|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SEPARATING; MIXING

|  | B01 - B07 |
Note(s) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. In this sub-section, the separation of different materials, e.g. of different matter, size, or state, is predominantly found in the following subclasses: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. The classifying characteristics of these subclasses are: the physical state of the matter to be separated; the principle of the process used; particular kinds of apparatus. The first of these characteristics involves six different aspects, assembled in three groups: liquid/liquid or liquid/gas and gas/gas; solid/liquid or solid/gas; solid/solid. These subclasses are to be used according to the following general rules: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D is the most general class as far as separation other than solids from solids is concerned. Apparatus for separating solids from solids are covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B when the process concerned is regarded as the equivalent of "washing" in the sense of the mining art, even if such apparatus is a pneumatic one, especially pneumatic tables or jigs. Screens per se are not covered by this subclass but are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, even if they are being used in a wet process. All other apparatus for the separation of solids from solids according to dry methods are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B. If the separation takes place as a result of the detection or measurement of some feature of the material or articles to be sorted it is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. It should also be noted that the separation of isotopes of the same chemical element is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00, whatever process or apparatus is employed.

|  | B01 - B07 |
Subsection index
LIQUID/LIQUID, LIQUID/GAS OR GAS/GAS SEPARATION |
Method |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
Apparatus |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
SOLID/LIQUID OR SOLID/GAS SEPARATION |
Method |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force | B01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
Apparatus |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force | B01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
SOLID/SOLID SEPARATION |
Method |
Dry methods |
material in bulk | B07B
Individual sorting | B07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting | B07B
using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
by centrifugal force | B07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B07B
Wet methods |
General operations | B03B
flotation, differential sedimentation | B03D
screening | B07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methods | B03B
Apparatus |
Dry methods |
material in bulk | B07B
Individual sorting | B07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting | B07B
using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
by centrifugal force | B07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
Wet methods |
General operations | B03B
flotation, differential sedimentation | B03D
screening | B07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methods | B03B

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B02 |
CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING

|  | B03 |
SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS (separating isotopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00; crushing or disintegrating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B02C; centrifuges or vortex apparatus for carrying out physical processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04) [5]

|  | B04 |
CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES

|  | B04 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the Notes following the subsection title "SEPARATING; MIXING". [4]

|  | B05 |
SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (domestic cleaning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47L; cleaning in general by methods essentially involving the use or presence of liquid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 3/00; sand-blasting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24C; coating of articles during shaping of substances in a plastic state Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 39/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 39/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 41/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 41/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 43/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 43/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 45/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 47/02; for further classification of forming layered products, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; printing, copying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41; conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/02; handling webs or filaments in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H; surface treatment of glass by coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 25/10; coating or impregnation of mortars, concrete, stone or ceramics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 41/45, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 41/61, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 41/81; paints, varnishes, lacquers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D; enamelling of metals, applying a vitreous layer to metals, chemical cleaning or de-greasing of metallic objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23; electroplating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D; treating of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06B; laundering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06F; treating roads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C; apparatus or processes for the preparation or treatment of photosensitive materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03; apparatus or processes, restricted to a purpose fully provided for in a single other class, see the relevant class covering the purpose) [2]

|  | B05 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "other fluent materials" includes semiliquids, pastes, melts, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, particulate materials, gases or vapours; [2] "particulate materials" includes powders, granules, short fibres or chips; [2] "coating" means the materials applied. The coating may be a liquid having become solid after drying, e.g. paint. [2]

|  | B06 |
GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL

|  | B07 |
SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING (separation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; wet separating processes, sorting by processes using fluent material in the same way as liquid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03; using liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D; sorting by magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high voltage electric fields Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C; centrifuges or vortex apparatus for carrying out physical processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04; sorting peculiar to particular materials or articles and provided for in other classes, see the relevant classes)

|  | B08 |
CLEANING

|  | B09 |
DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL (treatment of waste water, sewage or sludge Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F; treating radioactively contaminated solids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F 9/28) [3,6]

SHAPING

|  | B21 |
MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (casting, powder metallurgy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; shearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D; working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23H; soldering, welding, flame-cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; other working of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; punching sheet material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26F; processes for changing of physical properties of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22F; electroforming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 1/00)

|  | B21 |
Note(s) This class does not cover: combinations of operations covered by different subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; combinations of operations covered by any particular subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21 with operations covered by other classes, e.g. with operations involving removal of material, which are also covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, except that if the operations covered by the other classes are subsidiary to the operations properly covered by a single subclass of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21 the combination is classified in that subclass. Processes of a kind covered by this class but applied to non-metallic materials are classified in this class if they are applicable to metal and cannot be classified fully in another class.

|  | B22 |
CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) This class covers: operations not provided for in any other class; combinations of operations covered by different subclasses of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, which combinations are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single subclass; features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. The said subclass covers such features, in general, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features classified in the subclass for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to subclasses relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the subclasses in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "metal-working" covers the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise; "kind of operations" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding; "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe); "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe; "different machines" covers different forms of machines for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B24 |
GRINDING; POLISHING

|  | B24 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "grinding" is used in its most general sense to mean machining and covers, in particular, "corrective" operations.

|  | B25 |
HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS; WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT; MANIPULATORS

|  | B25 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "portable" includes suspension for easy manual handling, e.g. in connection with spring-suspended portable apparatus for use along assembly lines.

