|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G09 |
EDUCATING; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS

|  | G09B |
EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/16; games, sports, amusements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63; projectors, projector screens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B)

|  | G09B |
Note(s) This subclass covers: simulators regarded as teaching or training devices, which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him; models of buildings, installations, or the like. This subclass does not cover: simulators which merely demonstrate or illustrate the function of an apparatus or of a system by means involving computing, and therefore cannot be regarded as teaching or training devices. Such simulators are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06, if no provision exists elsewhere; components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclasses for these devices or machines (and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09).

|  | G09B |
Subclass index
TEACHING EQUIPMENT IN GENERAL |
General principle of operation |
manual or mechanical | 1/00, 3/00
electrical | 5/00, 7/00
operating by question and answer | 3/00, 7/00
Simulators | 9/00
TEACHING EQUIPMENT FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES |
For writing, shorthand, drawing, painting; for typing | 11/00; 13/00
For music; for reading | 15/00; 17/00
Models for scientific or technical training | 23/00, 25/00
Planetaria, globes; maps, diagrams | 27/00; 29/00
Other teaching equipment | 19/00
TEACHING, AND COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND OR DEAF | 21/00

P:90 |  | G09B 1/00 |
Manually- or mechanically-operated educational appliances using elements forming or bearing symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways (puzzle-games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 9/00; advertising or displaying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F)

|  | G09B 1/02 |
· | and having a support carrying or adapted to carry the elements

|  | G09B 1/04 |
· · | the elements each bearing a single symbol or a single combination of symbols

|  | G09B 1/06 |
· · · | and being attachable to, or mounted on, the support

|  | G09B 1/08 |
· · · · | by means of magnets

|  | G09B 1/10 |
· · · · | by means of pins and holes

|  | G09B 1/12 |
· · · · | by means of ring-like securing elements (sheets temporarily attached together by rings or coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F 5/00)

|  | G09B 1/14 |
· · · · | the elements being slidably mounted on the support

|  | G09B 1/16 |
· · | the elements each bearing a plurality of different symbols, signs, or combinations of symbols and signs, only one symbol, sign, or combination thereof, of each element to be used at a time

|  | G09B 1/18 |
· · · | the elements being rotatable

|  | G09B 1/20 |
· · · · | and bearing the symbols on a surface parallel to the axis of rotation

|  | G09B 1/22 |
· · · · | and bearing the symbols on a surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation

|  | G09B 1/24 |
· · · | the elements being in flexible-strip form, e.g. endless bands

|  | G09B 1/26 |
· · · | the elements being arranged in fan form

|  | G09B 1/28 |
· · · | the elements being slidable

|  | G09B 1/30 |
· · | wherein the elements are adapted to be arranged in co-operation with the support to form symbols (without special support Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 1/40)

|  | G09B 1/32 |
· | comprising elements to be used without a special support

|  | G09B 1/34 |
· · | the elements to be placed loosely in adjacent relationship

|  | G09B 1/36 |
· · | the elements being connectible by corresponding projections and recesses

|  | G09B 1/38 |
· · | the elements being connectible magnetically

|  | G09B 1/40 |
· · | to form symbols or signs by appropriate arrangement

P:80 |  | G09B 3/00 |
Manually- or mechanically-operated teaching appliances working with questions and answers (electrically-operated Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 7/00; advertising or displaying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F)

|  | G09B 3/02 |
· | of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by the student

|  | G09B 3/04 |
· · | of chart form (masks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 17/02)

|  | G09B 3/06 |
· | of the multiple-choice answer type, i.e. where a given question is provided with a series of answers and a choice has to be made

|  | G09B 3/08 |
· · | of chart form (having one set of answers common to a plurality of questions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 3/12)

|  | G09B 3/10 |
· · | wherein one set of answers is common to a plurality of questions

|  | G09B 3/12 |
· · · | of chart form

P:70 |  | G09B 5/00 |
Electrically-operated educational appliances (working with questions and answers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 7/00; simulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/00; advertising or displaying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F) [2]

|  | G09B 5/02 - G09B 5/06 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/08 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/02-G09B 5/06. [2]

|  | G09B 5/02 |
· | with visual presentation of the material to be studied, e.g. using film strip

|  | G09B 5/04 |
· | with audible presentation of the material to be studied (reading and recognising printed or written characters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00; sound-recording or reproducing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | G09B 5/06 |
· | with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied

|  | G09B 5/08 |
· | providing for individual presentation of information to a plurality of student stations [2]

|  | G09B 5/10 |
· · | all student stations being capable of presenting the same information simultaneously (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/14 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G09B 5/12 |
· · | different stations being capable of presenting different information simultaneously (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/14 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G09B 5/14 |
· · | with provision for individual teacher-student communication [2]

