|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C04 |
CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES (alloys based on refractory metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C) [4]

|  | C04 |
Note(s) This class does not cover mechanical features provided for elsewhere, e.g. mechanical working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28, kilns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.

|  | C04B |
LIME; MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE [4]

|  | C04B |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6] "fillers" includes pigments, aggregates and fibrous reinforcing materials; [6] "active ingredients" includes processing aids or property improvers, e.g. grinding aids used after the burning process or used in the absence of a burning process; [6] "mortars", "concrete" and "artificial stone" are to be considered as a single group of materials, and therefore, in the absence of an indication to be contrary, they include mortar, concrete and other cementitious compositions. [6]

|  | C04B |
Subclass index
LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG | 2/00; 5/00
CEMENTS | 7/00 - 12/00
MORTARS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE |
Compositions | 26/00 - 32/00
Fillers | 14/00 - 20/00
Active ingredients | 22/00, 24/00
Porous products | 38/00
Influencing or modifying the properties of mortars | 40/00
After-treatment | 41/00
CERAMICS |
Clay-wares | 33/00
Other ceramics | 35/00
Joining | 37/00
Porous products | 38/00
After-treatment | 41/00
TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE | 41/00

|  | C04B 2/00 - C04B 5/00 |
Lime; Magnesia; Slag

P:210 |  | C04B 2/00 |
Lime, magnesia or dolomite (hydraulic lime cements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/34) [4]

|  | C04B 2/02 |
· | Lime [4]

|  | C04B 2/04 |
· · | Slaking [4]

|  | C04B 2/06 |
· · · | with addition of substances, e.g. hydrophobic agents [4]

|  | C04B 2/08 |
· · · | Devices therefor [4]

|  | C04B 2/10 |
· | Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling (decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/43) [4]

|  | C04B 2/12 |
· · | in shaft or vertical furnaces (shaft or vertical furnaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 1/00) [4]

P:30 |  | C04B 5/00 |
Treatment of molten slag (manufacture of slag wool Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B; in, or for, the production of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B); Artificial stone from molten slag (mechanical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/54) [4]

|  | C04B 5/02 |
· | Granulating (apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00); Dehydrating; Drying

|  | C04B 5/06 |
· | Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag; Treatment with gases or gas generating material, e.g. to obtain porous slag [4]

|  | C04B 7/00 - C04B 12/00 |
Cements

|  | C04B 7/00 - C04B 32/00 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 32/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [4]

P:190 |  | C04B 7/00 |
Hydraulic cements (calcium sulfate cements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 11/00)

|  | C04B 7/02 |
· | Portland cement

|  | C04B 7/04 |
· · | using raw materials containing gypsum

|  | C04B 7/06 |
· · | using alkaline raw materials

|  | C04B 7/12 |
· | Natural pozzuolanas; Natural pozzuolana cements (cements containing slag Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/14) [4]

|  | C04B 7/13 |
· · | Mixtures thereof with inorganic cementitious materials, e.g. Portland cements [4]

|  | C04B 7/14 |
· | Cements containing slag

|  | C04B 7/147 |
· · | Metallurgical slag [4]

|  | C04B 7/153 |
· · · | Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators [4]

|  | C04B 7/17 |
· · · · | with calcium oxide containing activators [4]

|  | C04B 7/19 |
· · · · · | Portland cements [4]

|  | C04B 7/21 |
· · · · | with calcium sulfate containing activators [4]

|  | C04B 7/22 |
· | Iron ore cements

|  | C04B 7/24 |
· | Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag [4]

|  | C04B 7/26 |
· · | from raw materials containing flue dust

|  | C04B 7/28 |
· · | from combustion residues (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/26 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 7/30 |
· · | from oil shale; from oil shale residues [4]

|  | C04B 7/32 |
· | Aluminous cements

|  | C04B 7/34 |
· | Hydraulic lime cements; Roman cements

|  | C04B 7/345 |
· | Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/02-C04B 7/34 [4]

|  | C04B 7/36 |
· | Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general

|  | C04B 7/38 |
· · | Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches [4]

|  | C04B 7/40 |
· · · | Dehydrating; Forming, e.g. granulating (apparatus for granulating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00)

|  | C04B 7/42 |
· · · | Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process (after the burning process Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 22/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/00)

|  | C04B 7/43 |
· · | Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling [4]

|  | C04B 7/44 |
· · · | Burning; Melting [4]

|  | C04B 7/45 |
· · · · | in fluidised beds [4]

|  | C04B 7/46 |
· · · · | electric [4]

|  | C04B 7/47 |
· · · | Cooling [4]

|  | C04B 7/48 |
· · | Clinker treatment (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/47 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 7/51 |
· · · | Hydrating [4]

|  | C04B 7/52 |
· · · | Grinding

|  | C04B 7/60 |
· · | Methods for eliminating alkali metals or compounds thereof [4]

