|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G06 |
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 71/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63D 15/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 1/18; combinations of writing implements with computing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08)

|  | G06 |
Note(s) This class covers: simulators which are concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system; simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the function of apparatus or of a system, if no provision exists elsewhere; image data processing or generation. This class does not cover: control functions derived from simulators, in general, which are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, although such functions may be covered by the subclass of this class for the device controlled; measurement or analysis of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator, which is covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; simulators regarded as teaching or training devices which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Such simulators are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09; components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclass for these devices or machines (and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09). In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "data" is used as the synonym of "information". Therefore, the term "information" is not used in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06Q; "calculating or computing" includes, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form. Of these terms "computing" is used throughout the class; "computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the term "calcul" will serve for either term; "simulator" is a device which may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale. In interpreting this term models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators; "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".

|  | G06F |
ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computers in which a part of the computation is effected hydraulically or pneumatically Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06D, optically Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06E; computer systems based on specific computational models Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06N; impedance networks using digital techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H)

|  | G06F |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated: "handling" includes processing or transporting of data; "data processing equipment" means an association of an electric digital data processor classifiable under group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/00, with one or more arrangements classifiable under groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/00-G06F 5/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/00-G06F 13/00.

|  | G06F |
Subclass index
DATA PROCESSING | 7/00, 15/00 - 19/00
INPUT, OUTPUT; INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS | 3/00; 13/00
ADDRESSING OR ALLOCATION | 12/00
CONVERSION; PROGRAMME CONTROL; ERROR DETECTION, MONITORING | 5/00; 9/00; 11/00
DETAILS | 1/00
SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS | 21/00

P:110 |  | G06F 1/00 |
Details not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00-G06F 13/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 21/00 (architectures of general purpose stored programme computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/76) [1,8]

|  | G06F 1/02 |
· | Digital function generators

|  | G06F 1/025 |
· · | for functions having two-valued amplitude, e.g. Walsh functions [5]

|  | G06F 1/03 |
· · | working, at least partly, by table look-up (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/025 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G06F 1/03 |
Note(s) In order to be classified in this group, the table must contain function values of the desired or an intermediate function, not merely coefficients. [5]

|  | G06F 1/035 |
· · · | Reduction of table size [5]

|  | G06F 1/04 |
· | Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom

|  | G06F 1/06 |
· · | Clock generators producing several clock signals [5]

|  | G06F 1/08 |
· · | Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency [5]

|  | G06F 1/10 |
· · | Distribution of clock signals [5]

|  | G06F 1/12 |
· · | Synchronisation of different clock signals [5]

|  | G06F 1/14 |
· · | Time supervision arrangements, e.g. real time clock [5]

|  | G06F 1/16 |
· | Constructional details or arrangements (instrument details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B) [5]

|  | G06F 1/18 |
· · | Packaging or power distribution [5]

|  | G06F 1/20 |
· · | Cooling means [5]

|  | G06F 1/22 |
· | Means for limiting or controlling the pin/gate ratio [5]

|  | G06F 1/24 |
· | Resetting means (micro-programme loading Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/24; restoration from data faults Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/00) [5]

|  | G06F 1/26 |
· | Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof (for memories Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C) [5]

|  | G06F 1/28 |
· · | Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision [5]

|  | G06F 1/30 |
· · | Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations (for resetting only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/24; involving the processing of data-words Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/00) [5]

|  | G06F 1/32 |
· · | Means for saving power [5]

P:90 |  | G06F 3/00 |
Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements (typewriters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J; conversion of physical variables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; image acquisition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06T 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06T 9/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M; transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L) [4]

|  | G06F 3/01 |
· | Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/16 takes precedence) [8]

|  | G06F 3/02 |
· · | Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials (keyboard switches per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 13/70; electronic switches characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/94) [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/023 |
· · · | Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes (coding in connection with keyboards or like devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 11/00) [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/027 |
· · · · | for insertion of the decimal point [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/03 |
· · | Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/03 |
Note(s) In this group, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, classification is made in the first appropriate place. [8]

