|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G09 |
EDUCATING; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS

|  | G09F |
DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS (display cases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47F; designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects, e.g. changing, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44F 1/00; disposition of road signs or traffic signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01F 9/00; lighting in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; arrangements for controlling light beams Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/00; visible signalling arrangements or devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B 5/00; traffic control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08G; arrangements or circuits for control of indicating devices using static means to present variable information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a plurality of light sources Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 33/12)

|  | G09F |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "sign" designates a mark or indication serving to make something recognisable, the information presented being non-varying, even if it is flashing; by way of example it covers, therefore, advertising hoardings, or luminous, or light reflecting, safety arrangements. [3] Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]

|  | G09F |
Subclass index
INFORMATION AND ADVERTISING |
Displaying samples | 5/00
With fixed information: |
show-cards; labels or tags; signs, plates, characters | 1/00; 3/00; 7/00
With variable information: |
by combination of elements; by movement of complete information | 9/00; 11/00
Illuminated signs; luminous advertising | 13/00
Supports used for bill-posting and advertising: panels; banners; goods; others | 15/00; 17/00; 23/00; 19/00
PROCESSES OF ADVERTISING |
Movable; audible; audio-visual; others | 21/00; 25/00; 27/00; 19/00

P:70 |  | G09F 1/00 |
Cardboard or like show-cards of foldable or flexible material

|  | G09F 1/02 |
· | Single substantially-flat cards

|  | G09F 1/04 |
· | Folded cards

|  | G09F 1/06 |
· · | to be erected in three dimensions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 1/08 takes precedence)

|  | G09F 1/08 |
· | wholly or partly imitating the form of an object, e.g. of the article to be advertised

|  | G09F 1/10 |
· | Supports or holders for show-cards

|  | G09F 1/12 |
· · | Frames therefor

|  | G09F 1/14 |
· · | in the form of legs

P:90 |  | G09F 3/00 |
Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means (medals or badges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A44C 3/00; making labels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31D 1/02; sheets temporarily attached together Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F; labelling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65C; tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V 15/00; labels on record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/38); Seals; Postage or like stamps

|  | G09F 3/02 |
· | Forms or constructions (layered products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | G09F 3/03 |
· · | of security seals

|  | G09F 3/04 |
· | to be fastened or secured by the material of the label itself, e.g. by thermo-adhesion (by a separate adhesive layer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 3/10)

|  | G09F 3/06 |
· · | by clamping action (by separate clamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 3/16)

|  | G09F 3/08 |
· | Fastening or securing by means not forming part of the material of the label itself

|  | G09F 3/10 |
· · | by an adhesive layer

|  | G09F 3/12 |
· · | by pins, staples, or the like

|  | G09F 3/14 |
· · | by strings, straps, chains, or wires

|  | G09F 3/16 |
· · | by clamps

|  | G09F 3/18 |
· · | Casings, frames, or enclosures for labels

|  | G09F 3/20 |
· · · | for adjustable, removable, or interchangeable labels

P:120 |  | G09F 5/00 |
Means for displaying samples

|  | G09F 5/02 |
· | Portable sample cases

|  | G09F 5/04 |
· | Cards of samples; Books of samples (packages comprising articles attached to cards, sheets, or webs for removal therefrom Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 73/00)

P:100 |  | G09F 7/00 |
Signs, name or number plates, letters, numerals, or symbols (vehicle registration number plates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R 13/10); Panels or boards (show-cards Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 1/00; indicating arrangements for variable information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/00; illuminated signs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 13/00; boards for notices or posters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 15/00)

|  | G09F 7/02 |
· | Signs, plates, panels, or boards using readily-detachable elements bearing or forming symbols

|  | G09F 7/04 |
· · | the elements being secured or adapted to be secured by magnetic means

|  | G09F 7/06 |
· · | the elements being secured or adapted to be secured by means of pins and holes

|  | G09F 7/08 |
· · | the elements being secured or adapted to be secured by means of grooves, rails, or slits

|  | G09F 7/10 |
· · · | and slidably mounted

|  | G09F 7/12 |
· · | the elements being secured or adapted to be secured by self-adhesion, moisture, suction, slow-drying adhesive, or the like

|  | G09F 7/14 |
· · | Constructional features of the symbol-bearing or -forming elements

|  | G09F 7/16 |
· | Letters, numerals, or other symbols, adapted for permanent fixing to a support

|  | G09F 7/18 |
· | Means for attaching signs, plates, panels, or boards to a supporting structure

|  | G09F 7/20 |
· · | for adjustably mounting

|  | G09F 7/22 |
· · | for rotatably or swingably mounting, e.g. for boards adapted to be rotated by the wind

