|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H02 |
GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

|  | H02P |
CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS (structure of the starter, brake, or other control devices, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. mechanical brake Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D, mechanical speed regulator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D, variable resistor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C, starter switch Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables using transformers, reactors or choke coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; arrangements structurally associated with motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters, transformers, reactors or choke coils, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K; connection or control of one generator, transformer, reactor, choke coil, or dynamo-electric converter with regard to conjoint operation with similar or other source of supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; control or regulation of static converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M) [4]

|  | H02P |
Note(s) This subclass covers arrangements for starting, regulating, electronically commutating, braking, or otherwise controlling motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters, clutches, brakes, gears, transformers, reactors or choke coils, of the types classified in the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K. This subclass does not cover similar arrangements for the apparatus of the types classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N, which arrangements are covered by that subclass. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6] "control" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation; [6] "regulation" means maintaining a variable at a desired value, or within a desired range of values, by comparison of the actual value with the desired value. [6]

|  | H02P |
Subclass index
ARRANGEMENTS FOR STARTING; FOR SLOWING, STOPPING | 1/00; 3/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS THAT CAN BE CONNECTED TO DIFFERENT POWER SUPPLIES | 4/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING TWO OR MORE ELECTRIC MOTORS | 5/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS OR OTHER DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MOTORS WITH ELECTRONIC COMMUTATORS IN DEPENDENCE ON THE ROTOR POSITION | 6/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING DC MOTORS | 7/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MOTORS ROTATING STEP BY STEP | 8/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED OUTPUT OF GENERATOR | 9/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED OUTPUT OF CONVERTERS: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC; STATIC | 11/00; 13/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING BRAKES OR CLUTCHES | 15/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC GEARS | 17/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MACHINES BY VECTOR CONTROL | 21/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING AC MOTORS BY METHODS OTHER THAN VECTOR CONTROL | 23/00
CHARACTERISED BY THE KIND OF AC MOTORS OR BY STRUCTURAL DETAILS | 25/00
CHARACTERISED BY THE KIND OF SUPPLY VOLTAGE | 27/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING APPROPRIATE FOR BOTH AC AND DC MOTORS | 29/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR | 31/00

P:40 |  | H02P 1/00 |
Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters (starting of synchronous motors with electronic commutators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/22; starting dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/04; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [4,8]

|  | H02P 1/02 |
· | Details

|  | H02P 1/04 |
· · | Means for controlling progress of starting sequence in dependence upon time or upon current, speed, or other motor parameter

|  | H02P 1/06 |
· · · | Manually-operated multi-position starters

|  | H02P 1/08 |
· · · | Manually-operated on/off switch controlling power-operated multi-position switch or impedances for starting a motor

|  | H02P 1/10 |
· · · | Manually-operated on/off switch controlling relays or contactors operating sequentially for starting a motor (sequence determined by power-operated multi-position switch Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/08)

|  | H02P 1/12 |
· · · | Switching devices centrifugally operated by the motor

|  | H02P 1/14 |
· · · | Pressure-sensitive resistors centrifugally operated by the motor

|  | H02P 1/16 |
· | for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters

|  | H02P 1/18 |
· · | for starting an individual dc motor

|  | H02P 1/20 |
· · · | by progressive reduction of resistance in series with armature winding

|  | H02P 1/22 |
· · · | in either direction of rotation

|  | H02P 1/24 |
· · | for starting an individual ac commutator motor (starting of ac/dc commutator motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/18)

|  | H02P 1/26 |
· · | for starting an individual polyphase induction motor

|  | H02P 1/28 |
· · · | by progressive increase of voltage applied to primary circuit of motor

|  | H02P 1/30 |
· · · | by progressive increase of frequency of supply to primary circuit of motor

|  | H02P 1/32 |
· · · | by star/delta switching

|  | H02P 1/34 |
· · · | by progressive reduction of impedance in secondary circuit

