|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C11 |
ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES (edible oil or fat compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23)

|  | C11D |
DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS (preparations specially adapted for washing the hair Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 8/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61Q 5/12; methods or apparatus for disinfection or sterilisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; special washing compositions for cleaning semi-permeable membranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 65/06); USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL

|  | C11D |
Note(s) When classifying in the mixture groups of this subclass, any individual ingredient of a composition which is not identified by such classification, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00. The individual ingredient can be either a single substance or a composition in itself. [8] Any ingredient of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (1) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]

|  | C11D |
Subclass index
SURFACE-ACTIVE DETERGENTS |
Non-soap | 1/00, 3/00
Based on soap | 9/00
NON-SURFACE-ACTIVE DETERGENTS | 7/00
DETERGENT MIXTURES | 10/00, 11/00
SOAP-MAKING; GLYCEROL | 13/00, 15/00; 19/00
SHAPE | 17/00

|  | C11D 1/00 - C11D 3/00 |
Surface-active non-soap detergents

P:50 |  | C11D 1/00 |
Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent

|  | C11D 1/02 - C11D 1/88 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 1/02-C11D 1/88, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C11D 1/02 |
· | Anionic compounds

|  | C11D 1/04 |
· · | Carboxylic acids or salts thereof (soap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 9/00)

|  | C11D 1/06 |
· · · | Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids

|  | C11D 1/08 |
· · · | Polycarboxylic acids containing no nitrogen or sulfur

|  | C11D 1/10 |
· · · | Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof

|  | C11D 1/12 |
· · | Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/065 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 1/14 |
· · · | derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols

|  | C11D 1/16 |
· · · | derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols

|  | C11D 1/18 |
· · · | derived from amino alcohols

|  | C11D 1/20 |
· · · · | Fatty acid condensates

|  | C11D 1/22 |
· · · | derived from aromatic compounds

|  | C11D 1/24 |
· · · · | containing ester or ether groups directly attached to the nucleus

|  | C11D 1/26 |
· · · | derived from heterocyclic compounds

|  | C11D 1/28 |
· · · | Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides

|  | C11D 1/29 |
· · · | Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers [2]

|  | C11D 1/30 |
· · · | Sulfonation products derived from lignin

|  | C11D 1/32 |
· · | Protein hydrolysates; Fatty acid condensates thereof

|  | C11D 1/34 |
· · | Derivatives of acids of phosphorus

|  | C11D 1/36 |
· · | of unknown constitution

|  | C11D 1/37 |
· · | Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic

|  | C11D 1/38 |
· | Cationic compounds

|  | C11D 1/40 |
· · | Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof

|  | C11D 1/42 |
· · | Amino alcohols or amino ethers

|  | C11D 1/44 |
· · · | Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines

|  | C11D 1/46 |
· · | Esters of carboxylic acids with amino alcohols; Esters of amino carboxylic acids with alcohols

|  | C11D 1/48 |
· · | N-containing polycondensation products

|  | C11D 1/50 |
· · | Derivatives of urea, thiourea, cyanamide, guanidine or urethanes

|  | C11D 1/52 |
· · | Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/07 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 1/54 |
· · | Hydrazides of carboxylic acids

|  | C11D 1/56 |
· · | containing nitro or nitroso groups

|  | C11D 1/58 |
· · | Heterocyclic compounds

|  | C11D 1/60 |
· · | Sulfonium or phosphonium compounds

|  | C11D 1/62 |
· · | Quaternary ammonium compounds

|  | C11D 1/64 |
· · | of unknown constitution

|  | C11D 1/645 |
· · | Mixtures of compounds all of which are cationic

|  | C11D 1/65 |
· · | Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds

|  | C11D 1/655 |
· · · | of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/066 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 1/66 |
· | Non-ionic compounds

|  | C11D 1/68 |
· · | Alcohols; Oxidation products of paraffin wax, other than acids

|  | C11D 1/70 |
· · | Phenols

|  | C11D 1/72 |
· · | Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/075 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 1/722 |
· · | Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes having mixed oxyalkylene groups [2]

|  | C11D 1/74 |
· · | Carboxylates or sulfonates of polyoxyalkylene glycols

|  | C11D 1/75 |
· · | Amino oxides [2]

|  | C11D 1/755 |
· · | Sulfoxides [2]

|  | C11D 1/76 |
· · | Synthetic resins containing no nitrogen

|  | C11D 1/78 |
· · | Neutral esters of acids of phosphorus

|  | C11D 1/79 |
· · | Phosphine oxides [2]

|  | C11D 1/80 |
· · | Derivatives of lignin containing no sulfo- or sulfate groups

|  | C11D 1/82 |
· · | Compounds containing silicon

|  | C11D 1/825 |
· · | Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-anionic

|  | C11D 1/83 |
· · | Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds

|  | C11D 1/831 |
· · · | of sulfonates with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes without phosphates

|  | C11D 1/835 |
· · | Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds

|  | C11D 1/86 |
· | Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds

|  | C11D 1/88 |
· | Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds [2]

|  | C11D 1/90 |
· · | Betaines [2]

|  | C11D 1/92 |
· · | Sulfobetaines [2]

|  | C11D 1/94 |
· · | Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds [2]