P:60 |  | G09B 7/00 |
Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers (mechanically- operated Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 3/00; computing arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F)

|  | G09B 7/02 |
· | of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by the student

|  | G09B 7/04 |
· · | characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying a further explanation

|  | G09B 7/06 |
· | of the multiple-choice answer type, i.e. where a given question is provided with a series of answers and a choice has to be made from the answers

|  | G09B 7/07 |
· · | providing for individual presentation of questions to a plurality of student stations [2]

|  | G09B 7/073 |
· · · | all student stations being capable of presenting the same questions simultaneously [2]

|  | G09B 7/077 |
· · · | different stations being capable of presenting different questions simultaneously [2]

|  | G09B 7/08 |
· · | characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying further information

|  | G09B 7/10 |
· · | wherein a set of answers is common to a plurality of questions

|  | G09B 7/12 |
· · · | characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying further information

P:10 |  | G09B 9/00 |
Simulators for teaching or training purposes (for the use of weapons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F41; computing aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G09B 9/02 |
· | for teaching control of vehicles or other craft

|  | G09B 9/04 |
· · | for teaching control of land vehicles

|  | G09B 9/042 |
· · · | providing simulation in a real vehicle (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/052, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/058 take precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/048 |
· · · | a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/052, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/058 take precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/05 |
· · · | the view from a vehicle being simulated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/052, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/058 take precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/052 |
· · · | characterised by provision for recording or measuring trainee's performance (devices for psychotechnics, e.g. for vehicle drivers, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/18) [5]

|  | G09B 9/058 |
· · · | for teaching control of cycles or motocycles [5]

|  | G09B 9/06 |
· · | for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehicles [2]

|  | G09B 9/08 |
· · | for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer

|  | G09B 9/10 |
· · · | with simulated flight- or engine-generated force being applied to aircraft occupant (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/28 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/12 |
· · · | Motion systems for aircraft simulators [5]

|  | G09B 9/14 |
· · · · | controlled by fluid actuated piston or cylinder ram [5]

|  | G09B 9/16 |
· · · | Ambient or aircraft conditions simulated or indicated by instrument or alarm [5]

|  | G09B 9/18 |
· · · · | Condition of engine or fuel supply [5]

|  | G09B 9/20 |
· · · · | Simulation or indication of aircraft attitude [5]

|  | G09B 9/22 |
· · · | including aircraft sound simulation [5]

|  | G09B 9/24 |
· · · | including display or recording of simulated flight path [5]

|  | G09B 9/26 |
· · · | Simulation of radio-navigation [5]

|  | G09B 9/28 |
· · · | Simulation of stick forces or the like [5]

|  | G09B 9/30 |
· · · | Simulation of view from aircraft [5]

|  | G09B 9/32 |
· · · · | by projected image (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/36 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/34 |
· · · · | by cathode-ray screen display (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/36 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/36 |
· · · · | Simulation of night or reduced visibility flight [5]

|  | G09B 9/38 |
· · · · · | Simulation of runway outlining or approach lights [5]

|  | G09B 9/40 |
· · · | Simulation of airborne radar [5]

|  | G09B 9/42 |
· · · | Aircraft, aircraft simulator, or means connected thereto, travelling on the ground or water during simulated flight training [5]

|  | G09B 9/44 |
· · · | providing simulation in a real aircraft flying through the atmosphere without restriction of its path [5]

|  | G09B 9/46 |
· · · | the aircraft being a helicopter [5]

|  | G09B 9/46 |
Note(s) When classifying in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/46, classification is also made in other appropriate subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/08, if of interest. [5]

|  | G09B 9/48 |
· · · | a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote point [5]

|  | G09B 9/50 |
· · · | Automatically directing the course of the aircraft [5]

|  | G09B 9/52 |
· · | for teaching control of an outer space vehicle [5]

|  | G09B 9/54 |
· | Simulation of radar (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/40 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G09B 9/56 |
· | Simulation of sonar [5]

P:20 |  | G09B 11/00 |
Teaching hand-writing, shorthand, drawing, or painting

|  | G09B 11/02 |
· | Finger, hand, or arm supporting devices

|  | G09B 11/04 |
· | Guide sheets or plates; Tracing charts (templets for drawing purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43L 13/20)

|  | G09B 11/06 |
· | Devices involving the use of transparent or translucent tracing material, e.g. copy books

|  | G09B 11/08 |
· | Teaching shorthand

|  | G09B 11/10 |
· | Teaching painting

P:30 |  | G09B 13/00 |
Teaching typing

|  | G09B 13/02 |
· | Dummy practice keyboard apparatus (for teaching music Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 15/08)

|  | G09B 13/04 |
· | Devices used in association with a real typewriter, teleprinter, or the like

P:40 |  | G09B 15/00 |
Teaching music (metronomes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04F 5/02)

|  | G09B 15/02 |
· | Boards or like means for providing an indication of notes

|  | G09B 15/04 |
· · | with sound-emitters

|  | G09B 15/06 |
· | Devices for exercising or strengthening fingers or arms; Devices for holding fingers or arms in a proper position for playing (for teaching typing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 13/00; exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles for physical training Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 23/00)

|  | G09B 15/08 |
· | Practice keyboards (for teaching typing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 13/02)

