|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C05 |
FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF (processes or devices for granulating materials, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 17/00) [4]

|  | C05 |
Note(s) An ingredient in a mixture of fertilisers, or a single fertiliser which contains more than one of the chemical elements on which the subdivision into subclasses is based, is classified only in the first of the appropriate subclasses. Thus, a nitrophosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C, magnesium phosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D, and calcium cyanamide in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D. Any ingredient in a mixture, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also additionally be classified according to Note (1). This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of mixtures using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]

|  | C05F |
ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE

|  | C05F |
Note(s) Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5] Processes where the composting step is the characterising feature, or apparatus therefor, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 17/00. [5]

P:20 |  | C05F 1/00 |
Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof

|  | C05F 1/02 |
· | Apparatus for their manufacture

P:40 |  | C05F 3/00 |
Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure

|  | C05F 3/02 |
· | Guano

|  | C05F 3/04 |
· | from human faecal masses

|  | C05F 3/06 |
· | Apparatus for their manufacture

P:50 |  | C05F 5/00 |
Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant, or similar wastes or residues

P:60 |  | C05F 7/00 |
Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses (methods or installations for de-watering, drying, or incineration of sludge Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 11/00)

|  | C05F 7/02 |
· | from sulfite liquor or other waste lyes from the manufacture of cellulose

|  | C05F 7/04 |
· | from waste liquors in the potash industry

P:30 |  | C05F 9/00 |
Fertilisers from household or town refuse

|  | C05F 9/02 |
· | Apparatus for the manufacture

|  | C05F 9/04 |
· | Biological compost

P:70 |  | C05F 11/00 |
Other organic fertilisers

|  | C05F 11/02 |
· | from peat, brown coal, or similar vegetable deposits

|  | C05F 11/04 |
· · | Horticultural earth ("Gärtnerische Erden") from peat

|  | C05F 11/06 |
· · | Apparatus for their manufacture

|  | C05F 11/08 |
· | Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like

|  | C05F 11/10 |
· | Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones

P:0 |  | C05F 15/00 |
Mixtures of fertilisers covered by more than one of main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 1/00-C05F 11/00; Fertilisers from mixtures of starting materials, all the starting materials being covered by this subclass but not by the same main group [5]

P:10 |  | C05F 17/00 |
Preparation of fertilisers characterised by the composting step [5]

|  | C05F 17/02 |
· | Apparatus therefor [5]