|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H01 |
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

|  | H01 |
Note(s) Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81 and subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]

|  | H01C |
RESISTORS

|  | H01C |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "adjustable" means mechanically adjustable. [2] Variable resistors, the value of which is changed non-mechanically, e.g. by voltage or temperature, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/00. [2]

|  | H01C |
Subclass index
NON-ADJUSTABLE RESISTORS | 3/00, 7/00, 8/00, 11/00
ADJUSTABLE RESISTORS | 10/00
OTHER RESISTORS | 13/00
DETAILS | 1/00
MANUFACTURE | 17/00

P:60 |  | H01C 1/00 |
Details

|  | H01C 1/01 |
· | Mounting; Supporting [2]

|  | H01C 1/012 |
· · | the base extending along, and imparting rigidity or reinforcement to, the resistive element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/016 takes precedence; the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops as a spiral, helical, or toroidal winding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 3/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 3/20; the resistive element being formed as one or more layers or coatings on a base Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/00) [2]

|  | H01C 1/014 |
· · | the resistor being suspended between, and being supported by, two supporting sections (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/016 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 1/016 |
· · | with compensation for resistor expansion or contraction [2]

|  | H01C 1/02 |
· | Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure [2]

|  | H01C 1/022 |
· · | the housing or enclosure being openable or separable from the resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 1/024 |
· · | the housing or enclosure being hermetically sealed (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/028, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/032, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/034 take precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 1/026 |
· · · | with gaseous or vacuum spacing between the resistive element and the housing or casing [2]

|  | H01C 1/028 |
· · | the resistive element being embedded in insulation with outer enclosing sheath [2]

|  | H01C 1/03 |
· · · | with powdered insulation [2]

|  | H01C 1/032 |
· · | plural layers surrounding the resistive element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/028 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 1/034 |
· · | the housing or enclosure being formed as coating or mould without outer sheath (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/032 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 1/036 |
· · · | on wound resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 1/04 |
· | Arrangements of distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding

|  | H01C 1/06 |
· | Electrostatic or electromagnetic shielding arrangements

|  | H01C 1/08 |
· | Cooling, heating, or ventilating arrangements

|  | H01C 1/082 |
· · | using forced fluid flow [2]

|  | H01C 1/084 |
· · | using self-cooling, e.g. fins, heat sinks [2]

|  | H01C 1/12 |
· | Arrangements of current collectors

|  | H01C 1/125 |
· · | of fluid contacts [2]

|  | H01C 1/14 |
· | Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistors (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R); Arrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors

|  | H01C 1/142 |
· · | the terminals or tapping points being coated on the resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 1/144 |
· · | the terminals or tapping points being welded or soldered [2]

|  | H01C 1/146 |
· · | the resistive element surrounding the terminal [2]

|  | H01C 1/148 |
· · | the terminals embracing or surrounding the resistive element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/142 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 1/16 |
· | Resistor networks not otherwise provided for

P:20 |  | H01C 3/00 |
Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven, or formed as grids

|  | H01C 3/02 |
· | arranged or constructed for reducing self-induction, capacitance, or variation with frequency

|  | H01C 3/04 |
· | Iron-filament ballast resistors; Other resistors having variable temperature coefficient

|  | H01C 3/06 |
· | Flexible or folding resistors, whereby such a resistor can be looped or collapsed upon itself [2]

|  | H01C 3/08 |
· | Dimension or characteristic of resistive element changing gradually or in discrete steps from one terminal to another [2]

|  | H01C 3/10 |
· | the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration [2]

|  | H01C 3/12 |
· · | lying in one plane [2]

|  | H01C 3/14 |
· | the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical, or toroidal winding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 3/02-H01C 3/12 take precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 3/16 |
· · | including two or more distinct wound elements, or two or more winding patterns [2]

|  | H01C 3/18 |
· · | wound on a flat or ribbon base (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 3/16 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 3/20 |
· · | wound on cylindrical or prismatic base (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 3/16 takes precedence) [2]

P:40 |  | H01C 7/00 |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material (consisting of loose powdered or granular material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 8/00; resistors with a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. field effect resistors, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 29/00; semiconductor devices sensitive to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation, e.g. photoresistors, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 31/00; devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 39/00; devices using galvano-magnetic or similar magnetic effects, e.g. magnetic-field-controlled resistors, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 43/00; solid state devices for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 45/00; bulk negative resistance effect devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 47/00) [2]

|  | H01C 7/02 |
· | having positive temperature coefficient

|  | H01C 7/04 |
· | having negative temperature coefficient

|  | H01C 7/06 |
· | including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature

|  | H01C 7/10 |
· | voltage responsive, i.e. varistors [6]

|  | H01C 7/102 |
· · | Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/12 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01C 7/105 |
· · | Varistor cores (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/12 takes precedence) [6]

|  | H01C 7/108 |
· · · | Metal oxide [6]

|  | H01C 7/112 |
· · · · | ZnO type [6]

|  | H01C 7/115 |
· · · · | Titanium dioxide- or titanate type [6]

|  | H01C 7/118 |
· · · | Carbide, e.g. SiC type [6]

|  | H01C 7/12 |
· · | Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters [3]

|  | H01C 7/13 |
· | current-responsive [2]

|  | H01C 7/18 - H01C 7/22 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/02-H01C 7/13 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/18-H01C 7/22. [2]

|  | H01C 7/18 |
· | comprising a plurality of layers stacked between terminals [2]

|  | H01C 7/20 |
· | the resistive layer or coating being tapered [2]

|  | H01C 7/22 |
· | Elongated resistive element being bent or curved, e.g. sinusoidal, helical [2]

