Transport emits 23 percent of the world’s energy-related CO2 emissions. Low-carbon technologies and demand-side measures are crucial for mitigating the sector’s climate impact, while providing important co-benefits for air quality and human health. From digital planning tools to electric vehicles, this section explores a range of technological solutions essential for the green mobility transition.
Proven technologies
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesUrban planning: data for cyclist and pedestrian planning
Strava
Getty Images /© seamartiniStrava provides the world’s largest data set of transport information. The data is gathered through more than 100 million people’s phones or global positioning system (GPS) devices. The company aggregates and analyzes the data to support urban planners, trail network designers and city authorities in understanding the needs and mobility patterns of cyclists and pedestrians. The result is a valuable tool for planning investments and urban infrastructure. Their Strava Metro web platform is easily accessible and requires no technical expertise such as geographical information system (GIS) experience. As of 2020, organizations who aim to enhance cyclist and pedestrian conditions in cities can apply to access the web platform and data free of charge.
- Contracting type: Service/free
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesUrban planning: digital tool for traffic congestion planning
Intelligent Traffic Control
Getty Images /© choi dongsuIntelligent Traffic Control helps cities reduce traffic congestion using traffic data and planning software. Their software uses machine learning and AI algorithms based on live traffic data gathered from off-the-shelf cameras. These detect the behavior of private cars, public transport vehicles and pedestrians with a high degree of accuracy both day and night. The data is then analyzed to help cities predict congestion and mitigate it through smart traffic light manipulation. The company has completed projects in Australia, Brazil, Israel and the United States.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Israel
- Availability: Worldwide
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesModal shift + electric vehicles: electric two-wheeler micromobility system
Yulu
Getty Images /©Arkadij SchellMicromobility solutions such as scooters and motorbikes are commonplace and help reduce both traffic congestion and car dependency in cities. Yulu operates India’s first electric micromobility service with keyless access. It is a technology-driven mobility platform based on technologies such as machine learning, AI and a global positioning system (GPS) tracking system for management of supply, demand and operations. The company rents electric bikes and scooters to other companies, such as delivery partners with last-minute connectivity needs. The service is based on a kilometer-based pricing model and hundreds of battery-swapping stations have been installed across the participating cities. Fully charged batteries can be reserved in advance through the app on a needs basis.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: India
- Availability: India
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesModal shift + electric vehicles: mass transit electric vehicles with pay-as-you-drive subscription
BasiGo
© BasigoBasiGo is an e-mobility startup based in Kenya that provides electric public transport buses. Having identified the upfront cost of purchasing electric buses as a major barrier, the company offers pay-as-you-drive subscriptions to public service vehicle operators, currently mainly in the Nairobi area. Operators then pay a fee for every kilometer traveled that covers the cost of leasing the e-bus battery, charging services and general vehicle maintenance. The company has also installed Kenya’s first publicly accessible fast-charging stations for electric buses and rolled out an app that allows travelers to plan their routes and book and pay for their trip in advance. BasiGo plans to supply over 1,000 mass transit electric buses to transport operators in Kenya over the next five years.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Kenya
- Availability: Kenya
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesRide-sharing: car-sharing platform with hourly or daily rental options
Awto
Getty Images /© Tero VesalainenAwto is Chile’s first car-sharing service. It was founded with the intention of addressing traffic congestion in Santiago and reducing the number of privately owned cars by introducing an hourly or daily car rental service. Their fleet of cars now ranges from two-wheelers to large cargo vehicles. Vehicles are shared using a mobile app that identifies, books and pays for vehicle use on a needs basis.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Low
- Country of origin: Chile
- Availability: Chile
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesElectric vehicles: smart charging stations
XCharge
Getty Images /© pirankaXCharge is an electric vehicle charging solution provider with a wide range of products, including energy storage and load management. Their charging stations meet diverse electric vehicle charging needs, including for private cars and public buses. Since 2015, more than 40,000 chargers have been installed in more than 25 countries worldwide. The chargers are equipped with liquid cooled lithium-ion battery packs for energy storage and can support simultaneous charging for two vehicles.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: China
- Availability: Worldwide
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesElectric vehicles: battery-as-a-service for electric motorbikes
Ampersand
© AmpersandAmpersand offers electric motorcycles and a battery-swapping network for motorcycle taxi drivers in Rwanda. A driver can purchase or lease a motorcycle from Ampersand at a competitive price. Batteries are owned by the company and provided to drivers as a service. This means that drivers pay for the electricity as they would petrol – paying only for what they use. When the driver’s battery runs out, they can swap it for a fully charged battery at one of the company’s swap stations located around the city. This avoids having to wait while the battery charges. The company currently hosts around 35 motorbikes in Kigali with 7,200 drivers on the waiting list.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Rwanda
- Availability: Rwanda
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesElectric vehicles: electric vehicles and charging stations in the Arab States
NEV Enterprise Trading L.C.C.
