|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G05 |
CONTROLLING; REGULATING

|  | G05 |
Note(s) This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling, in general. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation; "regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control; "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation". Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".

|  | G05B |
CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (fluid-pressure actuators or systems acting by means of fluids in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B; valves per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; characterised by mechanical features only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05G; sensitive elements, see the appropriate subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B, subclasses of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01; correcting units, see the appropriate subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G05B |
5. Note(s) This subclass covers features of control systems or elements for regulating specific variables, which are clearly more generally applicable. This subclass does not cover: [7] systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables in general, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D; [7] systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; [7] systems specially adapted for the control of particular machines or apparatus provided for in a single other subclass, which are classified in the relevant subclass for such machines or apparatus, provided that there is specific provision for control or regulation relevant to the special adaptation (see Note (5), below). Otherwise, classification is made in the most appropriate place in this subclass. [7] In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "automatic controller" means a system, circuit, or device in which a signal from the detecting element is compared with a signal representing the desired value and which operates in such a way as to reduce the deviation. The automatic controller generally does not include the sensitive element, i.e. that element which measures the value of the condition to be corrected, or the correcting element, i.e. that element which adjusts the condition to be corrected; "electric" includes "electromechanical", "electrohydraulic" or "electropneumatic". In this subclass, details of specific control systems are classified in the group relevant to the system, if not otherwise provided for. This Note lists places in the IPC where there is specific provision of the kind referred to in Note (2)(c), above; where such provision is at a general level, the places are listed under the heading "General references"; where the provision is related to programme control, the places are listed under the heading "Places related to group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00". [7] General references [7]
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01K 73/04 | Spreading or positioning of drawn nets for fishing [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61G 13/02, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61G 15/02 | Adjustable operating tables, operating chairs, or dental chairs [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/42 | Distillation [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 24/48, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 29/60, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 37/04, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 46/44 | Filtration [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/30 | Separation of gases or vapours by gas-analysis apparatus [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/00 | Separation using semi-permeable membranes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 4/00 | Feed or outlet in chemical or physical processes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 38/14 | Oxygen content in oxidation gas for regeneration or reactivation of catalysts [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 47/14 | Ion-exchange processes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B 12/02 | Delivery in spraying systems [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 37/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 39/00 | Metal-rolling mills [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21K 31/00 | Positioning tool carriers for forging, pressing or hammering [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/16 | Continuous casting of metals [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 13/12 | Centrifugal casting of metals [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 17/32 | Pressure or injection die casting of metals [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 18/08 | Pressure or vacuum casting of metals [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 46/00 | Casting of metals in general [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/26 | Tool or work positioning for boring or drilling [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D 36/00 | Machines for shearing or similar cutting stock travelling otherwise than in the direction of the cut [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 5/00 | Driving or feeding mechanisms of machine tools [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 15/00 | Feed movement, cutting velocity or position of machine tools [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/00 | Copying from a pattern or master model for machine tools [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 47/22 | Position of grinding tool or work [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25J 13/00 | Manipulators [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26D 5/02 | Position of cutters in cutting machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 39/00 to |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 51/00 | Shaping techniques for plastic substances [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 15/14, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 15/16 | Presses [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41B 27/00 | Composing machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F 33/00 | Printing machines or presses [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 11/42 | Feeding sheets or webs in typewriters [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 39/00 | Apparatus or devices for manifolding, duplicating or printing for commercial purposes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 47/56 | Addressing machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60G 17/00 to |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60G 21/00 | Vehicle suspension [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 7/00 to |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 15/00 | Vehicle brakes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B 57/00 | Machines for packaging [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 43/00 | Conveyers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02F 3/43 | Sequence of drive operations for dredging or soil-shifting [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 44/00 | Earth drilling operations [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K 1/12, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K 1/16 | Steam accumulators [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K 3/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K 7/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K 13/02 | Steam engine plants [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 7/057 | Air intakes for gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 9/00 | Gas-turbine plants; Fuel supply in air-breathing jet-propulsion plants [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02D | Combustion engines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 1/15, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 1/76 | Jet pipes or nozzles in jet-propulsion plants [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 7/00 to |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 9/00 | Jet-propulsion plants [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 1/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 27/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 49/00 | Positive-displacement machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D 15/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D 27/00 | Non-positive-displacement pumps, pumping installations, or systems [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D 43/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D 48/00 | Clutches [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16F 15/027 | Suppression of vibrations using fluid means [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H 59/00 to |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H 63/00 | Gearings [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B 35/00 | Steam boilers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G 5/50 | Incineration of waste [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N | Combustion in combustion apparatus [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24B 1/187 | Combustion in open fires using solid fuel [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J 2/40 | Solar heating [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B 25/22 | Drying processes of solid materials or objects [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28B 11/00 | Steam or vapour condensers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28D 15/06 | Heat-exchange apparatus with intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through conduit walls, in which the medium condenses and evaporates [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F 27/00 | Heat-exchanges or heat-transfer apparatus in general [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/00 | Computers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08G | Traffic [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G | Indicating devices using static means to present variable information [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/00 | Driving, starting or stopping of record carriers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 7/00 | Nuclear reaction [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21D 3/00 | Nuclear power plant [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/304 | Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes used for localised treatment of objects [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P | Electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters [7] |
   Places related to group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00 (programme-control systems) [7]
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61J 7/04 | Programmed medicine dispensers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L 2/24 | Disinfection or sterilising [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 1/36 | Heart pace-makers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H 17/395 | Steering-mechanisms for toy vehicles [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B 13/00 | Centrifuges [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 37/24 | Thickness of work produced by metal-rolling mills [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 7/12 | Bending metal rods, profiles, or tubes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/08, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/24 | Boring or drilling machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23H 7/20 | Electrical discharge or electrochemical machining [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 21/00 | Assembling of parts to compose units [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 51/00 | Series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25J 9/00 | Manipulators [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 15/26 | Presses [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F 33/16 | Sequence of operations in printing machines or presses [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 11/44 | Feeding sheets or webs in typewriters [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 39/16 | Sequence of operations in apparatus or devices for manifolding, duplicating or printing for commercial purposes [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 47/64 | Selecting text or image to be printed in addressing machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L 15/20 | Traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 31/24 | Piling articles [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C 13/48, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C 23/58 | Crane drives [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67D 5/14 | Dispensing, delivering, or transferring liquids [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B 19/00, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B 21/00 | Sewing machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05C 5/04 | Embroidering machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06F 33/00 | Operations in washing machines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02D 27/02, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02D 28/00 | Combustion engines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02D 41/26 | Supply of combustible mixture or its constituents to combustion engines [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 21/02 | Fluid-pressure actuator systems [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N 5/20, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N 5/22 | Combustion in combustion apparatus [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 19/38 | Weighing apparatus [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 23/08, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 23/34 | Electromechanical clocks or watches [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C 21/00 | Mechanically operating digital computers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/00 | Control units for electric digital data processing [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/10 | Peripheral devices for electric digital data processing [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/00 | Electrically operating digital computers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 7/06 | Electrically or magnetically operating analogue computers [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 7/04, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 7/08, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B 7/12 | Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 43/00 | Electric switches [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/302 | Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes used for localised treatment of objects [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/296 | Electronic switching or gating [7] |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 3/54, |  |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 7/18 | Selecting arrangements in electric communication technique [7] |

