|  | A |
SECTION A — HUMAN NECESSITIES

HEALTH; AMUSEMENT

|  | A61 |
MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

|  | A61B |
DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (analysing biological material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/48; obtaining records using waves other than optical waves, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 42/00)

|  | A61B |
Note(s) This subclass covers instruments, implements, and processes for diagnostic, surgical and person-identification purposes, including obstetrics, instruments for cutting corns, vaccination instruments, finger-printing, psycho-physical tests.

|  | A61B |
Subclass index
MEDICINAL METHODS (NON-SURGICAL) | 1/00, 5/00, 17/00
INSTRUMENTS FOR PSYCHO-PHYSICAL TESTS | 5/00
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS |
For auscultation and diagnostics | 5/00 - 10/00
For medical examination of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body and the eyes | 1/00, 3/00
Aids for examination and care of the mouth | 1/00, 13/00
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, DEVICES OR METHODS | 17/00; 18/00
OTHER INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS OR ACCESSORIES FOR SURGERY OR DIAGNOSIS | 19/00

|  | A61B 1/00 - A61B 16/00 |
Diagnosis; Psycho-physical tests

P:50 |  | A61B 1/00 |
Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes (examination of body cavities or body tracts using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/12; endoscopic instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/04; for surgical purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/00; surgical instruments using a laser beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 18/22); Illuminating arrangements therefor (for the eyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 3/00) [4]

|  | A61B 1/002 |
· | having rod-lens arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 1/055 takes precedence) [6]

|  | A61B 1/005 |
· | Flexible endoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/008 |
· · | Articulations [6]

|  | A61B 1/01 |
· · | Guiding arrangements therefor [6]

|  | A61B 1/012 |
· | characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor [6]

|  | A61B 1/015 |
· · | Control of fluid supply or evacuation [6]

|  | A61B 1/018 |
· · | for receiving instruments [6]

|  | A61B 1/04 |
· | combined with photographic or television appliances [2]

|  | A61B 1/045 |
· · | Control thereof [6]

|  | A61B 1/05 |
· · | characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion [6]

|  | A61B 1/055 |
· · | having rod-lens arrangements [6]

|  | A61B 1/06 |
· | with illuminating arrangements

|  | A61B 1/07 |
· · | using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres [6]

|  | A61B 1/12 |
· | with cooling or rinsing arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 1/015 takes precedence) [6]

|  | A61B 1/227 |
· | for ears, i.e. otoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/233 |
· | for the nose, i.e. nasoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/24 |
· | for the mouth, i.e. stomatoscopes, e.g. with tongue depressors (tongue depressors per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 13/00); Instruments for opening or keeping open the mouth (combined with saliva removers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 17/10; mouth openers for animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61D 15/00) [5]

|  | A61B 1/247 |
· · | with means for viewing areas outside the direct line of sight, e.g. dentists' mirrors [6]

|  | A61B 1/253 |
· · · | with means for preventing fogging [6]

|  | A61B 1/267 |
· | for the respiratory tract, e.g. laryngoscopes, bronchoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/273 |
· | for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/303 |
· | for the vagina, i.e. vaginoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/307 |
· | for the urinary organs, e.g. urethroscopes, cystoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/31 |
· | for the rectum, e.g. proctoscopes, sigmoidoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/313 |
· | for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/317 |
· · | for bones or joints, e.g. osteoscopes, arthroscopes [6]

|  | A61B 1/32 |
· | Devices for opening or enlarging the visual field, e.g. of a tube of the body (dilators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 29/00)

P:60 |  | A61B 3/00 |
Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes (eye inspection using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/10; devices for treatment of the eyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 9/00; exercisers for the eyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61H 5/00; optical systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B) [4,5]

|  | A61B 3/02 |
· | Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient [5]

|  | A61B 3/024 |
· · | for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types [5]

|  | A61B 3/028 |
· · | for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters [5]

|  | A61B 3/032 |
· · · | Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 3/036 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 3/036 |
· · · | for testing astigmatism [5]

|  | A61B 3/04 |
· · · | Trial frames; Sets of lenses for use therewith (lenses per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02C 7/02) [5]

|  | A61B 3/06 |
· · | for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision

|  | A61B 3/08 |
· · | for testing binocular or stereoscopic vision, e.g. strabismus

|  | A61B 3/09 |
· · | for testing accommodation

|  | A61B 3/10 |
· | Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions [5]