|  | H02P 1/36 |
· · · · | the impedance being a liquid resistance

|  | H02P 1/38 |
· · · | by pole-changing

|  | H02P 1/40 |
· · · | in either direction of rotation

|  | H02P 1/42 |
· · | for starting an individual single-phase induction motor

|  | H02P 1/44 |
· · · | by phase-splitting with a capacitor

|  | H02P 1/46 |
· · | for starting an individual synchronous motor

|  | H02P 1/48 |
· · · | by pole-changing

|  | H02P 1/50 |
· · · | by changing over from asynchronous to synchronous operation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/48 takes precedence)

|  | H02P 1/52 |
· · · | by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor

|  | H02P 1/54 |
· · | for starting two or more dynamo-electric motors

|  | H02P 1/56 |
· · · | simultaneously

|  | H02P 1/58 |
· · · | sequentially

P:50 |  | H02P 3/00 |
Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters (stopping of synchronous motors with electronic commutators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/24; stopping dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/24; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [2,4,8]

|  | H02P 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | H02P 3/04 |
· · | Means for stopping or slowing by a separate brake, e.g. friction brake, eddy-current brake (brakes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K 49/00) [2]

|  | H02P 3/06 |
· | for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter [2]

|  | H02P 3/08 |
· · | for stopping or slowing a dc motor [2]

|  | H02P 3/10 |
· · · | by reversal of supply connections

|  | H02P 3/12 |
· · · | by short-circuit or resistive braking

|  | H02P 3/14 |
· · · | by regenerative braking

|  | H02P 3/16 |
· · · | by combined electrical and mechanical braking

|  | H02P 3/18 |
· · | for stopping or slowing an ac motor [2]

|  | H02P 3/20 |
· · · | by reversal of phase sequence of connections to the motor

|  | H02P 3/22 |
· · · | by short-circuit or resistive braking

|  | H02P 3/24 |
· · · | by applying dc to the motor

|  | H02P 3/26 |
· · · | by combined electrical and mechanical braking

P:80 |  | H02P 4/00 |
Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different voltage or current supplies (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [8]

P:70 |  | H02P 5/00 |
Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [1,8]

|  | H02P 5/46 |
· | for speed regulation of two or more dynamo-electric motors in relation to one another

|  | H02P 5/48 |
· · | by comparing mechanical values representing the speeds

|  | H02P 5/50 |
· · | by comparing electrical values representing the speeds

|  | H02P 5/52 |
· · | additionally providing control of relative angular displacement

|  | H02P 5/60 |
· | controlling combinations of dc and ac dynamo-electric motors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/46 takes precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 5/68 |
· | controlling two or more dc dynamo-electric motors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/46, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/60 take precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 5/685 |
· · | electrically connected in series, i.e. carrying the same current [8]

|  | H02P 5/69 |
· · | mechanically coupled by gearing [8]

|  | H02P 5/695 |
· · · | Differential gearing [8]

|  | H02P 5/74 |
· | controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/46, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/60 take precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 5/747 |
· · | mechanically coupled by gearing [8]

|  | H02P 5/753 |
· · · | Differential gearing [8]

P:30 |  | H02P 6/00 |
Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors with electronic commutators in dependence on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor (stepping motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [3,4,6]

|  | H02P 6/04 |
· | Arrangements for controlling or regulating speed or torque of more than one motor [6]

|  | H02P 6/06 |
· | Arrangements for speed regulation of a single motor wherein the motor speed is measured and compared with a given physical value so as to adjust the motor speed [6]

|  | H02P 6/08 |
· | Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor [6]

|  | H02P 6/10 |
· · | providing reduced torque ripple; controlling torque ripple [6]

|  | H02P 6/12 |
· | Monitoring commutation; Providing indication of commutation failure [6]

|  | H02P 6/14 |
· | Electronic commutators [6]

|  | H02P 6/16 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for detecting position (structural arrangement of position sensors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K 29/06) [6]

|  | H02P 6/18 |
· · · | without separate position detecting element, e.g. using back-emf in windings [6]

|  | H02P 6/20 |
· | Arrangements for starting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/22 take precedence) [6]

|  | H02P 6/22 |
· | Arrangements for starting in a selected direction of rotation [6]

|  | H02P 6/24 |
· | Arrangements for stopping [6]

