|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H01 |
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

|  | H01 |
Note(s) Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]

|  | H01T |
SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES (working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23H; welding, e.g. arc welding, electron beam welding or electrolytic welding, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 17/00; electric arc lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 31/00)

|  | H01T |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "spark gaps" means enclosed or non-enclosed discharge device having cold electrodes and used exclusively to discharge a quantity of electrical energy in a small time duration. [4]

|  | H01T |
Subclass index
SPARK GAPS |
Rotary | 7/00
Comprising auxiliary triggering means | 2/00
Special adaptations: for oscillations; for rectifiers | 9/00; 11/00
Overvoltage arresters; arcing horns | 4/00
Other spark gaps | 14/00
Details | 1/00
SPARKING PLUGS | 13/00
CIRCUITS | 15/00
DEVICES FOR CORONA DISCHARGE | 19/00
MANUFACTURE, MAINTENANCE | 21/00
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING IONS | 23/00

P:80 |  | H01T 1/00 |
Details of spark gaps

|  | H01T 1/02 |
· | Means for extinguishing arc

|  | H01T 1/04 |
· · | using magnetic blow-out

|  | H01T 1/06 |
· · · | with permanent magnet

|  | H01T 1/08 |
· · | using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid

|  | H01T 1/10 |
· · · | with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc

|  | H01T 1/12 |
· | Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof

|  | H01T 1/14 |
· | Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 1/15, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 1/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 1/18 take precedence) [4]

|  | H01T 1/15 |
· | for protection against excessive pressure [4]

|  | H01T 1/16 |
· | Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap

|  | H01T 1/18 |
· | Electrolytic device structurally associated with spark gap

|  | H01T 1/20 |
· | Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap [3]

|  | H01T 1/22 |
· · | by the shape or the composition of the electrodes [4]

|  | H01T 1/24 |
· | Selection of materials for electrodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 1/22 takes precedence) [4]

P:10 |  | H01T 2/00 |
Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means (triggering circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 15/00) [4]

|  | H01T 2/02 |
· | comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap [4]

P:30 |  | H01T 4/00 |
Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 2/00 takes precedence; overvoltage protection circuits using spark gaps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 9/06) [4]

|  | H01T 4/02 |
· | Details (of spark gaps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 1/00) [4]

|  | H01T 4/04 |
· | Housings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 4/06 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01T 4/06 |
· | Mounting arrangements for a plurality of overvoltage arresters [4]

|  | H01T 4/08 |
· | structurally associated with protected apparatus (with switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 9/14; with fuses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 85/44) [4]

|  | H01T 4/10 |
· | having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel (sparking-plugs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 13/00) [4]

|  | H01T 4/12 |
· · | hermetically sealed [4]

|  | H01T 4/14 |
· · | Arcing horns (associated with insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/46) [4]

|  | H01T 4/16 |
· | having a plurality of gaps arranged in series [4]

|  | H01T 4/18 |
· · | Arrangements for reducing height of stacked spark gaps [4]

|  | H01T 4/20 |
· · | Arrangements for improving potential distribution [4]

P:60 |  | H01T 7/00 |
Rotary spark gaps, i.e. devices having one or more rotating electrodes

P:40 |  | H01T 9/00 |
Spark gaps specially adapted for generating oscillations

P:50 |  | H01T 11/00 |
Spark gaps specially adapted as rectifiers

P:20 |  | H01T 13/00 |
Sparking-plugs (testing sparking-plugs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M 19/02)

|  | H01T 13/02 |
· | Details

|  | H01T 13/04 |
· · | Means providing electrical connection to sparking plug (electric connections in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R)

|  | H01T 13/05 |
· · · | combined with interference suppressing or shielding means [4]

|  | H01T 13/06 |
· · | Covers forming a part of the plug and protecting it against adverse environment

|  | H01T 13/08 |
· · | Mounting, fixing, or sealing of sparking plugs, e.g. in combustion chamber

|  | H01T 13/10 |
· · · | by bayonet-type connection

|  | H01T 13/12 |
· · | Means on sparking plugs for facilitating engagement by tool or by hand

|  | H01T 13/14 |
· · | Means for self-cleaning

|  | H01T 13/16 |
· · | Means for dissipating heat

|  | H01T 13/18 |
· · | Means for heating, e.g. for drying

|  | H01T 13/20 |
· | characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation

|  | H01T 13/22 |
· · | having two or more electrodes embedded in insulation (for two or more sparks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 13/46)

|  | H01T 13/24 |
· · | having movable electrodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 13/28 takes precedence)

|  | H01T 13/26 |
· · · | for adjusting spark gap otherwise than by bending of electrode

|  | H01T 13/28 |
· · | having spherically shaped electrodes, e.g. ball-shaped

|  | H01T 13/30 |
· · · | mounted so as to permit free movement

|  | H01T 13/32 |
· · | characterised by features of the earthed electrode

|  | H01T 13/34 |
· · | characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding

|  | H01T 13/36 |
· · | characterised by the joint between insulation and body, e.g. using cement

|  | H01T 13/38 |
· · | Selection of materials for insulation (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/00)

|  | H01T 13/39 |
· · | Selection of materials for electrodes [4]

|  | H01T 13/40 |
· | structurally combined with other devices (combined or associated with fuel injectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M 57/06; structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P 13/00)

|  | H01T 13/41 |
· · | with interference suppressing or shielding means [4]

|  | H01T 13/42 |
· · | with magnetic spark generators

|  | H01T 13/44 |
· · | with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition

|  | H01T 13/46 |
· | having two or more spark gaps

|  | H01T 13/48 |
· | having means for rendering sparks visible

|  | H01T 13/50 |
· | having means for ionisation of gap (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 13/52 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01T 13/52 |
· | characterised by a discharge along a surface

|  | H01T 13/54 |
· | having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber

|  | H01T 13/56 |
· | characterised by having component parts which are easily assembled or disassembled

P:70 |  | H01T 14/00 |
Spark gaps not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 2/00-H01T 13/00 (devices providing for corona discharge Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 19/00) [4]

P:0 |  | H01T 15/00 |
Circuits specially adapted for spark gaps, e.g. ignition circuits (ignition circuits for internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P; electric spark ignition for combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; protection circuits using spark gaps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 9/06) [4]

P:110 |  | H01T 19/00 |
Devices providing for corona discharge (for charging electrographic elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G 15/02) [4]

|  | H01T 19/02 |
· | Corona rings

|  | H01T 19/04 |
· | having pointed electrodes

P:90 |  | H01T 21/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs

|  | H01T 21/02 |
· | of sparking plugs

|  | H01T 21/04 |
· · | Cleaning (abrasive blasting devices for cleaning sparking-plugs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24C 3/34)

|  | H01T 21/06 |
· | Adjustment of spark gaps (sparking-plugs having movable electrodes for adjusting the gap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 13/26) [4]

P:100 |  | H01T 23/00 |
Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere (discharge tubes with provision for emergence of ions from the vessel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 33/00; generating plasma Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05H) [4]