|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G03 |
PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY (reproduction of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N) [4]

|  | G03 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated: "records" means photographs or any other kind of latent, directly-visible or permanent storage of pictorial information, which consist of an imagewise distribution of a quantity, e.g. an electric charge pattern, recorded on a carrier member; "optical" applies not only to visible light but also to ultra-violet or infra-red radiations. [4]

|  | G03B |
APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (optical parts of such apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03D) [4]

|  | G03B |
Note(s) This subclass covers, as far as processes are concerned, only processes characterised by the use or manipulation of apparatus classifiable per se in this subclass.

|  | G03B |
Subclass index
DETAILS |
Common to at least two of cameras, projectors and printers | 1/00 - 5/00
Common to cameras only |
exposure, control thereof | 7/00, 9/00
viewfinders, focusing aids | 13/00
filters; constructional details, accessories | 11/00; 17/00
special procedures for taking photographs | 15/00
Common to projectors only | 21/00, 23/00
Common to printers only | 27/00
APPARATUS |
Cameras | 19/00
Projectors, viewers; devices for changing pictures | 21/00, 25/00; 23/00
Printing apparatus | 27/00
Combinations with other apparatus | 29/00
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES |
Associated working with sound apparatus | 31/00
Colour photography; stereoscopic photography; panoramic photography; high-speed photography | 33/00; 35/00; 37/00; 39/00
Other techniques | 41/00
Using waves other than optical waves, visualisation | 42/00
TESTING | 43/00

|  | G03C |
PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES (for photomechanical purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F); PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY (photographic processes characterised by the use or manipulation of apparatus classifiable per se in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B; photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F; electrography, electrophotography, magnetography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | G03C |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "photosensitive compositions" covers photosensitive substances, e.g. silver halides, and, if applicable, binders or additives; "photosensitive materials" covers the photosensitive compositions, e.g. emulsions, the bases carrying them, and, if applicable, auxiliary layers. [5]

|  | G03C |
Subclass index
PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES |
General | 5/00, 11/00
For colour photography | 7/00
For diffusion transfer processes | 8/00
For stereo-photography and the like | 9/00
PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND MATERIALS | 1/00
PACKAGING | 3/00

|  | G03D |
APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS (apparatus specially adapted for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; electrographic, electrophotographic, or magnetographic methods or apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | G03D |
Subclass index
APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED MATERIAL |
Liquid; gas; diffusion processing apparatus | 3/00, 5/00; 7/00; 9/00
Reversal processing apparatus | 11/00
Other apparatus and accessories | 13/00
APPARATUS FOR TREATING PROCESSED MATERIAL | 15/00
DARK-ROOMS | 17/00

|  | G03F |
PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR (phototypographic composing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; electrography, sensitive layers or processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | G03F |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "photosensitive" means not only sensitive of electromagnetic radiation but also to corpuscular radiation; "photosensitive compositions" covers photosensitive substances, e.g. quinonediazides, and, if applicable, binders or additives; "photosensitive materials" covers the photosensitive compositions, e.g. photoresists, the bases carrying them and, if applicable, auxiliary layers. [5]

|  | G03G |
ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY (information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; static stores with means for writing-in or reading-out information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C; recording of television signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/76)

|  | G03G |
Note(s) This subclass covers: the production of permanent directly-visible pictures in conformity with an original picture or document, using an intermediate imagewise distribution of an electric or magnetic quantity, such as a charge pattern, an electric conductivity pattern, or a magnetic pattern; the production of permanent directly-visible pictures using an intermediate imagewise distribution of an electric or magnetic quantity, when the origin and the way of generating said intermediate distribution are not relevant. This subclass does not cover: use of electric signals for the transmission of the picture information from the original to the reproduction, i.e. pictorial communication, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N; production of pictures by heat patterns exclusively, not using an electrostatic or magnetic pattern, which is covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41M 5/00; production of prints by transferring ink from a printing form to a printing surface, without physical contact and using the force of an electrostatic field, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41M; selective printing mechanisms characterised by the selective supply of electric current, or the selective application of magnetism or radiation, to a printing material or impression-transfer material, which are covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 2/385, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 2/435. [5]

|  | G03G |
Subclass index
ORIGINAL RECORDING, MEMBERS AND MATERIALS | 5/00, 7/00, 9/00
ELECTROGRAPHIC PROCESSES AND APPARATUS |
Using a charge pattern | 13/00, 15/00
Using patterns other than charge patterns | 17/00
Using deformation of thermoplastic layers | 16/00
PROCESSES AND APPARATUS USING MAGNETIC PATTERNS | 19/00
DETAILS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR | 8/00, 11/00, 21/00

|  | G03H |
HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS (holograms, e.g. point holograms, used as ordinary optical elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 5/32; producing stereoscopic or other three-dimensional effects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/22; diffraction-grating systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/44; systems using moire fringes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/60; optical logic elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 3/00; stereo-photography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 35/00; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03D; analogue computers performing mathematical operations with the aid of optical elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06E 3/00; authentication, by radiation, of concealed information carried by holograms or diffraction gratings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 19/16; holographic storage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/0065, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 13/04) [2]

|  | G03H |
Note(s) This subclass covers means for producing a record of the phase and amplitude information of a wave-front, which information can be used to reconstruct the original wave-front, or means to reconstruct the original wave-front from a record containing the phase and amplitude information of the wave-front. [2]