Article 2
2. The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of the first paragraph:
a. discoveries, as well as scientific theories and mathematical methods;
Article 2a
1. The inventions referred to in Article 2(1) are also taken to mean inventions that relate to a product that consists of or contains biological material or that relates to a process through which biological material is obtained, processed or used.
2. Inventions within the meaning of the first paragraph in any event include inventions with respect to:
a. biological material that is isolated from its natural environment or is obtained using a technical process, even if that material occurs in nature;
b. a part of the human body that is isolated or that is otherwise obtained using a technical process, including a sequence or partial sequence of a gene, even if the structure of that part is identical to that of a natural part;
c. plants or animals, provided that the practicability of that invention is not technically limited to certain plant or animal varieties; or
d. a microbiological or other technical process through which biological material is obtained, processed or used, or a product obtained using such a process.
Article 3
1. No patent shall be issued for:
b. the human body in its various stages of its formation and its development, as well as the sole discovery of one of its parts, including a sequence or partial sequence of a gene;
d. essentially biological processes consisting entirely of natural phenomena such as hybridisations or selections in order to produce plants or animals and the products obtained thereby;