|  | E |
SECTION E — FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS

BUILDING

|  | E02 |
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL-SHIFTING

|  | E02D |
FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS (specially adapted for hydraulic engineering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B); UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES [6]

|  | E02D |
Note(s) This subclass covers underground structures made by foundation engineering, i.e. involving disturbance of the ground surface. [6] This subclass does not cover underground spaces, made by underground mining methods only, i.e. not involving disturbance of the ground surface, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21D. [6]

|  | E02D |
Subclass index
INVESTIGATING, IMPROVING OR PRESERVING FOUNDATION SOIL OR ROCK | 1/00, 3/00
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES THEREFOR |
Structural elements | 5/00
Placing; removing; placing and removing; accessories | 7/00; 9/00; 11/00; 13/00
HANDLING MATERIALS | 15/00
EXCAVATIONS, MAKING EMBANKMENTS | 17/00
KEEPING DRY FOUNDATION SITES | 19/00
CAISSONS | 23/00, 25/00
FOUNDATIONS AS SUBSTRUCTURES; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES, RETAINING WALLS | 27/00; 29/00
PROTECTING, TESTING, STRAIGHTENING, LIFTING, REPAIRING | 31/00 - 37/00

P:30 |  | E02D 1/00 |
Investigation of foundation soil in situ (investigation involving boring or specially adapted to earth drilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 25/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 49/00; investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N, e.g. sampling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/00)

|  | E02D 1/02 |
· | before construction work

|  | E02D 1/04 |
· · | Sampling of soil

|  | E02D 1/06 |
· · | Sampling of ground water

|  | E02D 1/08 |
· | after finishing the foundation structure

P:160 |  | E02D 3/00 |
Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil (securing of slopes or inclines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 17/20; damming or interrupting passage of underground water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 19/12; improving soil for agricultural purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01; soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/10; setting rock anchoring bolts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21D)

|  | E02D 3/02 |
· | Improving by compacting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/11 takes precedence; compacting soil locally before or while forming foundations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 27/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 27/28) [3]

|  | E02D 3/026 |
· · | by rolling with rollers usable only for or specially adapted for soil compaction, e.g. sheepsfoot rollers (rollers for soil working in agriculture Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01B 29/00; rollers for road paving, such rollers usable also for compacting soil Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/23) [3]

|  | E02D 3/032 |
· · · | Trench rollers [3]

|  | E02D 3/039 |
· · · | Slope rollers [3]

|  | E02D 3/046 |
· · | by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/026, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/08 take precedence; tamping or vibrating apparatus for working ballast on railways Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01B 27/00, for consolidating paving materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/30, for consolidating concrete in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 21/06) [3]

|  | E02D 3/054 |
· · · | involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation [3]

|  | E02D 3/061 |
· · · | Tampers with directly acting explosion chambers (pile drivers with explosion chambers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 7/12) [3]

|  | E02D 3/068 |
· · · | Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving reciprocating masses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/054, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/061 take precedence) [3]

|  | E02D 3/074 |
· · · | Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/054 takes precedence) [3]

|  | E02D 3/08 |
· · | by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles (sand drains for soil compaction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/10; stressing soil while forming foundations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 27/28)

|  | E02D 3/10 |
· · | by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/11 takes precedence; soil-penetrating vibrators with auxiliary watering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/054; drainage of soil in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 11/00) [3]

|  | E02D 3/11 |
· | by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means (freezing soil for interrupting passage of underground water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 19/14) [3]

|  | E02D 3/115 |
· · | by freezing [3]

|  | E02D 3/12 |
· | Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil (making piles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 5/46; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 17/00)