|  | G06F 3/033 |
· · · | Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/037 |
· · · · | using the raster scan of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) for detecting the position of the member, e.g. light pens cooperating with CRT monitors [3,8]

|  | G06F 3/038 |
· · · · | Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry [8]

|  | G06F 3/039 |
· · · · | Accessories therefor, e.g. mouse pads (furniture aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 21/00) [8]

|  | G06F 3/041 |
· · · | Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means [8]

|  | G06F 3/042 |
· · · · | by opto-electronic means [8]

|  | G06F 3/043 |
· · · · | using propagating acoustic waves [8]

|  | G06F 3/044 |
· · · · | by capacitive means [8]

|  | G06F 3/045 |
· · · · | using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact [8]

|  | G06F 3/046 |
· · · · | by electromagnetic means [8]

|  | G06F 3/047 |
· · · · | using sets of wires, e.g. crossed wires [8]

|  | G06F 3/048 |
· · | Interaction techniques for graphical user interfaces, e.g. interaction with windows, icons or menus [8]

|  | G06F 3/05 |
· | Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time (sample-and-hold arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; sampling per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00; analogue/digital conversion, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 1/00)

|  | G06F 3/06 |
· | Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers

|  | G06F 3/08 |
· · | from or to individual record carriers, e.g. punched card

|  | G06F 3/09 |
· | Digital output to typewriters [3]

|  | G06F 3/12 |
· | Digital output to print unit (digital output to typewriter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/09; arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data using printers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/02)

|  | G06F 3/13 |
· | Digital output to plotter (arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data using plotters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/22) [3]

|  | G06F 3/14 |
· | Digital output to display device (arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/00; control of display in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G)

|  | G06F 3/147 |
· · | using display panels [3]

|  | G06F 3/153 |
· · | using cathode-ray tubes [3]

|  | G06F 3/16 |
· | Sound input; Sound output (conversion of speech into digital information or vice versa Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L)

|  | G06F 3/18 |
· | Digital input from automatic curve follower (automatic curve followers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 11/02) [3]

P:80 |  | G06F 5/00 |
Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled (coding, decoding or code conversion, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M) [4]

|  | G06F 5/01 |
· | for shifting, e.g. justifying, scaling, normalising [5]

|  | G06F 5/06 |
· | for changing the speed of data flow, i.e. speed regularising

|  | G06F 5/08 |
· · | having a sequence of storage locations, the intermediate ones not being accessible for either enqueue or dequeue operations, e.g. using a shift register [8]

|  | G06F 5/10 |
· · | having a sequence of storage locations each being individually accessible for both enqueue and dequeue operations, e.g. using random access memory [8]

|  | G06F 5/12 |
· · · | Means for monitoring the fill level; Means for resolving contention, i.e. conflicts between simultaneous enqueue and dequeue operations [8]

|  | G06F 5/14 |
· · · · | for overflow or underflow handling, e.g. full or empty flags [8]

|  | G06F 5/16 |
· · | Multiplexed systems, i.e. using two or more similar devices which are alternately accessed for enqueue and dequeue operations, e.g. ping-pong buffers [8]

P:60 |  | G06F 7/00 |
Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00)

|  | G06F 7/02 |
· | Comparing digital values (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/38 take precedence; information retrieval Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/30; comparing pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/22)

|  | G06F 7/04 |
· · | Identity comparison, i.e. for like or unlike values

|  | G06F 7/06 |
· | Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on individual record carriers (sorting of postal letters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C; conveying record carriers from one station to another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 13/02)

|  | G06F 7/08 |
· · | Sorting, i.e. grouping record carriers in numerical or other ordered sequence according to the classification of at least some of the information they carry (by merging two or more sets of carriers in ordered sequence Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/16)

|  | G06F 7/10 |
· · | Selecting, i.e. obtaining data of one kind from those record carriers which are identifiable by data of a second kind from a mass of ordered or randomly-distributed record carriers

|  | G06F 7/12 |
· · · | with provision for printing-out a list of selected items

|  | G06F 7/14 |
· · | Merging, i.e. combining at least two sets of record carriers each arranged in the same ordered sequence to produce a single set having the same ordered sequence