P:60 |  | C11D 3/00 |
Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 1/00

|  | C11D 3/02 - C11D 3/39 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/02-C11D 3/39, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. [2]

|  | C11D 3/02 |
· | Inorganic compounds

|  | C11D 3/04 |
· · | Water-soluble compounds

|  | C11D 3/06 |
· · · | Phosphates, including polyphosphates

|  | C11D 3/065 |
· · · · | in admixture with sulfonated products

|  | C11D 3/066 |
· · · · · | and with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids

|  | C11D 3/07 |
· · · · | in a mixture with alkylolamides of carbocyclic acids

|  | C11D 3/075 |
· · · · | in admixture with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes

|  | C11D 3/08 |
· · · | Silicates

|  | C11D 3/10 |
· · · | Carbonates

|  | C11D 3/12 |
· · | Water-insoluble compounds

|  | C11D 3/14 |
· · · | Pigments; Fillers; Abrasives

|  | C11D 3/16 |
· | Organic compounds

|  | C11D 3/18 |
· · | Hydrocarbons

|  | C11D 3/20 |
· · | containing oxygen

|  | C11D 3/22 |
· · · | Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof

|  | C11D 3/24 |
· · | containing halogen

|  | C11D 3/26 |
· · | containing nitrogen

|  | C11D 3/28 |
· · · | Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring

|  | C11D 3/30 |
· · · | Amines; Substituted amines

|  | C11D 3/32 |
· · · | Amides; Substituted amides

|  | C11D 3/33 |
· · · | Amino carboxylic acids [2]

|  | C11D 3/34 |
· · | containing sulfur

|  | C11D 3/36 |
· · | containing phosphorus

|  | C11D 3/37 |
· · | Polymers [2]

|  | C11D 3/38 |
· · | Products with no well-defined composition

|  | C11D 3/382 |
· · · | Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust [2]

|  | C11D 3/384 |
· · · | Animal products [2]

|  | C11D 3/386 |
· · · | Preparations containing enzymes [2]

|  | C11D 3/39 |
· | Organic or inorganic per-compounds [2]

|  | C11D 3/395 |
· | Bleaching agents [2]

|  | C11D 3/40 |
· | Dyes [2]

|  | C11D 3/42 |
· · | Brightening agents [2]

|  | C11D 3/43 |
· | Solvents [2]

|  | C11D 3/44 |
· · | Mixed solvents

|  | C11D 3/46 |
· | Superfatting agents [2]

|  | C11D 3/48 |
· | Medicinal or disinfecting agents [2]

|  | C11D 3/50 |
· | Perfumes [2]

|  | C11D 3/60 |
· | Mixtures of compounding ingredients [2]

P:70 |  | C11D 7/00 |
Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds

|  | C11D 7/02 - C11D 7/22 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 7/02-C11D 7/22, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C11D 7/02 |
· | Inorganic compounds

|  | C11D 7/04 |
· · | Water-soluble compounds

|  | C11D 7/06 |
· · · | Hydroxides

|  | C11D 7/08 |
· · · | Acids

|  | C11D 7/10 |
· · · | Salts

|  | C11D 7/12 |
· · · · | Carbonates

|  | C11D 7/14 |
· · · · | Silicates

|  | C11D 7/16 |
· · · · | Phosphates including polyphosphates

|  | C11D 7/18 |
· · | Peroxides; Persalts

|  | C11D 7/20 |
· · | Water-insoluble oxides

|  | C11D 7/22 |
· | Organic compounds

|  | C11D 7/24 |
· · | Hydrocarbons

|  | C11D 7/26 |
· · | containing oxygen

|  | C11D 7/28 |
· · | containing halogen

|  | C11D 7/30 |
· · · | Halogenated hydrocarbons

|  | C11D 7/32 |
· · | containing nitrogen

|  | C11D 7/34 |
· · | containing sulfur

|  | C11D 7/36 |
· · | containing phosphorus

|  | C11D 7/38 |
· · | Per-compounds

|  | C11D 7/40 |
· · | Products in which the composition is not well defined

|  | C11D 7/42 |
· · · | Preparations containing enzymes

|  | C11D 7/44 |
· · · | Vegetable products (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 7/42 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 7/46 |
· · · | Animal products (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 7/42 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 7/50 |
· | Solvents [2]

