|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SEPARATING; MIXING

|  | B01 - B07 |
Note(s) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. In this sub-section, the separation of different materials, e.g. of different matter, size, or state, is predominantly found in the following subclasses: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. The classifying characteristics of these subclasses are: the physical state of the matter to be separated; the principle of the process used; particular kinds of apparatus. The first of these characteristics involves six different aspects, assembled in three groups: liquid/liquid or liquid/gas and gas/gas; solid/liquid or solid/gas; solid/solid. These subclasses are to be used according to the following general rules: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D is the most general class as far as separation other than solids from solids is concerned. Apparatus for separating solids from solids are covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B when the process concerned is regarded as the equivalent of "washing" in the sense of the mining art, even if such apparatus is a pneumatic one, especially pneumatic tables or jigs. Screens per se are not covered by this subclass but are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, even if they are being used in a wet process. All other apparatus for the separation of solids from solids according to dry methods are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B. If the separation takes place as a result of the detection or measurement of some feature of the material or articles to be sorted it is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. It should also be noted that the separation of isotopes of the same chemical element is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00, whatever process or apparatus is employed.

|  | B01 - B07 |
Subsection index
LIQUID/LIQUID, LIQUID/GAS OR GAS/GAS SEPARATION |
Method |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
Apparatus |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
SOLID/LIQUID OR SOLID/GAS SEPARATION |
Method |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force | B01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
Apparatus |
General operations | B01D
by centrifugal force | B01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
SOLID/SOLID SEPARATION |
Method |
Dry methods |
material in bulk | B07B
Individual sorting | B07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting | B07B
using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
by centrifugal force | B07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B07B
Wet methods |
General operations | B03B
flotation, differential sedimentation | B03D
screening | B07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methods | B03B
Apparatus |
Dry methods |
material in bulk | B07B
Individual sorting | B07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting | B07B
using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effect | B03C
by centrifugal force | B07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus | B04B, B04C
Wet methods |
General operations | B03B
flotation, differential sedimentation | B03D
screening | B07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methods | B03B

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B01D |
SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D, by pneumatic jigs or tables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, by other dry methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 9/02; treatment of water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42; arrangement or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24F 13/28) [5]

|  | B01D |
Note(s) This subclass covers: evaporation, distillation, crystallisation, filtration, dust precipitation, gas cleaning, absorption, adsorption; similar processes which are not concerned with, or limited to, separation (except in the case of absorption or adsorption). In this subclass, the terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated: "filtration" and analogous terms include straining solids from fluids; "filter medium" is a porous material or porous arrangement of material used to filter solids from fluids; [5] "filtering element" is a section of filter medium in addition to parts to which the medium is demountably or permanently fixed, including other sections of medium, end caps, peripheral frames or edge strips, but excluding housings; [5] "filter housing" is the fluid-constraining impervious vessel, whether open or closed, which contains, or is adapted to contain, one or more filtering elements or filter media; [5] "filter chamber" is the space within a housing, where filtering elements or filter media are located. Partitions may divide a single housing into a plurality of chambers; [5] "filtering apparatus" consists of filtering elements combined with housings, cleaning arrangements, motor or the like parts, which are characteristic of the particular type of apparatus. Ancillary devices such as pumps or valves are considered part of a filtering apparatus when inside the apparatus. Ancillary devices performing similar or different unit operation such as comminutors, mixers or non-filtering separators, whether or not inside the apparatus, are not considered part of a filtering apparatus. The term does not extend to apparatus, e.g. washing machines, of which the filter forms only a part. [5] For apparatus used in drying or evaporation, class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26 takes precedence over this subclass. Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00 takes precedence over the other groups of this subclass and over other subclasses in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01.

|  | B01D |
Subclass index
EVAPORATION; DISTILLATION; SUBLIMATION | 1/00; 3/00; 5/00; 7/00
COLD TRAPS, COLD BAFFLES | 8/00
CRYSTALLISATION | 9/00
SOLVENT EXTRACTION | 11/00
TREATING LIQUIDS: DISPLACEMENT, ADSORPTION, SEPARATION, DEGASIFICATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY | 12/00, 15/00, 17/00, 19/00
TREATING GASES OR VAPOURS: SEPARATION, RECOVERING, CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION OF WASTE GASES | 53/00
SEPARATION OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES FROM LIQUIDS |
By sedimentation | 21/00
By filtration |
processes | 37/00
gravity filters; filters formed from filtering elements, pressure or suction filters | 24/00; 25/00, 29/00
cartridge filters | 27/00
filters with mobile filtering elements | 33/00
filtering devices | 35/00
filter circuits or combinations | 36/00
By other processes | 43/00
SEPARATION OF DISPERSED PARTICLES FROM GASES OR VAPOURS |
Pretreatment of the gas or vapour | 51/00
By gravity, inertia, centrifugal force; by filtration; by a combination of devices | 45/00; 46/00; 50/00
By other methods | 47/00, 49/00
FILTERING MATERIALS | 39/00, 41/00
SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES | 59/00
ABSORPTION, ADSORPTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY; OTHER SEPARATING METHODS | 15/00, 15/08, 53/02, 53/14; 57/00
SEPARATION USING SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES; DIALYSIS, OSMOSIS, ULTRAFILTRATION | 61/00 - 71/00

P:20 |  | B01D 1/00 |
Evaporating (removal of incrustation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B; preparation of starch Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B 30/00; sugar industry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13; prevention of incrustation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F; drying solid materials or objects by evaporating liquids therefrom Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26)

|  | B01D 1/02 |
· | Evaporators with heating coils

|  | B01D 1/04 |
· | Evaporators with horizontal tubes

|  | B01D 1/06 |
· | Evaporators with vertical tubes

|  | B01D 1/08 |
· · | with short tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/10 |
· · | with long tubes, e.g. Kestner evaporators (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/12 |
· · | and forced circulation

|  | B01D 1/14 |
· | with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid

|  | B01D 1/16 |
· | by spraying (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/22 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/18 |
· · | to obtain dry solids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/24 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/20 |
· · | Sprayers (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B)