|  | A61B 3/103 |
· · | for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes [5]

|  | A61B 3/107 |
· · | for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea [5]

|  | A61B 3/11 |
· · | for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils [5]

|  | A61B 3/113 |
· · | for determining or recording eye movement [5]

|  | A61B 3/117 |
· · | for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes [5]

|  | A61B 3/12 |
· · | for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 3/13 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 3/125 |
· · · | with contact lenses (contact lenses per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02C 7/04) [5]

|  | A61B 3/13 |
· · | Ophthalmic microscopes [5]

|  | A61B 3/135 |
· · · | Slit-lamp microscopes [5]

|  | A61B 3/14 |
· · | Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography [5]

|  | A61B 3/15 |
· · · | with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection [5]

|  | A61B 3/16 |
· · | for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers [5]

|  | A61B 3/18 |
· | Arrangement of plural eye-testing or -examining apparatus [5]

P:80 |  | A61B 5/00 |
Measuring for diagnostic purposes (radiation diagnosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 6/00; diagnosis by ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/00); Identification of persons

|  | A61B 5/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: [7] "measuring" covers also detecting or recording. [7]

|  | A61B 5/01 |
· | Measuring temperature of body parts (clinical thermometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K 5/22; thermometers for special purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K 13/00) [7]

|  | A61B 5/02 |
· | Measuring pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure [5]

|  | A61B 5/0205 |
· · | Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition [5]

|  | A61B 5/021 |
· · | Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0205 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 5/0215 |
· · · | by means inserted into the body (solid probes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 23/00; catheters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 25/00) [5]

|  | A61B 5/022 |
· · · | by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthaldynamometers [5]

|  | A61B 5/0225 |
· · · · | the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds [5]

|  | A61B 5/023 |
· · · · | the pressure transducers comprising a liquid column [5]

|  | A61B 5/0235 |
· · · · | Valves specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/024 |
· · | Measuring pulse rate or heart rate (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0205, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/021 take precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 5/0245 |
· · · | using sensing means generating electric signals [5]

|  | A61B 5/025 |
· · · · | within occluders, e.g. responsive to Korotkoff sounds (electric stethoscopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 7/04) [5]

|  | A61B 5/0255 |
· · · | Recording instruments specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/026 |
· · | Measuring blood flow [5]

|  | A61B 5/0265 |
· · · | using electromagnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic flow meter [5]

|  | A61B 5/027 |
· · · · | using catheters [5]

|  | A61B 5/0275 |
· · · | using tracers, e.g. dye dilution [5]

|  | A61B 5/028 |
· · · · | by thermo-dilution [5]

|  | A61B 5/0285 |
· · · | Measuring phase velocity of blood waves [5]

|  | A61B 5/029 |
· · · | Measuring blood output from the heart, e.g. minute volume [5]

|  | A61B 5/0295 |
· · · | using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography [5]

|  | A61B 5/03 |
· | Measuring fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure [4]

|  | A61B 5/04 |
· | Measuring bioelectric signals of the body or parts thereof (electrically conductive preparations for use in therapy or testing in vivo Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 50/00)

|  | A61B 5/0402 |
· · | Electrocardiography, i.e. ECG [5]

|  | A61B 5/0404 |
· · · | Hand-held devices [5]

|  | A61B 5/0408 |
· · · | Electrodes specially adapted therefor (for foetal cardiography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0448; for electroencephalograph signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0478; for electromyography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0492) [5]

|  | A61B 5/0416 |
· · · · | connected by means of snap fasteners [5]

|  | A61B 5/042 |
· · · · | for introducing into the body [5]

|  | A61B 5/0424 |
· · · · | Protection against electrode failure [5]

|  | A61B 5/0428 |
· · · | Input circuits specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/0432 |
· · · | Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/0436 |
· · · · | Magnetic recording apparatus [5]

|  | A61B 5/044 |
· · · | Displays specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/0444 |
· · · | Foetal cardiography [5]

|  | A61B 5/0448 |
· · · · | Electrodes specially adapted therefor, e.g. scalp electrodes [5]

|  | A61B 5/0452 |
· · · | Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle [5]

|  | A61B 5/0456 |
· · · · | Detecting R peaks, e.g. for synchronising diagnostic apparatus [5]

|  | A61B 5/046 |
· · · · | Detecting fibrillation [5]

