|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H02 |
GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

|  | H02J |
CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY (power supply circuits for apparatus for measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or cosmic radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T 1/175; electric power supply circuits specially adapted for use in electronic time-pieces with no moving parts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04G 19/00; for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/18; for discharge tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/248; circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M; interrelated control of several motors, control of a prime-mover/generator combination Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; control of high-frequency power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L; additional use of power line or power network for transmission of information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B)

|  | H02J |
Note(s) This subclass covers: ac or dc mains or distribution networks; circuit arrangements for battery supplies, including charging or control thereof, or co-ordinated supply from two or more sources of any kind; systems for supplying or distributing electric power by electromagnetic waves. This subclass does not cover: control of a single motor, generator or dynamo-electric converter, of the types covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; control of a single motor or generator, of the types covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N, which is covered by that subclass.

|  | H02J |
Subclass index
CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS |
For distribution networks: |
direct current; alternative current | 1/00; 3/00
combined; not specified | 5/00; 4/00
For batteries | 7/00
For emergency or stand-by power supply | 9/00
For power supply to auxiliaries of stations | 11/00
For providing remote indication of network conditions | 13/00
SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRICAL ENERGY | 15/00
SYSTEMS FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | 17/00

P:30 |  | H02J 1/00 |
Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks

|  | H02J 1/02 |
· | Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples (in converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 1/14)

|  | H02J 1/04 |
· | Constant-current supply systems

|  | H02J 1/06 |
· | Two-wire systems

|  | H02J 1/08 |
· | Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires

|  | H02J 1/10 |
· | Parallel operation of dc sources (involving batteries Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 7/34)

|  | H02J 1/12 |
· · | Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier

|  | H02J 1/14 |
· | Balancing the load in a network (by batteries Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 7/34)

|  | H02J 1/16 |
· · | using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels

P:20 |  | H02J 3/00 |
Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

|  | H02J 3/01 |
· | Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples (in converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 1/12) [3]

|  | H02J 3/02 |
· | using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power

|  | H02J 3/04 |
· | for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources

|  | H02J 3/06 |
· · | Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks

|  | H02J 3/08 |
· · | Synchronising of networks

|  | H02J 3/10 |
· | Constant-current supply systems

|  | H02J 3/12 |
· | for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load

|  | H02J 3/14 |
· · | by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading

|  | H02J 3/16 |
· · | by adjustment of reactive power

|  | H02J 3/18 |
· | Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating, or compensating reactive power in networks (for adjustment of voltage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 3/12; use of Petersen coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 9/08)

|  | H02J 3/20 |
· · | in long overhead lines

|  | H02J 3/22 |
· · | in cables

|  | H02J 3/24 |
· | Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks (by control effected upon a single generator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 9/00)

|  | H02J 3/26 |
· | Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

|  | H02J 3/28 |
· | Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy

|  | H02J 3/30 |
· · | using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels

|  | H02J 3/32 |
· · | using batteries with converting means

|  | H02J 3/34 |
· | Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency (frequency converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M)

|  | H02J 3/36 |
· | Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link

|  | H02J 3/38 |
· | Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters, or transformers

|  | H02J 3/40 |
· · | Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator

|  | H02J 3/42 |
· · · | with automatic parallel connection when synchronism is achieved

|  | H02J 3/44 |
· · · | with means for ensuring correct phase sequence

|  | H02J 3/46 |
· · | Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers

|  | H02J 3/48 |
· · · | Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component

|  | H02J 3/50 |
· · · | Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component

P:50 |  | H02J 4/00 |
Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc [2]

P:40 |  | H02J 5/00 |
Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 3/36 takes precedence)

P:60 |  | H02J 7/00 |
Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

|  | H02J 7/02 |
· | for charging batteries from ac mains by converters

|  | H02J 7/04 |
· · | Regulation of the charging current or voltage

|  | H02J 7/06 |
· · · | using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

|  | H02J 7/08 |
· · · · | using discharge tubes only

|  | H02J 7/10 |
· · · · | using semiconductor devices only

|  | H02J 7/12 |
· · · | using magnetic devices having controllable degree of saturation, i.e. transductors

|  | H02J 7/14 |
· | for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle

|  | H02J 7/16 |
· · | Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field

|  | H02J 7/18 |
· · · | due to variation of ohmic resistance in field circuit, using resistance switching in or out of circuit step by step

|  | H02J 7/20 |
· · · | due to variation of continuously-variable ohmic resistor

|  | H02J 7/22 |
· · · | due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator

|  | H02J 7/24 |
· · · | using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

|  | H02J 7/26 |
· · · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation

|  | H02J 7/28 |
· · · | using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation in combination with controlled discharge tube or controlled semiconductor device

|  | H02J 7/30 |
· · · | using armature-reaction-excited machines

|  | H02J 7/32 |
· | for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover

|  | H02J 7/34 |
· | Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 7/14 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02J 7/35 |
· · | with light sensitive cells [4]

|  | H02J 7/36 |
· | Arrangements using end-cell switching

P:70 |  | H02J 9/00 |
Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting (with provision for charging standby battery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 7/00)

|  | H02J 9/02 |
· | in which an auxiliary distribution system and its associated lamps are brought into service

|  | H02J 9/04 |
· | in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source

|  | H02J 9/06 |
· · | with automatic change-over

|  | H02J 9/08 |
· · · | requiring starting of a prime-mover

P:80 |  | H02J 11/00 |
Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed, or converted (emergency or standby arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 9/00)

P:0 |  | H02J 13/00 |
Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network

P:90 |  | H02J 15/00 |
Systems for storing electric energy (mechanical systems therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; in chemical form Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M) [2]

P:10 |  | H02J 17/00 |
Systems for supplying or distributing electric power by electromagnetic waves [3]