|  | G05B |
Subclass index
CONTROL SYSTEMS |
Adaptive | 13/00
Controlled by computer | 15/00
Involving the use of models or simulators | 17/00
Controlled by programme | 19/00
Involving sampling | 21/00
Open-loop automatic control systems not otherwise provided for | 24/00
SYSTEM DETAILS |
Comparing elements | 1/00
Anti-hunting arrangements | 5/00
Internal feedback arrangements | 6/00
Obtaining smooth engagement or disengagement of automatic control | 7/00
Safety arrangements | 9/00
Automatic controllers | 11/00
TESTING, MONITORING | 23/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

P:120 |  | G05B 1/00 |
Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values (comparing phase or frequency of two electric signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D 13/00)

|  | G05B 1/01 |
· | electric [2]

|  | G05B 1/02 |
· · | for comparing analogue signals [2]

|  | G05B 1/03 |
· · | for comparing digital signals [2]

|  | G05B 1/04 |
· · | with sensing of the position of the pointer of a measuring instrument

|  | G05B 1/06 |
· · · | continuous sensing

|  | G05B 1/08 |
· · · | stepwise sensing

|  | G05B 1/11 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:100 |  | G05B 5/00 |
Anti-hunting arrangements

|  | G05B 5/01 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 5/04 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:110 |  | G05B 6/00 |
Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential (in automatic controllers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/00)

|  | G05B 6/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 6/05 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:80 |  | G05B 7/00 |
Arrangements for obtaining smooth engagement or disengagement of automatic control

|  | G05B 7/02 |
· | electric [2]