P:180 |  | C04B 9/00 |
Magnesium cements or silimar cements

|  | C04B 9/02 |
· | Magnesium cements containing chlorides, e.g. Sorel cement

|  | C04B 9/04 |
· | Magnesium cements containing sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, or fluorides

|  | C04B 9/06 |
· | Cements containing metal compounds other than magnesium compounds, e.g. compounds of zinc or lead

|  | C04B 9/11 |
· | Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials [4]

|  | C04B 9/12 |
· · | with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements [4]

|  | C04B 9/20 |
· | Manufacture, e.g. preparing the batches (preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime stone, magnesite or dolomite Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 2/10)

P:170 |  | C04B 11/00 |
Calcium sulfate cements

|  | C04B 11/02 |
· | Dehydrating gypsum

|  | C04B 11/024 |
· · | Ingredients added before, or during, the calcining process, e.g. calcination modifiers [4]

|  | C04B 11/028 |
· · | Devices therefor [4]

|  | C04B 11/032 |
· · · | for the wet process, e.g. dehydrating in solution or under saturated vapor conditions [4]

|  | C04B 11/036 |
· · · | for the dry process, e.g. dehydrating in a fluidised bed or in a rotary kiln [4]

|  | C04B 11/05 |
· | obtaining anhydrite (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 11/028 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 11/06 |
· | starting from anhydrite

|  | C04B 11/26 |
· | starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 11/02 takes precedence; chemical or biological purification of waste gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/34) [4]

|  | C04B 11/28 |
· | Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/153 take precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 11/30 |
· · | with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements [4]

P:200 |  | C04B 12/00 |
Cements not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 11/00 [4]

|  | C04B 12/02 |
· | Phosphate cements (in, or for, the manufacture of ceramics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/00) [4]

|  | C04B 12/04 |
· | Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements (alkali metal silicates per se, their preparation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/32; ammonium silicates per se, their preparation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01C 1/00) [4]

|  | C04B 14/00 - C04B 20/00 |
Use of materials as fillers (ceramics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/00; reinforcing elements for building materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C 5/00) [4]

P:160 |  | C04B 14/00 |
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone (expanding or defibrillating materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 20/00) [4]

|  | C04B 14/02 |
· | Granular materials [4]

|  | C04B 14/04 |
· · | Silica-rich materials; Silicates [4]

|  | C04B 14/06 |
· · · | Quartz; Sand [4]

|  | C04B 14/08 |
· · · | Diatomaceous earth [4]

|  | C04B 14/10 |
· · · | Clay [4]

|  | C04B 14/12 |
· · · · | Expanded clay [4]

|  | C04B 14/14 |
· · · | Minerals of vulcanic origin [4]

|  | C04B 14/16 |
· · · · | porous, e.g. pumice [4]

|  | C04B 14/18 |
· · · · | Perlite [4]

|  | C04B 14/20 |
· · · | Mica; Vermiculite [4]

|  | C04B 14/22 |
· · · | Glass [4]

|  | C04B 14/24 |
· · · · | porous, e.g. foamed glass [4]

|  | C04B 14/26 |
· · | Carbonates [4]

|  | C04B 14/28 |
· · · | of calcium [4]

|  | C04B 14/30 |
· · | Oxides other than silica [4]

|  | C04B 14/32 |
· · | Carbides; Nitrides; Borides [4]

|  | C04B 14/34 |
· · | Metals [4]

|  | C04B 14/36 |
· · | Inorganic materials not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 14/04-C04B 14/34 [4]

|  | C04B 14/38 |
· | Fibrous materials; Whiskers [4]

|  | C04B 14/40 |
· · | Asbestos [4]

|  | C04B 14/42 |
· · | Glass [4]

|  | C04B 14/44 |
· · · | Treatment for enhancing alkali resistance [4]

|  | C04B 14/46 |
· · | Rock wool [4]

|  | C04B 14/48 |
· · | Metal [4]

