|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F04 |
Subsection index
MACHINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F04C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F04B
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
ENGINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F03C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F03C
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
PUMPS |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston | F04C
reciprocating piston or other | F04B
non-positive displacement | F04D

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F23 |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

|  | F23 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J; "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame; "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame; "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

|  | F23B |
METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; using solid fuel suspended in air Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 1/00; using solid fuel suspended in liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 11/00; using solid fuel and fluent fuel simultanenously or alternately Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 17/00)

|  | F23B |
Note(s) This subclass only covers combustion wherein the main body of fuel is either essentially stationary during combustion or mechanically transported, as opposed to pneumatically transported or suspended in air, during combustion. [8] In this subclass, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, classification is made in the first appropriate place. [8] In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used. Methods that are not related to a particular type of apparatus are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23B 90/00. [8]

|  | F23B - F23B 103/00 |
Note(s) In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23B 101/00-F23B 103/00. [8]

|  | F23B |
Subclass index
COMBUSTION APPARATUS |
Combinations of two or more combustion chambers | 10/00
Specially adapted for portability or transportability | 20/00
Functional types | 30/00 - 60/00
Returning solid combustion residues to the combustion chamber | 70/00
Creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel | 80/00
COMBUSTION METHODS NOT RELATED TO A PARTICULAR TYPE OF APPARATUS | 90/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

|  | F23C |
METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUENT FUEL (burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M; combustion chambers for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23C |
Note(s) In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used. [8]

|  | F23C |
Subclass index
COMBUSTION APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION OF TWO OR MORE TYPES OF FUEL | 1/00
COMBINATIONS OF TWO OR MORE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS | 6/00
FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF COMBUSTION APPARATUS |
Fluidised bed combustion | 10/00
Catalytic combustion | 13/00
Resonant combustion | 15/00
COMBUSTION APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY SUBSYSTEMS |
Combustion chambers | 3/00
Arrangement or mounting of burners | 5/00
Air supply | 7/00
Arrangements for returning flue gases or combustion products | 9/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

|  | F23D |
BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23D |
Subclass index
BURNERS FOR PULVERULENT FUEL | 1/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A LIQUID |
Using capillary action | 3/00
Using fuel evaporation; direct spraying action | 5/00; 11/00
Using fuel impingement on a surface | 7/00, 9/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A GAS | 14/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS OR LIQUID OR PULVERULENT FUEL | 17/00
OTHER BURNERS | 21/00
ASSEMBLIES OF TWO OR MORE BURNERS | 23/00

|  | F23G |
CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION

|  | F23G |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the burning of low-grade fuel of solid, liquid, or gaseous nature.

|  | F23G |
Subclass index
CREMATION FURNACES | 1/00
CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION |
Processes; Functional types of apparatus | 5/00
Adaptation for specific waste or fuels | 7/00
Details; Accessories | 5/44
Control or safety arrangements | 5/50

|  | F23H |
GRATES (inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/20); CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES

|  | F23H |
Subclass index
GRATES |
With solid bars; with hollow bars | 1/00; 3/00
Double; inclined; revolving or rocking; travelling | 5/00; 7/00; 9/00; 11/00
Other types | 13/00
Details | 17/00
CLEANING ARRANGEMENTS FOR GRATES, MOVING FUEL ALONG GRATE | 15/00

|  | F23J |
REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (precipitating dust from flue gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; composition of fuels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10; combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G 7/06)

|  | F23J |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the cleaning of surfaces of furnace tubes, flame tubes, water tubes, flues or the like of boilers, heat-exchange or heat-transfer conduits, which surfaces are contaminated by combustion products or combustion residues. This subclass does not cover the cleaning of surfaces of boilers, heat exchange or heat-transfer conduits contaminated by other than combustion products or combustion residues, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28G.

|  | F23J |
Subclass index
REMOVAL OF SOLID COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES |
From combustion chamber | 1/00
From places beyond the fire | 3/00
TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES |
Supply of chemicals; preventing solidification; Treating smoke or fumes | 7/00; 9/00; 15/00
FLUES, FITTINGS FOR CHIMNEYS OR FLUES | 11/00, 13/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

|  | F23K |
FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/22; regulating or controlling combustion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N)

|  | F23L |
AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS (air-supply arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel, e.g. fluidised bed combustion apparatus, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C; dampers or throat restrictors for open fire-places Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24)

|  | F23L |
Subclass index
AIR SUPPLY |
Passages for: primary air; secondary air | 1/00; 9/00
Valves or dampers |
construction | 13/00
arrangements: before the fire; after the fire | 3/00; 11/00
Blast-producing apparatus before the fire; heating of air for combustion | 5/00; 15/00
SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES, OTHER THAN AIR, TO THE FIRE | 7/00
DRAUGHT-INDUCING | 17/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

|  | F23M |
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (construction or support of tube walls for steam boilers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23N |
REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (control devices specially adapted for combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/28; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24B 1/187)

|  | F23Q |
IGNITION (devices for igniting matches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A24F; explosive or thermic compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06B; chemical igniters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06C; devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines, except glowing plugs, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P); EXTINGUISHING DEVICES

|  | F23Q |
Subclass index
IGNITERS |
Mechanical | 1/00
Using electric sparks | 3/00, 5/00
Incandescent | 7/00
With pilot flame | 9/00
By catalysis | 11/00
Other | 13/00
REMOTE IGNITION | 21/00
TESTING | 23/00
LIGHTERS CONTAINING FUEL | 2/00, 3/01, 7/00
EXTINGUISHING DEVICES | 25/00

|  | F23R |
GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (chemical aspects of gas production Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06D 5/00; gas-turbine plants characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 3/14; arrangement of afterburners in jet-propulsion plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 3/10; combustion chambers of rocket engine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 9/00; using such products for specific purposes, see the relevant classes for the purposes)