|  | G06F 7/16 |
· · · | Combined merging and sorting

|  | G06F 7/20 |
· · | Comparing separate sets of record carriers arranged in the same sequence to determine whether at least some of the data in one set is identical with that in the other set or sets

|  | G06F 7/22 |
· | Arrangements for sorting or merging computer data on continuous record carriers, e.g. tape, drum, disc

|  | G06F 7/24 |
· · | Sorting, i.e. extracting data from one or more carriers, re-arranging the data in numerical or other ordered sequence, and re-recording the sorted data on the original carrier or on a different carrier or set of carriers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/36 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/26 |
· · · | the sorted data being recorded on the original record carrier within the same space in which the data had been recorded prior to their sorting, without using intermediate storage

|  | G06F 7/32 |
· · | Merging, i.e. combining data contained in ordered sequence on at least two record carriers to produce a single carrier or set of carriers having all the original data in the ordered sequence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/36 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/36 |
· · | Combined merging and sorting

|  | G06F 7/38 |
· | Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation [3]

|  | G06F 7/40 |
· · | using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/46 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/42 |
· · · | Adding; Subtracting

|  | G06F 7/44 |
· · · | Multiplying; Dividing

|  | G06F 7/46 |
· · | using electromechanical counter-type accumulators

|  | G06F 7/48 |
· · | using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices [3]

|  | G06F 7/483 |
· · · | Computations with numbers represented by a non-linear combination of denominational numbers, e.g. rational numbers, logarithmic number system, floating-point numbers (conversion to or from floating-point codes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 7/24) [8]

|  | G06F 7/485 |
· · · · | Adding; Subtracting [8]

|  | G06F 7/487 |
· · · · | Multiplying; Dividing [8]

|  | G06F 7/49 |
· · · | Computations with a radix, other than binary, 8, 16 or decimal, e.g. ternary, negative or imaginary radices, mixed radix [3]

|  | G06F 7/491 |
· · · | Computations with decimal numbers [8]

|  | G06F 7/492 |
· · · · | using a binary weighted representation within each denomination [8]

|  | G06F 7/493 |
· · · · · | the representation being the natural binary coded representation, i.e. 8421-code [8]

|  | G06F 7/494 |
· · · · · · | Adding; Subtracting [8]

|  | G06F 7/495 |
· · · · · · · | in digit-serial fashion, i.e. having a single digit-handling circuit treating all denominations after each other [8]

|  | G06F 7/496 |
· · · · · · | Multiplying; Dividing [8]

|  | G06F 7/498 |
· · · · | using counter-type accumulators [8]

|  | G06F 7/499 |
· · · | Denomination or exception handling, e.g. rounding, overflow [8]

|  | G06F 7/50 |
· · · | Adding; Subtracting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/483-G06F 7/491, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/544-G06F 7/556 take precedence) [3,8]

|  | G06F 7/501 |
· · · · | Half or full adders, i.e. basic adder cells for one denomination (EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/21) [8]

|  | G06F 7/502 |
· · · · · | Half adders; Full adders consisting of two cascaded half adders [8]

|  | G06F 7/503 |
· · · · · | using carry switching, i.e. the incoming carry being connected directly, or only via an inverter, to the carry output under control of a carry propagate signal [8]

|  | G06F 7/504 |
· · · · | in bit-serial fashion, i.e. having a single digit-handling circuit treating all denominations after each other [8]

|  | G06F 7/505 |
· · · · | in bit-parallel fashion, i.e. having a different digit-handling circuit for each denomination (half or full adders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/501) [8]

|  | G06F 7/506 |
· · · · · | with simultaneous carry generation for, or propagation over, two or more stages [8]

|  | G06F 7/507 |
· · · · · · | using selection between two conditionally calculated carry or sum values [8]

|  | G06F 7/508 |
· · · · · · | using carry look-ahead circuits [8]

|  | G06F 7/509 |
· · · · · | for multiple operands, e.g. digital integrators [8]

|  | G06F 7/52 |
· · · | Multiplying; Dividing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/483-G06F 7/491, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/544-G06F 7/556 take precedence) [3,8]

