|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F04 |
Subsection index
MACHINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F04C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F04B
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
ENGINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F03C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F03C
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
PUMPS |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston | F04C
reciprocating piston or other | F04B
non-positive displacement | F04D

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F23 |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

|  | F23 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J; "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame; "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame; "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

|  | F23C |
METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUENT FUEL (burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M; combustion chambers for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23C |
Note(s) In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used. [8]

|  | F23C |
Subclass index
COMBUSTION APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION OF TWO OR MORE TYPES OF FUEL | 1/00
COMBINATIONS OF TWO OR MORE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS | 6/00
FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF COMBUSTION APPARATUS |
Fluidised bed combustion | 10/00
Catalytic combustion | 13/00
Resonant combustion | 15/00
COMBUSTION APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY SUBSYSTEMS |
Combustion chambers | 3/00
Arrangement or mounting of burners | 5/00
Air supply | 7/00
Arrangements for returning flue gases or combustion products | 9/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS | 99/00

P:10 |  | F23C 1/00 |
Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being fluent (combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 6/00; pilot flame igniters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q 9/00) [1,7,8]

|  | F23C 1/02 |
· | lump and liquid fuel

|  | F23C 1/04 |
· | lump and gaseous fuel

|  | F23C 1/06 |
· | lump and pulverulent fuel

|  | F23C 1/08 |
· | liquid and gaseous fuel

|  | F23C 1/10 |
· | liquid and pulverulent fuel

|  | F23C 1/12 |
· | gaseous and pulverulent fuel

P:50 |  | F23C 3/00 |
Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 15/00 takes precedence) [1,7,8]

P:70 |  | F23C 5/00 |
Combustion apparatus characterised by the arrangement or mounting of burners [1,7,8]

|  | F23C 5/02 |
· | Structural details of mounting

|  | F23C 5/06 |
· · | Provision for adjustment of burner position during operation

|  | F23C 5/08 |
· | Disposition of burners

|  | F23C 5/14 |
· · | to obtain a single flame of concentrated or substantially planar form, e.g. pencil or sheet flame (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 5/32 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F23C 5/24 |
· · | to obtain a loop flame

|  | F23C 5/28 |
· · | to obtain flames in opposing directions, e.g. impacting flames

|  | F23C 5/32 |
· · | to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally [3]

P:0 |  | F23C 6/00 |
Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers [3,7,8]

|  | F23C 6/02 |
· | in parallel arrangement [3]

|  | F23C 6/04 |
· | in series connection (consuming smoke or fumes in separate combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G 7/06) [3]

P:80 |  | F23C 7/00 |
Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply (inlets for fluidisation air Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/20) [1,7,8]

|  | F23C 7/02 |
· | Disposition of air supply not passing through burner (to obtain a cyclonic tapering flame when burning pulverulent fuel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 5/32)

|  | F23C 7/04 |
· · | to obtain maximum heat transfer to wall of combustion chamber

|  | F23C 7/06 |
· · | for heating the incoming air (arrangements of regenerators or recuperators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23L 15/00)

|  | F23C 7/08 |
· · · | indirectly by a secondary fluid other than the combustion products

P:60 |  | F23C 9/00 |
Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber (fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means for recirculation of particles entrained from the bed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/02; fluidised bed combustion apparatus with devices for removal and partial reintroduction of material from the bed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/26) [1,7,8]

|  | F23C 9/06 |
· | for completing combustion [3]

|  | F23C 9/08 |
· | for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber [3]

P:30 |  | F23C 10/00 |
Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles [7]

|  | F23C 10/00 |
Note(s) In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing code of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 101/00. [7]

|  | F23C 10/01 |
· | in a fluidised bed of catalytic particles [8]

|  | F23C 10/02 |
· | with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed [7]

|  | F23C 10/04 |
· · | the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone [7]

|  | F23C 10/06 |
· · · | the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed [7]

|  | F23C 10/08 |
· · · | characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases [7]

|  | F23C 10/10 |
· · · · | the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber [7]

|  | F23C 10/12 |
· · | the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone [7]

|  | F23C 10/14 |
· · · | the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed [7]

|  | F23C 10/16 |
· | specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel [7]

|  | F23C 10/18 |
· | Details; Accessories [7]

|  | F23C 10/20 |
· · | Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms [7]

|  | F23C 10/22 |
· · | Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/26 takes precedence) [7]

|  | F23C 10/24 |
· · | Devices for removal of material from the bed (devices for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/30) [7]

|  | F23C 10/26 |
· · · | combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts [7]

|  | F23C 10/28 |
· · | Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus [7]

|  | F23C 10/30 |
· · · | for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed [7]

|  | F23C 10/32 |
· · · · | by controlling the rate of recirculation of particles separated from the flue gases [7]

P:40 |  | F23C 13/00 |
Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material (in a fluidised bed of catalytic particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/01; radiant gas burners using catalysis for flameless combustion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/18) [8]

|  | F23C 13/02 |
· | characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature [8]

|  | F23C 13/04 |
· | characterised by the arrangement of two or more catalytic elements in series connection [8]

|  | F23C 13/06 |
· | in which non-catalytic combustion takes place in addition to catalytic combustion, e.g. downstream of a catalytic element [8]

|  | F23C 13/08 |
· | characterised by the catalytic material [8]

P:20 |  | F23C 15/00 |
Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass [8]

P:90 |  | F23C 99/00 |
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [8]

|  | F23C 101/00 |
Indexing scheme associated with group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/00, relating to combustion in entrained fluidised beds. [7]

P:100 |  | F23C 101/00 |
Combustion in entrained fluidised beds, i.e. fluidised beds which have no distinct upper surface [7]