|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H04 |
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

|  | H04 |
Note(s) This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication. [4]

|  | H04Q |
SELECTING (switches, relays, selectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; electronic switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00)

|  | H04Q |
Note(s) This subclass covers: methods, circuits, or apparatus for establishing selectively a connection between a desired number of stations (normally two), or between a main station and a desired number of substations (normally one) for the purpose of transferring information via this connection after it has been established; selective calling arrangements over connections already established. In either case, the connection may be by means of electric conductors or electromagnetic waves. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "subscriber" is a general term for terminal equipment, e.g. telephone for public use; "substation" means a subscriber or monitoring equipment which may connect a single subscriber to a line without choice as to subscriber; "satellite" is a kind of exchange the operation of which depends upon control signals received from a supervisory exchange; "switching centres" includes exchanges and satellites.

|  | H04Q |
Subclass index
SELECTING ARRANGEMENTS |
General; by line; via radio or inductive links; multiplex | 3/00; 5/00; 7/00; 11/00
DISPOSITIONS FOR TELECONTROL OR TELEMETRY | 9/00
DETAILS | 1/00

P:50 |  | H04Q 1/00 |
Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements (details of selector switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 63/00)

|  | H04Q 1/02 |
· | Constructional details

|  | H04Q 1/04 |
· · | Frames or mounting racks for selector switches; Accessories therefor, e.g. frame cover

|  | H04Q 1/06 |
· · | Cable ducts or mountings specially adapted for exchange installations (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G)

|  | H04Q 1/08 |
· · | Frames or mounting racks for relays; Accessories therefor

|  | H04Q 1/10 |
· · | Exchange station construction

|  | H04Q 1/12 |
· · | Arrangements of multiple bars with or without pivotable frames

|  | H04Q 1/14 |
· · | Distribution frames

|  | H04Q 1/16 |
· · | Wiring arrangements for selector switches or relays in frames

|  | H04Q 1/18 |
· | Electrical details

|  | H04Q 1/20 |
· · | Testing circuits or apparatus; Circuits or apparatus for detecting, indicating, or signalling faults or troubles

|  | H04Q 1/22 |
· · · | Automatic arrangements

|  | H04Q 1/24 |
· · · · | for connection devices

|  | H04Q 1/26 |
· · · · | for signalling trouble in unoccupied sub-exchanges

|  | H04Q 1/28 |
· · | Current-supply circuits or arrangements for selection equipment at exchanges

|  | H04Q 1/30 |
· · | Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents (multiplex systems providing for calling or supervisory signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 1/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 3/12; telephone substation equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04M 1/00)

|  | H04Q 1/32 |
· · · | using trains of dc pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 1/39 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04Q 1/34 |
· · · · | Impulse regenerators with mechanical or other non-electrical marking arrangements

|  | H04Q 1/36 |
· · · · | Pulse-correcting arrangements, e.g. for reducing effects due to interference

|  | H04Q 1/38 |
· · · | using combinations of direct currents of different amplitudes or polarities over line conductors or combination of line conductors

|  | H04Q 1/39 |
· · · | using coded pulse groups [3]

|  | H04Q 1/40 |
· · · | whereby duration of pulse or interval between two pulses is variable

|  | H04Q 1/42 |
· · · · | involving the position of a pulse in a cycle

|  | H04Q 1/44 |
· · · | using ac (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 1/50 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04Q 1/442 |
· · · · | with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies [3]

|  | H04Q 1/444 |
· · · · | with voice-band signalling frequencies [3]

|  | H04Q 1/446 |
· · · · · | using one signalling frequency (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 1/46 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04Q 1/448 |
· · · · · · | with conversion of a single frequency signal into a digital signal [3]

|  | H04Q 1/45 |
· · · · · | using multi-frequency signalling (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 1/46 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04Q 1/453 |
· · · · · · | in which m-out-of-n signalling frequencies are transmitted [3]

|  | H04Q 1/457 |
· · · · · · | with conversion of multi-frequency signals into digital signals [3]

|  | H04Q 1/46 |
· · · · · | comprising means for distinguishing between a signalling current of predetermined frequency and a complex current containing that frequency, e.g. speech current [3]

|  | H04Q 1/48 |
· · · | Induced-current signalling arrangements

|  | H04Q 1/50 |
· · · | Conversion between different kinds of signals

|  | H04Q 1/54 |
· · | Amplifier switched-on automatically in dependence on automatically selected lines

|  | H04Q 1/56 |
· · | Balancing circuitry switched-on automatically in dependence on automatically selected lines