|  | G06F 7/523 |
· · · · | Multiplying only [8]

|  | G06F 7/525 |
· · · · · | in serial-serial fashion, i.e. both operands being entered serially (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/533 takes precedence) [8]

|  | G06F 7/527 |
· · · · · | in serial-parallel fashion, i.e. one operand being entered serially and the other in parallel (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/533 takes precedence) [8]

|  | G06F 7/53 |
· · · · · | in parallel-parallel fashion, i.e. both operands being entered in parallel (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/533 takes precedence) [8]

|  | G06F 7/533 |
· · · · · | Reduction of the number of iteration steps or stages, e.g. using the Booth algorithm, log-sum, odd-even [8]

|  | G06F 7/535 |
· · · · | Dividing only [8]

|  | G06F 7/537 |
· · · · · | Reduction of the number of iteration steps or stages, e.g. using the Sweeny-Robertson-Tocher (SRT) algorithm [8]

|  | G06F 7/544 |
· · · | for evaluating functions by calculation (with a look-up table Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/02) [3]

|  | G06F 7/548 |
· · · · | Trigonometric functions; Co-ordinate transformations [3]

|  | G06F 7/552 |
· · · · | Powers or roots [3]

|  | G06F 7/556 |
· · · · | Logarithmic or exponential functions [3]

|  | G06F 7/57 |
· · · | Arithmetic logic units (ALU), i.e. arrangements or devices for performing two or more of the operations covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/483-G06F 7/556 or for performing logical operations (instruction execution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/30) [8]

|  | G06F 7/575 |
· · · · | Basic arithmetic logic units, i.e. devices selectable to perform either addition, subtraction or one of several logical operations, using, at least partially, the same circuitry [8]

|  | G06F 7/58 |
· | Random or pseudo-random number generators [3]

|  | G06F 7/60 |
· | Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations [3]

|  | G06F 7/62 |
· · | Performing operations exclusively by counting total number of pulses [3]

|  | G06F 7/64 |
· · | Digital differential analysers, i.e. computing devices for differentiation, integration or solving differential or integral equations, using pulses representing increments; Other incremental computing devices for solving difference equations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/70 takes precedence; differential analysers using hybrid computing techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06J 1/02) [3]

|  | G06F 7/66 |
· · · | wherein pulses represent unitary increments only [3]

|  | G06F 7/68 |
· · | using pulse rate multipliers or dividers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/70 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 7/70 |
· · | using stochastic pulse trains, i.e. randomly occurring pulses the average pulse rates of which represent numbers [3]

|  | G06F 7/72 |
· · | using residue arithmetic [3]

|  | G06F 7/74 |
· | Selecting or encoding within a word the position of one or more bits having a specified value, e.g. most or least significant one or zero detection, priority encoders [8]

|  | G06F 7/76 |
· | Arrangements for rearranging, permuting or selecting data according to predetermined rules, independently of the content of the data (according to the content of the data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/22; parallel/series conversion or vice versa Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 9/00) [8]

|  | G06F 7/78 |
· · | for changing the order of data flow, e.g. matrix transposition, LIFO buffers; Overflow or underflow handling therefor [8]

P:20 |  | G06F 9/00 |
Arrangements for programme control, e.g. control unit (programme control for peripheral devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/10) [4]

|  | G06F 9/02 |
· | using wired connections, e.g. plugboard

|  | G06F 9/04 |
· | using record carriers containing only programme instructions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/06 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 9/06 |
· | using stored programme, i.e. using internal store of processing equipment to receive and retain programme

|  | G06F 9/22 |
· · | Micro-control or micro-programme arrangements [3]

|  | G06F 9/24 |
· · · | Loading of the micro-programme [3]

|  | G06F 9/26 |
· · · | Address formation of the next micro-instruction (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/28 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 9/28 |
· · · | Enhancement of operational speed, e.g. by using several micro-control devices operating in parallel [3]

|  | G06F 9/30 |
· · | Arrangements for executing machine- instructions, e.g. instruction decode (for executing micro-instructions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/22; for executing subprogrammes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/40) [3]