|  | G05B 7/04 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:90 |  | G05B 9/00 |
Safety arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 7/00 takes precedence; safety arrangements in programme-control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/048, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/406; safety valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 17/00; emergency protective circuit arrangements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H)

|  | G05B 9/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 9/03 |
· · | with multiple-channel loop, i.e. redundant control systems [2]

|  | G05B 9/05 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:30 |  | G05B 11/00 |
Automatic controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/01 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 11/06 |
· · | in which the output signal represents a continuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. continuous controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/10 |
· · · | the signal transmitted being dc

|  | G05B 11/12 |
· · · | the signal transmitted being modulated on an ac carrier

|  | G05B 11/14 |
· · | in which the output signal represents a discontinuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. discontinuous controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/16 |
· · · | Two-step controllers, e.g. with on/off action

|  | G05B 11/18 |
· · · | Multi-step controllers

|  | G05B 11/26 |
· · | in which the output signal is a pulse-train

|  | G05B 11/28 |
· · · | using pulse-height modulation; using pulse-width modulation

|  | G05B 11/30 |
· · · | using pulse-frequency modulation

|  | G05B 11/32 |
· · | with inputs from more than one sensing element; with outputs to more than one correcting element

|  | G05B 11/36 |
· · | with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential

|  | G05B 11/38 |
· · · | for obtaining a proportional characteristic

|  | G05B 11/40 |
· · · | for obtaining an integral characteristic

|  | G05B 11/42 |
· · · | for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.

|  | G05B 11/44 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 11/46 |
· · | without auxiliary power

|  | G05B 11/48 |
· · | with auxiliary power

|  | G05B 11/50 |
· · · | in which the output signal represents a continuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. continuous controllers

|  | G05B 11/52 |
· · · | in which the output signal represents a discontinuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. discontinuous controllers

|  | G05B 11/54 |
· · · · | Two-step controllers, e.g. with on/off action

|  | G05B 11/56 |
· · · · | Multi-step controllers

|  | G05B 11/58 |
· · | with inputs from more than one sensing element; with outputs to more than one correcting element

|  | G05B 11/60 |
· | hydraulic only

P:20 |  | G05B 13/00 |
Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00 takes precedence; details of the computer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/18) [3]

|  | G05B 13/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 13/04 |
· · | involving the use of models or simulators [3]

P:40 |  | G05B 15/00 |
Systems controlled by a computer (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00 take precedence; automatic controllers with particular characteristics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/00; computers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06) [3]

|  | G05B 15/02 |
· | electric

P:50 |  | G05B 17/00 |
Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00 take precedence; analogue computers for specific processes, systems or devices, e.g. simulators, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 7/48) [3]

|  | G05B 17/02 |
· | electric

P:0 |  | G05B 19/00 |
Programme-control systems (specific applications, see the relevant places, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47L 15/46; clocks with attached or built-in means operating any device at a preselected time interval Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 23/00; marking or sensing record carriers with digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; information storage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11; time or time-programme switches which automatically terminate their operation after the programme is completed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 43/00)

|  | G05B 19/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 19/04 |
· · | Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/418 takes precedence; numerical control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/18)

|  | G05B 19/042 |
· · · | using digital processors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/05 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/045 |
· · · | using logic state machines, consisting only of a memory or a programmable logic device containing the logic for the controlled machine and in which the state of its outputs is dependent on the state of its inputs or part of its own output states, e.g. binary decision controllers, finite state controllers [6]

|  | G05B 19/048 |
· · · | Monitoring; Safety [6]

|  | G05B 19/05 |
· · · | Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts [5]

|  | G05B 19/06 |
· · · | using cams, discs, rods, drums, or the like (mechanical programme-control apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05G 21/00)

|  | G05B 19/07 |
· · · | where the programme is defined in the fixed connection of electrical elements, e.g. potentiometers, counters, transistors [6]

|  | G05B 19/08 |
· · · | using plugboards, cross-bar distributors, matrix switches, or the like

|  | G05B 19/10 |
· · · | using selector switches

|  | G05B 19/12 |
· · · | using record carriers

|  | G05B 19/14 |
· · · · | using punched cards or tapes

|  | G05B 19/16 |
· · · · | using magnetic record carriers

|  | G05B 19/18 |
· · | Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/418 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/19 |
· · · | characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path [3,6]

|  | G05B 19/19 |
Note(s) In this group, the measuring system for an axis is used to measure the displacement along that axis. This measurement is used as position-feedback in the servo-control system. [6]

|  | G05B 19/21 |
· · · · | using an incremental digital measuring device [3]

