|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H03 |
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

|  | H03K |
PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; mechanical counters having an electrical input Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M; information storage devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11; sample-and-hold arrangements in electric analogue stores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; static conversion of electric power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M; generation of oscillations by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D; automatic control of generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L; starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M) [4]

|  | H03K |
Note(s) This subclass covers: methods, circuits, devices, or apparatus using active elements operating in a discontinuous or switching manner for generating, counting, amplifying, shaping, modulating, demodulating, or otherwise manipulating signals; electronic switching not involving contact-making and braking; logic circuits handling electric pulses. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "active element" exercises control over the conversion of input energy into an oscillation or a discontinuous flow of energy. In this subclass, where the claims of a patent document are not limited to a specific circuit element, the document is classified at least according to the elements used in the described embodiment. [6]

|  | H03K |
Subclass index
GENERATING PULSES |
Circuits; with finite slope or stepped portions | 3/00; 4/00
PRODUCING PULSES FROM SINEWAVES | 12/00
MANIPULATING PULSES OTHER THAN WHEN COUNTING |
Modulating; demodulating; transfer | 7/00; 9/00; 11/00
Other | 5/00, 6/00
PULSE COUNTERS, FREQUENCY DIVIDERS |
With counting chains; with integration; with a closed loop; with multistable elements | 23/00; 25/00; 27/00; 29/00
Details | 21/00
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS |
Electronic switching; logic circuits | 17/00; 19/00

P:120 |  | H03K 3/00 |
Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00 takes precedence; for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/025) [5]

|  | H03K 3/01 |
· | Details [3]

|  | H03K 3/011 |
· · | Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature [6]

|  | H03K 3/012 |
· · | Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption [6]

|  | H03K 3/013 |
· · | Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference [3]

|  | H03K 3/014 |
· · | Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations [6]

|  | H03K 3/015 |
· · | Modifications of generator to maintain energy constant [6]

|  | H03K 3/017 |
· · | Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 7/08) [3]

|  | H03K 3/02 |
· | Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/64-H03K 3/84 take precedence)

|  | H03K 3/021 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of more than one type of element or means, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT [6]

|  | H03K 3/023 |
· · | by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback [3]

|  | H03K 3/0231 |
· · · | Astable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/0232 |
· · · | Monostable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/0233 |
· · · | Bistable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/0234 |
· · · | Multistable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/027 |
· · | by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback [3]

|  | H03K 3/03 |
· · · | Astable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/033 |
· · · | Monostable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/037 |
· · · | Bistable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/038 |
· · · | Multistable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/04 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/05 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/06 |
· · · · | using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/08 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/09 |
· · · · · · | Stabilisation of output [2]

|  | H03K 3/10 |
· · · · · | monostable

|  | H03K 3/12 |
· · · · · | bistable

|  | H03K 3/13 |
· · · · · · | Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]

|  | H03K 3/14 |
· · · · · | multistable

|  | H03K 3/16 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core

|  | H03K 3/22 |
· · · · | specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar

|  | H03K 3/26 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 3/28 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/281 |
· · · · | using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/282 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/283 |
· · · · · · | Stabilisation of output [2]

|  | H03K 3/284 |
· · · · · | monostable

|  | H03K 3/286 |
· · · · · | bistable [3]

|  | H03K 3/287 |
· · · · · · | using additional transistors in the feedback circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/288 |
· · · · · · | using additional transistors in the input circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/2885 |
· · · · · · · | the input circuit having a differential configuration [5]

|  | H03K 3/289 |
· · · · · · | of the master-slave type [3]

|  | H03K 3/2893 |
· · · · · · | Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]

|  | H03K 3/2897 |
· · · · · · · | with an input circuit of differential configuration [6]

|  | H03K 3/29 |
· · · · · | multistable

|  | H03K 3/30 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 3/313 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [3]

|  | H03K 3/315 |
· · · | the devices being tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 3/33 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect

|  | H03K 3/335 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect

|  | H03K 3/35 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/351 |
· · · | the devices being unijunction transistors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/352 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/352 |
· · · | the devices being thyristors [3]

|  | H03K 3/3525 |
· · · · | Anode gate thyristors or programmable unijunction transistors [6]