|  | A61B 5/0464 |
· · · · | Detecting tachycardy or brachycardy [5]

|  | A61B 5/0468 |
· · · · | Detecting abnormal ECG interval [5]

|  | A61B 5/0472 |
· · · · | Detecting abnormal QRS complex [5]

|  | A61B 5/0476 |
· · | Electroencephalography [5]

|  | A61B 5/0478 |
· · · | Electrodes specially adapted therefor [5]

|  | A61B 5/048 |
· · · | Detecting the frequency distribution of signals [5]

|  | A61B 5/0482 |
· · · | using biofeedback [5]

|  | A61B 5/0484 |
· · · | using evoked response [5]

|  | A61B 5/0488 |
· · | Electromyography [5]

|  | A61B 5/0492 |
· · · | Electrodes specially adapted therefor, e.g. needle electrodes [5]

|  | A61B 5/0496 |
· · | Electro-oculography, e.g. detecting nystagmus [5]

|  | A61B 5/05 |
· | Measuring for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/11 take precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 5/053 |
· · | Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body [7]

|  | A61B 5/055 |
· · | involving electronic (EMR) or nuclear (NMR) magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 33/20) [5]

|  | A61B 5/06 |
· | Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies (for removing same Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/50)

|  | A61B 5/07 |
· | Endoradiosondes

|  | A61B 5/08 |
· | Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0205 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A61B 5/083 |
· · | Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption [5]

|  | A61B 5/085 |
· · | Measuring impedance of respiratory organs or lung elasticity [5]

|  | A61B 5/087 |
· · | Measuring breath flow [5]

|  | A61B 5/09 |
· · · | using an element rotated by the flow [5]

|  | A61B 5/091 |
· · | Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity [5]

|  | A61B 5/093 |
· · · | the gases being exhaled into, or inhaled from, an expansible chamber, e.g. bellows or expansible bag [5]

|  | A61B 5/095 |
· · · · | within a rigid container, e.g. the boundary being formed by a liquid surface [5]

|  | A61B 5/097 |
· · | Devices for facilitating collection of breath or for directing breath into or through measuring devices [5]

|  | A61B 5/103 |
· | Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/08 takes precedence; measuring aids for tailors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A41H 1/00; measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 19/04) [5]

|  | A61B 5/107 |
· · | Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof [5]

|  | A61B 5/11 |
· · | Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb (measuring pulse Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/02) [5]

|  | A61B 5/113 |
· · · | occurring during breathing [5]

|  | A61B 5/117 |
· | Identification of persons, e.g. finger-printing, foot-printing, impression techniques (dental impression cups or articulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 11/00; recognition of data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; recognising finger-prints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00; identification tags Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F 3/00; speaker identification Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 17/00) [5]

|  | A61B 5/12 |
· | Audiometering

|  | A61B 5/145 |
· | Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH-value (measuring of blood pressure or blood flow Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/06) [7]

|  | A61B 5/1455 |
· · | using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters [8]

|  | A61B 5/1459 |
· · · | invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter [8]

|  | A61B 5/1464 |
· · · | specially adapted for foetal tissue [8]

|  | A61B 5/1468 |
· · | using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means [8]

|  | A61B 5/1473 |
· · · | invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter [8]

|  | A61B 5/1477 |
· · · | non-invasive [8]

|  | A61B 5/1482 |
· · · | specially adapted for foetal tissue [8]

|  | A61B 5/1486 |
· · | using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase [8]

|  | A61B 5/1491 |
· · | Heated applicators [8]

|  | A61B 5/1495 |
· · | Calibrating or testing in vivo probes [8]

|  | A61B 5/15 |
· | Devices for taking samples of blood (hypodermic syringes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 5/178) [7]

|  | A61B 5/151 |
· · | specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets [8]

|  | A61B 5/153 |
· · | specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. by syringes [8]

|  | A61B 5/154 |
· · · | using pre-evacuated means [8]

|  | A61B 5/155 |
· · | specially adapted for continuous or multiple sampling, e.g. at predetermined intervals [7]

|  | A61B 5/157 |
· · | characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood [8]

|  | A61B 5/16 |
· | Devices for psychotechnics (testing capability Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 1/00-G09B 5/00); Testing reaction times

|  | A61B 5/18 |
· · | for vehicle drivers

|  | A61B 5/20 |
· | Measuring urological functions [4]

|  | A61B 5/22 |
· | Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow (measuring of work or force, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) [4]

