|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C10 |
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

|  | C10N |
INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M [4]

|  | C10N |
Note(s) This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M, relating to: metals and the metal of a compound (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 10/00); the properties of the lubricant composition or constituents thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 20/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 30/00); the use or application of the lubricant composition (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 40/00); the form in which the lubricant composition is applied (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 50/00); chemical modification by after-treatment of lubricant constituents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 60/00); special methods of preparation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 70/00); special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10N 80/00). In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like; "aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]

|  | C10N 10/00 |
Metal present as such or in compounds [4]

|  | C10N 10/00 |
Note(s) In this group, metals should be indexed according to their group of the Periodic Table. [4]

|  | C10N 10/02 |
· | Group 1 [4]

|  | C10N 10/04 |
· | Group 2 [4]

|  | C10N 10/06 |
· | Group 3 [4]

|  | C10N 10/08 |
· | Group 4 [4]

|  | C10N 10/10 |
· | Group 5 [4]

|  | C10N 10/12 |
· | Group 6 [4]

|  | C10N 10/14 |
· | Group 7 [4]

|  | C10N 10/16 |
· | Group 8 [4]

|  | C10N 20/00 |
Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions [4]

|  | C10N 20/02 |
· | Viscosity; Viscosity index [4]

|  | C10N 20/04 |
· | Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution [4]

|  | C10N 20/06 |
· | Particles of special shape or size [4]

|  | C10N 30/00 |
Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives [4]

|  | C10N 30/02 |
· | Pour-point; Viscosity index [4]

|  | C10N 30/04 |
· | Detergent or dispersant property [4]

|  | C10N 30/06 |
· | Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure [4]

|  | C10N 30/08 |
· | Resistance to extreme temperature [4]

|  | C10N 30/10 |
· | Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants [4]

|  | C10N 30/12 |
· | Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives [4]

|  | C10N 30/14 |
· | Metal deactivation [4]

|  | C10N 30/16 |
· | Antiseptic; Biocidal [4]

|  | C10N 30/18 |
· | Anti-foaming property [4]

|  | C10N 30/20 |
· | Colour, e.g. dyes [4]

|  | C10N 40/00 |
Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended [4]

|  | C10N 40/02 |
· | Bearings [4]

|  | C10N 40/04 |
· | Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives [4]

|  | C10N 40/06 |
· | Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids [4]

|  | C10N 40/08 |
· | Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids [4]

|  | C10N 40/10 |
· | Running-in oil [4]

|  | C10N 40/12 |
· | Gas-turbines [4]

|  | C10N 40/13 |
· · | Aircraft turbines [5]

|  | C10N 40/14 |
· | Electric or magnetic purposes [4]

|  | C10N 40/16 |
· · | dielectric; Insulating oil [4]

|  | C10N 40/18 |
· · | in connection with recordings on magnetic tape or disc [4]

|  | C10N 40/20 |
· | Metal working [4]

|  | C10N 40/22 |
· · | with essential removal of material [4]

|  | C10N 40/24 |
· · | without essential removal of material; Punching metal [4]

|  | C10N 40/25 |
· | Internal-combustion engines [5]

|  | C10N 40/26 |
· · | Two-stroke [4,5]

|  | C10N 40/28 |
· · | Rotary [4,5]

|  | C10N 40/30 |
· | Refrigerator lubricant [5]

|  | C10N 40/32 |
· | Wire, rope or cable lubricants [5]

|  | C10N 40/34 |
· | Lubricating-sealants [5]

|  | C10N 40/36 |
· | Release agents [5]

|  | C10N 50/00 |
Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated [4]

|  | C10N 50/02 |
· | dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating [4]

|  | C10N 50/04 |
· | Aerosol [4]

|  | C10N 50/06 |
· | Gaseous phase, at least during working conditions [4]

|  | C10N 50/08 |
· | solid [4]

|  | C10N 50/10 |
· | semi-solid; greasy [4]

|  | C10N 60/00 |
Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition [4]

|  | C10N 60/02 |
· | Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation [4]

|  | C10N 60/04 |
· | Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation [4]

|  | C10N 60/06 |
· | by epoxides [4]

|  | C10N 60/08 |
· | Halogenation [4]

|  | C10N 60/10 |
· | by sulfur or a compound containing sulfur [4]

|  | C10N 60/12 |
· | by phosphorus or a compound containing phosphorus, e.g. PxSy [4]

|  | C10N 60/14 |
· | by boron or a compound containing boron [4]

|  | C10N 70/00 |
Special methods of preparation [4]

|  | C10N 80/00 |
Special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated, e.g. phosphatising or chromatising of a metal [4]