Getty Images /© Marcus LindstromNEV Enterprise provides tailored solutions to facilitate the scale-up of electric vehicle use in the Arab States. Services include the supply of electric vehicle charging stations for supermarkets, stores, hotels and other establishments. For larger fleets, charging infrastructure can be optimized through a user-friendly back-end management system that tracks and controls usage and costs.
- Contracting type: For sale/service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: United Arab Emirates
- Availability: Middle East
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesElectric vehicles: retrofitted electric cars for emerging economies
Advanced Dynamics
Getty Images /© anon-taeAdvanced Dynamics transforms conventional used cars into electric vehicles using a complete electrification package consisting of an electric vehicle motor, battery, control system, solar body parts and other supporting components. Their mission is to help fast-growing economies to shift toward electric vehicle use in an affordable manner. Their technology can be adapted to various vehicles, from midsize cars to large commercial trucks.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Singapore/Bangladesh
- Availability: Asia
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesModal shift: app that incentivizes walking
Walk15, UAB
Getty Images /© Hanna Siamashka#walk15 is an activity app developed in Lithuania and available worldwide free of charge. Hundreds of thousands of users, as well as over 1,000 companies, have used the app as a tool to encourage their employees to walk more. The app counts steps, creates challenges, enables competitions, shares educational messages relating to the location along the selected route and offers discounts for walking.
- Contracting type: Free
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Lithuania
- Availability: Worldwide
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesUrban planning: local air quality data for mobility planning
Lobelia Earth
© Lobelia EarthLobelia Earth offers highly localized air quality information at street-level resolution using a combination of local data sources and satellite observations. The platform addresses the need for accurate local air quality measurement and tackles the limitations imposed by in-situ monitoring infrastructure, such as sparse coverage and high cost. The service is currently accessible and utilized in major European cities, assisting city authorities in promoting low-emission zones and mobility planning. The approach relies on meteorological and emission proxy data to generate regular updates on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels on an hourly basis. The data is based on satellite technologies utilizing radar and optical remote sensing, complemented by on-the-ground monitoring and modeling supported by machine learning algorithms.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Spain
- Availability: Europe
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Proven technologiesBiofuel: E85 conversion kit
BioMotors
© Peter OksenIn order to fuel a vehicle with E85 (85 percent ethanol 15 percent gasoline) the best option is to buy a flex-fuel vehicle or a vehicle specifically designed to run on E85. However, some cars can be retrofitted to use E85 through conversion kits that typically include components such as modified fuel injectors, fuel lines and pumps and systems to handle the higher ethanol content. As E85 is widely available in France, the French company BioMotors provides E85 conversion kits that allow a car to run on multiple types of fuel. The kit enables real-time detection of the fuel in the vehicle, allowing automatic adjustment of the settings.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: France
- Availability: France
Frontier technologies
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierHydrogen: on-site hydrogen production and vehicle charging
Atawey Hydrogen
Getty Images /© Scharfsinn86Atawey Hydrogen designs and develops autonomous, green hydrogen refueling stations. The technology is based on electrolysis (i.e., extracting hydrogen from water using electricity). The water molecule is split into oxygen and hydrogen, with the hydrogen recovered, compressed and stored in vessels. The hydrogen can then be used to refuel vehicles such as cars and bikes. The refueling stations also include charging points for electric vehicle batteries, offering multiple charging options at the same station. Currently, 24 Atawey hydrogen stations have been installed in France and one in New Caledonia.
