|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C09 |
DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | C09B |
ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LAKES (fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P)

|  | C09B |
Note(s) In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]

|  | C09B |
Subclass index
ANTHRACENE DYES | 1/00, 3/00, 5/00, 6/00, 9/02
AZO DYES |
Prepared by diazotising and coupling |
Monoazo dyes | 29/00
Disazo and polyazo dyes | 31/00, 33/00, 35/00
by coupling the diazoted amine with itself | 37/00
Other azo dyes | 39/00
Special methods of performing the coupling reaction | 41/00
Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds | 43/00
Preparation other than by diazotising and coupling | 27/00
Compounds containing onium groups | 44/00
Complex metal compounds | 45/00
Compounds containing other chromophoric systems | 56/00
Other azo dyes | 46/00
INDIGOID; DIARYL AND TRIARYL METHANE; OXYKETONE DYES | 7/00, 9/04; 11/00; 13/00
ACRIDINE, AZINE, OXAZINE, THIAZINE DYES | 15/00 - 21/00
QUINOLINE AND POLYMETHINE DYES | 23/00, 25/00
HYDRAZONE, TRIAZENE DYES | 26/00
PORPHYRINS, PORPHYRAZINS; SULFUR DYES | 47/00; 49/00
QUINACRIDONES | 48/00
FORMAZANE DYES; NITRO AND NITROSO DYES; QUINONE IMIDES; AZOMETHINE DYES | 50/00; 51/00; 53/00; 55/00
OTHER SYNTHETIC DYES | 57/00, 59/00
DYES OF NATURAL ORIGIN | 61/00
REACTIVE DYES | 62/00
LAKES; MORDANTS; DYESTUFF PREPARATIONS | 63/00; 65/00; 67/00
OTHER DYES | 69/00

|  | C09C |
TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES (preparation of inorganic compounds or non-metallic elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 14/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 18/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 20/00); PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK [4]

|  | C09C |
Note(s) In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C09D |
COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES, LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D; staining wood Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K 5/02; organic macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes, mordants or lakes, per se, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09B; treatment of inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers used as pigments or fillers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09G; preparation of glue or gelatine Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09H; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D; textile-treating compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06; paper-making Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21; conductors, insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B) [5]

|  | C09D |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "use of materials for coating compositions" means the use of known or new polymers or products; "rubber" includes: natural or conjugated diene rubbers; rubber in general (for a specific rubber, other than a natural rubber or a conjugated diene rubber, see the group provided for coating compositions based on such macromolecular compounds); "based on" is defined by means of Note (3), below; "filling pastes" means materials used to fill up the holes or cavities of a substrate in order to smooth its surface prior to coating. [5] In this subclass, coating compositions, containing specific organic macromolecular substances are classified only according to the macromolecular substance, non-macromolecular substances not being taken into account. Example: a coating composition containing polyethene and amino-propyltrimethoxysilane is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 123/06. However, coating compositions containing combinations of organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond with prepolymers or polymers other than unsaturated polymers of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 159/00-C09D 187/00 are classified according to the unsaturated non-macromolecular component in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 4/00. Example: a coating composition containing polyethene and styrene monomer is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 4/00. Aspects relating to the physical nature of the coating compositions or to the effects produced, as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 5/00, if clearly and explicitly stated, are also classified in this subclass. Coating compositions characterised by other features, e.g. additives, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 7/00, unless the macromolecular constituent is specified. [5] In this subclass, coating compositions comprising two or more macromolecular constituents are classified according to the macromolecular constituent or constituents present in the highest proportion, i.e. the constituent on which the composition is based. If the composition is based on two or more constituents, present in equal proportions, the composition is classified according to each of these constituents. Example: a coating composition containing 80 parts of polyethene and 20 parts of polyvinylchloride is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 123/06. A coating composition containing 40 parts of polyethene and 40 parts of polyvinylchloride is classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 123/06 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 127/06. [5]

|  | C09D |
Subclass index
COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES, LACQUERS |
Based on inorganic substances | 1/00
Based on organic macromolecular substances | 101/00 - 201/00
Based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond | 4/00
Physical nature or effects produced, including use as filling pastes | 5/00
Other features | 7/00
INKS | 11/00
WOODSTAINS | 15/00
CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS | 9/00
CORRECTING FLUIDS | 10/00
PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING |
Pencil-leads; crayon compositions; chalk compositions | 13/00
Pigment pastes | 17/00

|  | C09F |
NATURAL RESINS; FRENCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; DRIERS (SICCATIVES); TURPENTINE

|  | C09G |
POLISHING COMPOSITIONS OTHER THAN FRENCH POLISH; SKI WAXES

|  | C09H |
PREPARATION OF GLUE OR GELATINE

|  | C09H |
Note(s) Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]

|  | C09J |
ADHESIVES; ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL (NON-MECHANICAL PART); ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES (surgical adhesives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L 24/00; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D; adhesives on the basis of non specified organic macromolecular compounds used as bonding agents in layered products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; organic macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; production of multi-layer textile fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06M 17/00) [5]

|  | C09J |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "use of materials as adhesives" means the use of known or new polymers or products; "rubber" includes: natural or conjugated diene rubbers; rubber in general (for a specific rubber, other than a natural rubber or a conjugated diene rubber, see the group provided for adhesives based on such macromolecular compounds); "based on" is defined by means of Note (3), below. [5] In this subclass, adhesives containing specific organic macromolecular substances are classified only according to the macromolecular substance, non-macromolecular substances not being taken into account. Example: an adhesive containing polyethene and amino-propyltrimethoxysilane is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 123/06. However, adhesives containing combinations of organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond with prepolymers or polymers other than unsaturated polymers of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 159/00-C09J 187/00 are classified according to the unsaturated non-macromolecular component in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 4/00. Example: an adhesive containing polyethene and styrene monomer is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 4/00. Aspects relating to the physical nature of the adhesives or to the effects produced, as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 9/00, if clearly and explicitly stated, are also classified in this subclass. Adhesives characterised by other features, e.g. additives, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 11/00, unless the macromolecular constituent is specified. [5] In this subclass, adhesives comprising two or more macromolecular constituents are classified according to the macromolecular constituent or constituents present in the highest proportion, i.e. the constituent on which the adhesive is based. If the adhesive is based on two or more constituents, present in equal proportions, the adhesive is classified according to each of these constituents. Example: an adhesive containing 80 parts of polyethene and 20 parts of polyvinylchloride is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 123/06. An adhesive containing 40 parts of polyethene and 40 parts of polyvinylchloride is classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 123/06 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 127/06. [5] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 101/00-C09J 201/00, any macromolecular constituent of an adhesive composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (3) after the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J, and the use of which is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in a group chosen from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 101/00-C09J 201/00. [8] Any macromolecular constituent of an adhesive composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (3) or (4) after the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in a group chosen from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09J 101/00-C09J 201/00. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of adhesive compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]

|  | C09J |
Subclass index
ADHESIVES |
Based on inorganic constituents | 1/00
Based on organic macromolecular constituents | 101/00 - 201/00
Based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond | 4/00
Physical nature or effects produced | 9/00
Other features, e.g. additives | 11/00
ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE | 5/00
ADHESIVES IN THE FORM OF FILMS OR FOILS | 7/00

|  | C09K |
MATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | C09K |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the use of specified materials in general or their use for the applications not specifically provided for elsewhere. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "materials" includes compositions. [4]