|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H01 |
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

|  | H01 |
Note(s) Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]

|  | H01S |
DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION

|  | H01S |
Note(s) This subclass covers: devices for the generation or amplification, by using stimulated emission, of coherent electromagnetic waves or other forms of wave energy; [2] such functions as modulating, demodulating, controlling, or stabilising such waves. [2]

|  | H01S |
Subclass index
MASERS | 1/00
SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS | 5/00
LASERS OTHER THAN SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS | 3/00
OTHER DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION | 4/00

P:20 |  | H01S 1/00 |
Masers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of electromagnetic waves of wavelength longer than that of infra-red waves

|  | H01S 1/02 |
· | solid

|  | H01S 1/04 |
· | liquid

|  | H01S 1/06 |
· | gaseous

P:10 |  | H01S 3/00 |
Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves (semiconductor lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/00)

|  | H01S 3/02 |
· | Constructional details

|  | H01S 3/03 |
· · | of gas laser discharge tubes [2]

|  | H01S 3/032 |
· · · | for confinement of the discharge, e.g. by special features of the discharge constricting tube [5]

|  | H01S 3/034 |
· · · | Optical devices within, or forming part of, the tube, e.g. windows, mirrors (reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/086) [5]

|  | H01S 3/036 |
· · · | Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired gas pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering, replenishing; Means for circulating the gas, e.g. for equalising the pressure within the tube (cooling arrangements for gas lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/041; gas dynamic lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/0979) [5]

|  | H01S 3/038 |
· · · | Electrodes, e.g. special shape, configuration or composition [5]

|  | H01S 3/04 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | H01S 3/041 |
· · · | for gas lasers [5]

|  | H01S 3/042 |
· · · | for solid state lasers [5]

|  | H01S 3/05 |
· | Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium

|  | H01S 3/06 |
· · | Construction or shape of active medium

|  | H01S 3/063 |
· · · | Waveguide lasers, e.g. laser amplifiers [7]

|  | H01S 3/067 |
· · · · | Fibre lasers [7]

|  | H01S 3/07 |
· · · | consisting of a plurality of parts, e.g. segments (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/067 takes precedence) [2,7]

|  | H01S 3/08 |
· · | Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof [2]

|  | H01S 3/081 |
· · · | comprising more than two reflectors [2]

|  | H01S 3/082 |
· · · · | defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection [2]

|  | H01S 3/083 |
· · · · | Ring lasers (ring laser gyrometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/66) [2]

|  | H01S 3/086 |
· · · | One or more reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator (varying a parameter of the laser output during operation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/10; stabilisation of the laser output Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/13) [2]

|  | H01S 3/09 |
· | Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping

|  | H01S 3/091 |
· · | using optical pumping [2]

|  | H01S 3/0915 |
· · · | by incoherent light [5]

|  | H01S 3/092 |
· · · · | of flash lamp (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/0937 takes precedence) [2,5]

|  | H01S 3/093 |
· · · · · | focusing or directing the excitation energy into the active medium [2,5]

|  | H01S 3/0933 |
· · · · | of a semiconductor, e.g. light emitting diode [5]

|  | H01S 3/0937 |
· · · · | produced by exploding or combustible material [5]

|  | H01S 3/094 |
· · · | by coherent light [2]

|  | H01S 3/0941 |
· · · · | of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode [6]

|  | H01S 3/0943 |
· · · · | of a gas laser [5]

|  | H01S 3/0947 |
· · · · | of an organic dye laser [5]

|  | H01S 3/095 |
· · | using chemical or thermal pumping [2]

|  | H01S 3/0951 |
· · · | by increasing the pressure in the laser gas medium [5]

|  | H01S 3/0953 |
· · · · | Gas dynamic lasers, i.e. with expansion of the laser gas medium to supersonic flow speeds [5]

|  | H01S 3/0955 |
· · | using pumping by high energy particles [5]

|  | H01S 3/0957 |
· · · | by high energy nuclear particles [5]

|  | H01S 3/0959 |
· · · | by an electron beam [5]

|  | H01S 3/097 |
· · | by gas discharge of a gas laser [2]

|  | H01S 3/0971 |
· · · | transversely excited (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/0975 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H01S 3/0973 |
· · · · | having a travelling wave passing through the active medium [5]

|  | H01S 3/0975 |
· · · | using inductive or capacitive excitation [5]

|  | H01S 3/0977 |
· · · | having auxiliary ionisation means [5]

|  | H01S 3/0979 |
· · · | Gas dynamic lasers, i.e. with expansion of the laser gas medium to supersonic flow speeds [5]

|  | H01S 3/098 |
· | Mode locking; Mode suppression (mode suppression using a plurality of resonators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/082) [2]

|  | H01S 3/10 |
· | Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating (mode locking Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/098; controlling of light beams, frequency-changing, non-linear optics, optical logic elements, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F) [2]

|  | H01S 3/101 |
· · | Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted (optical scanning systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 26/10; devices or arrangements for the electro-, magneto-, or acousto-optical deflection Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/29) [2]

|  | H01S 3/102 |
· · | by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/13 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01S 3/104 |
· · · | in gas lasers [4]

|  | H01S 3/105 |
· · | by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/13 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01S 3/1055 |
· · · | one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating [4]

|  | H01S 3/106 |
· · | by controlling a device placed within the cavity (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/13 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01S 3/107 |
· · · | using an electro-optical device, e.g. exhibiting Pockels- or Kerr-effect [4]

|  | H01S 3/108 |
· · · | using a non-linear optical device, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin- or Raman-scattering [4]

