|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H02 |
GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

|  | H02H |
EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B; locating faults along lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/08; emergency protective devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H)

|  | H02H |
Note(s) This subclass covers only circuit arrangements for the automatic protection of electric lines or electric machines or apparatus in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions.

|  | H02H |
Subclass index
EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS |
For automatic disconnection or switching responsive to variation of conditions: |
electric; sensed non-electric; simulated non-electric | 3/00; 5/00; 6/00
adapted for specific machines or for sectionalised protection of cables or lines | 7/00
For limiting excess current or voltage | 9/00
For preventing switching-on in case of undesired conditions | 11/00
DETAILS | 1/00

P:60 |  | H02H 1/00 |
Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements

|  | H02H 1/04 |
· | Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning

|  | H02H 1/06 |
· | Arrangements for supplying operative power [3]

P:50 |  | H02H 3/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection (specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 7/00; systems for change-over to standby supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 9/00)

|  | H02H 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | H02H 3/027 |
· · | with automatic disconnection after a predetermined time (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/033, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/06 take precedence) [3]

|  | H02H 3/033 |
· · | with several disconnections in a preferential order (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/06 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H02H 3/04 |
· · | with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned

|  | H02H 3/05 |
· · | with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements [3]

|  | H02H 3/06 |
· · | with automatic reconnection

|  | H02H 3/07 |
· · · | and with permanent disconnection after a predetermined number of reconnection cycles [3]

|  | H02H 3/08 |
· | responsive to excess current (responsive to abnormal temperature caused by excess current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 5/04)

|  | H02H 3/087 |
· · | for dc applications [3]

|  | H02H 3/093 |
· · | with timing means [3]

|  | H02H 3/10 |
· · | additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions

|  | H02H 3/12 |
· | responsive to underload or no-load

|  | H02H 3/13 |
· · | for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption [3]

|  | H02H 3/14 |
· | responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential

|  | H02H 3/16 |
· | responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass (with balanced or differential arrangement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/26)

|  | H02H 3/17 |
· · | by means of an auxiliary voltage injected into the installation to be protected [3]

|  | H02H 3/18 |
· | responsive to reversal of direct current

|  | H02H 3/20 |
· | responsive to excess voltage

|  | H02H 3/22 |
· · | of short duration, e.g. lightning

|  | H02H 3/24 |
· | responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage

|  | H02H 3/247 |
· · | having timing means [3]

|  | H02H 3/253 |
· · | for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption [3]

|  | H02H 3/26 |
· | responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents

|  | H02H 3/28 |
· · | involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus

|  | H02H 3/30 |
· · · | using pilot wires or other signalling channel

|  | H02H 3/32 |
· · | involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors

|  | H02H 3/33 |
· · · | using summation current transformers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/347 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H02H 3/34 |
· · · | of a three-phase system

|  | H02H 3/347 |
· · · · | using summation current transformers [3]

|  | H02H 3/353 |
· · · · | involving comparison of phase voltages [3]

|  | H02H 3/36 |
· · | involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points of different systems, e.g. of parallel feeder systems

|  | H02H 3/38 |
· | responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current

|  | H02H 3/40 |
· | responsive to ratio of voltage and current

|  | H02H 3/42 |
· | responsive to product of voltage and current

|  | H02H 3/44 |
· | responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities [3]

|  | H02H 3/46 |
· | responsive to frequency deviations [3]

|  | H02H 3/48 |
· | responsive to loss of synchronism [3]

|  | H02H 3/50 |
· | responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations [3]

|  | H02H 3/52 |
· · | responsive to the appearance of harmonics [3]

P:20 |  | H02H 5/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection (using simulators of the apparatus being protected Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 6/00; specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 7/00) [3]

|  | H02H 5/04 |
· | responsive to abnormal temperature

|  | H02H 5/06 |
· · | in oil-filled electric apparatus

|  | H02H 5/08 |
· | responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays

|  | H02H 5/10 |
· | responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection

|  | H02H 5/12 |
· | responsive to undesired approach to, or touching of, live parts by living beings

P:10 |  | H02H 6/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements responsive to undesired changes from normal non-electric working conditions using simulators of the apparatus being protected, e.g. using thermal images [3]

P:0 |  | H02H 7/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions (structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus and their protection without automatic disconnection, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus)

|  | H02H 7/04 |
· | for transformers

|  | H02H 7/045 |
· · | Differential protection of transformers [3]

|  | H02H 7/05 |
· · | for capacitive voltage transformers, e.g. against resonant conditions [3]

|  | H02H 7/055 |
· · | for tapped transformers or tap-changing means thereof [3]

|  | H02H 7/06 |
· | for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors

|  | H02H 7/08 |
· | for dynamo-electric motors

|  | H02H 7/085 |
· · | against excessive load

|  | H02H 7/09 |
· · | against over-voltage; against reduction of voltage; against phase interruption

|  | H02H 7/093 |
· · | against increase beyond, or decrease below, a predetermined level of rotational speed (centrifugal switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 35/10)

|  | H02H 7/097 |
· · | against wrong direction of rotation

|  | H02H 7/10 |
· | for converters; for rectifiers

|  | H02H 7/12 |
· · | for static converters or rectifiers

|  | H02H 7/122 |
· · · | for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters [2]

|  | H02H 7/125 |
· · · | for rectifiers [2]

|  | H02H 7/127 |
· · · · | having auxiliary control electrode to which blocking control voltages or currents are applied in case of emergency [2]

|  | H02H 7/16 |
· | for capacitors (for synchronous capacitors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 7/06)

|  | H02H 7/18 |
· | for batteries; for accumulators

|  | H02H 7/20 |
· | for electronic equipment (for converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 7/10; for electric measuring instruments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 1/36; for dc voltage or current semiconductor regulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F 1/569; for amplifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F 1/52; for electronic switching circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/08)

|  | H02H 7/22 |
· | for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices

|  | H02H 7/24 |
· | for spark-gap arresters

|  | H02H 7/26 |
· | Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occurred (locating faults in cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/08)

|  | H02H 7/28 |
· · | for meshed systems

|  | H02H 7/30 |
· · | Staggered disconnection [3]

P:40 |  | H02H 9/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection (structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus)

|  | H02H 9/02 |
· | responsive to excess current

|  | H02H 9/04 |
· | responsive to excess voltage (lightning arrestors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 8/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T)

|  | H02H 9/06 |
· · | using spark-gap arresters

|  | H02H 9/08 |
· | Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil [3]

P:30 |  | H02H 11/00 |
Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result