|  | G06F 9/302 |
· · · | Controlling the executing of arithmetic operations [5]

|  | G06F 9/305 |
· · · | Controlling the executing of logical operations [5]

|  | G06F 9/308 |
· · · | Controlling single bit operations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/305 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G06F 9/312 |
· · · | Controlling loading, storing or clearing operations [5]

|  | G06F 9/315 |
· · · | Controlling moving, shifting or rotation operations [5]

|  | G06F 9/318 |
· · · | with operation extension or modification [5]

|  | G06F 9/32 |
· · · | Address formation of the next instruction, e.g. incrementing the instruction counter, jump (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/38 takes precedence; subprogramme jump Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/42) [3]

|  | G06F 9/34 |
· · · | Addressing or accessing the instruction operand or the result (address translation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 12/00) [3,5]

|  | G06F 9/345 |
· · · · | of multiple operands or results [5]

|  | G06F 9/35 |
· · · · | Indirect addressing [5]

|  | G06F 9/355 |
· · · · | Indexed addressing [5]

|  | G06F 9/38 |
· · · | Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline, look ahead [3]

|  | G06F 9/40 |
· · | Arrangements for executing subprogrammes, i.e. combinations of several instructions [3]

|  | G06F 9/42 |
· · · | Formation of subprogramme-jump address or of return address [3]

|  | G06F 9/44 |
· · | Arrangements for executing specific programmes [3]

|  | G06F 9/445 |
· · · | Programme loading or initiating [5]

|  | G06F 9/45 |
· · · | Compilation or interpretation of high level programme languages [5]

|  | G06F 9/455 |
· · · | Emulation; Software simulation [5]

|  | G06F 9/46 |
· · | Multiprogramming arrangements [3]

|  | G06F 9/48 |
· · · | Programme initiating; Programme switching, e.g. by interrupt [7]

|  | G06F 9/50 |
· · · | Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit (CPU) [7]

|  | G06F 9/52 |
· · · | Programme synchronisation; Mutual exclusion, e.g. by means of semaphores [7]

|  | G06F 9/54 |
· · · | Interprogramme communication [7]

P:10 |  | G06F 11/00 |
Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring (methods or arrangements for verifying the correctness of marking on a record carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 5/00; in information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 20/18; in static stores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 29/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M 13/00) [4]

|  | G06F 11/07 |
· | Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance [7]

|  | G06F 11/08 |
· · | Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes

|  | G06F 11/10 |
· · · | Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens

|  | G06F 11/14 |
· · | Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/16 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 11/16 |
· · | Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware [3]

|  | G06F 11/18 |
· · · | using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits, e.g. by quadding or by majority decision circuits [3]

|  | G06F 11/20 |
· · · | using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements [3]

|  | G06F 11/22 |
· | Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing (testing of digital circuits, e.g. of separate computer components, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/317) [3]

|  | G06F 11/24 |
· · | Marginal testing [3]

|  | G06F 11/25 |
· · | Testing of logic operation, e.g. by logic analysers [6]

|  | G06F 11/26 |
· · | Functional testing [3]

|  | G06F 11/263 |
· · · | Generation of test inputs, e.g. test vectors, patterns or sequences [6]

|  | G06F 11/267 |
· · · | Reconfiguring circuits for testing, e.g. LSSD, partitioning [6]

|  | G06F 11/27 |
· · · | Built-in tests [6]

|  | G06F 11/273 |
· · · | Tester hardware, i.e. output processing circuits [6]

|  | G06F 11/277 |
· · · · | with comparison between actual response and known fault-free response [6]

|  | G06F 11/28 |
· | by checking the correct order of processing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/07, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/22 take precedence; monitoring patterns of pulse trains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/19) [3]

|  | G06F 11/30 |
· | Monitoring [3]

|  | G06F 11/32 |
· · | with visual indication of the functioning of the machine [3]

|  | G06F 11/34 |
· · | Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation [3]

|  | G06F 11/36 |
· | Preventing errors by testing or debugging of software [7]

