Services in Class 37 include the construction of buildings, ships and other major structures, and the repair or installation of virtually all types of goods. They further involve extraction activities in the field of mining, as well as gas and oil extraction.
It is worth noting that whilst building construction is in Class 37, certain services ancillary to construction can belong to other classes, for example, business project management services for construction projects in Cl. 35, arranging finance for construction projects in Cl. 36, and construction drafting and architectural services, as well as research in the field of building construction, in Cl. 42.
Class 37 also includes maintenance and cleaning services. The distinction between Class 37 and Cl. 40 (treatment of materials) for these services should be noted. Cleaning, maintenance and repair services in Class 37 return an object to its original condition, improve it or preserve it without changing its essential properties, while the services in Cl. 40 involve the transformation of an object or material into something different by altering its physical or chemical properties (for example, compare vehicle polishing in Class 37 with chromium plating in Cl. 40). This means that services such as the refilling of ink and toner cartridges also belong to Class 37 as these services are considered to "return an object to its original condition".