|  | D |
SECTION D — TEXTILES; PAPER

TEXTILES OR FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | D04 |
BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS

|  | D04H |
MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL (weaving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; braiding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04C; net-making Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04G; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B; tufting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05C; finishing non-woven fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06); FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING (non-woven fabrics having an intermediate or external layer of a different kind, e.g. of woven fabric, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | D04H |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "non-woven fabrics" means fabrics formed wholly or partly of textile material by processes comprising operations other than the weaving, knitting, braiding, lacing, or knotting of yarns, threads, or filaments for which provision is made in other subclasses of section D. This expression includes felts, cotton-wool and wadding. In this subclass: some of the non-woven fabrics can also be regarded as "layered products" within the meaning of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B, and further classification in that subclass should be considered in accordance with the notes thereto; in cases where the making of non-woven fabrics involves the use of particular chemical compounds or compositions, e.g. for treating or bonding fibres, filaments, or yarns, further classification in other appropriate subclasses should also be considered. By varying the proportions of fibres or threads, and the chemical compounds or compositions, the final products may be given the appearance of paper, cardboard, leather, or the like.

|  | D04H |
Subclass index
TYPES AND CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS; APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THEM |
From short fibres; from long fibres; from mixture of short and long fibres | 1/00; 3/00; 5/00
Pile fabrics | 11/00
Other non-woven fabrics | 13/00
FELTING APPARATUS; NEEDLING MACHINES | 17/00; 18/00

|  | D04H 1/00 - D04H 13/00 |
Kinds or types of non-woven fabrics; Apparatus or processes for making such products

P:0 |  | D04H 1/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres

|  | D04H 1/02 |
· | Cotton-wool; Wadding (carding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G)

|  | D04H 1/04 |
· | from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres (felting apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 17/00)

|  | D04H 1/06 |
· · | by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping, or curling of fibres (curling or crimpling of fibres, filaments, or yarns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D02G 1/00)

|  | D04H 1/08 |
· · | and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products

|  | D04H 1/10 |
· · · | Felts made from mixtures of fibres

|  | D04H 1/12 |
· · · · | and incorporating artificial organic fibres

|  | D04H 1/14 |
· · · · | and incorporating inorganic fibres

|  | D04H 1/16 |
· · · | Laminated felts in which the separate layers are united by a felting process

|  | D04H 1/20 |
· · · | Felts incorporating inserts or attachments, e.g. for ornamental purposes

|  | D04H 1/22 |
· · · | Three-dimensional articles formed by felting processes

|  | D04H 1/24 |
· · · | Covers felted on to three-dimensional articles

|  | D04H 1/40 |
· | from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties

|  | D04H 1/42 |
· · | characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece

|  | D04H 1/44 |
· · | the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling

|  | D04H 1/45 |
· · · | by forming intermeshing loops or stitches from some of the fibres (knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B) [4]

|  | D04H 1/46 |
· · · | by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/45 takes precedence; needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00) [4]

|  | D04H 1/48 |
· · · · | in combination with at least one other method of consolidation, e.g. with application of bonding agents

|  | D04H 1/50 |
· · · | by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping, or curling of fibres (curling or crimping of fibres, filaments, or yarns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D02G 1/00)

|  | D04H 1/52 |
· · · | by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements (knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 1/54 |
· · | by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving (in combination with needling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/48)

|  | D04H 1/56 |
· · · | in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres

|  | D04H 1/58 |
· · | by applying, incorporating, or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives (in combination with needling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/48)

|  | D04H 1/60 |
· · · | the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently

|  | D04H 1/62 |
· · · · | at spaced points or locations

|  | D04H 1/64 |
· · · | the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions

|  | D04H 1/66 |
· · · · | at spaced points or locations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/68 takes precedence)

|  | D04H 1/68 |
· · · · | the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam

|  | D04H 1/70 |
· | characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres (lap-forming devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G 25/00; paper web-making by wet methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21H) [4]

|  | D04H 1/72 |
· · | the fibres being randomly arranged

|  | D04H 1/74 |
· · | the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel

P:10 |  | D04H 3/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length

|  | D04H 3/02 |
· | characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments (lap-forming devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G 25/00; paper web-making by wet methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21H) [4]

|  | D04H 3/03 |
· · | at random

|  | D04H 3/04 |
· · | in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles

|  | D04H 3/05 |
· · | in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal

|  | D04H 3/07 |
· · | otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way

|  | D04H 3/08 |
· | characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating

|  | D04H 3/10 |
· · | with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 3/12 |
· · | with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

|  | D04H 3/14 |
· · | with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding

|  | D04H 3/16 |
· · · | with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion [4]

P:20 |  | D04H 5/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively-short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length

|  | D04H 5/02 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 5/04 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by applying or incorporating chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents in solid or liquid form

|  | D04H 5/06 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by welding-together thermoplastic fibres, filaments, or yarns

|  | D04H 5/08 |
· | characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns (lap-forming devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G 25/00; paper web-making by wet methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21H) [4]

P:30 |  | D04H 11/00 |
Non-woven pile fabrics (layered products forming non-woven pile fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; woven pile fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03D; tufting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05C)

|  | D04H 11/04 |
· | formed by zig-zag folding of a fleece or layer of staple fibres, filaments, or yarns, strengthened or consolidated at the folds

|  | D04H 11/08 |
· | formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00)

P:40 |  | D04H 13/00 |
Other non-woven fabrics

|  | D04H 13/02 |
· | Production of non-woven fabrics by partial defibrillating of oriented thermoplastics films [4]

P:50 |  | D04H 17/00 |
Felting apparatus

|  | D04H 17/10 |
· | for felting between rollers, e.g. heated rollers

|  | D04H 17/12 |
· · | Multi-roller apparatus

P:60 |  | D04H 18/00 |
Needling machines