P:70 |  | G06F 12/00 |
Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures (information storage in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11) [4,5]

|  | G06F 12/02 |
· | Addressing or allocation; Relocation (programme address sequencing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/00; arrangements for selecting an address in a digital store Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 8/00) [4]

|  | G06F 12/04 |
· · | Addressing variable-length words or parts of words [4]

|  | G06F 12/06 |
· · | Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, address space extension, memory dedication (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 12/08 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 12/08 |
· · | in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems [4]

|  | G06F 12/10 |
· · · | Address translation [4]

|  | G06F 12/12 |
· · · | Replacement control [4]

|  | G06F 12/14 |
· | Protection against unauthorised use of memory [4]

|  | G06F 12/16 |
· | Protection against loss of memory contents [4]

P:100 |  | G06F 13/00 |
Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units (interface circuits for specific input/output devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00; multi-processor systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/16; transmission of digital information in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; selecting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q) [4]

|  | G06F 13/10 |
· | Programme control for peripheral devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/14-G06F 13/42 take precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/12 |
· · | using hardware independent of the central processor, e.g. channel or peripheral processor [4]

|  | G06F 13/14 |
· | Handling requests for interconnection or transfer [4]

|  | G06F 13/16 |
· · | for access to memory bus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/28 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/18 |
· · · | with priority control [4]

|  | G06F 13/20 |
· · | for access to input/output bus [4]

|  | G06F 13/22 |
· · · | using successive scanning, e.g. polling (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/24 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/24 |
· · · | using interrupt (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/26 |
· · · · | with priority control [4]

|  | G06F 13/28 |
· · · | using burst mode transfer, e.g. direct memory access, cycle steal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/30 |
· · · · | with priority control [4]

|  | G06F 13/32 |
· · · | using combination of interrupt and burst mode transfer [4]

|  | G06F 13/34 |
· · · · | with priority control [4]

|  | G06F 13/36 |
· · | for access to common bus or bus system [4]

|  | G06F 13/362 |
· · · | with centralised access control [5]

|  | G06F 13/364 |
· · · · | using independent requests or grants, e.g. using separated request and grant lines [5]

|  | G06F 13/366 |
· · · · | using a centralised polling arbiter [5]

|  | G06F 13/368 |
· · · | with decentralised access control [5]

|  | G06F 13/37 |
· · · · | using a physical-position-dependent priority, e.g. daisy chain, round robin or token passing [5]

|  | G06F 13/372 |
· · · · | using a time-dependent priority, e.g. individually loaded time counters or time slot [5]

|  | G06F 13/374 |
· · · · | using a self-select method with individual priority code comparator [5]

|  | G06F 13/376 |
· · · · | using a contention resolving method, e.g. collision detection, collision avoidance [5]

|  | G06F 13/378 |
· · · · | using a parallel poll method [5]

|  | G06F 13/38 |
· | Information transfer, e.g. on bus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/14 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G06F 13/40 |
· · | Bus structure [4]

|  | G06F 13/42 |
· · | Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation (synchronisation in transmission of digital information in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 7/00) [4]

P:50 |  | G06F 15/00 |
Digital computers in general (details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/00-G06F 13/00); Data processing equipment in general (neural networks for image data processing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06T)

|  | G06F 15/02 |
· | manually operated with input through keyboard and computation using a built-in programme, e.g. pocket calculators

|  | G06F 15/04 |
· | programmed simultaneously with the introduction of data to be processed, e.g. on the same record carrier

|  | G06F 15/08 |
· | using a plugboard for programming [5]

|  | G06F 15/10 |
· · | Tabulators [5]

|  | G06F 15/12 |
· · · | having provision for both printed and punched output [5]

|  | G06F 15/14 |
· · | Calculating-punches [5]

|  | G06F 15/16 |
· | Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a programme unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programmes (interface circuits for specific input/output devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00; multi-programming arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/46; transmission of digital information in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L, e.g. in computer networks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 12/00; selecting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q)

|  | G06F 15/163 |
· · | Interprocessor communication [6]

|  | G06F 15/167 |
· · · | using a common memory, e.g. mailbox (memory protection Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 12/14; memory access priority Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/18) [6]