|  | H03K 3/353 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2,3]

|  | H03K 3/354 |
· · · | Astable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/355 |
· · · | Monostable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/356 |
· · · | Bistable circuits [3]

|  | H03K 3/3562 |
· · · · | of the master-slave type [6]

|  | H03K 3/3565 |
· · · · | Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]

|  | H03K 3/3568 |
· · · | Multistable circuits [6]

|  | H03K 3/357 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 3/36 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of semiconductors, not otherwise provided for [2]

|  | H03K 3/37 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes, e.g. astable trigger circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/55 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/38 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices [3]

|  | H03K 3/40 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of electrochemical cells

|  | H03K 3/42 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled

|  | H03K 3/43 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of beam deflection tubes

|  | H03K 3/45 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices

|  | H03K 3/47 |
· · · | the devices being parametrons

|  | H03K 3/49 |
· · · | the devices being ferro-resonant

|  | H03K 3/51 |
· · · | the devices being multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxors

|  | H03K 3/53 |
· · | by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/335 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/537 |
· · · | the switching device being a spark gap [3]

|  | H03K 3/543 |
· · · | the switching device being a vacuum tube [3]

|  | H03K 3/55 |
· · · | the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode

|  | H03K 3/57 |
· · · | the switching device being a semiconductor device

|  | H03K 3/59 |
· · | by the use of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 3/64 |
· | Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses

|  | H03K 3/66 |
· · | by interrupting the output of a generator

|  | H03K 3/70 |
· · · | time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal

|  | H03K 3/72 |
· · | with means for varying repetition rate of trains

|  | H03K 3/78 |
· | Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number

|  | H03K 3/80 |
· | Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by interrupting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | H03K 3/84 |
· | Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators [2]

|  | H03K 3/86 |
· | Generating pulses by means of delay lines and not covered by the preceding subgroups [2]

P:110 |  | H03K 4/00 |
Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions (generation of supply voltages from deflection waveforms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/18)

|  | H03K 4/02 |
· | having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform

|  | H03K 4/04 |
· | having parabolic shape

|  | H03K 4/06 |
· | having triangular shape

|  | H03K 4/08 |
· · | having sawtooth shape

|  | H03K 4/10 |
· · · | using as active elements vacuum tubes only

|  | H03K 4/12 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/14 |
· · · · · | using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/16 |
· · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/18 |
· · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/20 |
· · · · · | using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/22 |
· · · · · · | combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron

|  | H03K 4/24 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/26 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/28 |
· · · · · | using a tube operating as a switching device [3]

|  | H03K 4/32 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/34 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer

|  | H03K 4/36 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/38 |
· · · · · · · · | combined with Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/39 |
· · · · · | using a tube operating as an amplifier [3]

|  | H03K 4/41 |
· · · · · · | with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]

|  | H03K 4/43 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses [3]

|  | H03K 4/48 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/787-H03K 4/84 take precedence)

|  | H03K 4/50 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/501 |
· · · · · | the starting point of the flyback period being determined by the amplitude of the voltage across the capacitor, e.g. by a comparator [6]

|  | H03K 4/502 |
· · · · · · | the capacitor being charged from a constant-current source [6]

|  | H03K 4/52 |
· · · · · | using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/54 |
· · · · · | using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/56 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/58 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/60 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/62 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device operating as a switching device [3]

|  | H03K 4/64 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/66 |
· · · · · · · | using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/68 |
· · · · · · | Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/69 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device operating as an amplifier [3]

|  | H03K 4/71 |
· · · · · · | with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]

|  | H03K 4/72 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/787 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [2]

|  | H03K 4/793 |
· · · · | using tunnel diodes [2]

|  | H03K 4/80 |
· · · | using as active elements multi-layer diodes

|  | H03K 4/83 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions or with more than three electrodes or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region [2]

|  | H03K 4/84 |
· · · · | Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/86 |
· · · | using as active elements gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 4/88 |
· · · | using as active elements electrochemical cells

|  | H03K 4/90 |
· · · | Linearisation of ramp (modifying slopes of pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 6/04; scanning correction for television receivers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/16); Synchronisation of pulses (in pictorial communication systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 1/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/04; colour synchronisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/44) [2]

|  | H03K 4/92 |
· | having a waveform comprising a portion of a sinusoid (generating sinusoidal oscillations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B) [2]

|  | H03K 4/94 |
· | having trapezoidal shape [2]