|  | B01D 1/22 |
· | by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface

|  | B01D 1/24 |
· · | to obtain dry solids

|  | B01D 1/26 |
· | Multiple-effect evaporating

|  | B01D 1/28 |
· | with vapour compression

|  | B01D 1/30 |
· | Accessories for evaporators

P:30 |  | B01D 3/00 |
Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping (gas chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08; destructive distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B; preparation of alcoholic beverages by distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12G 3/12) [2]

|  | B01D 3/02 |
· | in boilers or stills [2]

|  | B01D 3/04 |
· | pipe stills

|  | B01D 3/06 |
· | Flash distillation [2]

|  | B01D 3/08 |
· | in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/10 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 3/10 |
· | Vacuum distillation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/12 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01D 3/12 |
· | Molecular distillation [2]

|  | B01D 3/14 |
· | Fractional distillation

|  | B01D 3/16 |
· · | Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid (packing elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/32)

|  | B01D 3/18 |
· · · | with horizontal bubble plates

|  | B01D 3/20 |
· · · · | Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid

|  | B01D 3/22 |
· · · | with horizontal sieve plates or grids; Construction of sieve plates or grids

|  | B01D 3/24 |
· · · | with sloping plates or elements mounted stepwise

|  | B01D 3/26 |
· · | Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow pass each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction

|  | B01D 3/28 |
· · · | Fractionating columns with surface contact and vertical guides, e.g. film action

|  | B01D 3/30 |
· · | Fractionating columns with movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused

|  | B01D 3/32 |
· · | Other features of fractionating columns

|  | B01D 3/34 |
· | with one or more auxiliary substances

|  | B01D 3/36 |
· · | Azeotropic distillation

|  | B01D 3/38 |
· · | Steam distillation

|  | B01D 3/40 |
· · | Extractive distillation

|  | B01D 3/42 |
· | Regulation; Control

P:50 |  | B01D 5/00 |
Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00 takes precedence; condensers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28B) [3]

P:60 |  | B01D 7/00 |
Sublimation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00 takes precedence; freeze-drying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26)

|  | B01D 7/02 |
· | Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase (into single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B 23/00) [2]

P:40 |  | B01D 8/00 |
Cold traps; Cold baffles (pumps for evacuating by condensing or freezing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 37/08) [3]

P:70 |  | B01D 9/00 |
Crystallisation (crystallisation directly from the vapour phase Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 7/02; making single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B)

|  | B01D 9/02 |
· | from solutions

|  | B01D 9/04 |
· · | concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvent therefrom

P:80 |  | B01D 11/00 |
Solvent extraction

|  | B01D 11/02 |
· | of solids

|  | B01D 11/04 |
· | of solutions which are liquid

P:270 |  | B01D 12/00 |
Displacing liquid, e.g. from wet solids or from dispersions of liquids or from solids in liquids, by means of another liquid

P:280 |  | B01D 15/00 |
Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents (using liquid sorbents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 11/00; ion exchange processes or materials, sorbent materials in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J, e.g. sorbents for chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/281; for investigating or analysing materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 30/00); Apparatus therefor [4]

|  | B01D 15/02 |
· | with moving adsorbents

|  | B01D 15/04 |
· | with ion-exchange materials as adsorbents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/36 takes precedence) [1,8]

|  | B01D 15/08 |
· | Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography

|  | B01D 15/08 |
Note(s) In order that group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08 may provide a basis for a complete search with respect to chromatography in general, all subject matter of general interest is classified in this group even if it is classified primarily in the application-oriented groups, for example dairy products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23C 9/148, treatment of blood e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 1/36, optically active organic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B 57/00 or peptides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K 1/16. [8]

|  | B01D 15/10 |
· · | characterised by constructional or operational features [8]

|  | B01D 15/12 |
· · · | relating to the preparation of the feed [8]

|  | B01D 15/14 |
· · · | relating to the introduction of the feed to the apparatus [8]

|  | B01D 15/16 |
· · · | relating to the conditioning of the fluid carrier [8]

|  | B01D 15/18 |
· · · | relating to flow patterns [8]

|  | B01D 15/20 |
· · · | relating to the conditioning of the sorbent material [8]

|  | B01D 15/22 |
· · · | relating to the construction of the column [8]

|  | B01D 15/24 |
· · · | relating to the treatment of the fractions to be distributed [8]

|  | B01D 15/26 |
· · | characterised by the separation mechanism [8]

|  | B01D 15/30 |
· · · | Partition chromatography [8]

|  | B01D 15/32 |
· · · | Bonded phase chromatography, e.g. with normal bonded phase, reversed phase or hydrophobic interaction [8]

|  | B01D 15/34 |
· · · | Size-selective separation, e.g. size-exclusion chromatography; Gel filtration; Permeation [8]

|  | B01D 15/36 |
· · · | involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion [8]

|  | B01D 15/38 |
· · · | involving specific interaction not covered by one or more of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/30-B01D 15/36, e.g. affinity, ligand exchange or chiral chromatography [8]

|  | B01D 15/40 |
· · · | using supercritical fluid as mobile phase or eluent [8]

|  | B01D 15/42 |
· · | characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution [8]

P:310 |  | B01D 17/00 |
Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion (devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/40; cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 15/04; arrangements for separating lubricants from refrigerants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25B 43/02)

|  | B01D 17/02 |
· | Separation of non-miscible liquids

|  | B01D 17/022 |
· · | by contact with a preferentially wettable solid [4]

|  | B01D 17/025 |
· · | by gravity, in a settling tank [4]

|  | B01D 17/028 |
· · · | provided with a set of baffles [4]

|  | B01D 17/032 |
· · · | provided with special equipment for removing at least one of the separated liquids [4]

|  | B01D 17/035 |
· · | by using gas-bubbles or moving solids introduced into the mixture [4]

|  | B01D 17/038 |
· · | by centrifugal force (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C) [4]

|  | B01D 17/04 |
· · | Breaking emulsions

|  | B01D 17/05 |
· · · | by chemical treatment [4]

|  | B01D 17/06 |
· | Separation of liquids from each other by electricity

|  | B01D 17/09 |
· | by thermal diffusion [4]

|  | B01D 17/12 |
· | Auxiliary equipment particularly adapted for use with liquid-separating apparatus, e.g. control circuits [4]