P:110 |  | E02D 5/00 |
Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering (engineering elements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16)

|  | E02D 5/02 |
· | Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads

|  | E02D 5/03 |
· · | Prefabricated parts

|  | E02D 5/04 |
· · · | made of steel

|  | E02D 5/06 |
· · · · | Fitted piles or other elements specially adapted for closing gaps between two sheet piles or between two walls of sheet piles

|  | E02D 5/08 |
· · · · | Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces

|  | E02D 5/10 |
· · · | made of concrete or reinforced concrete

|  | E02D 5/12 |
· · · · | Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces

|  | E02D 5/14 |
· · | Sealing joints between adjacent piles (sealing joints not restricted to foundation piles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/68)

|  | E02D 5/16 |
· · | Auxiliary devices rigidly or detachably arranged on sheet piles for facilitating assembly

|  | E02D 5/18 |
· | Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ

|  | E02D 5/20 |
· | Bulkheads or similar walls made of prefabricated parts and concrete, including reinforced concrete, in situ

|  | E02D 5/22 |
· | Piles (sheet piles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 5/02)

|  | E02D 5/24 |
· · | Prefabricated piles

|  | E02D 5/26 |
· · · | made of timber with or without reinforcement; Means affording protection against spoiling of the wood (cases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 5/60; impregnating agents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K 3/16); Self-cleaning of piles placed in water

|  | E02D 5/28 |
· · · | made of steel

|  | E02D 5/30 |
· · · | made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete

|  | E02D 5/32 |
· · · | with arrangements for setting in position by fluid jets

|  | E02D 5/34 |
· · | Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position

|  | E02D 5/36 |
· · · | making without use of mould-pipes or other moulds

|  | E02D 5/38 |
· · · | making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds

|  | E02D 5/40 |
· · · · | in open water

|  | E02D 5/42 |
· · · · | by making use of pressure liquid or pressure gas for compacting the concrete

|  | E02D 5/44 |
· · · · | with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile

|  | E02D 5/46 |
· · · | making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil (consolidating soil in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/12)

|  | E02D 5/48 |
· · | Piles varying in construction along their length

|  | E02D 5/50 |
· · | Piles comprising both precast concrete portions and concrete portions cast in situ

|  | E02D 5/52 |
· · | Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes

|  | E02D 5/54 |
· · | Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles

|  | E02D 5/56 |
· · | Screw piles

|  | E02D 5/58 |
· · | Prestressed concrete piles

|  | E02D 5/60 |
· · | Piles with protecting cases

|  | E02D 5/62 |
· · | Compacting the soil at the footing or in a casing by forcing cement or like material through tubes

|  | E02D 5/64 |
· · | Repairing piles

|  | E02D 5/66 |
· | Mould-pipes or other moulds

|  | E02D 5/68 |
· · | for making bulkheads

|  | E02D 5/70 |
· · | for making sheet piles

|  | E02D 5/72 |
· | Pile shoes

|  | E02D 5/74 |
· | Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads (anchoring piles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 5/54)

|  | E02D 5/76 |
· · | Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof

|  | E02D 5/80 |
· · | Ground anchors

P:130 |  | E02D 7/00 |
Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes, or other moulds (for both placing and removing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 11/00)

|  | E02D 7/02 |
· | Placing by driving

|  | E02D 7/04 |
· · | Hand pile-drivers

|  | E02D 7/06 |
· · | Power-driven drivers

|  | E02D 7/08 |
· · · | Drop drivers with free-falling hammer

|  | E02D 7/10 |
· · · | with pressure-operated hammer

|  | E02D 7/12 |
· · · | Drivers with explosion chambers

|  | E02D 7/14 |
· · · | Components for drivers

|  | E02D 7/16 |
· · · · | Scaffolds for drivers

|  | E02D 7/18 |
· | Placing by vibrating

|  | E02D 7/20 |
· | Placing by pressure or pulling power

|  | E02D 7/22 |
· | Placing by screwing down

|  | E02D 7/24 |
· | Placing by using fluid jets

|  | E02D 7/26 |
· | Placing by using several means simultaneously

|  | E02D 7/28 |
· | Placing of hollow piles or mould-pipes by means arranged inside the piles or pipes

|  | E02D 7/30 |
· · | by driving cores

P:140 |  | E02D 9/00 |
Removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes, or other moulds (for both placing and removing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 11/00)

|  | E02D 9/02 |
· | by withdrawing

|  | E02D 9/04 |
· | by cutting-off under water

P:120 |  | E02D 11/00 |
Methods or apparatus for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes (features relating to placing only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 7/00, to removing only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 9/00)

