuitry
F42C0013000000	Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
F42C0013020000	operated by intensity of light or similar radiation
F42C0013040000	operated by radio waves
F42C0013060000	operated by sound waves
F42C0013080000	operated by variations in magnetic field
F42C0014000000	Fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type (F42C0001000000, F42C0013000000, F42C0015000000 take precedence);;
F42C0014020000	for hand grenades
F42C0014040000	for torpedoes, marine mines or depth charges (influenced marine mines F42B0022040000)
F42C0014060000	for fall bombs
F42C0014080000	for land mines
F42C0015000000	Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
F42C0015160000	wherein the firing pin is displaced out of the action line for safety (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015180000	wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015184000	using a slidable carrier
F42C0015188000	using a rotatable carrier
F42C0015192000	rotatable in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
F42C0015196000	by the action of centrifugal or inertia forces on the carrier body, e.g. the carrier having eccentrically mounted weights or eccentric centre of gravity
F42C0015200000	wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing pin (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015210000	using spring action (F42C0015230000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015220000	using centrifugal force (F42C0015230000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015230000	by unwinding a flexible ribbon or tape
F42C0015240000	wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means (F42C0015196000, F42C0015200000 take precedence);;
F42C0015260000	using centrifugal force
F42C0015280000	operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids (F42C0015260000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015285000	stored within the fuze housing
F42C0015290000	operated by fluidic oscillators; operated by dynamic fluid pressure, e.g. ram-air operated
F42C0015295000	operated by a turbine or a propeller; Mounting means therefor
F42C0015300000	of propellant gases, i.e. derived from propulsive charge or rocket motor
F42C0015310000	generated by the combustion of a pyrotechnic or explosive charge within the fuze
F42C0015320000	operated by change of fluid pressure (F42C0005000000, F42C0015290000 take precedence);;
F42C0015330000	by breaking a vacuum or pressure container
F42C0015340000	wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge (F42C0015180000, F42C0015400000 take precedence);;
F42C0015360000	wherein arming is effected by combustion or fusion of an element (F42C0015310000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015380000	wherein arming is effected by chemical action (F42C0003000000 takes precedence);;
F42C0015400000	wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
F42C0015420000	from a remote location, e.g. for controlled mines or mine fields
F42C0015440000	Arrangements for disarming, or for rendering harmless, fuzes after arming, e.g. after launch
F42C0017000000	Fuze-setting apparatus
F42C0017020000	Fuze-setting keys
F42C0017040000	for electric fuzes
F42C0019000000	Details of fuzes (other parts F42C0015000000)
F42C0019020000	Fuze bodies; Fuze housings
F42C0019040000	Protective caps
F42C0019060000	Electric contact parts specially adapted for use with electric fuzes
F42C0019070000	Nose-contacts for projectiles or missiles
F42C0019080000	Primers (initiators for blasting cartridges F42B0003100000); Detonators
F42C0019085000	Primers for caseless ammunition
F42C0019090000	Primers or detonators containing a hollow charge
F42C0019095000	Arrangement of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed around a warhead, one of the primers or detonators being selected for directional detonation effects
F42C0019100000	Percussion caps
F42C0019120000	electric
F42C0019140000	operable also in the percussion mode
F42C0021000000	Checking fuzes; Testing fuzes
F42C0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F42D	BLASTING (fuses, e.g. fuse cords, C06C0005000000; blasting cartridges F42B0003000000)
F42D0001000000	Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. for loading or tamping
F42D0001020000	Arranging blasting cartridges to form an assembly (adaptation of blasting cartridges therefor F42B0003020000)
F42D0001040000	Arrangements for ignition
F42D0001045000	Arrangements for electric ignition (dynamo-electric generators H02K)
F42D0001050000	Electric circuits for blasting
F42D0001055000	specially adapted for firing multiple charges with a time delay
F42D0001060000	Relative timing of multiple charges (F42D0001055000 takes precedence);;
F42D0001080000	Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
F42D0001100000	Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
F42D0001120000	Feeding tamping material by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
F42D0001140000	Hand-operated tamping or loading
F42D0001160000	Tamping tools
F42D0001180000	Plugs for boreholes
F42D0001200000	Tamping cartridges, i.e. cartridges containing tamping material (flexible or deformable blasting cartridges F42B0003087000)
F42D0001220000	Means for holding or positioning blasting cartridges or tamping cartridges in boreholes
F42D0001240000	characterised by the tamping material
F42D0001260000	Tamping with foaming agents
F42D0001280000	Tamping with gelling agents
F42D0003000000	Particular applications of blasting techniques
F42D0003020000	for demolition of tall structures, e.g. chimney stacks
F42D0003040000	for rock blasting
F42D0003060000	for seismic purposes
F42D0005000000	Safety arrangements
F42D0005020000	Locating undetonated charges
F42D0005040000	Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition (extracting primers, dismantling ammunition F42B0033040000, F42B0033060000); Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
F42D0005045000	Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
F42D0005050000	Blasting mats
F42D0005055000	Silencing means for blasting operations (F42D0005045000 takes precedence);;
F42D0005060000	Unloading boreholes
F42D0007000000	Other blasting
F99	SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
F99Z	SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
F99Z0099000000	Subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