P:260 |  | B01D 19/00 |
Degasification of liquids

|  | B01D 19/02 |
· | Foam dispersion or prevention (during boiling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01B 1/02; during fermentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12)

|  | B01D 19/04 |
· · | by addition of chemical substances

P:290 |  | B01D 21/00 |
Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation (differential sedimentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D 3/00; devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/40)

|  | B01D 21/01 |
· | using flocculating agents (for purifying water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/52; for liquid radioactive waste Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F 9/10) [2]

|  | B01D 21/02 |
· | Settling tanks [4]

|  | B01D 21/04 |
· · | with moving scrapers

|  | B01D 21/06 |
· · · | with rotating scrapers

|  | B01D 21/08 |
· · | provided with flocculating compartments

|  | B01D 21/18 |
· | Construction of the scrapers or the driving mechanisms for settling tanks

|  | B01D 21/20 |
· · | Driving mechanisms

|  | B01D 21/22 |
· · | Safety mechanisms

|  | B01D 21/24 |
· | Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks

|  | B01D 21/26 |
· | Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 21/28 |
· | Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like [4]

|  | B01D 21/30 |
· | Control equipment [4]

|  | B01D 21/32 |
· · | Density control of clear liquid or sediment, e.g. optical control [4]

|  | B01D 21/34 |
· · | Regulation of feed distribution; Regulation of liquid level [4]

|  | B01D 24/00 - B01D 41/00 |
Filtration; Filtering material, regeneration thereof (blood or infusion liquid filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 5/165; screens or sieves per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B 1/00; extrusion filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 47/68; filtering spinning solution or melt Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01D 1/10; filtration of lubricants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 39/06) [2]

P:210 |  | B01D 24/00 |
Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 27/02 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/02 |
· | with the filter bed stationary during the filtration [5]

|  | B01D 24/04 |
· · | the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/20 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/06 |
· · · | the pervious walls comprising a series of louvres or slots [5]

|  | B01D 24/08 |
· · · | the filtering material being supported by at least two pervious coaxial walls [5]

|  | B01D 24/10 |
· · | the filtering material being held in a closed container [5]

|  | B01D 24/12 |
· · · | Downward filtration, the filtering material being supported by pervious surfaces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/14 |
· · · | Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/16 |
· · · | Upward filtration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/18 |
· · · | Combined upward and downward filtration [5]

|  | B01D 24/20 |
· · | the filtering material being provided in an open container [5]

|  | B01D 24/22 |
· · · | Downward filtration, the filter material being supported by pervious surfaces [5]

|  | B01D 24/24 |
· · · | Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits [5]

|  | B01D 24/26 |
· · · | Upward filtration [5]

|  | B01D 24/28 |
· | with the filter bed moving during the filtration (with the filter bed fluidised Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/36) [5]

|  | B01D 24/30 |
· · | Translation [5]

|  | B01D 24/32 |
· · | Rotation [5]

|  | B01D 24/34 |
· | with the filtering material and its pervious support moving (tipping buckets, trays or like sections Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/327) [5]

|  | B01D 24/36 |
· | with the filter bed fluidised during the filtration (with the filter bed being stationary Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/02) [5]

|  | B01D 24/38 |
· | Feed or discharge devices [5]

|  | B01D 24/40 |
· · | for feeding [5]

|  | B01D 24/42 |
· · | for discharging filtrate [5]

|  | B01D 24/44 |
· · | for discharging filter cake, e.g. chutes [5]

|  | B01D 24/46 |
· | Regenerating the filtering material in the filter (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/44 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 24/48 |
· | integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration [5]

P:180 |  | B01D 25/00 |
Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements (disc filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/39) [5]

|  | B01D 25/02 |
· | in which the elements are pre-formed independent filtering units, e.g. modular systems

|  | B01D 25/12 |
· | Filter presses, i.e. of the plate or plate and frame type

|  | B01D 25/127 |
· · | with one or more movable filter bands arranged to be clamped between the press plates or between a plate and a frame during filtration, e.g. zigzag endless filter bands (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/172, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/176, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/19 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 25/133 |
· · · | with compression of the filter cake, e.g. by inflatable membranes [5]

|  | B01D 25/164 |
· · | Chamber-plate presses, i.e. the sides of the filtering elements being clamped between two successive filtering plates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/127, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/172, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/176, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/19 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 25/168 |
· · · | with compression of the filter cake, e.g. by inflatable membranes [5]

|  | B01D 25/172 |
· · | Plate spreading means (removal of filter cakes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/32) [5]

|  | B01D 25/176 |
· · | attaching the filter element to the filter press plates, e.g. around the central feed hole in the plates [5]

|  | B01D 25/19 |
· · | Clamping means for closing the filter press, e.g. hydraulic jacks [5]

|  | B01D 25/21 |
· · | Plate and frame presses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/172, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/176, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/19 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 25/22 |
· | Cell-type filters

|  | B01D 25/24 |
· · | Cell-type roll filters

|  | B01D 25/26 |
· · | Cell-type stack filters

|  | B01D 25/28 |
· | Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter

|  | B01D 25/30 |
· | Feeding devices

|  | B01D 25/32 |
· | Removal of filter cakes

|  | B01D 25/34 |
· · | by moving the filter elements

|  | B01D 25/36 |
· · · | by centrifugal force

|  | B01D 25/38 |
· · | by moving parts, e.g. scrapers, contacting stationary filter elements

P:200 |  | B01D 27/00 |
Cartridge filters of the throw-away type [5]

|  | B01D 27/02 |
· | with cartridges made from a mass of loose material

|  | B01D 27/04 |
· | with cartridges made of a piece of unitary material, e.g. filter paper

|  | B01D 27/06 |
· · | with corrugated, folded or wound material

|  | B01D 27/07 |
· · · | having a coaxial stream through the filtering element [5]

|  | B01D 27/08 |
· | Construction of the casing

|  | B01D 27/10 |
· | Safety devices, e.g. by-passes

|  | B01D 27/14 |
· | having more than one filtering element [5]