P:150 |  | C04B 16/00 |
Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone [4]

|  | C04B 16/02 |
· | Cellulosic materials (cellulosic waste materials, e.g. sawdust, rice husks, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 18/24) [4]

|  | C04B 16/04 |
· | Macromolecular compounds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 16/02 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 16/06 |
· · | fibrous [4]

|  | C04B 16/08 |
· · | porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads [4]

|  | C04B 16/10 |
· · · | Treatment for enhancing the mixability with the mortar [4]

|  | C04B 16/12 |
· | characterised by the shape (fibrous macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 16/06; porous macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 16/08) [4]

P:140 |  | C04B 18/00 |
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone (use of waste materials for the manufacture of cement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/24); Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone [4]

|  | C04B 18/02 |
· | Agglomerated materials [4]

|  | C04B 18/04 |
· | Waste materials; Refuse [4]

|  | C04B 18/06 |
· · | Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases [4]

|  | C04B 18/08 |
· · · | Flue dust [4]

|  | C04B 18/10 |
· · · | Burned refuse [4]

|  | C04B 18/12 |
· · | from quarries, mining or the like [4]

|  | C04B 18/14 |
· · | from metallurgical processes (treatment of molten slag Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 5/00; for manufacture of cement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/14) [4]

|  | C04B 18/16 |
· · | from building or ceramic industry [4]

|  | C04B 18/18 |
· · | organic (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 18/10 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C04B 18/20 |
· · · | from macromolecular compounds [4]

|  | C04B 18/22 |
· · · · | Rubber [4]

|  | C04B 18/24 |
· · · | Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper [4]

|  | C04B 18/26 |
· · · · | Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings [4]

|  | C04B 18/28 |
· · · · | Mineralising; Compositions therefor [4]

|  | C04B 18/30 |
· · | Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition, e.g. municipal waste (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 18/10 takes precedence) [4]

P:130 |  | C04B 20/00 |
Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials [4]

|  | C04B 20/02 |
· | Treatment [4]

|  | C04B 20/04 |
· · | Heat treatment [4]

|  | C04B 20/06 |
· · · | Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials [4]

|  | C04B 20/08 |
· · | Defibrillating asbestos [4]

|  | C04B 20/10 |
· | Coating or impregnating [4]

|  | C04B 20/12 |
· · | Multiple coating or impregnating [4]

|  | C04B 22/00 - C04B 24/00 |
Use of materials as active ingredients [4]

|  | C04B 22/00 - C04B 24/00 |
Note(s) Active ingredients which react with cement compounds for forming new or modified mineralogical phases and are added before the hardening process, as well as cements added as additives to other cements, are classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 12/00. [4]

|  | C04B 22/00 - C04B 24/42 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 22/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 103/00. [6]

P:120 |  | C04B 22/00 |
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators [4]

|  | C04B 22/02 |
· | Elements [4]

|  | C04B 22/04 |
· · | Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent [4]

|  | C04B 22/06 |
· | Oxides; Hydroxides [4]

|  | C04B 22/08 |
· | Acids or salts thereof [4]

|  | C04B 22/10 |
· · | containing carbon in the anion, e.g. carbonates [4]

|  | C04B 22/12 |
· · | containing halogen in the anion, e.g. calcium chloride [4]

|  | C04B 22/14 |
· · | containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides [4]

|  | C04B 22/16 |
· · | containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates [4]

P:110 |  | C04B 24/00 |
Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers [4]

|  | C04B 24/02 |
· | Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers [4]

|  | C04B 24/04 |
· | Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof [4]

|  | C04B 24/06 |
· · | containing hydroxy groups [4]

|  | C04B 24/08 |
· | Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats [4]

|  | C04B 24/10 |
· | Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof [4]

|  | C04B 24/12 |
· | Nitrogen containing compounds [4]

|  | C04B 24/14 |
· · | Peptides; Proteins; Derivatives thereof [4]

|  | C04B 24/16 |
· | Sulfur-containing compounds [4]

|  | C04B 24/18 |
· · | Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye [4]

|  | C04B 24/20 |
· · | Sulfonated aromatic compounds [4]

|  | C04B 24/22 |
· · · | Condensation products thereof [4]

|  | C04B 24/24 |
· | Macromolecular compounds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/14 takes precedence; macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/16) [4,6]

|  | C04B 24/26 |
· · | obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]

|  | C04B 24/28 |
· · | obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]

|  | C04B 24/30 |
· · · | Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones [4]

|  | C04B 24/32 |
· · · | Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether [4]

|  | C04B 24/34 |
· · | Natural resins, e.g. rosin [4]

|  | C04B 24/36 |
· · | Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch [4]

|  | C04B 24/38 |
· · | Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof [4]

|  | C04B 24/40 |
· | Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium [4]

|  | C04B 24/42 |
· · | Compounds having one or more carbon-to-silicon linkages [4]

|  | C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00 |
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone (artificial stone from molten slag Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 5/00) [4]

|  | C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00 |
Note(s) Any ingredient of compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00 according to the last place rule, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00. [4,8] Any ingredient of compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, which is not identified by the classification in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00 according to the last place rule, and which is considered to represent information of particular interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". For example, a well defined Portland cement mortar mixture containing clay as an essential or characterising filler is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 28/04 and may also additionally be classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 14/10. [4,8]

|  | C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/02 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 111/00. [6]