P:40 |  | H03K 5/00 |
Manipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in this subclass (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00; by the use of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/45)

|  | H03K 5/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

|  | H03K 5/003 |
· | Changing the DC level (television signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00) [6]

|  | H03K 5/007 |
· · | Base line stabilisation (thresholding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/08) [6]

|  | H03K 5/01 |
· | Shaping pulses (discrimination against noise or interference Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/125)

|  | H03K 5/02 |
· · | by amplifying (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/04 takes precedence; wide-band amplifiers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F)

|  | H03K 5/04 |
· · | by increasing duration; by decreasing duration

|  | H03K 5/05 |
· · · | by the use of clock signals or other time reference signals [3]

|  | H03K 5/06 |
· · · | by the use of delay lines or other analogue delay elements [3]

|  | H03K 5/07 |
· · · | by the use of resonant circuits [3]

|  | H03K 5/08 |
· · | by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/07 takes precedence; comparing one pulse with another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/22; providing a determined threshold for switching Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/30) [3]

|  | H03K 5/12 |
· · | by steepening leading or trailing edges

|  | H03K 5/125 |
· | Discriminating pulses (measuring or indicating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 23/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 25/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 29/00; separation of synchronising signals in television systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/08) [6]

|  | H03K 5/1252 |
· · | Suppression or limitation of noise or interference (specially adapted for transmission systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 25/08) [6]

|  | H03K 5/1254 |
· · · | specially adapted for pulses generated by closure of switches, i.e. anti-bouncing devices (debouncing circuits for electronic time-pieces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04G 5/00) [6]

|  | H03K 5/13 |
· | Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals

|  | H03K 5/135 |
· · | by the use of time reference signals, e.g. clock signals [3]

|  | H03K 5/14 |
· · | by the use of delay lines [3]

|  | H03K 5/145 |
· · | by the use of resonant circuits [3]

|  | H03K 5/15 |
· | Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors (distributing, switching, or gating arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00) [2]

|  | H03K 5/151 |
· · | with two complementary outputs [6]

|  | H03K 5/153 |
· | Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant (switching at zero crossing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/13)

|  | H03K 5/1532 |
· · | Peak detectors (measuring characteristics of individual pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 29/02) [6]

|  | H03K 5/1534 |
· · | Transition or edge detectors [6]

|  | H03K 5/1536 |
· · | Zero-crossing detectors (in measuring circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/175) [6]

|  | H03K 5/156 |
· | Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern

|  | H03K 5/159 |
· | Applications of delay lines not covered by the preceding subgroups

|  | H03K 5/19 |
· | Monitoring patterns of pulse trains (indicating amplitude Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/00; indicating frequency Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 23/00; measuring characteristics of individual pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 29/02) [3]

|  | H03K 5/22 |
· | Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral (indicating phase difference of two cyclic pulse trains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 25/00) [3]

|  | H03K 5/24 |
· · | the characteristic being amplitude [3]

|  | H03K 5/26 |
· · | the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence [3]

P:30 |  | H03K 6/00 |
Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H03K 6/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

|  | H03K 6/02 |
· | Amplifying pulses

|  | H03K 6/04 |
· | Modifying slopes of pulses, e.g. S-correction (S-correction in television Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/23)

P:20 |  | H03K 7/00 |
Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal

|  | H03K 7/02 |
· | Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM

|  | H03K 7/04 |
· | Position modulation, i.e. PPM

|  | H03K 7/06 |
· | Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM

|  | H03K 7/08 |
· | Duration or width modulation

|  | H03K 7/10 |
· | Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation

P:10 |  | H03K 9/00 |
Demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal

|  | H03K 9/02 |
· | of amplitude-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/04 |
· | of position-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/06 |
· | of frequency- or rate-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/08 |
· | of duration- or width-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/10 |
· | of pulses having combined modulation

P:0 |  | H03K 11/00 |
Transforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses

P:100 |  | H03K 12/00 |
Producing pulses by distorting or combining sinusoidal waveforms (shaping pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/01; combining sinewaves using elements operating in a non-switching manner Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B) [3]

