|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H01 |
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

|  | H01 |
Note(s) Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]

|  | H01G |
CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/00; capacitors with potential-jump or surface barrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 29/00)

|  | H01G |
Subclass index
CAPACITORS |
With fixed capacitance | 4/00
With variable capacitance: by mechanical means; by non-mechanical means | 5/00; 7/00
Details | 2/00
ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS | 9/00
STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS | 15/00, 17/00
MANUFACTURE | 4/00, 5/00, 7/00, 9/00, 13/00

P:60 |  | H01G 2/00 |
Details applicable to more than one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/00-H01G 9/00 [6]

|  | H01G 2/02 |
· | Mountings [6]

|  | H01G 2/04 |
· · | specially adapted for mounting on a chassis [6]

|  | H01G 2/06 |
· · | specially adapted for mounting on a printed-circuit support [6]

|  | H01G 2/08 |
· | Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Ventilating arrangements [6]

|  | H01G 2/10 |
· | Housing; Encapsulation [6]

|  | H01G 2/12 |
· | Protection against corrosion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 2/10 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 2/14 |
· | Protection against electric or thermal overload (by cooling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 2/08) [6]

|  | H01G 2/16 |
· · | with fusing elements [6]

|  | H01G 2/18 |
· · | with breakable contacts [6]

|  | H01G 2/20 |
· | Arrangements for preventing discharge from edges of electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 2/22 |
· | Electrostatic or magnetic shielding [6]

|  | H01G 2/24 |
· | Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding [6]

P:50 |  | H01G 4/00 |
Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture (electrolytic capacitors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/00) [2]

|  | H01G 4/002 |
· | Details [6]

|  | H01G 4/005 |
· · | Electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 4/008 |
· · · | Selection of materials [6]

|  | H01G 4/01 |
· · · | Form of self-supporting electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 4/012 |
· · · | Form of non-self-supporting electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 4/015 |
· · · | Special provisions for self-healing [6]

|  | H01G 4/018 |
· · | Dielectrics [6]

|  | H01G 4/02 |
· · · | Gas or vapour dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/04 |
· · · | Liquid dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/06 |
· · · | Solid dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/08 |
· · · · | Inorganic dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/10 |
· · · · · | Metal-oxide dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/12 |
· · · · · | Ceramic dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/14 |
· · · · | Organic dielectrics [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/16 |
· · · · · | of fibrous material, e.g. paper [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/18 |
· · · · · | of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/16 takes precedence) [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/20 |
· · · | using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/02-H01G 4/06 (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/12 takes precedence) [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/22 |
· · · · | impregnated [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/224 |
· · | Housing; Encapsulation [6]

|  | H01G 4/228 |
· · | Terminals [6]

|  | H01G 4/232 |
· · · | electrically connecting two or more layers of a stacked or rolled capacitor [6]

|  | H01G 4/236 |
· · · | leading through the housing, i.e. lead-through [6]

|  | H01G 4/242 |
· · · | the capacitive element surrounding the terminal [6]

|  | H01G 4/245 |
· · · · | Tabs between the layers of a rolled electrode [6]

|  | H01G 4/248 |
· · · | the terminals embracing or surrounding the capacitive element, e.g. caps (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/252 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 4/252 |
· · · | the terminals being coated on the capacitive element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/232 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 4/255 |
· · | Means for correcting the capacitance value [6]

|  | H01G 4/258 |
· · | Temperature compensation means [6]

|  | H01G 4/26 |
· | Folded capacitors [2]

|  | H01G 4/28 |
· | Tubular capacitors [2]

|  | H01G 4/30 |
· | Stacked capacitors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/33 takes precedence) [2,6]

|  | H01G 4/32 |
· | Wound capacitors [2]

|  | H01G 4/33 |
· | Thin- or thick-film capacitors (thin- or thick-film circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/00) [6]

|  | H01G 4/35 |
· | Feed-through capacitors or anti-noise capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 4/38 |
· | Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors [2]

|  | H01G 4/40 |
· | Structural combinations of fixed capacitors with other electric elements not covered by this subclass, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations (thin-or thick-film circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/00; RC-filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H) [2]