P:220 |  | B01D 29/00 |
Other filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, or filtering elements therefor

|  | B01D 29/01 |
· | with flat filtering elements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/39 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 29/03 |
· · | self-supporting [5]

|  | B01D 29/05 |
· · | supported [5]

|  | B01D 29/07 |
· · · | with corrugated, folded or wound filtering sheets [5]

|  | B01D 29/075 |
· · | located in a closed housing and comprising scrapers or agitators on the cake side of the filtering elements, e.g. Nutsche- or Rosenmund-type filters for performing multiple step operations such as chemical reactions, filtering and cake treatment [5]

|  | B01D 29/075 |
Note(s) If the subject matter classified in this group also contains relevant information covered by other subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/00, it is also classified in the other appropriate subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/00. [5]

|  | B01D 29/085 |
· | Funnel filters; Holders therefor [5]

|  | B01D 29/085 |
Note(s) If the subject matter classified in this group also contains relevant information covered by other subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/00, it is also classified in the other appropriate subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/00. [5]

|  | B01D 29/09 |
· | with filtering bands, e.g. movable between filtering operations [5]

|  | B01D 29/11 |
· | with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements [5]

|  | B01D 29/13 |
· · | Supported filter elements [5]

|  | B01D 29/15 |
· · · | arranged for inward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 29/17 |
· · · · | open-ended [5]

|  | B01D 29/19 |
· · · · | on solid frames with surface grooves or the like [5]

|  | B01D 29/21 |
· · · · | with corrugated, folded or wound sheets [5]

|  | B01D 29/23 |
· · · | arranged for outward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 29/25 |
· · · · | open-ended [5]

|  | B01D 29/27 |
· · · · | Filter bags [5]

|  | B01D 29/31 |
· · | Self-supporting filtering elements [5]

|  | B01D 29/33 |
· · · | arranged for inward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 29/35 |
· · · | arranged for outward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 29/37 |
· · · | open-ended [5]

|  | B01D 29/39 |
· | with hollow discs side by side on, or around, one or more tubes, e.g. of the leaf type [5]

|  | B01D 29/41 |
· · | mounted transversely on the tube [5]

|  | B01D 29/43 |
· · | mounted otherwise than transversely on the tube [5]

|  | B01D 29/44 |
· | Edge filtering elements, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces [4]

|  | B01D 29/46 |
· · | of flat, stacked bodies [4]

|  | B01D 29/48 |
· · | of spirally or helically wound bodies [4]

|  | B01D 29/50 |
· | with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/39 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 29/52 |
· · | in parallel connection [5]

|  | B01D 29/54 |
· · · | arranged concentrically or coaxially [5]

|  | B01D 29/56 |
· · | in series connection [5]

|  | B01D 29/58 |
· · · | arranged concentrically or coaxially [5]

|  | B01D 29/60 |
· | integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration [5]

|  | B01D 29/62 |
· | Regenerating the filter material in the filter (devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters, e.g. for regeneration, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/12) [5]

|  | B01D 29/64 |
· · | by scrapers, brushes or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element [5]

|  | B01D 29/66 |
· · | by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps [5]

|  | B01D 29/68 |
· · · | with backwash arms, shoes or nozzles [5]

|  | B01D 29/70 |
· · | by forces created by movement of the filter element [5]

|  | B01D 29/72 |
· · · | involving vibrations [5]

|  | B01D 29/74 |
· · · | involving centrifugal force [5]

|  | B01D 29/76 |
· | Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/94 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 29/78 |
· · | for washing [5]

|  | B01D 29/80 |
· · | for drying [5]

|  | B01D 29/82 |
· · · | by compression [5]

|  | B01D 29/84 |
· · · | by gases or by heating [5]

|  | B01D 29/86 |
· · | Retarding cake deposition on the filter during the filtration period, e.g. using stirrers [5]

|  | B01D 29/88 |
· | having feed or discharge devices [5]

|  | B01D 29/90 |
· · | for feeding [5]

|  | B01D 29/92 |
· · | for discharging filtrate [5]

|  | B01D 29/94 |
· · | for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes [5]

|  | B01D 29/96 |
· | in which the filtering elements are moved between filtering operations; Particular measures for removing or replacing the filtering elements; Transport systems for filters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/09, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/70 take precedence) [5]

P:190 |  | B01D 33/00 |
Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation (filters comprising loose filtering material moving or fluidised during filtration Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/28-B01D 24/36; centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B) [5]

|  | B01D 33/01 |
· | with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/04-B01D 33/327 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 33/03 |
· · | with vibrating filter elements [5]

|  | B01D 33/04 |
· | with filtering bands or the like supported on cylinders which are impervious for filtering [5]

|  | B01D 33/044 |
· | with filtering bands or the like supported on cylinders which are pervious for filtering [5]

|  | B01D 33/048 |
· · | with endless filtering bands [5]

|  | B01D 33/052 |
· · · | combined with a compression device (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/64 takes precedence; presses per se for squeezing out liquid using an endless pressing band Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 9/24) [5]

|  | B01D 33/056 |
· | Construction of filtering bands or supporting belts, e.g. devices for centering, mounting or sealing the filtering bands or the supporting belts [5]

|  | B01D 33/06 |
· | with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/044 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 33/067 |
· · | Construction of the filtering drums, e.g. mounting or sealing arrangements [5]

|  | B01D 33/073 |
· · | arranged for inward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 33/09 |
· · · | with surface cells independently connected to pressure distributors [5]

|  | B01D 33/11 |
· · | arranged for outward flow filtration [5]

|  | B01D 33/13 |
· · · | with surface cells independently connected to pressure distributors [5]

|  | B01D 33/15 |
· | with rotary plane filtering surfaces [5]

|  | B01D 33/17 |
· · | with rotary filtering tables (tables divided into separately tiltable buckets, trays or like sections Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/327) [5]

|  | B01D 33/19 |
· · · | the table surface being divided in successively tilted sectors or cells, e.g. for discharging the filter cake [5]

|  | B01D 33/21 |
· · | with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft [5]

|  | B01D 33/23 |
· · · | Construction of discs or component sectors thereof [5]

|  | B01D 33/25 |
· · | with hollow frames axially mounted on a hollow rotary shaft [5]

|  | B01D 33/27 |
· | with rotary filtering surfaces, which are neither cylindrical nor planar, e.g. helical surfaces [5]

|  | B01D 33/29 |
· | the movement of the filter elements being a combination of movements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/19 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 33/31 |
· · | Planetary movement [5]

|  | B01D 33/327 |
· · | Tipping buckets, trays or like sections [5]

|  | B01D 33/333 |
· | with individual filtering elements moving along a closed path (tipping buckets, trays or like sections Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/327) [5]