P:140 |  | H03K 17/00 |
Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking (selection of the stylus or auxiliary electrode in electric printing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 2/405; sample-and-hold arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; switching or interrupting devices in waveguides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01P; gated amplifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F 3/72; switching arrangements for exchange systems using static devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 3/52)

|  | H03K 17/04 |
· | Modifications for accelerating switching [3]

|  | H03K 17/041 |
· · | without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/0412 |
· · · | by measures taken in the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/0414 |
· · · · | Anti-saturation measures [6]

|  | H03K 17/0416 |
· · · | by measures taken in the output circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/042 |
· · | by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/0422 |
· · · | Anti-saturation measures [6]

|  | H03K 17/0424 |
· · · | by the use of a transformer [6]

|  | H03K 17/06 |
· | Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state [3]

|  | H03K 17/08 |
· | Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage [3]

|  | H03K 17/081 |
· · | without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/0812 |
· · · | by measures taken in the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/0814 |
· · · | by measures taken in the output circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/082 |
· · | by feedback from the output to the control circuit [6]

|  | H03K 17/10 |
· | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage [3]

|  | H03K 17/12 |
· | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current [3]

|  | H03K 17/13 |
· | Modifications for switching at zero crossing (generating an impulse at zero crossing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/1536) [3]

|  | H03K 17/14 |
· | Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature [3]

|  | H03K 17/16 |
· | Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents [3]

|  | H03K 17/18 |
· | Modifications for indicating state of switch [3]

|  | H03K 17/20 |
· | Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state [3]

|  | H03K 17/22 |
· | Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/12) [3]

|  | H03K 17/24 |
· · | Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails [3]

|  | H03K 17/26 |
· | Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses [3]

|  | H03K 17/28 |
· | Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching (modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/296) [3]

|  | H03K 17/284 |
· · | in field-effect transistor switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/288 |
· · | in tube switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/292 |
· · | in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/296 |
· | Modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed (electronic clocks comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time-intervals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04G 15/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/30 |
· | Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching (shaping pulses by thresholding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/08) [3]

|  | H03K 17/51 |
· | characterised by the use of specified components (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/04-H03K 17/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/94 take precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/52 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes [3]

|  | H03K 17/54 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes (using diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74) [3]

|  | H03K 17/56 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices (using diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74) [3]

|  | H03K 17/567 |
· · · | Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT [6]

|  | H03K 17/58 |
· · · | the devices being tunnel diodes [3]

|  | H03K 17/60 |
· · · | the devices being bipolar transistors (bipolar transistors having four or more electrodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/72) [3]

|  | H03K 17/605 |
· · · · | with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 17/61 |
· · · · · | using transformer coupling [5]

|  | H03K 17/615 |
· · · · | in a Darlington configuration [5]

|  | H03K 17/62 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00; code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/64 |
· · · · | having inductive loads [3]

|  | H03K 17/66 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will [3]

|  | H03K 17/68 |
· · · · | specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages [3]

|  | H03K 17/687 |
· · · | the devices being field-effect transistors [3]

|  | H03K 17/689 |
· · · · | with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 17/691 |
· · · · · | using transformer coupling [5]

|  | H03K 17/693 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00; code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/695 |
· · · · | having inductive loads (protecting switching circuit against inductive flyback voltage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/08) [6]

|  | H03K 17/70 |
· · · | the devices having only two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (the devices being tunnel diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/58) [3]

|  | H03K 17/72 |
· · · | Bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, e.g. thyristors, programmable unijunction transistors, or with more than three electrodes, e.g. silicon controlled switches, or with more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region, e.g. unijunction transistors [3]

|  | H03K 17/722 |
· · · · | with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 17/723 |
· · · · · | using transformer coupling [5]

|  | H03K 17/725 |
· · · · | for ac voltages or currents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/722, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/735 take precedence) [3,5]

|  | H03K 17/73 |
· · · · | for dc voltages or currents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/722, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/735 take precedence) [3,5]

|  | H03K 17/732 |
· · · · · | Measures for enabling turn-off [5]

|  | H03K 17/735 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/722 takes precedence; logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00; code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/00) [3,5]

