|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01 |
Note(s) This class covers, in addition to "true" measuring instruments, other indicating or recording devices of analogous construction, and also signalling or control devices insofar as they are concerned with measurement (as defined in Note 2 below) and are not specially adapted to the particular purpose of signalling or control. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "measuring" is used to cover considerably more than its primary or basic meaning. In this primary sense, it means finding a numerical expression of the value of a variable in relation to a unit or datum or to another variable of the same nature, e.g. expressing a length in terms of another length as in measuring a length with a scale; the value may be obtained directly (as just suggested) or by measuring some other variable of which the value can be related to the value of the required variable, as in measuring a change in temperature by measuring a resultant change in the length of a column of mercury. However, since the same device or instrument may, instead of giving an immediate indication, be used to produce a record or to initiate a signal to produce an indication or control effect, or may be used in combination with other devices or instruments to give a conjoint result from measurement of two or more variables of the same or different kinds, it is necessary to interpret "measuring" as including also any operation that would make it possible to obtain such a numerical expression by the additional use of some way of converting a value into figures. Thus the expression in figures may be actually made by a digital presentation or by reading a scale, or an indication of it may be given without the use of figures, e.g. by some perceptible feature (variable) of the entity (e.g. object, substance, beam of light) of which the variable being measured is a property or condition or by an analogue of such a feature (e.g. the corresponding position of a member without any scale, a corresponding voltage generated in some way). In many cases there is no such value indication but only an indication of difference or equality in relation to a standard or datum (of which the value may or may not be known in figures); the standard or datum may be the value of another variable of the same nature but of a different entity (e.g. a standard measure) or of the same entity at a different time. In its simplest form, measurement may give merely an indication of presence or absence of a certain condition or quality, e.g. movement (in any direction or in a particular direction), or whether a variable exceeds a predetermined value. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems" and the Notes following the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B82B relating to "nano-structures". [7] Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable". In many measuring arrangements, a first variable to be measured is transformed into a second, or further, variables. The second, or further, variables may be (a) a condition related to the first variable and produced in a member, or (b) a displacement of a member. Further transformation may be needed. [6] When classifying such an arrangement, (i) the transformation step, or each transformation step, that is of interest is classified, or (ii) if interest lies only in the system as a whole, the first variable is classified in the appropriate place. [6] This is particularly important where two or more conversions take place, for instance where a first variable, for example pressure, is transformed into a second variable, for example an optical property of a sensing body, and that second variable is expressed by means of a third variable, for example an electric effect. In such a case, the following classification places should be considered: the place for the transformation of the first variable, that for sensing the condition caused by that variable, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D for expression of the measurement, and finally the place for the overall system, if any. [6] The measurement of change in the value of a physical property is classified in the same subclass as the measurement of that physical property, e.g. measurement of expansion of length is classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B.

|  | G01G |
WEIGHING (sorting by weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C 5/16)

|  | G01G |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01.

|  | G01G |
Subclass index
WEIGHING APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY THE MEANS USED |
Mechanical | 1/00, 3/00
Fluidic | 5/00
Electric, magnetic | 7/00
Other | 9/00
WEIGHING APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY, OR ADAPTED FOR, THE WEIGHING OF LOADS HAVING SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS | 11/00 - 19/00
DETAILS | 21/00
AUXILIARY DEVICES | 23/00

P:70 |  | G01G 1/00 |
Weighing apparatus involving the use of a counterweight or other counterbalancing mass

|  | G01G 1/02 |
· | Pendulum-weight apparatus

|  | G01G 1/04 |
· · | the pendulum having a fixed pivot axis

|  | G01G 1/06 |
· · · | with a plurality of pendulums

|  | G01G 1/08 |
· · | the pendulum having a moving pivot axis, e.g. a floating pendulum

|  | G01G 1/10 |
· · · | with a plurality of pendulums

|  | G01G 1/12 |
· · | Constructional arrangements for obtaining equal indicative divisions

|  | G01G 1/14 |
· · | Temperature-compensating arrangements

|  | G01G 1/16 |
· · | Means for correcting for obliquity of mounting

|  | G01G 1/18 |
· | Balances involving the use of a pivoted beam, i.e. beam balances

|  | G01G 1/20 |
· · | Beam balances having the pans carried below the beam, and for use with separate counterweights

|  | G01G 1/22 |
· · · | for precision weighing

|  | G01G 1/24 |
· · | Platform-type scales, i.e. having the pans carried above the beam

|  | G01G 1/26 |
· · | with associated counterweight or set of counterweights

|  | G01G 1/28 |
· · · | involving means for automatically lifting counterweights corresponding to the load