|  | B01D 33/35 |
· | with multiple filtering elements characterised by their mutual disposition (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/21 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 33/37 |
· · | in parallel connection [5]

|  | B01D 33/39 |
· · · | concentrically or coaxially [5]

|  | B01D 33/41 |
· · | in series connection [5]

|  | B01D 33/42 |
· · · | concentrically or coaxially [5]

|  | B01D 33/44 |
· | Regenerating the filter material in the filter (devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters, e.g. for regeneration, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/12) [5]

|  | B01D 33/46 |
· · | by scrapers, brushes or the like acting on the cake-side of the filtering element [5]

|  | B01D 33/48 |
· · | by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps [5]

|  | B01D 33/50 |
· · · | with backwash arms, shoes or nozzles [5]

|  | B01D 33/52 |
· · | by forces created by movement of the filter element [5]

|  | B01D 33/54 |
· · · | involving vibrations [5]

|  | B01D 33/56 |
· · · | involving centrifugal force [5]

|  | B01D 33/58 |
· | Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/76 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 33/60 |
· · | for washing [5]

|  | B01D 33/62 |
· · | for drying [5]

|  | B01D 33/64 |
· · · | by compression [5]

|  | B01D 33/66 |
· · · | by gases or by heating [5]

|  | B01D 33/68 |
· · | Retarding cake deposition on the filter during the filtration period, e.g. using stirrers [5]

|  | B01D 33/70 |
· | having feed or discharge devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/82 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 33/72 |
· · | for feeding [5]

|  | B01D 33/74 |
· · | for discharging filtrate [5]

|  | B01D 33/76 |
· · | for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes [5]

|  | B01D 33/80 |
· | Accessories [5]

|  | B01D 33/82 |
· · | Means for pressure distribution [5]

P:240 |  | B01D 35/00 |
Other filtering devices; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions

|  | B01D 35/01 |
· | Devices for the removal of gas, e.g. air purge systems [5]

|  | B01D 35/02 |
· | Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/05 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 35/027 |
· · | rigidly mounted in or on tanks or reservoirs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/04 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 35/04 |
· · | Plug, tap, or cock filters

|  | B01D 35/05 |
· | Floating filters [5]

|  | B01D 35/06 |
· | Filters making use of electricity or magnetism (ultrafiltration, microfiltration Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/14; electrodialysis, electro-osmosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/42; devices comprising filters and magnetic separators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C 1/30) [5]

|  | B01D 35/10 |
· | Brush filters

|  | B01D 35/12 |
· | Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters, e.g. for regeneration

|  | B01D 35/14 |
· | Safety devices specially adapted for filtration (preventing or minimising fires or explosions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C); Devices for indicating clogging (incorporated in a throw-away filter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 27/10)

|  | B01D 35/143 |
· · | Filter condition indicators [5]

|  | B01D 35/147 |
· · | Bypass or safety valves [5]

|  | B01D 35/15 |
· · | Bidirectional working filters [5]

|  | B01D 35/153 |
· · | Anti-leakage or anti-return valves [5]

|  | B01D 35/157 |
· · | Flow control valves; Damping or calibrated passages [5]

|  | B01D 35/16 |
· | Cleaning-out devices

|  | B01D 35/18 |
· | Heating or cooling the filters

|  | B01D 35/20 |
· | Vibrating the filters (regenerating filter material by vibrations in filters with stationary filtering elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/72; discharging the filter cake by vibrations in filters with moving filtering elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/54, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/76) [5]

|  | B01D 35/22 |
· | Directing the mixture to be filtered on to the filters in a manner to clean the filters

|  | B01D 35/24 |
· | Providing loose granular material to scratch the filters clean

|  | B01D 35/26 |
· | Filters with built-in pumps

|  | B01D 35/28 |
· | Strainers not provided for elsewhere

|  | B01D 35/30 |
· | Filter housing constructions [4]

|  | B01D 35/31 |
· · | including arrangements for environmental protection, e.g. pressure resisting features [5]

|  | B01D 35/32 |
· · · | against radiation [5]

|  | B01D 35/34 |
· · | open-topped (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/31 takes precedence) [5]

P:170 |  | B01D 36/00 |
Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices (devices for the removal of gas, e.g. air purge systems, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/01) [4,5]

|  | B01D 36/02 |
· | Combinations of filters of different kinds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/50, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/35 take precedence) [4,5]

|  | B01D 36/04 |
· | Combinations of filters with settling tanks [4]

P:230 |  | B01D 37/00 |
Processes of filtration (processes specially adapted for filtering gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 46/00)

|  | B01D 37/02 |
· | Precoating the filtering elements or material; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered

|  | B01D 37/03 |
· | using flocculating agents [5]

|  | B01D 37/04 |
· | Controlling the filtration

P:250 |  | B01D 39/00 |
Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids

|  | B01D 39/02 |
· | Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres

|  | B01D 39/04 |
· · | Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton

|  | B01D 39/06 |
· · | Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres

|  | B01D 39/08 |
· | Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material (metallic Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 39/10)

|  | B01D 39/10 |
· | Filter screens essentially made of metal

|  | B01D 39/12 |
· · | of wire gauze; of knitted wire; of expanded metal

|  | B01D 39/14 |
· | Other self-supporting filtering material

|  | B01D 39/16 |
· · | of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres

|  | B01D 39/18 |
· · · | the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof (making filter paper Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F 11/14)

|  | B01D 39/20 |
· · | of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires (porous ceramic material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B; sintering metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C 1/04)

P:150 |  | B01D 41/00 |
Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids

|  | B01D 41/02 |
· | of loose filtering material

|  | B01D 41/04 |
· | of rigid self-supporting filtering material

P:300 |  | B01D 43/00 |
Separating particles from liquids, or liquids from solids, otherwise than by sedimentation or filtration (flotation processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D 1/00; drying solid materials or objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B)

|  | B01D 45/00 - B01D 51/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours (suction cleaner filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47L 9/10; filters for breathing-protection purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62B 23/00; filtering air for vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60H 3/06; separating pneumatically-conveyed materials from propelling gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 53/60; exhaust or silencing apparatus for machines or engines having means for removing solid constituents of exhaust Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N 3/02; air cleaners for the intakes of gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 7/05, of combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M 35/024, of compressors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 39/16; filtering in air-conditioning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24F 3/16)