P:90 |  | C04B 26/00 |
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders [4]

|  | C04B 26/02 |
· | Macromolecular compounds [4]

|  | C04B 26/04 |
· · | obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]

|  | C04B 26/06 |
· · · | Acrylates [4]

|  | C04B 26/08 |
· · · | containing halogen [4]

|  | C04B 26/10 |
· · | obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]

|  | C04B 26/12 |
· · · | Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones [4]

|  | C04B 26/14 |
· · · | Polyepoxides [4]

|  | C04B 26/16 |
· · · | Polyurethanes [4]

|  | C04B 26/18 |
· · · | Polyesters; Polycarbonates [4]

|  | C04B 26/20 |
· · · | Polyamides [4]

|  | C04B 26/22 |
· · | Natural resins, e.g. rosin [4]

|  | C04B 26/24 |
· · · | Cellulosic waste liquor, e.g. sulfite lye [4]

|  | C04B 26/26 |
· · | Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch [4]

|  | C04B 26/28 |
· · | Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof [4]

|  | C04B 26/30 |
· | Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages [4]

|  | C04B 26/32 |
· · | containing silicon [4]

P:80 |  | C04B 28/00 |
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/02 |
· | containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates [4]

|  | C04B 28/04 |
· · | Portland cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/06 |
· · | Aluminous cements (monolithic refractories or refractory mortars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/66) [4]

|  | C04B 28/08 |
· · | Slag cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/10 |
· · | Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/12 |
· · · | Hydraulic lime [4]

|  | C04B 28/14 |
· | containing calcium sulfate cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/16 |
· · | containing anhydrite [4]

|  | C04B 28/18 |
· | containing mixtures of the silica-lime type [4]

|  | C04B 28/20 |
· · | Sand-lime [4]

|  | C04B 28/22 |
· · | Lime and pozzuolanas [4]

|  | C04B 28/24 |
· | containing alkyl ammonium or alkali metal silicates; containing silica sols [4]

|  | C04B 28/26 |
· · | Silicates of the alkali metals [4]

|  | C04B 28/28 |
· | containing organic polyacids, e.g. polycarboxylate cements [4]

|  | C04B 28/30 |
· | containing magnesium cements (magnesium oxide cements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 28/10) [4]

|  | C04B 28/32 |
· · | Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement [4]

|  | C04B 28/34 |
· | containing cold phosphate binders [4]

|  | C04B 28/36 |
· | containing sulfur, sulfides or selenium [4]

P:70 |  | C04B 30/00 |
Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders [4]

|  | C04B 30/02 |
· | containing fibrous materials [4]

P:100 |  | C04B 32/00 |
Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass [4]

|  | C04B 32/02 |
· | with reinforcements [4]

|  | C04B 33/00 - C04B 37/00 |
Ceramics

P:50 |  | C04B 33/00 |
Clay-wares (monolithic refractories or refractory mortars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/66; porous products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 38/00) [2]

|  | C04B 33/02 |
· | Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches

|  | C04B 33/04 |
· · | Clay; Kaolin

|  | C04B 33/06 |
· · · | Rendering lime harmless

|  | C04B 33/08 |
· · · · | Preventing efflorescence

|  | C04B 33/10 |
· · | Eliminating iron or lime

|  | C04B 33/13 |
· · | Compounding ingredients (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/71 take precedence) [2]

|  | C04B 33/132 |
· · · | Waste materials; Refuse (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/16 takes precedence) [8]

|  | C04B 33/135 |
· · · · | Combustion residues, e.g fly ash, incineration waste [8]

|  | C04B 33/138 |
· · · · | from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste [8]

|  | C04B 33/14 |
· · · | Colouring matters

|  | C04B 33/16 |
· · · | Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz

|  | C04B 33/18 |
· · · | for liquefying the batches

|  | C04B 33/20 |
· · | for dry-pressing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/13 takes precedence)

|  | C04B 33/22 |
· | Grog products

|  | C04B 33/24 |
· | Manufacture of porcelain or white ware

|  | C04B 33/26 |
· · | of porcelain for electrical insulation

|  | C04B 33/28 |
· | Slip casting (mechanical features Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/26)

|  | C04B 33/30 |
· | Drying methods

|  | C04B 33/32 |
· | Burning methods

|  | C04B 33/34 |
· · | combined with glazing

|  | C04B 33/36 |
· | Reinforced clay-wares [2]