P:30 |  | A61B 6/00 |
Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment (X-ray contrast preparations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 49/04; preparations containing radioactive substances Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 51/00; radiation therapy per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 5/00; instruments measuring radiation intensity for application in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T 1/161; apparatus for taking X-ray photographs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 42/02; X-ray photographic processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C 5/16; irradiation devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21K; X-ray apparatus or circuits therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05G 1/00)

|  | A61B 6/02 |
· | Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis (stereoscopic photography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 35/00)

|  | A61B 6/03 |
· · | Computerised tomographs (echo-tomography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/14; data processing equipment for medical or biological purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 19/00) [4]

|  | A61B 6/04 |
· | Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like (operating tables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61G 13/00; operating chairs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61G 15/00)

|  | A61B 6/06 |
· | Diaphragms

|  | A61B 6/08 |
· | Auxiliary means for directing the radiation beam to a particular spot, e.g. using light beams

|  | A61B 6/10 |
· | Application or adaptation of safety means (protection against dangerous radiation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F)

|  | A61B 6/12 |
· | Devices for detecting or locating foreign bodies (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 6/02 takes precedence)

|  | A61B 6/14 |
· | Applications or adaptations for dentistry

P:70 |  | A61B 7/00 |
Instruments for auscultation

|  | A61B 7/02 |
· | Stethoscopes

|  | A61B 7/04 |
· · | Electric stethoscopes (microphones, acoustic transducers therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

P:40 |  | A61B 8/00 |
Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves (ultrasound therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 7/00; systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. acoustic imaging, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00) [4]

|  | A61B 8/02 |
· | Measuring pulse or heart rate [4]

|  | A61B 8/04 |
· | Measuring blood pressure [4]

|  | A61B 8/06 |
· | Measuring blood flow (measuring volume flow in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F 1/66, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F 1/72; measuring speed of fluids in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P 5/00) [4]

|  | A61B 8/08 |
· | Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/02-A61B 8/06 take precedence) [4]

|  | A61B 8/10 |
· | Eye inspection [4]

|  | A61B 8/12 |
· | in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters (catheters per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 25/00) [4]

|  | A61B 8/13 |
· | Tomography (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 8/12 take precedence; tomography for radiation diagnosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 6/02) [5]

|  | A61B 8/14 |
· · | Echo-tomography [4]

|  | A61B 8/15 |
· · | Transmission-tomography [5]

P:100 |  | A61B 9/00 |
Instruments for examination by percussion; Pleximeters

P:110 |  | A61B 10/00 |
Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis (vaccination prophylaxis, vaccination therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/20); Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination (menstruation tables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C 3/00); Throat striking implements [4,8]

|  | A61B 10/00 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 13/15 which provides for swabs. [5]

|  | A61B 10/02 |
· | Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy (devices for taking samples of blood Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/15) [8]

|  | A61B 10/04 |
· · | Endoscopic instruments [8]

|  | A61B 10/06 |
· · | Biopsy forceps [8]

P:90 |  | A61B 13/00 |
Instruments for depressing the tongue (combined with illuminating and viewing instruments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 1/24; combined with saliva removers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 17/10) [5]

P:20 |  | A61B 16/00 |
Devices specially adapted for vivisection or autopsy (similar devices for medical purposes, see the relevant groups for such devices)

|  | A61B 17/00 |
Surgery

P:10 |  | A61B 17/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 18/00 takes precedence; contraceptive devices, pessaries, or applicators therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 6/00; eye surgery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 9/007; ear surgery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 11/00) [3,7]

|  | A61B 17/00 |
Note(s) When classifying in this group, classification is also made in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/94 if the endoscopic features of the surgical instrument are of interest. [8]

|  | A61B 17/02 |
· | for holding wounds open; Tractors (drainage appliances for wounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 27/00)

|  | A61B 17/03 |
· | for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed, e.g. surgical staples; Accessories for use therewith [6]

|  | A61B 17/04 |
· · | for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials (suture materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L 17/00) [3]

|  | A61B 17/06 |
· · · | Needles; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials (puncturing needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/34; nerve needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 5/02; hypodermic needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 5/32) [3]

|  | A61B 17/062 |
· · · | Needle manipulators [6]

|  | A61B 17/064 |
· · | Surgical staples [5]

