Article 53. Limitations on patents
3 The following are also not patentable:
b) Plant and animal varieties and essentially biological processes for obtaining plants or animals;
Article 54. Special cases of patentability
1 The following may be patented:
d) An invention relating to plants or animals, if its technical feasibility is not confined to a particular plant variety or breed of animal;
e) A biological material isolated from its natural environment or produced on the basis of a technical process, even if it pre-exists in a natural state;
f) An invention relating to a microbiological process or other technical processes or products obtained by means of these processes.
2 An essentially biological process for obtaining plants or animals is any process that consists wholly of natural phenomena, such as crossing or selection.
3 A microbiological process is any process involving or performed upon or resulting in microbiological material.