P:40 |  | C04B 35/00 |
Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition (porous products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 38/00; articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/02); Ceramic compositions (containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C); Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products (chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01) [4]

|  | C04B 35/00 |
Note(s) In this group, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compositions are classified according to the constituent present in the highest proportion by weight. [3] In this group, magnesium is considered as an alkaline earth metal. [6] In this group, a composite is considered as a sintered mixture of different powdered materials, other than sintering aids, the materials being present as separate phases in the sintered product. [6] In this group, fine ceramics are considered as products having a polycrystalline fine-grained microstructure, e.g. of dimensions below 100 micrometers. [6] The production of ceramic powder is classified in this group in so far as it relates to the preparation of powder with specific characteristics. [6]

|  | C04B 35/01 |
· | based on oxides [6]

|  | C04B 35/03 |
· · | based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite [6]

|  | C04B 35/035 |
· · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon [6]

|  | C04B 35/04 |
· · · | based on magnesium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/043 |
· · · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures [6]

|  | C04B 35/047 |
· · · · · | containing chromium oxide or chrome ore [6]

|  | C04B 35/05 |
· · · · | Refractories by fusion casting [6]

|  | C04B 35/053 |
· · · · | Fine ceramics [6]

|  | C04B 35/057 |
· · · | based on calcium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/06 |
· · · | based on oxide mixtures derived from dolomite

|  | C04B 35/08 |
· · | based on beryllium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/10 |
· · | based on aluminium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/101 |
· · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures [6]

|  | C04B 35/103 |
· · · · | containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/106 takes precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/105 |
· · · · | containing chromium oxide or chrome ore [6]

|  | C04B 35/106 |
· · · · | containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4) [6]

|  | C04B 35/107 |
· · · | Refractories by fusion casting [6]

|  | C04B 35/109 |
· · · · | containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4) [6]

|  | C04B 35/111 |
· · · | Fine ceramics [6]

|  | C04B 35/113 |
· · · · | based on beta-aluminium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/115 |
· · · · | Translucent or transparent products [6]

|  | C04B 35/117 |
· · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/119 |
· · · · · | with zirconium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/12 |
· · | based on chromium oxide (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/047, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/105 take precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/14 |
· · | based on silica [6]

|  | C04B 35/16 |
· · | based on silicates other than clay [6]

|  | C04B 35/18 |
· · · | rich in aluminium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/185 |
· · · · | Mullite [6]

|  | C04B 35/19 |
· · · · | Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene [6]

|  | C04B 35/195 |
· · · · | Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite [6]

|  | C04B 35/20 |
· · · | rich in magnesium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/22 |
· · · | rich in calcium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/26 |
· · | based on ferrites [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/28 |
· · · | with nickel oxide as the principal oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/30 |
· · · · | with zinc oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/32 |
· · · | with cobalt oxide as the principal oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/34 |
· · · · | with zinc oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/36 |
· · · | with manganese oxide as the principal oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/38 |
· · · · | with zinc oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/40 |
· · · | with rare earth oxide [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/42 |
· · | based on chromites (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/047, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/105 take precedence) [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/44 |
· · | based on aluminates [2,6]

|  | C04B 35/443 |
· · · | Magnesium aluminate spinel [6]

|  | C04B 35/447 |
· · | based on phosphates [6]

|  | C04B 35/45 |
· · | based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides [6]

|  | C04B 35/453 |
· · | based on zinc, tin or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates [6]

|  | C04B 35/457 |
· · · | based on tin oxides or stannates [6]

|  | C04B 35/46 |
· · | based on titanium oxides or titanates (containing also zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates or hafnates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/49) [6]

|  | C04B 35/462 |
· · · | based on titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/465 |
· · · · | based on alkaline earth metal titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/468 |
· · · · · | based on barium titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/47 |
· · · · · | based on strontium titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/472 |
· · · · | based on lead titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/475 |
· · · · | based on bismuth titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/478 |
· · · · | based on aluminium titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/48 |
· · | based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates [6]