|  | G06F 15/17 |
· · · | using an input/output type connection, e.g. channel, I/O port [6]

|  | G06F 15/173 |
· · · | using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake (interface switching circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/40) [6]

|  | G06F 15/177 |
· · | Initialisation or configuration control (configuration control for monitoring, testing or in case of failure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/00) [6]

|  | G06F 15/18 |
· | in which a programme is changed according to experience gained by the computer itself during a complete run; Learning machines (adaptive control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00)

|  | G06F 15/76 |
· | Architectures of general purpose stored programme computers (with programme plugboard Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/08; multicomputers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/16; general purpose image data processing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06T 1/00) [5,6]

|  | G06F 15/78 |
· · | comprising a single central processing unit [5]

|  | G06F 15/80 |
· · | comprising an array of processing units with common control, e.g. single instruction multiple data processors (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/82 takes precedence) [5]

|  | G06F 15/82 |
· · | data or demand driven [5]

P:30 |  | G06F 17/00 |
Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions [6]

|  | G06F 17/10 |
· | Complex mathematical operations [6]

|  | G06F 17/11 |
· · | for solving equations [6]

|  | G06F 17/12 |
· · · | Simultaneous equations [6]

|  | G06F 17/13 |
· · · | Differential equations (using digital differential analysers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/64) [6]

|  | G06F 17/14 |
· · | Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations [6]

|  | G06F 17/15 |
· · | Correlation function computation [6]

|  | G06F 17/16 |
· · | Matrix or vector computation [6]

|  | G06F 17/17 |
· · | Function evaluation by approximation methods, e.g. inter- or extrapolation, smoothing, least mean square method (interpolation for numerical control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/18) [6]

|  | G06F 17/18 |
· · | for evaluating statistical data [6]

|  | G06F 17/20 |
· | Handling natural language data (speech analysis or synthesis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L) [6]

|  | G06F 17/21 |
· · | Text processing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/27, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/28 take precedence; systems for composing machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41B 27/00) [6]

|  | G06F 17/22 |
· · · | Manipulating or registering by use of codes, e.g. in sequence of text characters [6]

|  | G06F 17/24 |
· · · | Editing, e.g. insert/delete [6]

|  | G06F 17/25 |
· · · | Automatic justification [6]

|  | G06F 17/26 |
· · · | Automatic hyphenation [6]

|  | G06F 17/27 |
· · | Automatic analysis, e.g. parsing, orthograph correction [6]

|  | G06F 17/28 |
· · | Processing or translating of natural language (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/27 takes precedence) [6]

|  | G06F 17/30 |
· | Information retrieval; Database structures therefor [6]

|  | G06F 17/40 |
· | Data acquisition and logging (for input to computer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00) [6]

|  | G06F 17/50 |
· | Computer-aided design (for the design of test circuits for static stores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 29/54) [6,8]

P:40 |  | G06F 19/00 |
Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 17/00 takes precedence; data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06Q) [6,8]

|  | G06F 19/00 |
Note(s) This group covers: [6] special constructions of computers to permit or facilitate use in specific applications; [6] non-structural adaptations of computers to a specific application, e.g. computing methods. [6]

P:0 |  | G06F 21/00 |
Security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorised activity (multiprogramming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/46; protection against unauthorised use of memory Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 12/14; dispensing apparatus actuated by coded identity card or credit card Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07F 7/08; equipment anti-theft monitoring by a central station Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B 26/00; secret or secure communication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 9/00; data switching networks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 12/00) [8]

|  | G06F 21/02 |
· | by protecting specific internal components of computers [8]

|  | G06F 21/04 |
· | by protecting specific peripheral devices, e.g. keyboards or displays [8]

|  | G06F 21/06 |
· | by sensing unauthorised manipulation of, or intrusion into, an enclosure e.g. a housing or a room [8]

|  | G06F 21/20 |
· | by restricting access to nodes in a computer system or computer network [8]

|  | G06F 21/22 |
· | by restricting access to, or manipulation of, programmes or processes [8]

|  | G06F 21/24 |
· | by protecting data directly, e.g. by labelling [8]