|  | H01S 3/109 |
· · · · | Frequency multiplying, e.g. harmonic generation [4]

|  | H01S 3/11 |
· · | in which the quality factor of the optical resonator is rapidly changed, i.e. giant-pulse technique

|  | H01S 3/113 |
· · · | using bleachable or solarising media [2]

|  | H01S 3/115 |
· · · | using an electro-optical device [4]

|  | H01S 3/117 |
· · · | using an acousto-optical device [4]

|  | H01S 3/121 |
· · · | using a mechanical device [4]

|  | H01S 3/123 |
· · · · | Rotating mirror [4]

|  | H01S 3/125 |
· · · · | Rotating prism [4]

|  | H01S 3/127 |
· · · | Plural Q-switches [4]

|  | H01S 3/13 |
· · | Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency, amplitude [2]

|  | H01S 3/131 |
· · · | by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation [4]

|  | H01S 3/134 |
· · · · | in gas lasers [4]

|  | H01S 3/136 |
· · · | by controlling a device placed within the cavity [4]

|  | H01S 3/137 |
· · · · | for stabilising of frequency [4]

|  | H01S 3/139 |
· · · | by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity [4]

|  | H01S 3/14 |
· | characterised by the material used as the active medium

|  | H01S 3/16 |
· · | Solid materials

|  | H01S 3/17 |
· · · | amorphous, e.g. glass [2]

|  | H01S 3/20 |
· · | Liquids

|  | H01S 3/207 |
· · · | including a chelate [5]

|  | H01S 3/213 |
· · · | including an organic dye [5]

|  | H01S 3/22 |
· · | Gases

|  | H01S 3/223 |
· · · | the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing more than one atom (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/227 takes precedence) [2,5]

|  | H01S 3/225 |
· · · · | comprising an excimer or exciplex [5]

|  | H01S 3/227 |
· · · | Metal vapour [5]

|  | H01S 3/23 |
· | Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/02-H01S 3/14, e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media (involving only semiconductor lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/40) [2,7]

|  | H01S 3/30 |
· | using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects [2]

P:30 |  | H01S 4/00 |
Devices using stimulated emission of wave energy other than those covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/00, e.g. phonon maser, gamma maser

P:0 |  | H01S 5/00 |
Semiconductor lasers [7]

|  | H01S 5/02 |
· | Structural details or components not essential to laser action [7]

|  | H01S 5/022 |
· · | Mountings; Housings [7]

|  | H01S 5/024 |
· · | Cooling arrangements [7]

|  | H01S 5/026 |
· · | Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors, drivers (stabilisation of output Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/06; coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/42; devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state components formed in or on a common substrate, specially adapted for light emission Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/15) [7]

|  | H01S 5/028 |
· · | Coatings [7]

|  | H01S 5/04 |
· | Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/06 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/042 |
· · | Electrical excitation [7]

|  | H01S 5/06 |
· | Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium (transmission systems employing light Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 10/00) [7]

|  | H01S 5/062 |
· · | by varying the potential of the electrodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/065 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/0625 |
· · · | in multi-section lasers [7]

|  | H01S 5/065 |
· · | Mode locking; Mode suppression; Mode selection [7]

|  | H01S 5/068 |
· · | Stabilisation of laser output parameters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/0625 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/0683 |
· · · | by monitoring the optical output parameters [7]

|  | H01S 5/0687 |
· · · · | Stabilising the frequency of the laser [7]

|  | H01S 5/10 |
· | Construction or shape of the optical resonator [7]

|  | H01S 5/12 |
· · | the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feed-back lasers (DFB-lasers) (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/18 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/125 |
· · · | Distributed Bragg reflector lasers (DBR-lasers) [7]

|  | H01S 5/14 |
· · | External cavity lasers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/18 takes precedence; mode locking Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/065) [7]

|  | H01S 5/16 |
· · | Window-type lasers, i.e. with a region of non-absorbing material between the active region and the reflecting surface (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/14 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/18 |
· · | Surface-emitting lasers (SE-lasers) [7]

|  | H01S 5/183 |
· · · | having a vertical cavity (VCSE-lasers) [7]

|  | H01S 5/187 |
· · · | using a distributed Bragg reflector (SE-DBR-lasers) (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/183 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/20 |
· | Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave [7]

|  | H01S 5/22 |
· · | having a ridge or a stripe structure [7]

|  | H01S 5/223 |
· · · | Buried stripe structure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/227 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/227 |
· · · | Buried mesa structure [7]

|  | H01S 5/24 |
· · | having a grooved structure, e.g. V-grooved [7]

|  | H01S 5/30 |
· | Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region [7]

|  | H01S 5/32 |
· · | comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- hetero-structures (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/34, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/36 take precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/323 |
· · · | in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser [7]

|  | H01S 5/327 |
· · · | in AIIBVI compounds, e.g. ZnCdSe-laser [7]

|  | H01S 5/34 |
· · | comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well lasers (SQW-lasers), multiple quantum well lasers (MQW-lasers), graded index separate confinement heterostructure lasers (GRINSCH-lasers) (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/36 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/343 |
· · · | in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser [7]

|  | H01S 5/347 |
· · · | in AIIBVI compounds, e.g. ZnCdSe-laser [7]

|  | H01S 5/36 |
· · | comprising organic materials (dye lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/213) [8]

|  | H01S 5/40 |
· | Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/02-H01S 5/30 (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/50 takes precedence) [7]

|  | H01S 5/42 |
· · | Arrays of surface emitting lasers [7]

|  | H01S 5/50 |
· | Amplifier structures not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 5/02-H01S 5/30 (as repeaters in transmission systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 10/17) [7]