|  | A61B 17/068 |
· · | Surgical staplers (for performing anastomosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/115) [5]

|  | A61B 17/072 |
· · · | for applying a row of staples in a single action [5]

|  | A61B 17/076 |
· · | for removing surgical staples [5]

|  | A61B 17/08 |
· · | Wound clamps

|  | A61B 17/10 |
· · | for applying or removing wound clamps; Wound clamp magazines (containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for particular articles or with special means for dispensing contents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 83/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 85/00)

|  | A61B 17/11 |
· · | for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis

|  | A61B 17/115 |
· · · | Staplers [5]

|  | A61B 17/12 |
· | for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord (specially adapted for vas deferens or fallopian tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 6/20; materials for ligaturing blood vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L 17/00)

|  | A61B 17/122 |
· · | Clamps or clips [6]

|  | A61B 17/125 |
· · · | combined with cutting implements [6]

|  | A61B 17/128 |
· · | for applying or removing clamps or clips [6]

|  | A61B 17/132 |
· · | Tourniquets [6]

|  | A61B 17/135 |
· · · | inflatable (for measuring blood pressure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/022; inflatable pressure pads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 5/34) [6]

|  | A61B 17/138 |
· · | combined with cutting implements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/125 takes precedence) [6]

|  | A61B 17/14 |
· | Surgical saws (tooth saws Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 3/12; cast-cutting saws Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 15/02)

|  | A61B 17/15 |
· · | Guides therefor [6]

|  | A61B 17/16 |
· | Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans

|  | A61B 17/17 |
· · | Guides for drills [6]

|  | A61B 17/20 |
· | for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination (diagnosis by vaccination Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/00; apparatus for injections Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M)

|  | A61B 17/22 |
· | Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones (for biopsy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/02; gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/42); for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations (ultrasound therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 7/00); for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for (dilators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 29/00) [6,8]

|  | A61B 17/221 |
· · | Calculus gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets [8]

|  | A61B 17/225 |
· | for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), e.g. by using ultrasonic waves (ultrasound therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 7/00) [6]

|  | A61B 17/24 |
· | for use in the oral cavity, larynx, bronchial passages or nose (for medical inspection of cavities or tubes in the body Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 1/00); Tongue scrapers

|  | A61B 17/26 |
· · | Tonsillotomes, with or without means for stopping bleeding

|  | A61B 17/28 |
· | Surgical forceps (biopsy forceps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/06; obstetrical forceps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/44) [1,8]

|  | A61B 17/285 |
· · | combined with cutting implements [8]

|  | A61B 17/29 |
· · | Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery [8]

|  | A61B 17/295 |
· · · | combined with cutting implements [8]

|  | A61B 17/30 |
· | Surgical pincettes (wound clamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/08)

|  | A61B 17/32 |
· | Surgical cutting instruments (implements for ligaturing and cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/125, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/138) [3,8]

|  | A61B 17/3201 |
· · | Scissors (for biopsy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/02) [8]

|  | A61B 17/3203 |
· · | Fluid jet cutting instruments [8]

|  | A61B 17/3205 |
· · | Excision instruments [8]

|  | A61B 17/3207 |
· · · | Atherectomy devices [8]

|  | A61B 17/3209 |
· · | Incision instruments [8]

|  | A61B 17/3211 |
· · · | Surgical scalpels or knives; Accessories therefor [8]

|  | A61B 17/3213 |
· · · · | with detachable blades [8]

|  | A61B 17/3215 |
· · · · | Packages or dispensers, e.g. for scalpel blades [8]

|  | A61B 17/3217 |
· · · · | Devices for removing or collecting used scalpel blades [8]

|  | A61B 17/322 |
· · | Skin grafting apparatus [2]

|  | A61B 17/326 |
· · | Circumcision apparatus

|  | A61B 17/34 |
· | Trocars; Puncturing needles [2]

|  | A61B 17/42 |
· | Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods (dilators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 29/00)

|  | A61B 17/425 |
· · | for reproduction or fertilisation (specially adapted for use with animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61D 19/00) [5]

|  | A61B 17/43 |
· · · | for artificial insemination [5]

|  | A61B 17/435 |
· · · | for embryo transplantation [5]

|  | A61B 17/44 |
· · | Obstetrical forceps

|  | A61B 17/46 |
· · | Embryotomes (for animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61D 1/10)