|  | B26 |
HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING

|  | B27 |
WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL

|  | B28 |
WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE

|  | B29 |
WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL (processing doughs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21C; working chocolate Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23G; casting of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; working cement, clay Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28; chemical aspects, see section C, particularly Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; working glass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B; candle making Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11C 5/02; making soap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 13/00; manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01F; manufacture of articles from cellulosic fibrous suspensions or from papier-mâche Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21J)

|  | B29 |
Note(s) This class does not cover the working of plastics sheet material in a manner analogous to the working of paper, which is covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31. [4] In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "plastics" means macromolecular compounds or compositions based on such compounds. In this class, the following rules apply: The working of plastics is, as far as possible, classified primarily according to the particular shaping technique used, e.g. in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C. [4] A product is not classified in this class unless it results from a technique which is covered by this class. Classification according to production of particular articles in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29D is restricted to: aspects which are characteristic for the production of a particular article, and not classifiable in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29B or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C; combined operations for making the particular article which are not fully classifiable in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C. [4]

|  | B29 - B29L |
Note(s) The codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29K are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C, or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29D so as to provide information concerning moulding materials or materials for reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts. [4] The codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29L are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C, so as to provide information concerning the articles produced by the techniques classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C. [4]

|  | B30 |
PRESSES

|  | B31 |
MAKING PAPER ARTICLES; WORKING PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; handling thin material, e.g. sheets, webs, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | B31 |
Note(s) This class covers subject matter restricted to adaptations or associations of handling sheets, webs, or blanks peculiar to paper-working, e.g. bag or box making, machinery. This class does not cover: making articles directly from paper pulp, which is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21J; handling sheets, webs, or blanks of wider applicability, irrespective of whether described or claimed only for paper-working machinery, which is regarded as being of a more comprehensive nature and is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "paper" covers material worked in a manner analogous to paper, e.g. plastics sheet materials, laminated materials or metal foils.

|  | B32 |
LAYERED PRODUCTS

PRINTING

|  | B41 |
PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS (reproduction or duplication of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N) [4]

|  | B42 |
BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER

|  | B43 |
WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES

|  | B44 |
DECORATIVE ARTS

|  | B44 |
Note(s) Any machine, apparatus, tool or process is classified in this class in so far as it produces an effect or mark meant to be judged by the eye and in so far as such machine, apparatus, tool or process is not provided for elsewhere. [4]

TRANSPORTING

|  | B60 |
VEHICLES IN GENERAL

|  | B60 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "vehicle" means all vehicles except those restricted to one of the following types of vehicles: rail vehicles, waterborne vessels, aircraft, space vehicles, hand carts, cycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and sledges, which are covered by the relevant subclasses of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61-B64. Thus the term "vehicle" includes: vehicular characteristics which are common to more than one of the above-listed types; certain characteristics restricted to automobiles, road or cross-country trailers. The following exceptions to the above should be noted: subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60B or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embrace all vehicle wheels and tyres, except wheels for roller skates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 17/22, wheels for model railway vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H 19/22, and special adaptations of wheels or tyres for aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C 25/36; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embraces the connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies in general, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L embraces certain electric equipment of all electrically-propelled vehicles; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60M embraces certain power supply equipment for, but external to, any kind of electrically-propelled vehicle; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R embraces safety belts or body harnesses used in all types of land vehicles; [4] subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60S relates to all kinds of vehicles, except the servicing of rail locomotives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61K 11/00, ground equipment for aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64F, or cleaning apparatus peculiar to waterborne vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 57/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 59/00; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T includes brake control systems of general applicability, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles. It also includes rail-vehicle power-brake systems and some other features of rail-vehicle brake systems.

|  | B61 |
RAILWAYS

|  | B61 |
Note(s) In this class, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "railway systems" covers: systems in which trains or individual passenger vehicles or load carriers run on, or are guided by, ground or elevated tracks defined by rails, ropes, cables, or other guiding elements for wheels, rollers, or sliding anti-friction devices (permanently attached to a continuous traction element Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 17/00); systems in which carriers or impellers for persons or loads are attached to, e.g. suspended from, a guided traction rope or cable which determines their path of movement (chain conveyers, scraper conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 19/00); power and free systems of either of the above types in which vehicles, load-carriers, or loads may be selectively coupled to, or uncoupled from, continuous traction members, e.g. cables, chains.

|  | B62 |
LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS

|  | B63 |
SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT

|  | B64 |
AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS

|  | B65 |
CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

|  | B66 |
HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING

|  | B67 |
OPENING OR CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING (nozzles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B; packaging liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B 3/00; pumps in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04; siphons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04F 10/00; valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; handling liquefied gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17C)

|  | B68 |
SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY

MICRO-STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY; NANO-TECHNOLOGY

|  | B81 |
MICRO-STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY [7]

|  | B81 |
Note(s) This class covers micro-structural devices or systems, including at least one essential element or formation characterised by its very small size, typically within the range of 10-4 to 10-7 meters, i.e. its significant features can not, in at least one dimension, be completely discerned without the use of an optical microscope. [7] In this class, the following expressions are used with the meaning indicated: [7] "micro-structural devices" covers: [7] micro-mechanical devices comprising movable, flexible or deformable elements; and [7] three-dimensional structures without movable, flexible or deformable elements, comprising microformations designed to accomplish an essential structural function for interacting with their environment, as opposed to purely electronic or chemical functions, regardless of whether the structures are combined with micro-electronic devices or formed from specific materials; [7] "micro-structural systems" covers: [7] systems of cooperating micro-structural devices; and [7] micro-electro-mechanical or micro-opto-mechanical systems, which combine on a common substrate the specific features of micro-structural devices and electrical or optical components, e.g. for controlling, analysing or signalling the functioning of micro-structural devices. [7]

|  | B82 |
NANO-TECHNOLOGY [7]

|  | B99 |
SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION [8]