|  | C04B 35/482 |
· · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures [6]

|  | C04B 35/484 |
· · · | Refractories by fusion casting [6]

|  | C04B 35/486 |
· · · | Fine ceramics [6]

|  | C04B 35/488 |
· · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/49 |
· · · | containing also titanium oxide or titanates [3,6]

|  | C04B 35/491 |
· · · · | based on lead zirconates and lead titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/493 |
· · · · · | containing also other lead compounds [6]

|  | C04B 35/495 |
· · | based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates [6]

|  | C04B 35/497 |
· · · | based on solid solutions with lead oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/499 |
· · · · | containing also titanates [6]

|  | C04B 35/50 |
· | based on rare earth compounds

|  | C04B 35/505 |
· · | based on yttrium oxide [6]

|  | C04B 35/51 |
· | based on compounds of actinides (nuclear fuel materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 3/62) [2]

|  | C04B 35/515 |
· | based on non-oxides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/50, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/51 take precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/52 |
· · | based on carbon, e.g. graphite [6]

|  | C04B 35/524 |
· · · | obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material [6]

|  | C04B 35/528 |
· · · | obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components [6]

|  | C04B 35/532 |
· · · · | containing a carbonisable binder [6]

|  | C04B 35/536 |
· · · | based on expanded graphite [6]

|  | C04B 35/547 |
· · | based on sulfides or selenides [6]

|  | C04B 35/553 |
· · | based on fluorides [6]

|  | C04B 35/56 |
· · | based on carbides [4]

|  | C04B 35/563 |
· · · | based on boron carbide [6]

|  | C04B 35/565 |
· · · | based on silicon carbide [6]

|  | C04B 35/567 |
· · · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures [6]

|  | C04B 35/569 |
· · · · | Fine ceramics [6]

|  | C04B 35/571 |
· · · · · | obtained from polymer precursors [6]

|  | C04B 35/573 |
· · · · · | obtained by reaction sintering [6]

|  | C04B 35/575 |
· · · · · | obtained by pressure sintering [6]

|  | C04B 35/576 |
· · · · · | obtained by sintering without pressure [6]

|  | C04B 35/577 |
· · · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/58 |
· · | based on borides, nitrides or silicides [4,6]

|  | C04B 35/581 |
· · · | based on aluminium nitride [6]

|  | C04B 35/582 |
· · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/583 |
· · · | based on boron nitride [6]

|  | C04B 35/5831 |
· · · · | based on cubic boron nitride [6]

|  | C04B 35/5833 |
· · · · | based on hexagonal boron nitride [6]

|  | C04B 35/5835 |
· · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/584 |
· · · | based on silicon nitride [6]

|  | C04B 35/586 |
· · · · | Refractories from grain sized mixtures [6]

|  | C04B 35/587 |
· · · · | Fine ceramics [6]

|  | C04B 35/589 |
· · · · · | obtained from polymer precursors [6]

|  | C04B 35/591 |
· · · · · | obtained by reaction sintering [6]

|  | C04B 35/593 |
· · · · · | obtained by pressure sintering (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/594 takes precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/594 |
· · · · · | obtained by sintering a reaction-sintered product, with or without pressure [6]

|  | C04B 35/596 |
· · · · · | Composites [6]

|  | C04B 35/597 |
· · · | based on silicon oxynitrides [6]

|  | C04B 35/599 |
· · · · | based on silicon aluminium oxynitrides (SIALONS) [6]

|  | C04B 35/622 |
· | Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products [6]

|  | C04B 35/624 |
· · | Sol-gel processing [6]

|  | C04B 35/626 |
· · | Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches [6]

|  | C04B 35/628 |
· · · | Coating the powders [6]

|  | C04B 35/63 |
· · · | using additives specially adapted for forming the products [6]

|  | C04B 35/632 |
· · · · | Organic additives [6]

|  | C04B 35/634 |
· · · · · | Polymers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/636 takes precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/636 |
· · · · · | Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof [6]

|  | C04B 35/638 |
· · · · | Removal thereof [6]

|  | C04B 35/64 |
· · | Burning or sintering processes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 33/32 takes precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/645 |
· · · | Pressure sintering [6]

|  | C04B 35/65 |
· · · | Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions [3]

|  | C04B 35/653 |
· · | Processes involving a melting step [6]

|  | C04B 35/657 |
· · · | for manufacturing refractories (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/05, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/107, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/484 take precedence) [6]