P:40 |  | G09F 9/00 |
Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements (in which the variable information is permanently attached to a movable support Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/00; light guides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/00; abacus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C 1/00; slide rules Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 1/00)

|  | G09F 9/30 |
· | in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements (panels comprising a number of electrodes in a single cell controlling light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. electro-optical or magneto-optical cell, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/00)

|  | G09F 9/302 |
· · | characterised by the form or geometrical disposition of the individual elements [7]

|  | G09F 9/305 |
· · | being the ends of optical fibres (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence) [7]

|  | G09F 9/307 |
· · | being incandescent filaments (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence; incandescent panels comprising a number of separate incandescent bodies, per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01K 9/00) [3,7]

|  | G09F 9/313 |
· · | being gas discharge devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence; gas discharge panels comprising a number of discharge gaps, per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 17/49) [3,7]

|  | G09F 9/33 |
· · | being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence; semiconductor integrated circuits comprising components specially adapted for emission of light, per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/15) [3,7]

|  | G09F 9/35 |
· · | being liquid crystals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence; liquid crystal materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 19/00) [3,7]

|  | G09F 9/37 |
· · | being movable elements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/302 takes precedence) [3,7]

|  | G09F 9/40 |
· | in which the desired character is selected from a number of characters arranged one beside the other, e.g. on a common carrier plate

|  | G09F 9/46 |
· | in which the desired character is selected from a number of characters arranged one behind the other

P:50 |  | G09F 11/00 |
Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the complete information is permanently attached to a movable support which brings it to the display position (using static means to present variable information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/00; showcases or show-cabinets with arrangements for continuously or intermittently moving the merchandise Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47F 3/08)

|  | G09F 11/02 |
· | the display elements being secured to rotating members, e.g. drums, spindles

|  | G09F 11/04 |
· · | the elements being secured to rotating discs

|  | G09F 11/06 |
· · | the elements being stiff plates or cards (on rotating discs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/04)

|  | G09F 11/08 |
· · | the elements being flexible sheets (on rotating discs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/04)

|  | G09F 11/10 |
· · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/12 |
· | the display elements being carried by endless belts, chains, or the like

|  | G09F 11/14 |
· · | the elements being in the form of stiff flaps, boards, cards, or the like

|  | G09F 11/15 |
· · | the elements being flexible sheets

|  | G09F 11/16 |
· · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/18 |
· | the display elements being carried by belts, chains, or the like, other than endless

|  | G09F 11/20 |
· · | the elements being in the form of stiff flaps, boards, cards, or the like

|  | G09F 11/21 |
· · | the elements being flexible sheets

|  | G09F 11/22 |
· · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/23 |
· | the advertising or display material forming part of rotating members, e.g. in the form of perforations, prints, or transparencies on a drum or disc

|  | G09F 11/235 |
· · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/24 |
· | the advertising or display material forming part of a moving band, e.g. in the form of perforations, prints, or transparencies

|  | G09F 11/26 |
· · | of an endless band

|  | G09F 11/28 |
· · · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/29 |
· · | of a band other than endless

|  | G09F 11/295 |
· · · | Electric control therefor

|  | G09F 11/30 |
· | the display elements being fed one by one from a storage place to a display position

|  | G09F 11/32 |
· · | the feeding means comprising belts or chains, e.g. endless belts or chains

|  | G09F 11/34 |
· · | the feeding means comprising electromagnets

P:60 |  | G09F 13/00 |
Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/00 take precedence; control of displays in general using static means to present variable information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G)

|  | G09F 13/02 |
· | Signs, boards, or panels, illuminated by artificial light sources positioned in front of the insignia

|  | G09F 13/04 |
· | Signs, boards, or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia

|  | G09F 13/06 |
· · | using individual cut-out symbols or cut-out silhouettes, e.g. perforated signs

|  | G09F 13/08 |
· · | using both translucent and non-translucent layers (backlighting of liquid crystal display panels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/13357)

|  | G09F 13/10 |
· · · | using transparencies

|  | G09F 13/12 |
· · | using a transparent mirror or other light- reflecting surface transparent to transmitted light whereby a sign, symbol, picture, or other information is visible only when illuminated

|  | G09F 13/14 |
· · | Arrangements of reflectors therein

|  | G09F 13/16 |
· | Signs formed of, or incorporating, reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape

|  | G09F 13/18 |
· | Edge-illuminated signs

|  | G09F 13/20 |
· | with luminescent surfaces or parts (luminescent materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 11/00; light sources using luminescence Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21K 2/00)