P:130 |  | H02P 7/00 |
Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric dc-motors (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [2,8]

|  | H02P 7/06 |
· | for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current

|  | H02P 7/08 |
· · | by manual control without auxiliary power

|  | H02P 7/10 |
· · · | of motor field only

|  | H02P 7/12 |
· · · · | Switching field from series to shunt excitation or vice versa

|  | H02P 7/14 |
· · · | of voltage applied to the armature with or without control of field

|  | H02P 7/18 |
· · | by master control with auxiliary power

|  | H02P 7/20 |
· · · | using multi-position switch, e.g. drum, controlling motor circuit by means of relays (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/30 take precedence)

|  | H02P 7/22 |
· · · | using multi-position switch, e.g. drum, controlling motor circuit by means of pilot-motor-operated multi-position switch or pilot-motor-operated variable resistance (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/30 take precedence)

|  | H02P 7/24 |
· · · | using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

|  | H02P 7/26 |
· · · · | using discharge tubes

|  | H02P 7/28 |
· · · · | using semiconductor devices

|  | H02P 7/282 |
· · · · · | controlling field supply only [4]

|  | H02P 7/285 |
· · · · · | controlling armature supply only [4]

|  | H02P 7/288 |
· · · · · · | using variable impedance [4]

|  | H02P 7/29 |
· · · · · · | using pulse modulation [4]

|  | H02P 7/292 |
· · · · · · | using static converters, e.g. ac to dc [4]

|  | H02P 7/295 |
· · · · · · · | of the kind having one thyristor or the like in series with the power supply and the motor [4]

|  | H02P 7/298 |
· · · · · | controlling armature and field supply [4]

|  | H02P 7/30 |
· · · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation, i.e. transductors

|  | H02P 7/32 |
· · · | using armature-reaction-excited machines, e.g. metadyne, amplidyne, rototrol

|  | H02P 7/34 |
· · · | using Ward-Leonard arrangements

P:20 |  | H02P 8/00 |
Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step (vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [2,6,8]

|  | H02P 8/02 |
· | specially adapted for single-phase or bi-pole stepper motors, e.g. watch-motors, clock-motors [6]

|  | H02P 8/04 |
· | Arrangements for starting [6]

|  | H02P 8/06 |
· · | in selected direction of rotation [6]

|  | H02P 8/08 |
· · | Determining position before starting [6]

|  | H02P 8/10 |
· · | Shaping pulses for starting; Boosting current during starting [6]

|  | H02P 8/12 |
· | Control or stabilisation of current [6]

|  | H02P 8/14 |
· | Arrangements for controlling speed or speed and torque (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/22 take precedence) [6]

|  | H02P 8/16 |
· · | Reducing energy dissipated or supplied [6]

|  | H02P 8/18 |
· · | Shaping of pulses, e.g. to reduce torque ripple [6]

|  | H02P 8/20 |
· · | characterised by bidirectional operation [6]

|  | H02P 8/22 |
· | Control of step size; Intermediate stepping, e.g. micro-stepping [6]

|  | H02P 8/24 |
· | Arrangements for stopping (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/32 take precedence) [6]

|  | H02P 8/26 |
· · | Memorising final pulse when stopping [6]

|  | H02P 8/28 |
· · | Disconnecting power source when stopping [6]

|  | H02P 8/30 |
· · | Holding position when stopped [6]

|  | H02P 8/32 |
· | Reducing overshoot or oscillation, e.g. damping [6]

|  | H02P 8/34 |
· | Monitoring operation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/36 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H02P 8/36 |
· | Protection against faults, e.g. against overheating, step-out; Indicating faults (emergency protective arrangements with automatic interruption of supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 7/08) [6]

|  | H02P 8/38 |
· · | the fault being step-out [6]

|  | H02P 8/40 |
· | Special adaptations for controlling two or more stepping motors [6]

|  | H02P 8/42 |
· | characterised by non-stepper motors being operated step by step [6]