|  | G05B 19/23 |
· · · · · | for point-to-point control [3]

|  | G05B 19/25 |
· · · · · | for continuous-path control [3]

|  | G05B 19/27 |
· · · · | using an absolute digital measuring device [3]

|  | G05B 19/29 |
· · · · · | for point-to-point control [3]

|  | G05B 19/31 |
· · · · · | for continuous-path control [3]

|  | G05B 19/33 |
· · · · | using an analogue measuring device [3]

|  | G05B 19/35 |
· · · · · | for point-to-point control [3]

|  | G05B 19/37 |
· · · · · | for continuous-path control [3]

|  | G05B 19/39 |
· · · · | using a combination of the means covered by at least two of the preceding groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/27 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/33 [3]

|  | G05B 19/40 |
· · · · | Open loop systems, e.g. using stepping motor [3]

|  | G05B 19/401 |
· · · | characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/19 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/402 |
· · · | characterised by control arrangements for positioning, e.g. centring a tool relative to a hole in the workpiece, additional detection means to correct position (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/19 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/404 |
· · · | characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/19, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/41 take precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/406 |
· · · | characterised by monitoring or safety (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/19 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/4061 |
· · · · | Avoiding collision or forbidden zones [6]

|  | G05B 19/4062 |
· · · · | Monitoring servoloop, e.g. overload of servomotor, loss of feedback or reference [6]

|  | G05B 19/4063 |
· · · · | Monitoring general control system (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/4062 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/4065 |
· · · · | Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition [6]

|  | G05B 19/4067 |
· · · · | Restoring data or position after power failure or other interruption [6]

|  | G05B 19/4068 |
· · · · | Verifying part programme on screen, by drawing or other means [6]

|  | G05B 19/4069 |
· · · · | Simulating machining process on screen (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/4068 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/408 |
· · · | characterised by data handling or data format, e.g. reading, buffering or conversion of data [6]

|  | G05B 19/409 |
· · · | characterised by using manual data input (MDI) or by using control panel, e.g. controlling functions with the panel; characterised by control panel details, by setting parameters (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/408, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/4093 take precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/4093 |
· · · | characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine [6]

|  | G05B 19/4097 |
· · · | characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/4093 takes precedence; CAD in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/50) [6]

|  | G05B 19/4099 |
· · · · | Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing [6]

|  | G05B 19/41 |
· · · | characterised by interpolation, e.g. the computation of intermediate points between programmed end points to define the path to be followed and the rate of travel along that path (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/31, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/37, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/39, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/40 take precedence) [3,6]

|  | G05B 19/4103 |
· · · · | Digital interpolation [6]

|  | G05B 19/4105 |
· · · · | Analog interpolation [6]

|  | G05B 19/414 |
· · · | Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller [6]

|  | G05B 19/4155 |
· · · | characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme [6]

|  | G05B 19/416 |
· · · | characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/19 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/418 |
· · | Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), integrated manufacturing systems (IMS), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) [6]

|  | G05B 19/42 |
· · | Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine

|  | G05B 19/421 |
· · · | Teaching successive positions by mechanical means, e.g. by mechanically-coupled handwheels to position tool head or end effector (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/423 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/423 |
· · · | Teaching successive positions by walk-through, i.e. the tool head or end effector being grasped and guided directly, with or without servo-assistance, to follow a path [6]

|  | G05B 19/425 |
· · · | Teaching successive positions by numerical control, i.e. commands being entered to control the positioning servo of the tool head or end effector [6]

|  | G05B 19/427 |
· · · | Teaching successive positions by tracking the position of a joystick or handle to control the positioning servo of the tool head, master-slave control (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/423 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G05B 19/43 |
· | fluidic [3]

|  | G05B 19/44 |
· · | pneumatic [3]

|  | G05B 19/46 |
· · | hydraulic [3]

P:60 |  | G05B 21/00 |
Systems involving sampling of the variable controlled (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00-G05B 19/00 take precedence; transmission systems for measured values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C; electronic switching or gating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00)

|  | G05B 21/02 |
· | electric

P:10 |  | G05B 23/00 |
Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof (monitoring of programme-control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/048, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/406)

|  | G05B 23/02 |
· | Electric testing or monitoring

P:70 |  | G05B 24/00 |
Open-loop automatic control systems not otherwise provided for [2]

|  | G05B 24/02 |
· | electric [2]

|  | G05B 24/04 |
· | fluidic [2]

P:130 |  | G05B 99/00 |
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [8]