|  | G01G 1/29 |
· · · · | with electrical or electromechanical control means [3]

|  | G01G 1/30 |
· · · | wherein the counterweight is in the form of a chain

|  | G01G 1/32 |
· · · | wherein the counterweights are in the form of rider-weights

|  | G01G 1/34 |
· · · | involving a fixed counterweight, with poise-weights selectively added to the load side

|  | G01G 1/36 |
· · · | wherein the counterweights are slidable along the beam, e.g. steelyards

|  | G01G 1/38 |
· · · · | with automatically-driven counterweight

|  | G01G 1/40 |
· · | specially adapted for weighing by substitution

|  | G01G 1/42 |
· · | Temperature-compensating arrangements

P:60 |  | G01G 3/00 |
Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances

|  | G01G 3/02 |
· | wherein the weighing element is in the form of a helical spring

|  | G01G 3/04 |
· · | using a plurality of springs

|  | G01G 3/06 |
· | wherein the weighing element is in the form of a spiral spring

|  | G01G 3/08 |
· | wherein the weighing element is in the form of a leaf spring

|  | G01G 3/10 |
· | wherein the torsional deformation of a weighing element is measured

|  | G01G 3/12 |
· | wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed by pressure or tension during weighing

|  | G01G 3/13 |
· · | having piezo-electric or piezo-resistive properties [3]

|  | G01G 3/14 |
· · | measuring variations of electrical resistance (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 3/13 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 3/142 |
· · · | Circuits specially adapted therefor [3]

|  | G01G 3/145 |
· · · · | involving comparison with a reference value (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 3/147 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 3/147 |
· · · · | involving digital counting [3]

|  | G01G 3/15 |
· · | measuring variations of magnetic properties

|  | G01G 3/16 |
· · | measuring variations of frequency of oscillations of the body

|  | G01G 3/18 |
· | Temperature-compensating arrangements

P:50 |  | G01G 5/00 |
Weighing apparatus wherein the balancing is effected by fluid action

|  | G01G 5/02 |
· | with a float or other member variably immersed in liquid

|  | G01G 5/04 |
· | with means for measuring the pressure imposed by the load on a liquid (pressure gauges per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L)

|  | G01G 5/06 |
· · | using electrical indicating means [3]

P:80 |  | G01G 7/00 |
Weighing apparatus wherein the balancing is effected by magnetic, electromagnetic, or electrostatic action, or by means not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 1/00-G01G 5/00

|  | G01G 7/02 |
· | by electromagnetic action

|  | G01G 7/04 |
· · | with means for regulating the current to solenoids

|  | G01G 7/06 |
· | by electrostatic action

P:90 |  | G01G 9/00 |
Methods of, or apparatus for, the determination of weight, not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 1/00-G01G 7/00

P:10 |  | G01G 11/00 |
Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyer-belt weighers

|  | G01G 11/02 |
· | having mechanical weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 11/04 |
· | having electrical weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 11/06 |
· | having fluid weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 11/08 |
· | having means for controlling the rate of feed or discharge (regulation of flow of fluent material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | G01G 11/10 |
· · | by controlling the height of the material on the belt

|  | G01G 11/12 |
· · | by controlling the speed of the belt

|  | G01G 11/14 |
· | using totalising or integrating devices (totalising or integrating devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01G 11/16 |
· · | being electric or electronic devices [3]

|  | G01G 11/18 |
· · · | using digital counting [3]

|  | G01G 11/20 |
· · | being mechanical devices [3]

P:20 |  | G01G 13/00 |
Weighing apparatus with automatic feed or discharge for weighing-out batches of material (for weighing a continuous stream Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 11/00; check-weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 15/00; for fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 17/04; apportioning by weight materials to be mixed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/22; combinatorial weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/387) [5]

|  | G01G 13/02 |
· | Means for automatically loading weigh-pans or other receptacles, e.g. disposable containers, under control of the weighing mechanism

|  | G01G 13/04 |
· · | involving dribble-feed means controlled by the weighing mechanism to top up the receptacle to the target weight

|  | G01G 13/06 |
· · · | wherein the main feed is effected by gravity from a hopper or chute

|  | G01G 13/08 |
· · · | wherein the main feed is effected by mechanical conveying means, e.g. by belt conveyers, by vibratory conveyers

|  | G01G 13/10 |
· · · | wherein the main feed is effected by pneumatic conveying means, e.g. by fluidised feed of granular material

|  | G01G 13/12 |
· · | Arrangements for compensating for material suspended at cut-off, i.e. for material which is still falling from the feeder when the weigher stops the feeder