|  | G09F 13/22 |
· · | electroluminescent (electroluminescent light sources per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 33/00)

|  | G09F 13/24 |
· | using tubes or the like filled with liquid, e.g. bubbling liquid

|  | G09F 13/26 |
· | Signs formed by electric discharge tubes (by selective lighting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/00)

|  | G09F 13/28 |
· | Signs formed by filament-type lamps (by selective lighting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 9/00)

|  | G09F 13/30 |
· | with moving light sources, e.g. rotating luminous tubes

|  | G09F 13/32 |
· | with moving optical part or parts, e.g. mirrors

|  | G09F 13/34 |
· | with light sources co-operating with movable members, e.g. with shutters to cover or uncover the light source (apparatus wherein advertising or display material is moved in a continuous or intermittent succession Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 11/00)

|  | G09F 13/36 |
· · | co-operating with rotating screening means

|  | G09F 13/42 |
· | with light sources activated by non-visible radiation (cathode ray image or pattern display tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 31/10; lamps with luminescent screens excited by cathode rays Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 63/06)

|  | G09F 13/44 |
· | with gas as lighting source

|  | G09F 13/46 |
· | Advertising by fireworks

P:110 |  | G09F 15/00 |
Boards, hoardings, pillars, or like structures for notices, placards, posters, or the like

|  | G09F 15/02 |
· | Bills, posters, or the like therefor

P:80 |  | G09F 17/00 |
Flags; Banners; Mountings therefor (devices specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/34)

P:130 |  | G09F 19/00 |
Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for

|  | G09F 19/02 |
· | incorporating moving display members

|  | G09F 19/04 |
· · | operated by the opening or closing of doors, e.g. shop door

|  | G09F 19/06 |
· · | Writing devices

|  | G09F 19/08 |
· · | Dolls, faces, or other representations of living forms with moving parts (in the nature of toys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H)

|  | G09F 19/10 |
· · | Devices demonstrating the action of an article to be advertised

|  | G09F 19/12 |
· | using special optical effects (designs or pictures characterised by special light effects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44F 1/00, e.g. changing pictures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44F 1/10)

|  | G09F 19/14 |
· · | displaying different signs depending upon the view-point of the observer

|  | G09F 19/16 |
· · | involving the use of mirrors

|  | G09F 19/18 |
· · | involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds (projection apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B)

|  | G09F 19/20 |
· · | with colour-mixing effects

|  | G09F 19/22 |
· | Advertising or display means on roads, walls, or similar surfaces, e.g. illuminated (illuminated signs in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 13/00)

P:20 |  | G09F 21/00 |
Mobile visual advertising

|  | G09F 21/02 |
· | by a carrier person or animal

|  | G09F 21/04 |
· | by land vehicles

|  | G09F 21/06 |
· | by aeroplanes, airships, balloons, or kites

|  | G09F 21/08 |
· · | the advertising matter being arranged on the aircraft

|  | G09F 21/10 |
· · · | illuminated

|  | G09F 21/12 |
· · | the advertising matter being towed by the aircraft (kites per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C 31/06)

|  | G09F 21/14 |
· · · | illuminated

|  | G09F 21/16 |
· · | Sky-writing (aircraft adaptation for sky-writing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64D 1/20)

|  | G09F 21/18 |
· | by ships or other floating means

|  | G09F 21/20 |
· · | illuminated

|  | G09F 21/22 |
· | Dispensing devices for pamphlets or similar advertising matter from vehicles (from aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64D 1/00)

P:30 |  | G09F 23/00 |
Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes (on or in vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 21/00; containers, packaging-elements, or packages, with auxiliary means or provisions for displaying articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D)

|  | G09F 23/02 |
· | the advertising matter being displayed by the operation of the article

|  | G09F 23/04 |
· · | illuminated

|  | G09F 23/06 |
· | the advertising matter being combined with articles for restaurants, shops, or offices (on paper articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 23/10)

|  | G09F 23/08 |
· · | with tableware

|  | G09F 23/10 |
· | on paper articles, e.g. booklets, newspapers

|  | G09F 23/12 |
· · | on toilet paper

|  | G09F 23/14 |
· | on toys, games, puzzles, or similar devices

|  | G09F 23/16 |
· | on clocks, e.g. controlled by the clock mechanism

P:10 |  | G09F 25/00 |
Audible advertising (sound-recording or reproducing in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; public address systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R 27/00)

P:0 |  | G09F 27/00 |
Combined visual and audible advertising or displaying, e.g. for public address