P:330 |  | B01D 45/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces

|  | B01D 45/02 |
· | by utilising gravity

|  | B01D 45/04 |
· | by utilising inertia (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 45/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 45/06 |
· · | by reversal of direction of flow

|  | B01D 45/08 |
· · | by impingement against baffle separators

|  | B01D 45/10 |
· · · | which are wetted

|  | B01D 45/12 |
· | by centrifugal forces (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 45/14 |
· · | generated by rotating vanes, discs, drums or brushes

|  | B01D 45/16 |
· · | generated by the winding course of the gas stream

|  | B01D 45/18 |
· | Cleaning-out devices

P:160 |  | B01D 46/00 |
Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours (filtering elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/00-B01D 35/00; filtering material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 39/00; their regeneration outside the filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 41/00)

|  | B01D 46/02 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material

|  | B01D 46/04 |
· · | Cleaning filters

|  | B01D 46/06 |
· · | with means keeping the working surfaces flat

|  | B01D 46/08 |
· · · | the working surfaces forming a star shape

|  | B01D 46/10 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets, or pads having plane surfaces

|  | B01D 46/12 |
· · | in multiple arrangements

|  | B01D 46/14 |
· · | arranged in a star shape

|  | B01D 46/16 |
· · | arranged on non-filtering conveyers

|  | B01D 46/18 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filtering belts

|  | B01D 46/20 |
· · | the belts combined with drums

|  | B01D 46/22 |
· · | the belts travelling during filtering

|  | B01D 46/24 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies

|  | B01D 46/26 |
· · | rotatable

|  | B01D 46/28 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter brushes

|  | B01D 46/30 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material

|  | B01D 46/32 |
· · | the material moving during filtering

|  | B01D 46/34 |
· · · | not horizontally, e.g. using shoots

|  | B01D 46/36 |
· · · | as a substantially horizontal layer, e.g. on rotary tables, drums, conveyer belts

|  | B01D 46/38 |
· · · | as fluidised bed

|  | B01D 46/40 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using edge filters, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces

|  | B01D 46/42 |
· | Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof

|  | B01D 46/44 |
· · | controlling filtration

|  | B01D 46/46 |
· · · | automatic

|  | B01D 46/48 |
· · | Removing dust other than cleaning filters

|  | B01D 46/50 |
· · | Means for discharging electrostatic potential

|  | B01D 46/52 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded material

|  | B01D 46/54 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms

P:340 |  | B01D 47/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 45/10 takes precedence; fractionating columns or parts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/16)

|  | B01D 47/02 |
· | by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath

|  | B01D 47/04 |
· | by passing the gas or air or vapour through foam

|  | B01D 47/05 |
· | by condensation of the separating agent [3]

|  | B01D 47/06 |
· | Spray cleaning

|  | B01D 47/08 |
· · | with rotary nozzles

|  | B01D 47/10 |
· | Venturi scrubbers

|  | B01D 47/12 |
· | Washers with plural different washing sections (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 47/14 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B01D 47/14 |
· | Packed scrubbers (packing elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/32) [3]

|  | B01D 47/16 |
· | Apparatus having rotary means, other than rotatable nozzles, for atomising the cleaning liquid

|  | B01D 47/18 |
· · | with horizontally-arranged shafts

P:350 |  | B01D 49/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods

|  | B01D 49/02 |
· | by thermal repulsion

P:320 |  | B01D 50/00 |
Combinations of devices for separating particles from gases or vapours

P:370 |  | B01D 51/00 |
Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned (preventing dust fires Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C; pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic or electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C) [6]

|  | B01D 51/02 |
· | Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation

|  | B01D 51/04 |
· · | by seeding, e.g. by adding particles

|  | B01D 51/06 |
· · | by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour

|  | B01D 51/08 |
· · · | by sound or ultrasonics

|  | B01D 51/10 |
· | Conditioning the gas to be cleaned

P:360 |  | B01D 53/00 |
Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols (recovery of volatile solvents by condensation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 5/00; sublimation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 7/00; cold traps, cold baffles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00; for the separation of specific gases or vapours, see the relevant places, e.g. for purification or separation of nitrogen Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/04; working-up undefined gaseous mixtures obtained by cracking hydrocarbon oils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 70/00; cleaning coal gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10K; working-up of natural gas, or synthetic natural gas, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10L 3/10; separation of difficult-to-condense gases or air by liquefaction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J; for investigating materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 30/00) [3,5]

|  | B01D 53/00 |
Note(s) Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [6]

|  | B01D 53/02 - B01D 53/32 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/34 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/02-B01D 53/32.

|  | B01D 53/02 |
· | by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography

|  | B01D 53/04 |
· · | with stationary adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/047 |
· · · | Pressure swing adsorption [6]

|  | B01D 53/053 |
· · · · | with storage or buffer vessel [6]

|  | B01D 53/06 |
· · | with moving adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/08 |
· · · | according to the "moving bed" method

|  | B01D 53/10 |
· · · | with dispersed adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/12 |
· · · · | according to the "fluidised technique"

|  | B01D 53/14 |
· | by absorption

|  | B01D 53/18 |
· · | Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/30 take precedence; packing elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/32)

|  | B01D 53/22 |
· | by diffusion (manufacturing semi-permeable membranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 67/00; form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 69/00; material for semi-permeable membranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/00)

|  | B01D 53/24 |
· | by centrifugal force (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 53/26 |
· | Drying gases or vapours

|  | B01D 53/28 |
· · | Selection of materials for use as drying agents

|  | B01D 53/30 |
· | Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus

|  | B01D 53/32 |
· | by electrical effects other than those provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/00 [5]

|  | B01D 53/34 |
· | Chemical or biological purification of waste gases [3,6]

|  | B01D 53/38 |
· · | Removing components of undefined structure [6]

|  | B01D 53/40 |
· · · | Acidic components (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/44 takes precedence) [6]

|  | B01D 53/42 |
· · · | Basic components (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/44 takes precedence) [6]

|  | B01D 53/44 |
· · · | Organic components [6]

|  | B01D 53/46 |
· · | Removing components of defined structure [6]

|  | B01D 53/48 |
· · · | Sulfur compounds [6]

|  | B01D 53/50 |
· · · · | Sulfur oxides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/60 takes precedence) [6]

|  | B01D 53/52 |
· · · · | Hydrogen sulfide [6]