P:150 |  | H02P 9/00 |
Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output (Ward-Leonard arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/34; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00; feeding a network by two or more generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; for charging batteries Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 7/14) [1,8]

|  | H02P 9/02 |
· | Details

|  | H02P 9/04 |
· | Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator (effecting control of the prime mover in general, see the relevant class for such prime mover) [2]

|  | H02P 9/06 |
· | Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator (effecting control of the power transmission means, see the relevant class for such means) [2]

|  | H02P 9/08 |
· | Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation [2]

|  | H02P 9/10 |
· | Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load [2]

|  | H02P 9/12 |
· · | for demagnetising; for reducing effects of remanence; for preventing pole reversal [2]

|  | H02P 9/14 |
· | by variation of field (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/10 take precedence) [2]

|  | H02P 9/16 |
· · | due to variation of ohmic resistance in field circuit, using resistances switched in or out of circuit step by step

|  | H02P 9/18 |
· · · | the switching being caused by a servomotor, measuring instrument, or relay

|  | H02P 9/20 |
· · | due to variation of continuously-variable ohmic resistance

|  | H02P 9/22 |
· · · | comprising carbon pile resistance

|  | H02P 9/24 |
· · | due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator

|  | H02P 9/26 |
· · | using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/34 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02P 9/28 |
· · · | using discharge tubes

|  | H02P 9/30 |
· · · | using semiconductor devices

|  | H02P 9/32 |
· · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/34 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02P 9/34 |
· · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation in combination with controlled discharge tube or controlled semiconductor device

|  | H02P 9/36 |
· · | using armature-reaction-excited machines

|  | H02P 9/38 |
· · | Self-excitation by current derived from rectification of both output voltage and output current of generator

|  | H02P 9/40 |
· | by variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of generator

|  | H02P 9/42 |
· | to obtain desired frequency without varying speed of the generator

|  | H02P 9/44 |
· | Control of frequency and voltage in predetermined relation, e.g. constant ratio

|  | H02P 9/46 |
· | Control of asynchronous generator by variation of capacitor

|  | H02P 9/48 |
· | Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/04-H02P 9/46 take precedence) [3]

P:60 |  | H02P 11/00 |
Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric converters (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00; feeding a network in conjunction with a generator or another converter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J) [4,8]

|  | H02P 11/04 |
· | for controlling dynamo-electric converters having a dc output

|  | H02P 11/06 |
· | for controlling dynamo-electric converters having an ac output

P:160 |  | H02P 13/00 |
Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output (regulation systems using transformers, reactors or choke coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F; feeding a network in conjunction with a generator or a converter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; control or regulation of converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M) [4]

|  | H02P 13/06 |
· | by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings

|  | H02P 13/08 |
· | by sliding current collector along winding

|  | H02P 13/10 |
· | by moving core, coil winding, or shield, e.g. by induction regulator

|  | H02P 13/12 |
· | by varying magnetic bias

P:170 |  | H02P 15/00 |
Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric brakes or clutches (controlling speed of dynamo-electric motors by means of a separate brake Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 29/04, vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [1,8]

|  | H02P 15/02 |
· | Conjoint control of brakes and clutches [3]

P:10 |  | H02P 17/00 |
Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric gears (vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [3,8]

P:0 |  | H02P 21/00 |
Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation [6,8]

|  | H02P 21/00 |
Note(s) When classifying in this group, it is desirable to also classify in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 25/00-H02P 27/00 if the kind of ac-motor, structural details, or the kind of supply voltage are of interest. [8]

|  | H02P 21/02 |
· | specially adapted for optimising the efficiency at low load [8]

|  | H02P 21/04 |
· | specially adapted for very low speeds [8]

|  | H02P 21/05 |
· | specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting [8]

|  | H02P 21/06 |
· | Rotor flux based control [8]

|  | H02P 21/08 |
· · | Indirect field-oriented control, e.g. field phase angle calculation based on rotor voltage equation by adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency [8]

|  | H02P 21/10 |
· · | Direct field-oriented control [8]

|  | H02P 21/12 |
· | Stator flux based control [8]

|  | H02P 21/13 |
· | Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters [8]

|  | H02P 21/14 |
· | Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage [8]