|  | H03K 17/74 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of diodes (by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/567; by the use of tunnel diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/58; by the use of negative resistance diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/70) [3]

|  | H03K 17/76 |
· · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00; code Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/78 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled [3]

|  | H03K 17/785 |
· · · | controlling field-effect transistor switches [5]

|  | H03K 17/79 |
· · · | controlling semiconductor switches with more than two PN-junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region [5]

|  | H03K 17/795 |
· · · | controlling bipolar transistors [5]

|  | H03K 17/80 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices [3]

|  | H03K 17/81 |
· · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00; code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/82 |
· · · | the devices being transfluxors [3]

|  | H03K 17/84 |
· · · | the devices being thin-film devices [3]

|  | H03K 17/86 |
· · · | the devices being twistors [3]

|  | H03K 17/88 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of beam-deflection tubes [3]

|  | H03K 17/90 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/95, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/97 take precedence) [2,3]

|  | H03K 17/92 |
· · | by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices [2,3]

|  | H03K 17/94 |
· | characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated (mechanical structural details of control members of switches or keyboards, such as keys, push-buttons, levers or other mechanisms for transferring force to the activated elements, not directly producing electronic effects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; keyboards for special applications, see the relevant places, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04M 1/00) [3,4]

|  | H03K 17/945 |
· · | Proximity switches (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/96 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/95 |
· · · | using a magnetic detector [3]

|  | H03K 17/955 |
· · · | using a capacitive detector [3]

|  | H03K 17/96 |
· · | Touch switches (specially adapted for electronic time-pieces with no moving parts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04G 1/10) [3]

|  | H03K 17/965 |
· · | Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch [3]

|  | H03K 17/967 |
· · · | having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/969, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/972, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/98 take precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 17/968 |
· · · | using opto-electronic devices [4]

|  | H03K 17/969 |
· · · · | having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]

|  | H03K 17/97 |
· · · | using a magnetic movable element [3]

|  | H03K 17/972 |
· · · · | having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]

|  | H03K 17/975 |
· · · | using a capacitive movable element [3]

|  | H03K 17/98 |
· · · · | having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]

P:130 |  | H03K 19/00 |
Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output (circuits for computer systems using fuzzy logic Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06N 7/02); Inverting circuits

|  | H03K 19/003 |
· | Modifications for increasing the reliability [3]

|  | H03K 19/007 |
· | Fail-safe circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/01 |
· | Modifications for accelerating switching [3]

|  | H03K 19/013 |
· · | in bipolar transistor circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/017 |
· · | in field-effect transistor circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/0175 |
· | Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements (interface arrangements for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/00) [5]

|  | H03K 19/018 |
· · | using bipolar transistors only [5]

|  | H03K 19/0185 |
· · | using field-effect transistors only [5]

|  | H03K 19/02 |
· | using specified components (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/003-H03K 19/0175 take precedence) [3,5]

|  | H03K 19/04 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 19/06 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12)

|  | H03K 19/08 |
· · | using semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/173 takes precedence; wherein the semiconductor devices are only diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12) [3]

|  | H03K 19/082 |
· · · | using bipolar transistors [3]

|  | H03K 19/084 |
· · · · | Diode–transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/086 |
· · · · | Emitter coupled logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/088 |
· · · · | Transistor–transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/09 |
· · · · | Resistor–transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/091 |
· · · · | Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/094 |
· · · | using field-effect transistors [3]

|  | H03K 19/0944 |
· · · · | using MOSFET (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 19/0948 |
· · · · · | using CMOS [5]

|  | H03K 19/0952 |
· · · · | using Schottky type FET (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 19/0956 |
· · · · | Schottky diode FET logic (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H03K 19/096 |
· · · · | Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals [3]

|  | H03K 19/098 |
· · · | using thyristors [3]

|  | H03K 19/10 |
· · · | using tunnel diodes [3]

|  | H03K 19/12 |
· · | using diode rectifiers

|  | H03K 19/14 |
· · | using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled (optical logic elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 3/00)

|  | H03K 19/16 |
· · | using saturable magnetic devices

|  | H03K 19/162 |
· · · | using parametrons

|  | H03K 19/164 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices

|  | H03K 19/166 |
· · · | using transfluxors

|  | H03K 19/168 |
· · · | using thin-film devices

|  | H03K 19/17 |
· · | using twistors

|  | H03K 19/173 |
· · | using elementary logic circuits as components [3]