|  | B01D 53/54 |
· · · | Nitrogen compounds [6]

|  | B01D 53/56 |
· · · · | Nitrogen oxides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/60 takes precedence) [6]

|  | B01D 53/58 |
· · · · | Ammonia [6]

|  | B01D 53/60 |
· · · | Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides [6]

|  | B01D 53/62 |
· · · | Carbon oxides [6]

|  | B01D 53/64 |
· · · | Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury [6]

|  | B01D 53/66 |
· · · | Ozone [6]

|  | B01D 53/68 |
· · · | Halogens or halogen compounds [6]

|  | B01D 53/70 |
· · · · | Organic halogen compounds [6]

|  | B01D 53/72 |
· · · | Organic compounds not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/48-B01D 53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons [6]

|  | B01D 53/73 |
· · | After-treatment of removed components [6]

|  | B01D 53/74 |
· · | General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/92 takes precedence) [6]

|  | B01D 53/75 |
· · · | Multi-step processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/76 |
· · · | Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols [6]

|  | B01D 53/77 |
· · · | Liquid phase processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/78 |
· · · · | with gas-liquid contact [6]

|  | B01D 53/79 |
· · · · | Injecting reactants [6]

|  | B01D 53/80 |
· · · | Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries [6]

|  | B01D 53/81 |
· · · | Solid phase processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/82 |
· · · · | with stationary reactants [6]

|  | B01D 53/83 |
· · · · | with moving reactants [6]

|  | B01D 53/84 |
· · · | Biological processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/85 |
· · · · | with gas-solid contact [6]

|  | B01D 53/86 |
· · · | Catalytic processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/88 |
· · · · | Handling or mounting catalysts [6]

|  | B01D 53/90 |
· · · · | Injecting reactants [6]

|  | B01D 53/92 |
· · | of engine exhaust gases (exhaust apparatus having means for purifying or otherwise treating exhaust gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N 3/00) [6]

|  | B01D 53/94 |
· · · | by catalytic processes [6]

|  | B01D 53/96 |
· · | Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants [6]

P:10 |  | B01D 57/00 |
Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C

|  | B01D 57/02 |
· | by electrophoresis (treatment of water, waste water, sewage or sludge by electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/469; electrophoretic production of compounds or non-metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00; investigating or analysing materials by using electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/26) [3,5]

P:0 |  | B01D 59/00 |
Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element (preventing occurrence of critical conditions when producing fissile material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21; shielding from radioactivity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F)

|  | B01D 59/02 |
· | Separation by phase transition

|  | B01D 59/04 |
· · | by distillation

|  | B01D 59/06 |
· · | by fractional melting; by zone melting

|  | B01D 59/08 |
· · | by fractional crystallisation, by precipitation, by zone freezing

|  | B01D 59/10 |
· | Separation by diffusion

|  | B01D 59/12 |
· · | by diffusion through barriers

|  | B01D 59/14 |
· · · | Construction of the barrier

|  | B01D 59/16 |
· · | by thermal diffusion

|  | B01D 59/18 |
· · | by separation jets

|  | B01D 59/20 |
· | Separation by centrifuging

|  | B01D 59/22 |
· | Separation by extracting

|  | B01D 59/24 |
· · | by solvent extraction

|  | B01D 59/26 |
· · | by sorption, i.e. absorption, adsorption, persorption

|  | B01D 59/28 |
· | Separation by chemical exchange

|  | B01D 59/30 |
· · | by ion exchange

|  | B01D 59/32 |
· · | by exchange between fluids

|  | B01D 59/33 |
· · · | involving dual temperature exchange [2]

|  | B01D 59/34 |
· | Separation by photochemical methods

|  | B01D 59/36 |
· | Separation by biological methods

|  | B01D 59/38 |
· | Separation by electrochemical methods (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J)

|  | B01D 59/40 |
· · | by electrolysis

|  | B01D 59/42 |
· · | by electromigration; by electrophoresis

|  | B01D 59/44 |
· | Separation by mass spectrography (particle spectrometers or separator tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 49/00)

|  | B01D 59/46 |
· · | using only electrostatic fields

|  | B01D 59/48 |
· · | using electrostatic and magnetic fields

|  | B01D 59/50 |
· | Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/34, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/38, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/44

|  | B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00 |
Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis, ultrafiltration; Apparatus specially adapted therefor; Semi-permeable membranes or their production (separation of gases or vapours by diffusion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/22; treatment of milk by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23C 9/142, by electrodialysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23C 9/144; artificial kidneys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 1/14; treatment of water by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/44, by electrodialysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/469; apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with dialysis means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M 1/12; production or purification of sugar juices, e.g. by osmosis, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13D 3/16; extraction of sugar from molasses, e.g. by osmosis, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13J 1/08; diaphragms for electrolysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25C 7/04; osmosis as energy source Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03G 7/00) [5]

|  | B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/00-B01D 71/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place (in respect of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/00, see also Note (1) following that group). [5]

P:130 |  | B01D 61/00 |
Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis, ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | B01D 61/02 |
· | Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration [5]

|  | B01D 61/04 |
· · | Feed pretreatment [5]

|  | B01D 61/06 |
· · | Energy recovery [5]

|  | B01D 61/08 |
· · | Apparatus therefor [5]

|  | B01D 61/10 |
· · | Accessories; Auxiliary operations [5]

|  | B01D 61/12 |
· · | Controlling or regulating [5]

|  | B01D 61/14 |
· | Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration [5]

|  | B01D 61/16 |
· · | Feed pretreatment [5]

|  | B01D 61/18 |
· · | Apparatus therefor [5]

|  | B01D 61/20 |
· · | Accessories; Auxiliary operations [5]

|  | B01D 61/22 |
· · | Controlling or regulating [5]

|  | B01D 61/24 |
· | Dialysis [5]

|  | B01D 61/26 |
· · | Dialysate solution flow, e.g. preparation, regeneration [5]

|  | B01D 61/28 |
· · | Apparatus therefor [5]

|  | B01D 61/30 |
· · | Accessories; Auxiliary operation [5]

|  | B01D 61/32 |
· · | Controlling or regulating [5]

|  | B01D 61/34 |
· · · | Measuring ultrafiltrate during dialysis [5]

|  | B01D 61/36 |
· | Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation [5]

|  | B01D 61/38 |
· | Liquid-membrane separation [5]

|  | B01D 61/40 |
· · | using emulsion-type membranes [5]

|  | B01D 61/42 |
· | Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis [5]

|  | B01D 61/44 |
· · | Ion-selective electrodialysis [5]

|  | B01D 61/46 |
· · · | Apparatus therefor [5]

|  | B01D 61/48 |
· · · · | having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material [5]

|  | B01D 61/50 |
· · · · | Stacks of the plate-and-frame type [5]

|  | B01D 61/52 |
· · · | Accessories; Auxiliary operation [5]

|  | B01D 61/54 |
· · · | Controlling or regulating [5]

|  | B01D 61/56 |
· · | Electro-osmotic dewatering [5]

|  | B01D 61/58 |
· | Multistep processes [5]

