|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "preparation" covers purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives, unless a separate place is provided therefor. [4] Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01P. [8] In subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C-C07K and within each of theses subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. For example, 2-butyl-pyridine, which contains an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring, is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation are also classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed, if of interest. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed, when such groups exist. The compounds prepared are also classified in the groups for the types of compound prepared, if of interest. In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the compounds containing carboxyl or thiocarboxyl groups are classified as the relevant carboxylic or thiocarboxylic acids, unless the "last place rule" (see Note (3), above) dictates otherwise; a carboxyl group being a carbon atom having three bonds, and no more than three, to hetero atoms, other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso groups, with at least one multiple bond to the same hetero atom and a thiocarboxyl group being a carboxyl group having at least one bond to a sulfur atom, e.g. amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids, are classified with the corresponding acids. [5] Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 211/46), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F, the alcoholates in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts, adducts or complexes formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes. [2]

|  | C07F |
ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC, OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM (metal-containing porphyrins Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 487/22)

|  | C07F |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to Note (3) after class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07, which defines the last place priority rule applied in the range of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C-C07K and within these subclasses. [8] Attention is drawn to Note (6) following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07. [2] Therapeutic activity of compounds is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61P. [7] In this subclass, organic acid salts, alcoholates, phenates, chelates or mercaptides are classified as the parent compounds. [2]

P:90 |  | C07F 1/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 1st Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 1/02 |
· | Lithium compounds

|  | C07F 1/04 |
· | Sodium compounds

|  | C07F 1/06 |
· | Potassium compounds

|  | C07F 1/08 |
· | Copper compounds

|  | C07F 1/10 |
· | Silver compounds

|  | C07F 1/12 |
· | Gold compounds

P:80 |  | C07F 3/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 3/02 |
· | Magnesium compounds

|  | C07F 3/04 |
· | Calcium compounds

|  | C07F 3/06 |
· | Zinc compounds

|  | C07F 3/08 |
· | Cadmium compounds

|  | C07F 3/10 |
· | Mercury compounds

|  | C07F 3/12 |
· · | Aromatic substances containing mercury

|  | C07F 3/14 |
· · | Heterocyclic substances containing mercury

P:70 |  | C07F 5/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 3rd Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 5/02 |
· | Boron compounds

|  | C07F 5/04 |
· · | Esters of boric acids

|  | C07F 5/05 |
· · | Cyclic compounds having at least one ring containing boron but no carbon in the ring [2]

|  | C07F 5/06 |
· | Aluminium compounds

P:60 |  | C07F 7/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 4th Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 7/02 |
· | Silicon compounds

|  | C07F 7/04 |
· · | Esters of silicic acids

|  | C07F 7/06 |
· · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds

|  | C07F 7/07 |
· · · | Cyclic esters [2]

|  | C07F 7/08 |
· · | Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages

|  | C07F 7/10 |
· · · | containing nitrogen

|  | C07F 7/12 |
· · · | Organo silicon halides

|  | C07F 7/14 |
· · · · | Preparation thereof from halogenated silanes and hydrocarbons

|  | C07F 7/16 |
· · · · | Preparation thereof from silicon and halogenated hydrocarbons

|  | C07F 7/18 |
· · · | Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages

|  | C07F 7/20 |
· · · | Purification; Separation

|  | C07F 7/21 |
· · | Cyclic compounds having at least one ring containing silicon but no carbon in the ring [2]

|  | C07F 7/22 |
· | Tin compounds

|  | C07F 7/24 |
· | Lead compounds

|  | C07F 7/26 |
· · | Tetra-alkyl lead compounds

|  | C07F 7/28 |
· | Titanium compounds

|  | C07F 7/30 |
· | Germanium compounds [2]

P:50 |  | C07F 9/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 5th Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 9/02 |
· | Phosphorus compounds (sugar phosphates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 11/04; nucleotides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 19/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 21/00; nucleic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 21/00) [2]

|  | C07F 9/04 |
· · | Reaction products of phosphorus sulfur compounds with hydrocarbons

|  | C07F 9/06 |
· · | without P—C bonds

|  | C07F 9/08 |
· · · | Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus

|  | C07F 9/09 |
· · · · | Esters of phosphoric acids [2]

|  | C07F 9/10 |
· · · · · | Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin

|  | C07F 9/11 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl [2]

|  | C07F 9/113 |
· · · · · | with unsaturated acyclic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/117 |
· · · · · | with cycloaliphatic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/12 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [2]

|  | C07F 9/14 |
· · · · · | containing P-halide groups [2]

|  | C07F 9/141 |
· · · · | Esters of phosphorous acids [2]

|  | C07F 9/142 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl [2]

|  | C07F 9/143 |
· · · · · | with unsaturated acyclic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/144 |
· · · · · | with cycloaliphatic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/145 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [2]

|  | C07F 9/146 |
· · · · · | containing P-halide groups [2]

|  | C07F 9/16 |
· · · | Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids

|  | C07F 9/165 |
· · · · | Esters of thiophosphoric acids [2]

|  | C07F 9/17 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl [2]

|  | C07F 9/173 |
· · · · · | with unsaturated acyclic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/177 |
· · · · · | with cycloaliphatic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/18 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [2]

|  | C07F 9/20 |
· · · · · | containing P-halide groups [2]

|  | C07F 9/201 |
· · · · | Esters of thiophosphorous acids [2]

|  | C07F 9/202 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl [2]

|  | C07F 9/203 |
· · · · · | with unsaturated acyclic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/204 |
· · · · · | with cycloaliphatic alcohols [2]