|  | A61B 17/48 |
· · | Bags for midwives

|  | A61B 17/50 |
· | Instruments, other than pincettes or toothpicks, for removing foreign bodies from the human body (locating otherwise Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/06; locating by radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 6/00)

|  | A61B 17/52 |
· · | Magnets

|  | A61B 17/54 |
· | Chiropodists' instruments

|  | A61B 17/56 |
· | Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor (orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 5/00) [4]

|  | A61B 17/58 |
· · | for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or the like (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/16 take precedence) [4,6]

|  | A61B 17/60 |
· · · | for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors (bandages, dressings or absorbent pads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 13/00) [4]

|  | A61B 17/62 |
· · · · | Ring frames, i.e. devices extending around the bones to be positioned (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/66 takes precedence) [6]

|  | A61B 17/64 |
· · · · | Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 17/66 takes precedence) [6]

|  | A61B 17/66 |
· · · · | Compression or distraction mechanisms [6]

|  | A61B 17/68 |
· · · | Internal fixation devices [6]

|  | A61B 17/70 |
· · · · | Spinal positioners or stabilisers [6]

|  | A61B 17/72 |
· · · · | Intramedullary devices [6]

|  | A61B 17/74 |
· · · · | Devices for the head of the femur [6]

|  | A61B 17/76 |
· · · · · | fixed by screws [6]

|  | A61B 17/78 |
· · · · · | fixed by nails, pins or the like [6]

|  | A61B 17/80 |
· · · · | Cortical plates [6]

|  | A61B 17/82 |
· · · · | for bone cerclage [6]

|  | A61B 17/84 |
· · · · | Fasteners therefor [6]

|  | A61B 17/86 |
· · · · · | Pins or screws [6]

|  | A61B 17/88 |
· · · | Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal fixation devices [6]

|  | A61B 17/90 |
· · · · | Guides therefor [6]

|  | A61B 17/92 |
· · · · | Impactors or extractors, e.g. for removing intramedullary devices [6]

|  | A61B 17/94 |
· | Endoscopic surgical instruments (endoscopic instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 10/04) [8]

P:0 |  | A61B 18/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body (eye surgery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 9/007; ear surgery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 11/00) [7]

|  | A61B 18/02 |
· | by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques (devices for cooling specific reflex points of the body within cell-life limits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61H 39/06) [7]

|  | A61B 18/04 |
· | by heating (by applying electromagnetic radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 18/18; hyperthermia using electric or magnetic fields, radiation or ultrasound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N) [7]

|  | A61B 18/06 |
· · | caused by chemical reaction [7]

|  | A61B 18/08 |
· · | by means of electrically-heated probes [7]

|  | A61B 18/10 |
· · · | Power sources therefor [7]

|  | A61B 18/12 |
· · | by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current [7]

|  | A61B 18/14 |
· · · | Probes or electrodes therefor [7]

|  | A61B 18/16 |
· · · · | Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding [7]

|  | A61B 18/18 |
· | by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves (radiation therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 5/00) [7]

|  | A61B 18/20 |
· · | using laser [7]

|  | A61B 18/22 |
· · · | the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Hand-pieces therefor [7]

|  | A61B 18/24 |
· · · · | with a catheter (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 18/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 18/28 take precedence) [7]

|  | A61B 18/26 |
· · · · | for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy [7]

|  | A61B 18/28 |
· · · · | for heating a thermal probe or absorber [7]

P:120 |  | A61B 19/00 |
Instruments, implements or accessories for surgery or diagnosis not covered by any of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 1/00-A61B 18/00, e.g. for stereotaxis, sterile operation, luxation treatment, wound edge protectors (protective face masks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A41D 13/11; surgeons' or patients' gowns or dresses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A41D 13/12; devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 1/00)

|  | A61B 19/02 |
· | Protective casings or covers for appliances or instruments, e.g. boxes or sterile covers; Instrument tables or cupboards; Doctors' bags

|  | A61B 19/04 |
· | Operating gloves; Finger-stalls for operating; Devices for treating them, e.g. cleaning, powdering (glove-boxes for manipulating, gloves therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25J 21/02)

|  | A61B 19/08 |
· | Surgical drapes (bandages, dressings or absorbent pads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 13/00)

|  | A61B 19/10 |
· · | with means to retain or hold surgical implements [5]

|  | A61B 19/12 |
· · | tubular, e.g. for arms or legs [5]