P:140 |  | B01D 63/00 |
Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes [5]

|  | B01D 63/02 |
· | Hollow fibre modules [5]

|  | B01D 63/04 |
· · | comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies [5]

|  | B01D 63/06 |
· | Tubular membrane modules [5]

|  | B01D 63/08 |
· | Flat membrane modules [5]

|  | B01D 63/10 |
· | Spiral-wound membrane modules [5]

|  | B01D 63/12 |
· · | comprising multiple spiral-wound assemblies [5]

|  | B01D 63/14 |
· | Pleat-type membrane modules [5]

|  | B01D 63/16 |
· | Rotary, reciprocated or vibrated modules [5]

P:120 |  | B01D 65/00 |
Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes [5]

|  | B01D 65/02 |
· | Membrane cleaning or sterilisation [5]

|  | B01D 65/04 |
· · | with movable bodies, e.g. foam balls [5]

|  | B01D 65/06 |
· · | with special washing compositions [5]

|  | B01D 65/08 |
· | Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation [5]

|  | B01D 65/10 |
· | Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks [5]

P:110 |  | B01D 67/00 |
Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus [5]

P:100 |  | B01D 69/00 |
Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | B01D 69/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "properties" covers those of a mechanical, physical or chemical nature. [5] Manufacturing processes, if considered of interest, are also classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 67/00. [5]

|  | B01D 69/02 |
· | characterised by their properties [5]

|  | B01D 69/04 |
· | Tubular membranes [5]

|  | B01D 69/06 |
· | Flat membranes [5]

|  | B01D 69/08 |
· | Hollow fibre membranes (manufacture of hollow fibres Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01D 5/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01F 1/08) [5]

|  | B01D 69/10 |
· | Supported membranes; Membrane supports [5]

|  | B01D 69/12 |
· | Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes [5]

|  | B01D 69/14 |
· | Dynamic membranes [5]

P:90 |  | B01D 71/00 |
Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | B01D 71/00 |
Note(s) In this group, if the material is a composition it is classified according to the constituent present in highest proportion. This constituent is classified according to the last place rule (see Note before group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/00). If there is more than one constituent present in equal highest proportions, then each of these constituents is classified according to the last place rule. [5] Manufacturing processes, if considered of interest, are also classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 67/00. [5]

|  | B01D 71/02 |
· | Inorganic material [5]

|  | B01D 71/04 |
· · | Glass [5]

|  | B01D 71/06 |
· | Organic material [5]

|  | B01D 71/08 |
· · | Polysaccharides [5]

|  | B01D 71/10 |
· · · | Cellulose; Modified cellulose [5]

|  | B01D 71/12 |
· · · | Cellulose derivatives [5]

|  | B01D 71/14 |
· · · · | Esters of organic acids [5]

|  | B01D 71/16 |
· · · · · | Cellulose acetate [5]

|  | B01D 71/18 |
· · · · · | Mixed esters, e.g. cellulose acetate-butyrate [5]

|  | B01D 71/20 |
· · · · | Esters of inorganic acids, e.g. cellulose nitrate [5]

|  | B01D 71/22 |
· · · · | Cellulose ethers [5]

|  | B01D 71/24 |
· · | Rubbers [5]

|  | B01D 71/24 |
Note(s) In this group the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "rubber" covers: natural or conjugated diene rubber; rubber in general (for specific rubber, see the group provided for such macromolecular compound). [5]

|  | B01D 71/26 |
· · | Polyalkenes [5]

|  | B01D 71/28 |
· · | Polymers of vinyl aromatic compounds [5]

|  | B01D 71/30 |
· · | Polyalkenyl halides [5]

|  | B01D 71/32 |
· · · | containing fluorine atoms [5]

|  | B01D 71/34 |
· · · · | Polyvinylidene fluoride [5]

|  | B01D 71/36 |
· · · · | Polytetrafluoroethene [5]

|  | B01D 71/38 |
· · | Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylesters; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylaldehydes; Polyalkenylketones; Polyalkenylacetals; Polyalkenylketals [5]

|  | B01D 71/40 |
· · | Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters [5]

|  | B01D 71/42 |
· · · | Polymers of nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile [5]

|  | B01D 71/44 |
· · | Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/26-B01D 71/42 [5]

|  | B01D 71/46 |
· · | Epoxy resins [5]

|  | B01D 71/48 |
· · | Polyesters [5]

|  | B01D 71/50 |
· · | Polycarbonates [5]

|  | B01D 71/52 |
· · | Polyethers [5]

|  | B01D 71/54 |
· · | Polyureas; Polyurethanes [5]

|  | B01D 71/56 |
· · | Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides [5]

|  | B01D 71/58 |
· · | Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only [5]

|  | B01D 71/60 |
· · · | Polyamines [5]

|  | B01D 71/62 |
· · · | Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain [5]

|  | B01D 71/64 |
· · · · | Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors [5]

|  | B01D 71/66 |
· · | Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only [5]

|  | B01D 71/68 |
· · · | Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones [5]

|  | B01D 71/70 |
· · | Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only [5]

|  | B01D 71/72 |
· · | Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/46-B01D 71/70 [5]

|  | B01D 71/74 |
· · | Natural macromolecular material or derivatives thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/24 take precedence) [5]

|  | B01D 71/76 |
· · | Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/08-B01D 71/74 (rubbers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 71/24) [5]

|  | B01D 71/78 |
· · · | Graft polymers [5]

|  | B01D 71/80 |
· · · | Block polymers [5]

|  | B01D 71/82 |
· · · | characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment [5]