- Contracting type: For collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: France/United States
- Availability: France, New Caledonia
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierHydrogen: converting conventional engines to hydrogen combustion engines
KEYOU
© KeyouGerman startup KEYOU specializes in the transformation of conventional engines into hydrogen combustion engines. The technology has been successfully implemented in an 18-tonne truck and the company aims to rent these converted vehicles on a hydrogen mobility-as-a-service model, where end customers pay a monthly kilometer-based price depending on their actual mileage. The complete package includes the hydrogen vehicle, fuel, service, maintenance and insurance. The basis for the converted engine is a diesel engine platform sourced from an established manufacturer with a power output of 210 kW. It complies with EU emission standards and consumes about 7.5 kg of hydrogen per 100 km with a storage capacity of about 27 kg hydrogen enabling a range of 350 km. Refueling with hydrogen takes approximately 15 minutes. The company premiered their trucks in 2022 and customer operations are set to begin soon.
- Contracting type: For sale/service
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: Germany
- Availability: Germany
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierRide-sharing + autonomous vehicles: autonomous robotaxis
Zoox Inc.
Getty Images /© KinwunZoox robotaxis are on-demand autonomous vehicles designed for moving people via a ride-hailing service platform. They have been piloted and are currently in operation as an employee shuttle service in Las Vegas, Nevada. The vehicle is fully electric and driverless. It uses sensors, cameras, lidars and radars to navigate through its surroundings.
- Contracting type: Service/collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: United States
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierElectric vehicles: solid-state lithium batteries
Chongqing Talent New Energy Co., Ltd.
© Chongqing Talent New EnergyTalent New Energy develops next-generation batteries with a focus on solid-state lithium batteries. Their semi-solid lithium batteries use a solid electrolyte similar to ceramics, which increases mechanical and chemical strength and stability and improves the safety of the battery. The batteries display extended lifetimes and their higher energy density in comparison to traditional liquid lithium batteries results in faster charging times.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: China
- Availability: China
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierElectric vehicles: automatically rechargeable e-bike
byAr Volta
Getty Images /© ABBPhotoThe byAr Volta electric bicycle features a shaft-driven design that uses energy produced by backpedaling to recharge its battery. The longer you backpedal, the more energy is produced to recharge the battery, saving on charging time. The company claims the battery can be nearly fully charged during use.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
- Availability: Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / FrontierModal shift + electric vehicles: electrified buses in sub-Saharan Africa
Kiira Motors
Getty Images /© FullframeFactoryKiira Motors has designed a fully electric low-floor bus for urban mass transportation in sub-Saharan Africa. Fully charged, the Kayoola EVSTM bus has a range of up to 300 km, with capacity to seat up to 90 passengers. The bus is also equipped to transport passengers with special needs, with special seats and a ramp for easy onboarding of people in wheelchairs. The company is currently taking orders to produce the buses.
- Contracting type: For sale/collaboration
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Uganda
- Availability: Uganda
Horizon technologies
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / HorizonElectric vehicles: graphene electric vehicle battery
Graphenano
Getty Images /© BONNINSTUDIOGraphene batteries have the potential to be the electric vehicle battery of the future, as they charge much faster than conventional electric vehicle batteries and store more energy. The Spanish company Graphenano is developing a graphene polymer-based battery for use in electric vehicles with a 500 km range. Their aim is to produce a battery that is rechargeable in less than five minutes.
- Contracting type: Service/collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: High
- Availability: N/A
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / HorizonElectric vehicles: sodium-ion battery
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. (CATL)
Getty Images /© Just_SuperSodium-ion batteries could become an important alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries in the future. While they have the advantages of being cheaper and not relying on lithium, their energy density is lower which may make them more suitable for vehicles with a shorter range. However, research into strengthening their performance is ongoing and the leading electric vehicle battery manufacturer, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. (CATL), plans mass production of sodium-ion batteries this year.