|  | C04B 35/66 |
· | Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay

|  | C04B 35/66 |
Note(s) Any ingredient of a refractory mortar composition containing a hydraulic cement, e.g. aluminous cement, classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/66, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". For example, such an additional classification in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/00 may be given for an organic retarder added to the mortar composition. [8]

|  | C04B 35/71 |
· | Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/66 takes precedence) [3,4]

|  | C04B 35/74 |
· · | containing shaped metallic materials [2]

|  | C04B 35/76 |
· · · | Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like [2]

|  | C04B 35/78 |
· · | containing non-metallic materials [2]

|  | C04B 35/80 |
· · · | Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like [2]

|  | C04B 35/81 |
· · · · | Whiskers [6]

|  | C04B 35/82 |
· · · · | Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica [2]

|  | C04B 35/83 |
· · · · | Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix [6]

|  | C04B 35/83 |
Note(s) The products covered by this group are usually referred to as "carbon-carbon composites". [6]

|  | C04B 35/84 |
· · · | Impregnated or coated materials [2]

P:0 |  | C04B 37/00 |
Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating (laminated products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C)

|  | C04B 37/02 |
· | with metallic articles

|  | C04B 37/04 |
· | with articles made from glass

P:10 |  | C04B 38/00 |
Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof (treating slag with gases or gas generating material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 5/06) [4,6]

|  | C04B 38/00 |
Note(s) Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware characterised by the ingredients or compositions are also classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 2/00-C04B 35/00. [4]

|  | C04B 38/02 |
· | by adding chemical blowing agents [4]

|  | C04B 38/04 |
· | by dissolving-out added substances [4]

|  | C04B 38/06 |
· | by burning-out added substances [4]

|  | C04B 38/08 |
· | by adding porous substances [4]

|  | C04B 38/10 |
· | by using foaming agents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 38/02 takes precedence) [4]

P:60 |  | C04B 40/00 |
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability (active ingredients Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 22/00-C04B 24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 26/00-C04B 28/00; making porous, cellular or lightening Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 38/00; mechanical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28, e.g. conditioning the materials prior to shaping Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 17/02) [4,6]

|  | C04B 40/02 |
· | Selection of the hardening environment [4]

|  | C04B 40/04 |
· | Preventing evaporation of the mixing water (permanent coverings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 41/00) [4]

|  | C04B 40/06 |
· | Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers [4]

P:20 |  | C04B 41/00 |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone (conditioning of the materials prior to shaping Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 40/00; applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05; grinding or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24; apparatus or processes for treating or working shaped articles of clay or other ceramic compositions, slag or mixtures containing cementitious material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 11/00; working stone or stone-like materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28D; glazes, other than cold glazes, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 8/00; etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 13/00) [3]

|  | C04B 41/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6] "mortars", "concrete" and "artificial stone" cover materials after primary shaping. [6] Treating, e.g. coating or impregnating, a material with the same material or with a substance which ultimately is transformed into the same material is not considered after-treatment for this group but is classified as preparation of the material, e.g. a carbon body impregnated with a carbonisable substance is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/52. In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 41/45-C04B 41/80, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [4]

|  | C04B 41/45 |
· | Coating or impregnating (paints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D) [4]

|  | C04B 41/46 |
· · | with organic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/47 |
· · · | Oils, fats or waxes [4]

|  | C04B 41/48 |
· · · | Macromolecular compounds [4]

|  | C04B 41/49 |
· · · | Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages [4]

|  | C04B 41/50 |
· · | with inorganic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/51 |
· · · | Metallising [4]

|  | C04B 41/52 |
· · | Multiple coating or impregnating [4]

|  | C04B 41/53 |
· | involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated article [4]

|  | C04B 41/60 |
· | of only artificial stone [4]

|  | C04B 41/61 |
· · | Coating or impregnating [4]

|  | C04B 41/62 |
· · · | with organic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/63 |
· · · · | Macromolecular compounds [4]

|  | C04B 41/64 |
· · · · | Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages [4]

|  | C04B 41/65 |
· · · | with inorganic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/66 |
· · · · | Fluorides, e.g. ocratation [4]

|  | C04B 41/67 |
· · · · | Phosphates [4]

|  | C04B 41/68 |
· · · · | Silicic acid; Silicates [4]

|  | C04B 41/69 |
· · · · | Metals [4]

|  | C04B 41/70 |
· · · | for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions [4]

|  | C04B 41/71 |
· · · · | at least one coating being an organic material [4]