P:50 |  | G09B 17/00 |
Teaching reading (teaching lip-reading Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 21/06)

|  | G09B 17/02 |
· | Line indicators or other guides or masks

|  | G09B 17/04 |
· | for increasing the rate of reading; Reading rate control

P:140 |  | G09B 19/00 |
Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass (teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F41G 3/26)

|  | G09B 19/02 |
· | Counting; Calculating (abacus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C 1/00)

|  | G09B 19/04 |
· | Speaking (with audible presentation of the material to be studied Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/04)

|  | G09B 19/06 |
· | Foreign languages (with audible presentation of the material to be studied Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/04)

|  | G09B 19/08 |
· · | Printed or written appliances, e.g. textbooks, bilingual letter assemblies, charts

|  | G09B 19/10 |
· | Modelling

|  | G09B 19/12 |
· | Clock-reading

|  | G09B 19/14 |
· | Traffic procedures, e.g. traffic regulations

|  | G09B 19/16 |
· | Control of vehicles or other craft (simulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 9/02)

|  | G09B 19/18 |
· | Book-keeping or economics

|  | G09B 19/20 |
· | Needlework

|  | G09B 19/22 |
· | Games, e.g. card games

|  | G09B 19/24 |
· | Use of tools

|  | G09B 19/26 |
· | Dot-and-dash telegraph codes [2]

P:0 |  | G09B 21/00 |
Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute (audible presentation of material to be studied Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 5/04; devices or methods for replacing direct visual or auditory perception by another kind of perception Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 9/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 11/04; audible indication of meter readings or of colour Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 7/12; watches for blind persons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 25/02; methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00; speech analysis, speech recognition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L; sound-recording or reproducing, per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B) [2,4]

|  | G09B 21/02 |
· | Devices for Braille writing (typewriters for Braille Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 3/32)

|  | G09B 21/04 |
· | Devices for conversing with the deaf-blind

|  | G09B 21/06 |
· | Devices for teaching lip-reading

P:100 |  | G09B 23/00 |
Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized device for demonstration purposes (in the nature of toys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H)

|  | G09B 23/02 |
· | for mathematics (for statics or dynamics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 23/08)

|  | G09B 23/04 |
· · | for geometry, trigonometry, projection, or perspective (for surveying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 25/06)

|  | G09B 23/06 |
· | for physics

|  | G09B 23/08 |
· · | for statics or dynamics

|  | G09B 23/10 |
· · · | of solid bodies

|  | G09B 23/12 |
· · · | of liquids or gases

|  | G09B 23/14 |
· · | for acoustics

|  | G09B 23/16 |
· · | for science of heat

|  | G09B 23/18 |
· · | for electricity or magnetism

|  | G09B 23/20 |
· · | for atomic physics or nucleonics

|  | G09B 23/22 |
· · | for optics

|  | G09B 23/24 |
· | for chemistry

|  | G09B 23/26 |
· | for molecular structures; for crystallography

|  | G09B 23/28 |
· | for medicine

|  | G09B 23/30 |
· · | Anatomical models (dental articulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 11/00)

|  | G09B 23/32 |
· · · | with moving parts

|  | G09B 23/34 |
· · · | with removable parts

|  | G09B 23/36 |
· | for zoology

|  | G09B 23/38 |
· | for botany

|  | G09B 23/40 |
· | for geology

P:110 |  | G09B 25/00 |
Models for purposes not provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes (model vehicles, tracks therefor, models in the nature of toys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H)

|  | G09B 25/02 |
· | of industrial processes; of machinery

|  | G09B 25/04 |
· | of buildings

|  | G09B 25/06 |
· | for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models (globes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 27/00; maps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 29/00)

|  | G09B 25/08 |
· | of scenic effects, e.g. trees, rocks, water surfaces (for stage purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63J 1/00)

P:120 |  | G09B 27/00 |
Planetaria; Globes

|  | G09B 27/02 |
· | Tellurions; Orreries

|  | G09B 27/04 |
· | Star maps

|  | G09B 27/06 |
· | Celestial globes

|  | G09B 27/08 |
· | Globes (celestial globes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 27/06)

P:130 |  | G09B 29/00 |
Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram (star maps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 27/04; devices for holding or supporting maps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 97/02; for computing purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 1/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 1/16; display boards Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F)

|  | G09B 29/02 |
· | sectional

|  | G09B 29/04 |
· · | the sections being arranged in the form of a foldable sheet or sheets

|  | G09B 29/06 |
· | of belt form, e.g. endless belt

|  | G09B 29/08 |
· | Hanging maps or the like

|  | G09B 29/10 |
· | Map spot or co-ordinate position indicators; Map-reading aids (optical projection apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B)

|  | G09B 29/12 |
· | Relief maps (relief models Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 25/06)

|  | G09B 29/14 |
· | Local-time charts