|  | H03K 19/177 |
· · · | arranged in matrix form [3]

|  | H03K 19/18 |
· · | using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 19/185 |
· · | using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors [2]

|  | H03K 19/19 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices [2]

|  | H03K 19/195 |
· · | using superconductive devices [2,3]

|  | H03K 19/20 |
· | characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/003-H03K 19/01 take precedence)

|  | H03K 19/21 |
· · | EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, i.e. giving output if input signal exists at only one input; COINCIDENCE circuits, i.e. giving output only if all input signals are identical [3]

|  | H03K 19/23 |
· · | Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority or the minority of the inputs [3]

P:90 |  | H03K 21/00 |
Details of pulse counters or frequency dividers

|  | H03K 21/02 |
· | Input circuits [4]

|  | H03K 21/08 |
· | Output circuits [4]

|  | H03K 21/10 |
· · | comprising logic circuits

|  | H03K 21/12 |
· · | with parallel read-out [4]

|  | H03K 21/14 |
· · | with series read-out of number stored [4]

|  | H03K 21/16 |
· | Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades

|  | H03K 21/17 |
· · | with field-effect transistors [4]

|  | H03K 21/18 |
· | Circuits for visual indication of the result [4]

|  | H03K 21/20 |
· · | using glow-discharge lamps

|  | H03K 21/38 |
· | Starting, stopping, or resetting the counter (counters with a base other than a power of two Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/48, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/66) [4]

|  | H03K 21/40 |
· | Monitoring; Error detection; Preventing or correcting improper counter operation [4]

P:70 |  | H03K 23/00 |
Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 29/00 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/40 |
· | Gating or clocking signals applied to all stages, i.e. synchronous counters [4]

|  | H03K 23/42 |
· · | Out-of-phase gating or clocking signals applied to counter stages [4]

|  | H03K 23/44 |
· · · | using field-effect transistors [4]

|  | H03K 23/46 |
· · · | using charge transfer devices, i.e. bucket brigade or charge coupled devices [4]

|  | H03K 23/48 |
· · | with a base or radix other than a power of two (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/42 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/50 |
· · | using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/42-H03K 23/48 take precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/52 |
· · · | using field-effect transistors [4]

|  | H03K 23/54 |
· · · | Ring counters, i.e. feedback shift register counters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/52 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/56 |
· · · | Reversible counters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/52 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/58 |
· | Gating or clocking signals not applied to all stages, i.e. asynchronous counters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/74-H03K 23/84 take precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/60 |
· · | with field-effect transistors [4]

|  | H03K 23/62 |
· · | reversible [4]

|  | H03K 23/64 |
· | with a base or radix other than a power of two (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/40-H03K 23/62 take precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/66 |
· · | with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses [4]

|  | H03K 23/68 |
· · | with a base which is a non-integer [4]

|  | H03K 23/70 |
· · | with a base which is an odd number (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/66 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/72 |
· · | Decade counters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/66 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H03K 23/74 |
· | using relays [4]

|  | H03K 23/76 |
· | using magnetic cores or ferro-electric capacitors [4]

|  | H03K 23/78 |
· | using opto-electronic devices [4]

|  | H03K 23/80 |
· | using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode [4]

|  | H03K 23/82 |
· | using gas-filled tubes [4]

|  | H03K 23/84 |
· | using thyristors or unijunction transistors [4]

|  | H03K 23/86 |
· | reversible (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/40-H03K 23/84 take precedence) [4]

P:60 |  | H03K 25/00 |
Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 25/02 |
· | comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis

|  | H03K 25/04 |
· · | using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses [4]

|  | H03K 25/12 |
· | comprising hysteresis storage

P:80 |  | H03K 27/00 |
Pulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers (feedback shift register counters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/54) [4]

P:50 |  | H03K 29/00 |
Pulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 29/04 |
· | using multi-cathode gas discharge tubes [4]

|  | H03K 29/06 |
· | using beam-type tubes, e.g. magnetrons, cathode-ray tubes [4]