|  | C11D 7/52 |
· · | combined with promoters [2]

|  | C11D 7/54 |
· | Bleaching agents [2]

|  | C11D 7/56 |
· · | combined with phosphates [2]

|  | C11D 7/60 |
· | Mixtures of non-surface-active compounds [2]

|  | C11D 9/00 |
Soap Detergents

P:40 |  | C11D 9/00 |
Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap (compositions containing resin soap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 15/04)

|  | C11D 9/02 |
· | on alkali or ammonium soaps

|  | C11D 9/04 |
· | containing compounding ingredients other than soaps

|  | C11D 9/06 - C11D 9/42 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 9/06-C11D 9/42, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C11D 9/06 |
· · | Inorganic compounds

|  | C11D 9/08 |
· · · | Water-soluble compounds

|  | C11D 9/10 |
· · · · | Salts

|  | C11D 9/12 |
· · · · · | Carbonates

|  | C11D 9/14 |
· · · · · | Phosphates; Polyphosphates

|  | C11D 9/16 |
· · · · · | Borates

|  | C11D 9/18 |
· · · | Water-insoluble compounds

|  | C11D 9/20 |
· · · · | Pigments; Fillers; Abrasives

|  | C11D 9/22 |
· · | Organic compounds

|  | C11D 9/24 |
· · · | Hydrocarbons

|  | C11D 9/26 |
· · · | containing oxygen

|  | C11D 9/28 |
· · · | containing halogen

|  | C11D 9/30 |
· · · | containing nitrogen

|  | C11D 9/32 |
· · · | containing sulfur

|  | C11D 9/34 |
· · · | containing phosphorus

|  | C11D 9/36 |
· · · | containing silicon

|  | C11D 9/38 |
· · · | Products in which the composition is not well defined

|  | C11D 9/40 |
· · · | Proteins

|  | C11D 9/42 |
· · | Per-compounds

|  | C11D 9/44 |
· · | Perfumes; Colouring materials; Brightening agents

|  | C11D 9/48 |
· · | Superfatting agents

|  | C11D 9/50 |
· · | Medicinal or disinfecting agents

|  | C11D 9/60 |
· · | Mixtures of compounding ingredients [2]

P:20 |  | C11D 10/00 |
Compositions of detergents, not provided for by any single one of main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00 [2]

|  | C11D 10/02 |
· | based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap and non-surface-active compounds [2]

|  | C11D 10/04 |
· | based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap [2]

|  | C11D 10/06 |
· | based on mixtures of non-surface-active compounds and soap [2]

P:30 |  | C11D 11/00 |
Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents

|  | C11D 11/02 |
· | Preparation in the form of powder by spray-drying

|  | C11D 11/04 |
· | by chemical means, e.g. sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising

|  | C11D 13/00 - C11D 15/00 |
Soap or soap-making; Resin soaps

P:90 |  | C11D 13/00 |
Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor (resin soap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 15/00)

|  | C11D 13/02 |
· | Boiling soap; Refining

|  | C11D 13/04 |
· · | Continuous methods therefor

|  | C11D 13/06 |
· · | Bleaching of soap or soap solutions

|  | C11D 13/08 |
· | Colouring or perfuming

|  | C11D 13/10 |
· | Mixing; Kneading

|  | C11D 13/12 |
· | Cooling (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 13/14 takes precedence)

|  | C11D 13/14 |
· | Shaping

|  | C11D 13/16 |
· · | in moulds

|  | C11D 13/18 |
· · | by extrusion or by pressing

|  | C11D 13/20 |
· · | in the form of small particles, e.g. powder, flakes (by slicing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 13/24)

|  | C11D 13/22 |
· | Cutting

|  | C11D 13/24 |
· · | Slicing soap on the cooling drum

|  | C11D 13/26 |
· | Drying (drying ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | C11D 13/28 |
· | Embossing; Polishing

|  | C11D 13/30 |
· | Recovery of soap, e.g. from spent solutions

P:80 |  | C11D 15/00 |
Manufacture of resin soap or soaps derived from naphthenic acids; Compositions

|  | C11D 15/02 |
· | Apparatus therefor

|  | C11D 15/04 |
· | Compositions containing resin soap or soap derived from naphthenic acids

P:10 |  | C11D 17/00 |
Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties (shaping soap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 13/14)

|  | C11D 17/02 |
· | Floating bodies of detergents

|  | C11D 17/04 |
· | combined with or containing other objects

|  | C11D 17/06 |
· | Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets

|  | C11D 17/08 |
· | Liquid soap; capsuled

P:0 |  | C11D 19/00 |
Recovery of glycerol from a saponification liquor (refining glycerol Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/22)