|  | C04B 41/72 |
· · | involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching [4]

|  | C04B 41/80 |
· | of only ceramics [4]

|  | C04B 41/81 |
· · | Coating or impregnating [4]

|  | C04B 41/82 |
· · · | with organic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/83 |
· · · · | Macromolecular compounds [4]

|  | C04B 41/84 |
· · · · | Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages [4]

|  | C04B 41/85 |
· · · | with inorganic materials [4]

|  | C04B 41/86 |
· · · · | Glazes; Cold glazes [4]

|  | C04B 41/87 |
· · · · | Ceramics [4]

|  | C04B 41/88 |
· · · · | Metals [4]

|  | C04B 41/89 |
· · · | for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions [4]

|  | C04B 41/90 |
· · · · | at least one coating being a metal [4]

|  | C04B 41/91 |
· · | involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching [4]

|  | C04B 103/00 |
Indexing scheme associated with groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 22/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 24/00, relating to the function or property of the active ingredients. [6]

P:220 |  | C04B 103/00 |
Function or property of the active ingredients [6]

|  | C04B 103/10 |
· | Accelerators [6]

|  | C04B 103/12 |
· · | Set accelerators [6]

|  | C04B 103/14 |
· · | Hardening accelerators [6]

|  | C04B 103/20 |
· | Retarders [6]

|  | C04B 103/22 |
· · | Set retarders [6]

|  | C04B 103/24 |
· · | Hardening retarders [6]

|  | C04B 103/30 |
· | Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers [6]

|  | C04B 103/32 |
· · | Superplasticisers [6]

|  | C04B 103/40 |
· | Surface-active agents, dispersants [6]

|  | C04B 103/42 |
· | Pore formers [6]

|  | C04B 103/44 |
· | Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents [6]

|  | C04B 103/46 |
· | Water-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents [6]

|  | C04B 103/48 |
· | Foam stabilisers [6]

|  | C04B 103/50 |
· | Defoamers, air detrainers [6]

|  | C04B 103/52 |
· | Grinding aids [6]

|  | C04B 103/54 |
· | Pigments; Dyes [6]

|  | C04B 103/56 |
· | Opacifiers [6]

|  | C04B 103/60 |
· | Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack [6]

|  | C04B 103/61 |
· · | Corrosion inhibitors [6]

|  | C04B 103/63 |
· · | Flame-proofing agents [6]

|  | C04B 103/65 |
· · | Water proofers or repellants [6]

|  | C04B 103/67 |
· · | Biocides [6]

|  | C04B 103/69 |
· · · | Fungicides [6]

|  | C04B 111/00 |
Indexing scheme associated with groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00, relating to the function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone. [6]

P:230 |  | C04B 111/00 |
Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone [6]

|  | C04B 111/10 |
· | Compositions characterized by the absence of a specified material [6]

|  | C04B 111/12 |
· · | Absence of asbestos, e.g. cement-asbestos substitutes [6]

|  | C04B 111/20 |
· | Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack [6]

|  | C04B 111/21 |
· · | Efflorescence resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/22 |
· · | Carbonation resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/23 |
· · | Acid resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/24 |
· · | Sea water resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/25 |
· · | Graffiti resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/26 |
· · | Corrosion of reinforcement resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/27 |
· · | Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water repellant materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/28 |
· · | Fire resistance [6]

|  | C04B 111/30 |
· | Nailable or sawable materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/32 |
· | Expansion inhibited materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/34 |
· | Non-shrinking materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/40 |
· | Porous or lightweight materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/42 |
· · | Floating materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/50 |
· | Flexible or elastic materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/52 |
· | Sound insulating materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/54 |
· | Substitutes for natural stone, e.g. artificial marble [6]

|  | C04B 111/56 |
· | Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting [6]

|  | C04B 111/60 |
· | Flooring materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/62 |
· · | Self-levelling compositions [6]

|  | C04B 111/70 |
· | Grouts [6]

|  | C04B 111/72 |
· | Compositions used for repairing existing buildings or building materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/74 |
· | Underwater applications [6]

|  | C04B 111/76 |
· | Use at sub-zero temperatures [6]

|  | C04B 111/80 |
· | Optical properties, e.g. transparency [6]

|  | C04B 111/82 |
· · | Coloured materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/90 |
· | Electrical properties [6]

|  | C04B 111/92 |
· · | Electrically insulating materials [6]

|  | C04B 111/94 |
· · | Electrically conducting materials [6]