P:150 |  | E02D 13/00 |
Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads

|  | E02D 13/02 |
· | specially adapted for placing or removing bulkheads

|  | E02D 13/04 |
· | Guide devices; Guide frames

|  | E02D 13/06 |
· | for observation while placing

|  | E02D 13/08 |
· | Removing obstacles

|  | E02D 13/10 |
· | Follow-blocks of pile-drivers or like devices

P:170 |  | E02D 15/00 |
Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations (conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 21/02)

|  | E02D 15/02 |
· | Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation purposes

|  | E02D 15/04 |
· · | Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, boreholes, or narrow shafts

|  | E02D 15/06 |
· · | Placing concrete under water

|  | E02D 15/08 |
· | Sinking workpieces into water or soil

|  | E02D 15/10 |
· | Placing gravel or like material under water

P:100 |  | E02D 17/00 |
Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments (soil shifting apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02F; earth drilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21)

|  | E02D 17/02 |
· | Foundation pits

|  | E02D 17/04 |
· · | Bordering or stiffening the sides of foundation pits

|  | E02D 17/06 |
· | Foundation ditches or narrow shafts

|  | E02D 17/08 |
· · | Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches or narrow shafts for foundations

|  | E02D 17/10 |
· · | Covering trenches for foundations

|  | E02D 17/12 |
· · | Back-filling of foundation trenches or ditches

|  | E02D 17/13 |
· | Foundation slots; Implements for making these slots

|  | E02D 17/16 |
· | Loosening of soil or rock, under water (for correcting streams Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 3/02; by dredgers or excavators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02F)

|  | E02D 17/18 |
· | Making embankments (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 17/20 takes precedence)

|  | E02D 17/20 |
· | Securing of slopes or inclines

P:80 |  | E02D 19/00 |
Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground (sheet piles or bulkheads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 5/02)

|  | E02D 19/02 |
· | Restraining of open water

|  | E02D 19/04 |
· · | by coffer-dams

|  | E02D 19/06 |
· | Restraining of underground water

|  | E02D 19/08 |
· · | by employing open ditches arranged below the level of the water

|  | E02D 19/10 |
· · | by lowering level of ground water

|  | E02D 19/12 |
· · | by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water

|  | E02D 19/14 |
· · · | by freezing the soil (in connection with sinking shafts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21D 1/12)

|  | E02D 19/16 |
· · · | by placing or applying sealing substances (consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/12)

|  | E02D 19/18 |
· · · | by making use of sealing aprons (sealings or joints for engineering work Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 3/16)

|  | E02D 19/20 |
· · · | by displacing the water, e.g. by compressed air

|  | E02D 19/22 |
· | Lining sumps in trenches

P:20 |  | E02D 23/00 |
Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons (tunnels submerged into or built in open water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 29/063) [6]

|  | E02D 23/02 |
· | Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ

|  | E02D 23/04 |
· | Pneumatic caissons

|  | E02D 23/06 |
· · | Bringing persons or material into, or out of, compressed air caissons

|  | E02D 23/08 |
· | Lowering or sinking caissons

|  | E02D 23/10 |
· · | Caissons filled with compressed air

|  | E02D 23/12 |
· · | Inclined lowering

|  | E02D 23/14 |
· · | Decreasing the skin friction while lowering

|  | E02D 23/16 |
· | Jointing caissons to the foundation soil, specially to uneven foundation soil

P:10 |  | E02D 25/00 |
Joining caissons or like sunk units to each other under water

P:70 |  | E02D 27/00 |
Foundations as substructures

|  | E02D 27/01 |
· | Flat foundations

|  | E02D 27/02 |
· · | Flat foundations without substantial excavation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 27/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 27/08 take precedence)

|  | E02D 27/04 |
· · | in water or on quicksand

|  | E02D 27/06 |
· · · | Floating caisson foundations

|  | E02D 27/08 |
· · | Reinforcements for flat foundations

|  | E02D 27/10 |
· | Deep foundations

|  | E02D 27/12 |
· · | Pile foundations

|  | E02D 27/14 |
· · · | Pile framings

|  | E02D 27/16 |
· · · | Foundations formed of separate piles

|  | E02D 27/18 |
· · | Foundations formed by making use of caissons

|  | E02D 27/20 |
· · | Caisson foundations combined with pile foundations

|  | E02D 27/22 |
· · | Caisson foundations made by starting from fixed or floating artificial islands by using protective bulkheads

|  | E02D 27/24 |
· | Foundations constructed by making use of diving-bells (equipment for dwelling or working under water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63C 11/00)