P:120 |  | H02P 23/00 |
Arrangements or methods for the control of ac-motors characterised by a control method other than vector control (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; of two or more motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/00; of synchronous motors with electronic commutators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/00; of dc-motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/00; of stepping motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/00) [8]

|  | H02P 23/00 |
Note(s) When classifying in this group, it is desirable to also classify in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 25/00-H02P 27/00 if the kind of ac-motor, structural details, or the kind of supply voltage are of interest. [8]

|  | H02P 23/02 |
· | specially adapted for optimising the efficiency at low load [8]

|  | H02P 23/03 |
· | specially adapted for very low speeds [8]

|  | H02P 23/04 |
· | specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting [8]

|  | H02P 23/06 |
· | Controlling the motor in four quadrants [8]

|  | H02P 23/08 |
· | Controlling based on slip frequency, e.g. adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency [8]

|  | H02P 23/10 |
· | Controlling by adding a dc current (dc current braking Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/24) [8]

|  | H02P 23/12 |
· | Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters [8]

|  | H02P 23/14 |
· | Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage [8]

P:90 |  | H02P 25/00 |
Arrangements or methods for the control of ac-motors characterised by the kind of ac-motor or by structural details (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; of two or more motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/00; of synchronous motors with electronic commutators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/00; of dc-motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/00; of stepping motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/00) [8]

|  | H02P 25/00 |
Note(s) When classifying in this group, it is desirable to also classify in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 23/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 27/00 if the control method or the kind of supply voltage are of interest. [8]

|  | H02P 25/02 |
· | characterised by the kind of motor [8]

|  | H02P 25/04 |
· · | Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors [8]

|  | H02P 25/06 |
· · | Linear motors [8]

|  | H02P 25/08 |
· · | Reluctance motors [8]

|  | H02P 25/10 |
· · | Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors [8]

|  | H02P 25/12 |
· · · | with shiftable brushes [8]

|  | H02P 25/14 |
· · · | Universal motors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 25/12 takes precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 25/16 |
· | characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring [8]

|  | H02P 25/18 |
· · | with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays [8]

|  | H02P 25/20 |
· · · | for pole-changing [8]

|  | H02P 25/22 |
· · | Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases [8]

|  | H02P 25/24 |
· · | Variable impedance in stator or rotor circuit [8]

|  | H02P 25/26 |
· · · | with arrangements for controlling secondary impedance [8]

|  | H02P 25/28 |
· · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation, e.g. transductors [8]

|  | H02P 25/30 |
· · | the motor being controlled by a control effected upon an ac generator supplying it [8]

|  | H02P 25/32 |
· · | using discharge tubes [8]

P:100 |  | H02P 27/00 |
Arrangements or methods for the control of ac-motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; of two or more motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 5/00; of synchronous motors with electronic commutators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 6/00; of dc-motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/00; of stepping motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 8/00) [8]

|  | H02P 27/00 |
Note(s) When classifying in this group, it is desirable to also classify in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 23/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 25/00 if the control method, the kind of the ac-motor or structural details are of interest. [8]

|  | H02P 27/02 |
· | using supply voltage with constant frequency and variable amplitude [8]

|  | H02P 27/04 |
· | using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage [8]

|  | H02P 27/05 |
· · | using ac supply for both rotor and stator circuits, the frequency of supply to at least one circuit being variable [8]

|  | H02P 27/06 |
· · | using dc to ac converters or inverters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 27/05 takes precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 27/08 |
· · · | with pulse width modulation [8]

|  | H02P 27/10 |
· · · · | using bang-bang controllers [8]

|  | H02P 27/12 |
· · · · | pulsing by guiding the flux-, current-, or voltage-vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. direct torque control [8]

|  | H02P 27/14 |
· · · · | with three or more levels of voltage [8]

|  | H02P 27/16 |
· · | using ac to ac converters without intermediate conversion to dc (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 27/05 takes precedence) [8]

|  | H02P 27/18 |
· · · | varying the frequency by omitting half waves [8]

P:110 |  | H02P 29/00 |
Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both ac- and dc-motors (starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00; stopping or slowing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/00; control of motors that can be connected to two or more different voltage or current supplies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 4/00; vector control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00) [8]

|  | H02P 29/02 |
· | Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply, e.g. monitoring [8]

|  | H02P 29/04 |
· | by means of a separate brake [8]

P:140 |  | H02P 31/00 |
Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 1/00-H02P 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 7/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 21/00-H02P 29/00 [8]