|  | C07F 9/205 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [2]

|  | C07F 9/206 |
· · · · · | containing P-halide groups [2]

|  | C07F 9/22 |
· · · | Amides of acids of phosphorus

|  | C07F 9/24 |
· · · · | Esteramides

|  | C07F 9/26 |
· · · · | containing P-halide groups

|  | C07F 9/28 |
· · | with one or more P—C bonds

|  | C07F 9/30 |
· · · | Phosphinic acids (R2=P(:O)OH); Thiophosphinic acids

|  | C07F 9/32 |
· · · · | Esters thereof

|  | C07F 9/34 |
· · · · | Halides thereof

|  | C07F 9/36 |
· · · · | Amides thereof

|  | C07F 9/38 |
· · · | Phosphonic acids (R—P(:O)(OH)2); Thiophosphonic acids

|  | C07F 9/40 |
· · · · | Esters thereof

|  | C07F 9/42 |
· · · · | Halides thereof

|  | C07F 9/44 |
· · · · | Amides thereof

|  | C07F 9/46 |
· · · | Phosphinous acids (R2=P—OH); Thiophosphinous acids

|  | C07F 9/48 |
· · · | Phosphonous acids (R—P (OH)2); Thiophosphonous acids

|  | C07F 9/50 |
· · · | Organo-phosphines

|  | C07F 9/52 |
· · · · | Halophosphines

|  | C07F 9/53 |
· · · · | Organo-phosphine oxides; Organo-phosphine sulfides [2]

|  | C07F 9/535 |
· · · | Organo-phosphoranes [3]

|  | C07F 9/54 |
· · · | Quaternary phosphonium compounds

|  | C07F 9/547 |
· · | Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom [5]

|  | C07F 9/553 |
· · · | having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [5]

|  | C07F 9/564 |
· · · · | Three-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/568 |
· · · · | Four-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/572 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/576 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/58 |
· · · · · | Pyridine rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/59 |
· · · · · | Hydrogenated pyridine rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/60 |
· · · · · | Quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems [5]

|  | C07F 9/62 |
· · · · · | Isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems [5]

|  | C07F 9/64 |
· · · · · | Acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems [5]

|  | C07F 9/645 |
· · · | having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6503 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6506 |
· · · · · | having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3 [5]

|  | C07F 9/6509 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6512 |
· · · · · | having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3 [5]

|  | C07F 9/6515 |
· · · | having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6518 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6521 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6524 |
· · · | having four or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6527 |
· · · | having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/653 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6533 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6536 |
· · · | having nitrogen and sulfur atoms with or without oxygen atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6539 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6541 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems [5]

|  | C07F 9/6544 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6547 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems [5]

|  | C07F 9/655 |
· · · | having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6553 |
· · · | having sulfur atoms, with or without selenium or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6558 |
· · · | containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system [5]

|  | C07F 9/6561 |
· · · | containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings [5]

|  | C07F 9/6564 |
· · · | having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6568 |
· · · · | having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6571 |
· · · · | having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6574 |
· · · · · | Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus [5]

|  | C07F 9/6578 |
· · · · | having phosphorus and sulfur atoms with or without oxygen atoms, as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6581 |
· · · · | having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6584 |
· · · · · | having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom [5]

|  | C07F 9/6587 |
· · · · · | having two phosphorus atoms as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/659 |
· · · · · | having three phosphorus atoms as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/6593 |
· · · · · · | 1,3,5-Triaza-2,4,6-triphosphorines [5]

|  | C07F 9/6596 |
· · · | having atoms other than oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, nitrogen or phosphorus as ring hetero atoms [5]

|  | C07F 9/66 |
· | Arsenic compounds

|  | C07F 9/68 |
· · | without As—C bonds

|  | C07F 9/70 |
· · | Organo-arsenic compounds

|  | C07F 9/72 |
· · · | Aliphatic compounds

|  | C07F 9/74 |
· · · | Aromatic compounds

|  | C07F 9/76 |
· · · · | containing hydroxyl groups

|  | C07F 9/78 |
· · · · | containing amino groups

|  | C07F 9/80 |
· · · | Heterocyclic compounds

|  | C07F 9/82 |
· · · · | Arsenic compounds containing one or more pyridine rings

|  | C07F 9/84 |
· · · · | Arsenic compounds containing one or more quinoline ring systems

|  | C07F 9/86 |
· · · · | Arsenic compounds containing one or more isoquinoline ring systems

|  | C07F 9/88 |
· · · · | Arsenic compounds containing one or more acridine ring systems

|  | C07F 9/90 |
· | Antimony compounds

|  | C07F 9/92 |
· · | Aromatic compounds

|  | C07F 9/94 |
· | Bismuth compounds

P:40 |  | C07F 11/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 6th Group of the Periodic System

P:30 |  | C07F 13/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 7th Group of the Periodic System

P:20 |  | C07F 15/00 |
Compounds containing elements of the 8th Group of the Periodic System

|  | C07F 15/02 |
· | Iron compounds

|  | C07F 15/03 |
· · | Sideramines; The corresponding desferri compounds

|  | C07F 15/04 |
· | Nickel compounds

|  | C07F 15/06 |
· | Cobalt compounds

P:10 |  | C07F 17/00 |
Metallocenes [2]

|  | C07F 17/02 |
· | of metals of the iron group or the platinum group [2]

P:0 |  | C07F 19/00 |
Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F 1/00-C07F 17/00 [5]