The personal and social services that are included in Class 45 are quite specific. Some examples are marriage agency services, horoscope casting, conducting religious ceremonies and burial services.
Legal services are often rendered by lawyers but this is not a requirement for the classification of a legal service in Class 45. While activities such as adoption agency services, arbitration and mediation services, and registration of domain names can protect the legal rights of individuals or corporations, these services are not necessarily rendered by lawyers. However, they are classified in Class 45 because of the legal aspect of the activity.
Security services are an extension of the two prior areas of activity in Class 45. Such services may be provided to individuals or corporations, and for legal or physical protection. Generally, services relating to guarding or safety of tangible property and individuals are in Class 45. It should be noted however that internet security and data security are considered to be technological services in Cl. 42.
The Class Heading "personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals" is not intended to serve as a catch-all phrase that justifies the classification of any services in Class 45 so long as they are related to needs of individuals. Many services that are provided to individuals are in other classes and should not be placed in Class 45 simply because they are "personal" or because the activity is performed to benefit an individual. For example, banking services may meet the needs of individuals, nevertheless such services are financial in nature and are thus always classified in Cl. 36. Similarly, personal chef services are in Cl. 43 because the aim of these services is the preparation of food and drink for consumption which is properly classified in that Class.