P:30 |  | H01C 8/00 |
Non-adjustable resistors consisting of loose powdered or granular conducting, or powdered or granular semi-conducting material [2]

|  | H01C 8/02 |
· | Coherers or like imperfect resistors for detecting electromagnetic waves [2]

|  | H01C 8/04 |
· | Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters [2,3]

P:0 |  | H01C 10/00 |
Adjustable resistors [2]

|  | H01C 10/02 |
· | Liquid resistors [2]

|  | H01C 10/04 |
· | with specified mathematical relationship between movement of resistor actuating means and value of resistance, other than direct proportional relationship [2]

|  | H01C 10/06 |
· | adjustable by short-circuiting different amounts of the resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 10/08 |
· · | with intervening conducting structure between the resistive element and the short-circuiting means, e.g. taps [2]

|  | H01C 10/10 |
· | adjustable by mechanical pressure or force [2]

|  | H01C 10/12 |
· · | by changing surface pressure between resistive masses or resistive and conductive masses, e.g. pile type [2]

|  | H01C 10/14 |
· | adjustable by auxiliary driving means [2]

|  | H01C 10/16 |
· | including plural resistive elements [2]

|  | H01C 10/18 |
· · | including coarse and fine resistive elements [2]

|  | H01C 10/20 |
· · | Contact structure or movable resistive elements being ganged [2]

|  | H01C 10/22 |
· | resistive-element dimensions changing gradually in one direction, e.g. tapered resistive element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/04 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 10/23 |
· | resistive-element dimensions changing in a series of discrete, progressive steps [2]

|  | H01C 10/24 |
· | the contact moving along turns of a helical resistive element, or vice versa [2]

|  | H01C 10/26 |
· | resistive element moving (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/24 take precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 10/28 - H01C 10/50 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/02-H01C 10/26 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/28-H01C 10/50. [2]

|  | H01C 10/28 |
· | the contact rocking or rolling along resistive element or taps [2]

|  | H01C 10/30 |
· | the contact sliding along resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 10/32 |
· · | the contact moving in an arcuate path [2]

|  | H01C 10/34 |
· · · | the contact or the associated conducting structure riding on collector formed as a ring or portion thereof [2]

|  | H01C 10/36 |
· · · | structurally combined with switching arrangements [2]

|  | H01C 10/38 |
· · | the contact moving along a straight path [2]

|  | H01C 10/40 |
· · · | screw-operated [2]

|  | H01C 10/42 |
· · · · | the contact bridging and sliding along resistive element and parallel conducting bar or collector [2]

|  | H01C 10/44 |
· · · | the contact bridging and sliding along resistive element and parallel conducting bar or collector (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/42 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 10/46 |
· | Arrangements of fixed resistors with intervening connectors, e.g. taps (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/30 take precedence) [2]

|  | H01C 10/48 |
· · | including contact movable in an arcuate path [2]

|  | H01C 10/50 |
· | structurally combined with switching arrangement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 10/36 takes precedence) [2]

P:10 |  | H01C 11/00 |
Non-adjustable liquid resistors [2]

P:50 |  | H01C 13/00 |
Resistors not provided for elsewhere

|  | H01C 13/02 |
· | Structural combinations of resistors (impedance networks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H) [2]

P:70 |  | H01C 17/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors (providing fillings for housings or enclosures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/02; reducing insulation surrounding a resistor to powder Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 1/03; manufacture of thermally variable resistors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 7/04) [2]

|  | H01C 17/02 |
· | adapted for manufacturing resistors with envelope or housing (apparatus or processes for filling or compressing insulating material in heating element tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/52) [2]

|  | H01C 17/04 |
· | adapted for winding the resistive element [2]

|  | H01C 17/06 |
· | adapted for coating resistive material on a base [2]

|  | H01C 17/065 |
· · | by thick-film techniques, e.g. serigraphy [6]

|  | H01C 17/07 |
· · | by resistor foil bonding, e.g. cladding [6]

|  | H01C 17/075 |
· · | by thin-film techniques [6]

|  | H01C 17/08 |
· · · | by vapour deposition [2]

|  | H01C 17/10 |
· · · | by flame spraying [2]

|  | H01C 17/12 |
· · · | by sputtering [2]

|  | H01C 17/14 |
· · · | by chemical deposition [2]

|  | H01C 17/16 |
· · · · | using electric current [2]

|  | H01C 17/18 |
· · · · | without using electric current [2]

|  | H01C 17/20 |
· · | by pyrolytic processes [2]

|  | H01C 17/22 |
· | adapted for trimming [2]

|  | H01C 17/23 |
· · | by opening or closing resistor tracks of predetermined resistive values [6]

|  | H01C 17/232 |
· · | Adjusting the temperature coefficient; Adjusting value of resistance by adjusting temperature coefficient [6]

|  | H01C 17/235 |
· · | Initial adjustment of potentiometer parts for calibration [6]

|  | H01C 17/24 |
· · | by removing or adding resistive material (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 17/23, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 17/232, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C 17/235 take precedence) [2,6]

|  | H01C 17/242 |
· · · | by laser [6]

|  | H01C 17/245 |
· · · | by mechanical means, e.g. sand-blasting, cutting, ultrasonic treatment [6]

|  | H01C 17/26 |
· · | by converting resistive material [2]

|  | H01C 17/28 |
· | adapted for applying terminals [2]

|  | H01C 17/30 |
· | adapted for baking [2]