- Contracting type: For collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: China
- Availability: N/A
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / HorizonBiofuel: hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass for transport fuel
Licella
Getty Images /© Toa55Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical conversion process that converts wet biomass, such as sewage sludge, agricultural residues and other organic materials, into a liquid biofuel. This process takes place in conditions of high temperature and pressure to break down the organic material and form a mixture of volatile organic compounds. Mixed with water, this compound forms a liquid known as bio-oil or bio-crude, which can be refined for use as transport fuel. Unlike pyrolysis or gasification processes, this technology can process feedstock with high moisture content, avoiding the need for energy-intensive drying. No commercial-scale plants are currently operational. However, several plants from demonstration to commercial scale are in development, including one plant in Canada that aims to apply the Licella technology for development of bio-crude which can be further refined into transport fuel.
- Contracting type: For collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: Canada
- Availability: N/A
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / HorizonBiofuel: fast pyrolysis of biomass for transport fuel
Pyrocell AB
Getty Images /© Bill OxfordFast pyrolysis of biomass to produce liquid bio-oil is a well-established technology but high oxygen content limits its potential as a transport fuel.[127]Current research is focusing on improving the upgrading process of such bio-fuels for use in transport. Pyrocell is a pyrolysis plant commissioned in 2021 for the conversion of sawdust into pyrolysis oil with a capacity of 25,000 tonnes of bio-oil per year. Here, the fast pyrolysis technology developed by Dutch companies TechnipFMC and BTG BioLiquids has been utilized to produce bio-oil destined for upgrading to transport fuel at a refinery in Sweden.
- Contracting type: For collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: Sweden
- Availability: N/A
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / HorizonElectric vehicles: “massless” energy storage in electric vehicles
Chalmers University of Technology
Getty Images /© kaptnaliElectric vehicles’ batteries today constitute a large part of the vehicle’s weight, thereby adding to the energy needed to drive the car. However, a so-called structural battery (or “massless” energy storage) is one that is integrated into the load-bearing structure of a vehicle. While attempts to develop such batteries first started in 2007, a recent breakthrough at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, has led to structural batteries with improved energy storage. While lighter consumer products such as computers and bicycles are currently more within reach for this technology, continued research aims to make structural batteries a reality for electric vehicles.
- Contracting type: For collaboration
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: Sweden
- Availability: N/A
Innovation examples
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Innovation examplesUsing ICT to manage traffic flow in Moscow
Getty Images /© metamorworksMoscow City Government has improved management of its urban traffic flows, with significant benefits for the environment and climate, by applying information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure. To reduce traffic congestion and lower carbon emissions, the city implemented various ICT-driven initiatives such as smart traffic management systems consisting of 2,000 traffic lights, 3,500 traffic detectors and 2,000 closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras, all feeding real-time data to the Traffic Management Centre. This data enables informed decisions on traffic management, reducing idling time for drivers and consequently cutting carbon emissions. Additionally, Moscow introduced measures to promote public transport use, such as parking fees and fewer free parking spots. Online maps and payment systems have enhanced efficiency while the city’s Troika transport card facilitates seamless transfers between different transport modes. The city also monitors over half of its signal-controlled intersections with adaptive traffic-control measures, using embedded road sensors to optimize traffic flow.
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2. Cities / Smart mobility / Innovation examplesDrone-delivery of packages in Rwanda
Getty Images /© helivideoDelivery of packages to last-mile users using drones instead of diesel trucks can significantly reduce GHG emissions. In Rwanda, the company Zipline has successfully delivered medical products using drone technology for the past six years. Operations have also expanded to Ghana, Nigeria and the United States. The packages are delivered in plastic boxes lowered by parachute. The unmanned and self-piloted drones have made a total of 450,000 deliveries to date. Partnership with the Government of Rwanda is now expanding with a contract for a further 2 million deliveries by 2029, covering postal service items, food and agricultural products.
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See Notes here