|  | G01G 13/14 |
· · | Arrangements for determination of, or compensation for, the tare weight of an unloaded container, e.g. of a disposable container

|  | G01G 13/16 |
· | Means for automatically discharging weigh receptacles under control of the weighing mechanism

|  | G01G 13/18 |
· · | by valves or flaps in the container bottom

|  | G01G 13/20 |
· · | by screw conveyers in the weigh receptacle

|  | G01G 13/22 |
· · | by tilting or rotating the receptacle

|  | G01G 13/24 |
· | Weighing mechanism control arrangements for automatic feed or discharge

|  | G01G 13/26 |
· · | involving fluid-pressure systems

|  | G01G 13/28 |
· · | involving variation of an electrical variable which is used to control loading or discharge of the receptacle

|  | G01G 13/285 |
· · · | involving comparison with a reference value (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 13/29 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 13/29 |
· · · | involving digital counting [3]

|  | G01G 13/295 |
· · · | for controlling automatic loading of the receptacle [3]

|  | G01G 13/30 |
· · | involving limit switches or position-sensing switches

|  | G01G 13/32 |
· · · | involving photoelectric devices

|  | G01G 13/34 |
· · | involving mechanical linkage motivated by the weighing mechanism

P:30 |  | G01G 15/00 |
Arrangements for check-weighing of materials dispensed into removable containers (packaging aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B)

|  | G01G 15/02 |
· | with provision for adding or removing a make-up quantity of material to obtain the desired net weight (dribble-feed means for automatic batch-weighers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 13/04)

|  | G01G 15/04 |
· | with provision for adding or removing a make-up quantity of material to obtain the desired gross weight (dribble-feed means for automatic batch-weighers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 13/04)

P:0 |  | G01G 17/00 |
Apparatus for, or methods of, weighing material of special form or property (determining weight by measuring volume Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F)

|  | G01G 17/02 |
· | for weighing material of filamentary or sheet form

|  | G01G 17/04 |
· | for weighing fluids, e.g. gases, pastes

|  | G01G 17/06 |
· · | having means for controlling the supply or discharge

|  | G01G 17/08 |
· | for weighing livestock

P:40 |  | G01G 19/00 |
Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 11/00-G01G 17/00

|  | G01G 19/02 |
· | for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles

|  | G01G 19/03 |
· · | for weighing during motion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/07 take precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 19/04 |
· · | for weighing railway vehicles

|  | G01G 19/06 |
· · · | on overhead rails

|  | G01G 19/07 |
· · | for weighing aircraft

|  | G01G 19/08 |
· | for incorporation in vehicles (arrangements on vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60P 5/00)

|  | G01G 19/10 |
· · | having fluid weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/12 |
· · | having electrical weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/14 |
· | for weighing suspended loads (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 3/00 takes precedence; incorporation of weighing devices in cranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C 1/40, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C 13/16)

|  | G01G 19/16 |
· · | having fluid weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/18 |
· · | having electrical weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/20 |
· · | for weighing unbalanced loads

|  | G01G 19/22 |
· | for apportioning materials by weighing prior to mixing them (ratio regulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 11/00)

|  | G01G 19/24 |
· · | using a single weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 19/26 |
· · · | associated with two or more counterweighted beams

|  | G01G 19/28 |
· · · | having fluid weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/30 |
· · · | having electrical weight-sensitive devices

|  | G01G 19/32 |
· · | using two or more weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 19/34 |
· · | with electrical control means

|  | G01G 19/36 |
· · | with mechanical control means

|  | G01G 19/38 |
· · | programme controlled, e.g. by perforated tape

|  | G01G 19/387 |
· | for combinatorial weighing, i.e. selecting a combination of articles whose total weight or number is closest to a desired value [5]

|  | G01G 19/393 |
· · | using two or more weighing units [5]

|  | G01G 19/40 |
· | with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight (indicating means for weighing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 23/18; recording means for weighing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 23/18; computers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01G 19/41 |
· · | using mechanical computing means

|  | G01G 19/413 |
· · | using electromechanical or electronic computing means

|  | G01G 19/414 |
· · · | using electronic computing means only [5]

|  | G01G 19/415 |
· · · · | combined with recording means [5]

|  | G01G 19/417 |
· · | with provision for checking computing part of balance

|  | G01G 19/42 |
· · | for counting by weighing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/387 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G01G 19/44 |
· | for weighing persons

|  | G01G 19/46 |
· · | Spring balances specially adapted for this purpose

|  | G01G 19/48 |
· · | Pendulum balances specially adapted for this purpose

|  | G01G 19/50 |
· · | having additional measuring devices, e.g. for height

|  | G01G 19/52 |
· | Weighing apparatus combined with other objects, e.g. with furniture (with walking-sticks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A45B 3/08)