P:40 |  | H04Q 3/00 |
Selecting arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 5/00-H04Q 11/00 take precedence)

|  | H04Q 3/02 |
· | Circuit arrangements for selectors responsive to a permutation code

|  | H04Q 3/04 |
· | Circuit arrangements for receivers of routing digits

|  | H04Q 3/06 |
· · | for group or trunk group selectors

|  | H04Q 3/08 |
· · | for local or long-distance selectors

|  | H04Q 3/10 |
· · | for PBX selectors, i.e. private branch exchange selectors

|  | H04Q 3/12 |
· · | for line selectors providing transfer of routing digits

|  | H04Q 3/14 |
· · | for two-way operation selectors

|  | H04Q 3/16 |
· · | for marking-switches

|  | H04Q 3/18 |
· | Circuit arrangements for first stage of hunting switching

|  | H04Q 3/20 |
· · | for preselectors

|  | H04Q 3/22 |
· · · | comprising common calling and disconnecting circuit

|  | H04Q 3/24 |
· · | for line finders

|  | H04Q 3/26 |
· · · | comprising common calling and disconnecting circuit

|  | H04Q 3/28 |
· · · | comprising main groups and subgroups

|  | H04Q 3/30 |
· · | Selector finders, i.e. allotters

|  | H04Q 3/32 |
· | Circuit arrangements for second or subsequent stages of hunting switching [2]

|  | H04Q 3/34 |
· · | for the second preselection stage

|  | H04Q 3/36 |
· · | for the second line-finder stage

|  | H04Q 3/38 |
· · | for stages after the group-selector stage

|  | H04Q 3/40 |
· · | for stages after the line selector, e.g. for extension selector

|  | H04Q 3/42 |
· | Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker

|  | H04Q 3/44 |
· · | using revertive control

|  | H04Q 3/46 |
· · | using signals other than revertive impulses

|  | H04Q 3/47 |
· · | using translators

|  | H04Q 3/48 |
· · | using markers

|  | H04Q 3/49 |
· · · | for end-to-end marking

|  | H04Q 3/495 |
· · · | for routing connecting paths

|  | H04Q 3/52 |
· · | using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements [2]

|  | H04Q 3/54 |
· · | in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised

|  | H04Q 3/545 |
· · · | using a stored programme [4]

|  | H04Q 3/55 |
· · · | using wired logic circuitry [4]

|  | H04Q 3/555 |
· · · · | being comprised by electro-magnetic devices [4]

|  | H04Q 3/56 |
· · | in which the control signals are multiplexed [2]

|  | H04Q 3/58 |
· | Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite

|  | H04Q 3/60 |
· · | for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines

|  | H04Q 3/62 |
· · | for connecting to private branch exchanges

|  | H04Q 3/64 |
· | Distributing or queuing

|  | H04Q 3/66 |
· · | Traffic distributors

|  | H04Q 3/68 |
· · | Grouping or interlacing selector groups or stages

|  | H04Q 3/70 |
· | Identification of class of calling subscriber

|  | H04Q 3/72 |
· | Finding out and indicating number of calling subscriber

|  | H04Q 3/74 |
· · | Identification of subscriber calling from a party-line

|  | H04Q 3/76 |
· | Translation from the called subscriber's number to the outgoing or incoming control information [4]

|  | H04Q 3/78 |
· | Temporary storage of information of calling or called subscriber (intermediate storage means for telegraphic communication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 13/08) [4]

