|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY [8]

|  | C40 |
COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY [8]

|  | C40B |
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES, IN SILICO LIBRARIES [8]

|  | C40B |
2. 2. Note(s) In this subclass, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, classification is made in the first appropriate place. [8] When classifying in this subclass, subject matter of interest is also classified in other appropriate places: [8] library members are also classified in the appropriate places elsewhere in the IPC (e.g. in section C) according to established procedure relating to "Markush"-type formulae (see paragraphs 100 and 101 of the Guide); [8] methods or apparatus covered by this subclass are also classified for their biological, chemical, physical or other features in the appropriate places in the IPC, if such features are of interest, e.g. [8]
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N | Biocides [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K | Preparations for medical, dental or toilet purposes [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61P | Therapeutic activity of compounds [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D | Separation [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J | Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis; Apparatus therefor [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L | Chemical or physical laboratory apparatus [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29 | Shaped plastics [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08 | Inorganic, organic or organic macromolecular compounds; Methods of preparation or separation thereof [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12 | Biochemistry, microbiology, enzymology including micro-organisms or enzymes, preparing them, using them to synthesise compounds or compositions; Measuring or testing processes involving micro-organisms or enzymes; Mutation or genetic engineering [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22 | Metal alloys [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N | Chemical or physical analysis [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T | Physical measurements methods; Apparatus therefor [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F | Photomechanical methods [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F | Electrical digital data processing [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K | Data processing [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06T | Image data processing [8] |
      Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F | Displaying; Advertising [8] |

P:10 |  | C40B 10/00 |
Directed molecular evolution of macromolecules, e.g. RNA, DNA or proteins [8]

P:20 |  | C40B 20/00 |
Methods specially adapted for identifying library members [8]

|  | C40B 20/02 |
· | Identifying library members by their fixed physical location on a support or substrate [8]

|  | C40B 20/04 |
· | Identifying library members by means of a tag, label, or other readable or detectable entity associated with the library members, e.g. decoding processes [8]

|  | C40B 20/06 |
· | using iterative deconvolution techniques [8]

|  | C40B 20/08 |
· | Direct analysis of the library members per se by physical methods, e.g. spectroscopy [8]

P:30 |  | C40B 30/00 |
Methods of screening libraries [8]

|  | C40B 30/02 |
· | In silico screening [8]

|  | C40B 30/04 |
· | by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding [8]

|  | C40B 30/06 |
· | by measuring effects on living organisms, tissues or cells [8]

|  | C40B 30/08 |
· | by measuring catalytic activity [8]

|  | C40B 30/10 |
· | by measuring physical properties, e.g. mass [8]

P:40 |  | C40B 40/00 |
Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures [8]

|  | C40B 40/02 |
· | Libraries contained in or displayed by micro-organisms, e.g. bacteria or animal cells; Libraries contained in or displayed by vectors, e.g. plasmids; Libraries containing only micro-organisms or vectors [8]

|  | C40B 40/04 |
· | Libraries containing only organic compounds [8]

|  | C40B 40/06 - C40B 40/16 |
Note(s) Libraries containing salts of organic compounds are classified in the groups for the libraries containing the parent compounds [8]

|  | C40B 40/06 |
· · | Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof [8]

|  | C40B 40/08 |
· · · | Libraries containing RNA or DNA which encodes proteins, e.g. gene libraries [8]

|  | C40B 40/10 |
· · | Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof [8]

|  | C40B 40/12 |
· · | Libraries containing saccharides or polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof [8]

|  | C40B 40/14 |
· · | Libraries containing macromolecular compounds and not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C40B 40/06-C40B 40/12 [8]

|  | C40B 40/16 |
· · | Libraries containing metal-containing organic compounds [8]

|  | C40B 40/18 |
· | Libraries containing only inorganic compounds or inorganic materials [8]

P:50 |  | C40B 50/00 |
Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis [8]

|  | C40B 50/02 |
· | In silico or mathematical conception of libraries [8]

|  | C40B 50/04 |
· | using dynamic combinatorial chemistry techniques [8]

|  | C40B 50/06 |
· | Biochemical methods, e.g. using enzymes or whole viable micro-organisms [8]

|  | C40B 50/08 |
· | Liquid phase synthesis, i.e. wherein all library building blocks are in liquid phase or in solution during library creation; Particular methods of cleavage from the liquid support [8]

|  | C40B 50/10 |
· · | involving encoding steps [8]

|  | C40B 50/12 |
· · | using a particular method of attachment to the liquid support [8]

|  | C40B 50/14 |
· | Solid phase synthesis, i.e. wherein one or more library building blocks are bound to a solid support during library creation; Particular methods of cleavage from the solid support [8]

|  | C40B 50/16 |
· · | involving encoding steps [8]

|  | C40B 50/18 |
· · | using a particular method of attachment to the solid support [8]

P:60 |  | C40B 60/00 |
Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries [8]

|  | C40B 60/02 |
· | Integrated apparatus specially adapted for creating libraries, screening libraries and for identifying library members [8]

|  | C40B 60/04 |
· | Integrated apparatus specially adapted for both screening libraries and identifying library members [8]

|  | C40B 60/06 |
· | Integrated apparatus specially adapted for both creating libraries and identifying library members [8]

|  | C40B 60/08 |
· | Integrated apparatus specially adapted for both creating and screening libraries [8]

|  | C40B 60/10 |
· | for identifying library members [8]

|  | C40B 60/12 |
· | for screening libraries [8]

|  | C40B 60/14 |
· | for creating libraries [8]

P:70 |  | C40B 70/00 |
Tags or labels specially adapted for combinatorial chemistry or libraries, e.g. fluorescent tags or bar codes [8]

P:80 |  | C40B 80/00 |
Linkers or spacers specially adapted for combinatorial chemistry or libraries, e.g. traceless linkers or safety-catch linkers [8]

P:90 |  | C40B 99/00 |
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [8]