P:30 |  | H01G 5/00 |
Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture [2]

|  | H01G 5/01 |
· | Details

|  | H01G 5/011 |
· · | Electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/012 |
· · · | at least one of the electrodes being a displaceable liquid or powder [6]

|  | H01G 5/013 |
· · | Dielectrics [6]

|  | H01G 5/014 |
· · | Housing; Encapsulation [6]

|  | H01G 5/015 |
· · | Current collectors

|  | H01G 5/017 |
· · | Temperature compensation [6]

|  | H01G 5/019 |
· · | Means for correcting the capacitance characteristics [6]

|  | H01G 5/04 |
· | using variation of effective area of electrode [6]

|  | H01G 5/06 |
· · | due to rotation of flat or substantially flat electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/08 |
· · · | becoming active in succession [6]

|  | H01G 5/10 |
· · | due to rotation of helical electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/12 |
· · | due to rotation of part-cylindrical, conical, or spherical electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/14 |
· · | due to longitudinal movement of electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/16 |
· | using variation of distance between electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 5/18 |
· · | due to change in inclination, e.g. by flexing, by spiral wrapping [6]

|  | H01G 5/38 |
· | Multiple capacitors, e.g. ganged

|  | H01G 5/40 |
· | Structural combinations of variable capacitors with other electric elements not covered by this subclass, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations (RC-filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H) [6]

P:40 |  | H01G 7/00 |
Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture [2]

|  | H01G 7/02 |
· | Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric

|  | H01G 7/04 |
· | having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permitivity with applied temperature

|  | H01G 7/06 |
· | having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permitivity with applied voltage, i.e. ferroelectric capacitors (electrets Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 7/02)

P:0 |  | H01G 9/00 |
Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture [2]

|  | H01G 9/004 |
· | Details [6]

|  | H01G 9/008 |
· · | Terminals [6]

|  | H01G 9/012 |
· · · | specially adapted for solid capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 9/016 |
· · · | specially adapted for double-layer capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 9/02 |
· · | Diaphragms; Separators [6]

|  | H01G 9/022 |
· · | Electrolytes, absorbents (electrolytic or electrophoretic processes, apparatus therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25; for primary, secondary or fuel cells Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M) [6]

|  | H01G 9/025 |
· · · | Solid electrolytes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/038 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/028 |
· · · · | Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ [6]

|  | H01G 9/032 |
· · · · | Inorganic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. MnO2 [6]

|  | H01G 9/035 |
· · · | Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/038 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/038 |
· · · | Electrolytes specially adapted for double-layer capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 9/04 |
· · | Electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 9/042 |
· · · | characterised by the material (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/058 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/045 |
· · · · | based on aluminium [6]

|  | H01G 9/048 |
· · · | characterised by their structure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/058 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/052 |
· · · · | Sintered electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 9/055 |
· · · · | Etched foil electrodes [6]

|  | H01G 9/058 |
· · · | specially adapted for double-layer capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 9/06 |
· · · | Mounting in containers [6]

|  | H01G 9/07 |
· · | Dielectric layers [6]

|  | H01G 9/08 |
· · | Housing; Encapsulation [6]

|  | H01G 9/10 |
· · · | Sealing, e.g. of lead-in wires [6]

|  | H01G 9/12 |
· · · | Vents or other means allowing expansion [6]

|  | H01G 9/14 |
· · | Structural combinations for modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of electrolytic capacitors (impedance networks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H)

|  | H01G 9/145 |
· | Liquid electrolytic capacitors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/155 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/15 |
· | Solid electrolytic capacitors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/155 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01G 9/155 |
· | Double-layer capacitors [6]

|  | H01G 9/16 |
· | specially adapted for use as rectifiers or detectors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 9/22 takes precedence)

|  | H01G 9/18 |
· | Self-interrupters

|  | H01G 9/20 |
· | Light-sensitive devices

|  | H01G 9/21 |
· | Temperature-sensitive devices [6]

|  | H01G 9/22 |
· | Devices using combined reduction and oxidation, e.g. redox arrangement, solion

|  | H01G 9/26 |
· | Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices with each other [6]

|  | H01G 9/28 |
· | Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices with other electric components not covered by this subclass [6]

P:70 |  | H01G 13/00 |
Apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors; Processes specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G 4/00-H01G 9/00 [2]

|  | H01G 13/02 |
· | Machines for winding capacitors [2]

|  | H01G 13/04 |
· | Drying (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B); Impregnating [2]

|  | H01G 13/06 |
· | with provision for removing metal surfaces [2]

P:20 |  | H01G 15/00 |
Structural combinations of capacitors or other devices covered by at least two different main groups of this subclass with each other [6]

P:10 |  | H01G 17/00 |
Structural combinations of capacitors or other devices covered by at least two different main groups of this subclass with other electric elements, not covered by this subclass, e.g. RC combinations (thin- or thick-film circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/00; RC-filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H) [6]