|  | E02D 27/26 |
· | Compacting soil locally before forming foundations; Construction of foundation structures by forcing binding substances into gravel fillings (consolidating foundation soil in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/02-E02D 3/12)

|  | E02D 27/28 |
· | Stressing the soil or the foundation structure while forming foundations

|  | E02D 27/30 |
· | Foundations made with permanent use of sheet pile bulkheads, walls of planks, or sheet piling boxes

|  | E02D 27/32 |
· | Foundations for special purposes

|  | E02D 27/34 |
· · | Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories (building constructions with protection arrangements against earthquakes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04H 9/02)

|  | E02D 27/35 |
· · | Foundations formed in frozen ground, e.g. in permafrost soil [3]

|  | E02D 27/36 |
· · | Foundations formed in moors or bogs

|  | E02D 27/38 |
· · | Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks

|  | E02D 27/40 |
· · | Foundations for dams across valleys or for dam constructions

|  | E02D 27/42 |
· · | Foundations for poles, masts, or chimneys

|  | E02D 27/44 |
· · | Foundations for machines, engines, or ordnance (special layout of foundations with respect to machinery to be supported Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16M 9/00)

|  | E02D 27/46 |
· · | Foundations for supply conduits or other canals

|  | E02D 27/48 |
· · | Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions

|  | E02D 27/50 |
· · | Anchored foundations

|  | E02D 27/52 |
· · | Submerged foundations

P:0 |  | E02D 29/00 |
Underground or underwater structures (underground tanks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 88/76; hydraulic engineering, e.g. sealings or joints, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B; underground garages Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04H 6/00; underground air-raid shelters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04H 9/12; burial vaults Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04H 13/00); Retaining walls [6]

|  | E02D 29/02 |
· | Retaining or protecting walls (piers or quay walls Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 3/06)

|  | E02D 29/045 |
· | Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them [6]

|  | E02D 29/05 |
· · | at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench [6]

|  | E02D 29/055 |
· · · | further excavation of the cross-section proceeding underneath an already installed part of the structure, e.g. the roof of a tunnel [6]

|  | E02D 29/063 |
· | Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water (construction or placing of caissons in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 23/00; joining caissons to each other under water, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 25/00) [6]

|  | E02D 29/067 |
· · | Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed (pontoons or floating bridges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01D 15/14) [6]

|  | E02D 29/07 |
· · | Tunnels or shuttering therefor preconstructed as a whole or continuously made, and moved into place on the water-bed, e.g. into a preformed trench [6]

|  | E02D 29/073 |
· · | Tunnels or shuttering therefor assembled from sections individually sunk onto, or laid on, the water-bed, e.g. in a preformed trench (caisson-type sections lowered onto the water-bed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 29/077) [6]

|  | E02D 29/077 |
· · | Tunnels at least partially built beneath the water-bed characterised by being made by methods involving disturbance thereof all along the location line, e.g. by cut-and-cover or caisson methods [6]

|  | E02D 29/09 |
· | Constructions or methods of constructing, in water, not otherwise provided for [6]

|  | E02D 29/12 |
· | Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor (for underground tanks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 90/10; for sewerage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03F 5/02) [6]

|  | E02D 29/14 |
· · | Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers [6]

|  | E02D 29/16 |
· | Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures (sealing joints not restricted to foundation structures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/68)

P:90 |  | E02D 31/00 |
Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution (spillage retaining means for tanks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 90/24)

|  | E02D 31/02 |
· | against ground humidity or ground water

|  | E02D 31/04 |
· · | Watertight packings for use under hydraulic pressure

|  | E02D 31/06 |
· | against corrosion by soil or water

|  | E02D 31/08 |
· | against transmission of vibrations or movements in the foundation soil

|  | E02D 31/10 |
· | against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure

|  | E02D 31/12 |
· · | against upward hydraulic pressure

|  | E02D 31/14 |
· · | against frost heaves in soil [3]

P:60 |  | E02D 33/00 |
Testing foundations or foundation structures (testing methods or apparatus, see the relevant subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; testing structures or apparatus as regards function, in general, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M; investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N)

P:40 |  | E02D 35/00 |
Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations

P:50 |  | E02D 37/00 |
Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures