|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F04 |
Subsection index
MACHINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F04C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F04B
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
ENGINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F03C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F03C
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
PUMPS |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston | F04C
reciprocating piston or other | F04B
non-positive displacement | F04D

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F23 |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

|  | F23 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J; "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame; "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame; "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

|  | F23D |
BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23D |
Subclass index
BURNERS FOR PULVERULENT FUEL | 1/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A LIQUID |
Using capillary action | 3/00
Using fuel evaporation; direct spraying action | 5/00; 11/00
Using fuel impingement on a surface | 7/00, 9/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A GAS | 14/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS OR LIQUID OR PULVERULENT FUEL | 17/00
OTHER BURNERS | 21/00
ASSEMBLIES OF TWO OR MORE BURNERS | 23/00

P:20 |  | F23D 1/00 |
Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel (arrangement or mounting of burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 5/00)

|  | F23D 1/02 |
· | Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus

|  | F23D 1/04 |
· | Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action

|  | F23D 1/06 |
· | Burners producing sheet flames

|  | F23D 3/00 - F23D 11/00 |
Combustion of a liquid

P:60 |  | F23D 3/00 |
Burners using capillary action

|  | F23D 3/02 |
· | Wick burners

|  | F23D 3/04 |
· · | with flame spreaders (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 3/12 takes precedence)

|  | F23D 3/06 |
· · | Inverted wick burners, e.g. for illumination

|  | F23D 3/08 |
· · | characterised by shape, construction, or material, of wick

|  | F23D 3/10 |
· · | Blue-flame burners

|  | F23D 3/12 |
· · · | with flame spreaders

|  | F23D 3/14 |
· · · | with mixing of air and fuel vapour in a chamber before the flame

|  | F23D 3/16 |
· · | using candles (candles per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11C)

|  | F23D 3/18 |
· · | Details of wick burners

|  | F23D 3/20 |
· · · | Flame spreaders

|  | F23D 3/22 |
· · · | Devices for mixing evaporated fuel with air

|  | F23D 3/24 |
· · · | Carriers for wicks

|  | F23D 3/26 |
· · · · | Safety devices thereon

|  | F23D 3/28 |
· · · | Wick-adjusting devices

|  | F23D 3/30 |
· · · · | directly engaging with the wick

|  | F23D 3/32 |
· · · · | engaging with a tube carrying the wick

|  | F23D 3/34 |
· · · · | Wick stop devices; Wick-fixing devices

|  | F23D 3/36 |
· · · | Devices for trimming wicks

|  | F23D 3/38 |
· · · | Devices for replacement of wicks

|  | F23D 3/40 |
· | the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies

P:70 |  | F23D 5/00 |
Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel

|  | F23D 5/02 |
· | the liquid forming a pool, e.g. bowl-type evaporators, dish-type evaporators

|  | F23D 5/04 |
· · | Pot-type evaporators, i.e. using a partially-enclosed combustion space

|  | F23D 5/06 |
· | the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces

|  | F23D 5/08 |
· · | on cascaded surfaces

|  | F23D 5/10 |
· · | on grids

|  | F23D 5/12 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 5/14 |
· · | Maintaining predetermined amount of fuel in evaporator

|  | F23D 5/16 |
· · | Safety devices

|  | F23D 5/18 |
· · | Preheating devices

P:50 |  | F23D 7/00 |
Burners in which drops of liquid fuel impinge on a surface

P:40 |  | F23D 9/00 |
Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface

P:30 |  | F23D 11/00 |
Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space (spraying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D)

|  | F23D 11/02 |
· | the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure

|  | F23D 11/04 |
· | the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action

|  | F23D 11/06 |
· · | using a horizontal shaft

|  | F23D 11/08 |
· · | using a vertical shaft

|  | F23D 11/10 |
· | the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour

|  | F23D 11/12 |
· · | characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle

|  | F23D 11/14 |
· · · | with a single outlet, e.g. slit

|  | F23D 11/16 |
· · | in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed

|  | F23D 11/18 |
· · | the gaseous medium being water vapour generated at the nozzle

|  | F23D 11/20 |
· · · | the water vapour being superheated

|  | F23D 11/22 |
· · | the gaseous medium being vaporised fuel, e.g. for a soldering lamp

|  | F23D 11/24 |
· | by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space

|  | F23D 11/26 |
· · | with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed

|  | F23D 11/28 |
· · · | with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass

|  | F23D 11/30 |
· · · | with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir

|  | F23D 11/32 |
· | by electrostatic means

|  | F23D 11/34 |
· | by ultrasonic means

|  | F23D 11/36 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 11/38 |
· · | Nozzles (nozzles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B); Cleaning devices therefor

|  | F23D 11/40 |
· · | Mixing tubes; Burner heads

|  | F23D 11/42 |
· · | Starting devices (igniting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q)

|  | F23D 11/44 |
· · | Preheating devices; Vaporising devices

|  | F23D 11/46 |
· · | Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel

P:80 |  | F23D 14/00 |
Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid [4]

|  | F23D 14/02 |
· | Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone [4]

|  | F23D 14/04 |
· · | induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner [4]

|  | F23D 14/06 |
· · · | with radial outlets at the burner head [4]

|  | F23D 14/08 |
· · · | with axial outlets at the burner head [4]

|  | F23D 14/10 |
· · · | with elongated tubular burner head [4]

|  | F23D 14/12 |
· | Radiant burners [4]

|  | F23D 14/14 |
· · | using screens or perforated plates [4]

|  | F23D 14/16 |
· · | using permeable blocks [4]

|  | F23D 14/18 |
· · | using catalysis for flameless combustion [4]

|  | F23D 14/20 |
· | Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/30-F23D 14/44 take precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/22 |
· · | with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other [4]

|  | F23D 14/24 |
· · · | at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion [4]

|  | F23D 14/26 |
· | with provision for a retention flame (pilot flame igniters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q 9/00) [4]

|  | F23D 14/28 |
· | in association with a gaseous fuel source, e.g. acetylene generator, or a container for liquefied gas [4]

|  | F23D 14/30 |
· | Inverted burners, e.g. for illumination [4]

|  | F23D 14/32 |
· | using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/38 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/34 |
· | Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/38 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/36 |
· · | in which the compressor and burner form a single unit [4]

|  | F23D 14/38 |
· | Torches, e.g. for cutting, brazing, welding or heating (nozzles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/48) [4]

|  | F23D 14/40 |
· · | for welding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/44 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/42 |
· · | for cutting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/44 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/44 |
· · | for use under water [4]

|  | F23D 14/46 |
· | Details [4]

|  | F23D 14/48 |
· · | Nozzles (for spraying or coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B) [4]

|  | F23D 14/50 |
· · · | Cleaning devices therefor [4]

|  | F23D 14/52 |
· · · | for torches; for blow-pipes [4]

|  | F23D 14/54 |
· · · · | for cutting or welding metal [4]

|  | F23D 14/56 |
· · · | for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, for heating workpieces (scarfing by applying flames Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 7/00) [4]

|  | F23D 14/58 |
· · · | characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration [4]

|  | F23D 14/60 |
· · | Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air (regulation of combustion in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N) [4]

|  | F23D 14/62 |
· · | Mixing devices; Mixing tubes [4]

|  | F23D 14/64 |
· · · | with injectors [4]

|  | F23D 14/66 |
· · | Preheating the combustion air or gas [4]

|  | F23D 14/68 |
· · | Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, by moistening (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01) [4]

|  | F23D 14/70 |
· · | Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices [4]

|  | F23D 14/72 |
· · | Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply (protection or supervision of pipe-line systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17D 5/00) [4]

|  | F23D 14/74 |
· · · | Preventing flame lift-off (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/70 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 14/76 |
· · · | Protecting flame and burner parts [4]

|  | F23D 14/78 |
· · · | Cooling burner parts [4]

|  | F23D 14/80 |
· · · | Selection of a non-toxic gas [4]

|  | F23D 14/82 |
· · · | Preventing flashback or blowback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/70 takes precedence; in gas feed lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C 4/02) [4]

|  | F23D 14/84 |
· · | Flame spreading or otherwise shaping (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/70 takes precedence) [4]

|  | F23D 17/00 - F23D 23/00 |
Other burners

P:10 |  | F23D 17/00 |
Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel

P:90 |  | F23D 21/00 |
Burners not otherwise provided for

P:0 |  | F23D 23/00 |
Assemblies of two or more burners (gas burners with provision for a retention flame Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/26; arrangement or mounting of burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 5/00; for industrial furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)