|  | G01G 19/54 |
· · | combined with writing implements or paper-knives

|  | G01G 19/56 |
· · | combined with handles of tools or of household implements

|  | G01G 19/58 |
· · | combined with handles of suit-cases or trunks

|  | G01G 19/60 |
· · | combined with fishing equipment, e.g. with fishing rods

|  | G01G 19/62 |
· | Over or under weighing apparatus [3]

|  | G01G 19/64 |
· | Percentage-indicating weighing apparatus, i.e. for expressing the weight as a percentage of a predetermined or initial weight [3]

P:100 |  | G01G 21/00 |
Details of weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 21/02 |
· | Arrangements of bearings (bearings per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | G01G 21/04 |
· · | of knife-edge bearings

|  | G01G 21/06 |
· · | of ball or roller bearings

|  | G01G 21/07 |
· · | of flexure-plate bearings [3]

|  | G01G 21/08 |
· · | Bearing mountings or adjusting means therefor

|  | G01G 21/10 |
· · | Floating suspensions; Arrangements of shock-absorbers (shock-absorbers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16F)

|  | G01G 21/12 |
· · | Devices for preventing derangement

|  | G01G 21/14 |
· | Beams

|  | G01G 21/16 |
· · | of composite construction; Connections between different beams

|  | G01G 21/18 |
· | Link connections between the beam and the weigh pan

|  | G01G 21/20 |
· · | for precision weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 21/22 |
· | Weigh-pans or other weighing receptacles; Weighing platforms

|  | G01G 21/23 |
· | Support or suspension of weighing platforms (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 21/24 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 21/24 |
· | Guides or linkages for ensuring parallel motion of the weigh-pans

|  | G01G 21/26 |
· | Counterweights; Poise-weights; Sets of weights; Holders for the reception of weights

|  | G01G 21/28 |
· | Frames; Housings

|  | G01G 21/30 |
· | Means for preventing contamination by dust

P:110 |  | G01G 23/00 |
Auxiliary devices for weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 23/01 |
· | Testing or calibrating of weighing apparatus [3]

|  | G01G 23/02 |
· | Relieving mechanisms; Arrestment mechanisms

|  | G01G 23/04 |
· · | for precision weighing apparatus

|  | G01G 23/06 |
· | Means for damping oscillations, e.g. of weigh-beams

|  | G01G 23/08 |
· · | by fluid means

|  | G01G 23/10 |
· · | by electric or magnetic means

|  | G01G 23/12 |
· · | specially adapted for preventing oscillations due to movement of the load

|  | G01G 23/14 |
· | Devices for determining tare weight or for cancelling out the tare by zeroising, e.g. mechanically operated (in connection with automatic loading Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 13/14)

|  | G01G 23/16 |
· · | electrically or magnetically operated

|  | G01G 23/18 |
· | Indicating devices, e.g. for remote indication; Recording devices; Scales, e.g. graduated

|  | G01G 23/20 |
· · | Indicating the weight by mechanical means

|  | G01G 23/22 |
· · · | combined with price indicators

|  | G01G 23/24 |
· · · | involving logarithmic scales

|  | G01G 23/26 |
· · · | Drive for the indicating member, e.g. mechanical amplifiers

|  | G01G 23/28 |
· · · | involving auxiliary or memory marks

|  | G01G 23/30 |
· · · | with means for illuminating the scale

|  | G01G 23/32 |
· · | Indicating the weight by optical projection means

|  | G01G 23/34 |
· · · | combined with price indicators

|  | G01G 23/35 |
· · | Indicating the weight by photographic recording

|  | G01G 23/36 |
· · | Indicating the weight by electrical means, e.g. using photoelectric cells

|  | G01G 23/365 |
· · · | involving comparison with a reference value (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 23/37 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01G 23/37 |
· · · | involving digital counting

|  | G01G 23/375 |
· · · · | during the movement of a coded element [3]

|  | G01G 23/38 |
· · | Recording or coding devices specially adapted for weighing apparatus (computers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06; disc converters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C)

|  | G01G 23/40 |
· · · | mechanically operated

|  | G01G 23/42 |
· · · | electrically operated

|  | G01G 23/44 |
· · · · | Coding devices therefor [3]

|  | G01G 23/46 |
· · · | Devices preventing recording until the weighing mechanism has come to rest [3]

|  | G01G 23/48 |
· | Temperature-compensating arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 1/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 1/42, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 3/18 take precedence) [3]