P:30 |  | H04Q 5/00 |
Selecting arrangements wherein two or more subscriber stations are connected by the same line to the exchange

|  | H04Q 5/02 |
· | with direct connection for all subscribers, i.e. party-line system (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 5/24 takes precedence)

|  | H04Q 5/04 |
· · | Signalling by currents in one or other or both line wires or additional wires

|  | H04Q 5/06 |
· · | Signalling by amplitude or polarity of dc

|  | H04Q 5/08 |
· · | Signalling by continuous ac

|  | H04Q 5/10 |
· · · | using single frequencies for different subscribers

|  | H04Q 5/12 |
· · · | using combinations of frequencies

|  | H04Q 5/14 |
· · | Signalling by pulses

|  | H04Q 5/16 |
· · · | by predetermined number of pulses

|  | H04Q 5/18 |
· | with indirect connection, i.e. through subordinate switching centre

|  | H04Q 5/20 |
· · | the subordinate centre permitting interconnection of subscribers connected thereto

|  | H04Q 5/22 |
· · | the subordinate centre not permitting interconnection of subscribers connected thereto

|  | H04Q 5/24 |
· | for two-party-line systems

P:20 |  | H04Q 7/00 |
Selecting arrangements to which subscribers are connected via radio links or inductive links

|  | H04Q 7/06 |
· | in which the radio or inductive links are essentially one-way, e.g. selective calling systems [6]

|  | H04Q 7/08 |
· · | Selective calling networks, e.g. wide area paging [6]

|  | H04Q 7/10 |
· · | Selective call encoders, i.e. equipment at paging centre or base station [6]

|  | H04Q 7/12 |
· · | with acknowledge back capability [6]

|  | H04Q 7/14 |
· · | Selective call receivers [6]

|  | H04Q 7/16 |
· · · | Selective call decoders [6]

|  | H04Q 7/18 |
· · · | Functional features associated with selective call operation, e.g. battery saving circuits, address code programming [6]

|  | H04Q 7/20 |
· | in which the radio or inductive links are two-way links, e.g. mobile radio systems [6]

|  | H04Q 7/22 |
· · | using dedicated mobile switching centres, e.g. cellular systems [6]

|  | H04Q 7/24 |
· · | using public exchanges or networks with at least partially integrated mobile switching or mobile application [6]

|  | H04Q 7/26 |
· · | using a private branch exchange (PBX) as final selecting device, e.g. cordless PBX [6]

|  | H04Q 7/28 |
· · | Trunked radio systems, i.e. sharing radio channel among active subscribers [6]

|  | H04Q 7/30 |
· · | Base station equipment [6]

|  | H04Q 7/32 |
· · | Mobile subscriber equipment [6]

|  | H04Q 7/34 |
· · | Test or monitoring equipment [6]

|  | H04Q 7/36 |
· · | Arrangements for mobile service area coverage, e.g. cells layout [6]

|  | H04Q 7/38 |
· · | Arrangements for completing call to or from mobile subscriber [6]

P:0 |  | H04Q 9/00 |
Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom

|  | H04Q 9/02 |
· | Automatically-operated arrangements

|  | H04Q 9/04 |
· | Arrangements for synchronous operation

|  | H04Q 9/06 |
· | Calling by using amplitude or polarity of dc

|  | H04Q 9/08 |
· | Calling by using continuous ac

|  | H04Q 9/10 |
· · | using single different frequencies

|  | H04Q 9/12 |
· · | using combinations of frequencies

|  | H04Q 9/14 |
· | Calling by using pulses

|  | H04Q 9/16 |
· · | by predetermined number of pulses

P:10 |  | H04Q 11/00 |
Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems (multiplex systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J)

|  | H04Q 11/02 |
· | for frequency-division multiplexing

|  | H04Q 11/04 |
· | for time-division multiplexing

|  | H04Q 11/06 |
· · | Time-space-time switching [5]

|  | H04Q 11/08 |
· · | Time only switching [5]