|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G06 |
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 71/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63D 15/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 1/18; combinations of writing implements with computing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08)

|  | G06 |
Note(s) This class covers: simulators which are concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system; simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the function of apparatus or of a system, if no provision exists elsewhere; image data processing or generation. This class does not cover: control functions derived from simulators, in general, which are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, although such functions may be covered by the subclass of this class for the device controlled; measurement or analysis of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator, which is covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; simulators regarded as teaching or training devices which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Such simulators are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09; components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclass for these devices or machines (and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09). In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "data" is used as the synonym of "information". Therefore, the term "information" is not used in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F; "calculating" or "computing" includes, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form. Of these terms "computing" is used throughout the class; "computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the term "calcul" will serve for either term; "simulator" is a device which may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale. In interpreting this term models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators; "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".

|  | G06M |
COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (counting by measuring volume or weight of articles to be counted Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G; adaptation of counters to electricity meters in electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 11/16; computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C-G06J; counting electric pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K; counting characters, words or messages in switching networks for transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 12/08; metering arrangements in telephonic systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04M 15/00)

|  | G06M |
Note(s) This subclass covers: stepping or continuously-moving mechanical counters operated through one or more inputs applied to the lowest order mechanically or electrically; counting systems involving applications of either mechanical, electrical, or electronic counters.

|  | G06M 1/00 |
Design features of general application

|  | G06M 1/02 |
· | Housing (for measuring instruments in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G06M 1/04 |
· | for driving the stage of lowest order (with variable ratio of drive Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M 1/38)

|  | G06M 1/06 |
· · | producing continuous revolution of the stage, e.g. with gear train

|  | G06M 1/08 |
· | for actuating the drive

|  | G06M 1/10 |
· · | by electric or magnetic means

|  | G06M 1/12 |
· · | by fluid means

|  | G06M 1/14 |
· | for transferring a condition from one stage to a higher stage (with variable ratio of transfer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M 1/38)

|  | G06M 1/16 |
· · | self-operating, e.g. by Geneva mechanism

|  | G06M 1/18 |
· · | requiring external operation, e.g. by electromagnetic force

|  | G06M 1/20 |
· · | specially adapted for denominations with unequal numbers in each stage, e.g. degrees and minutes of angle

|  | G06M 1/22 |
· | for visual indication of the result of count on counting mechanisms, e.g. by window with magnifying lens

|  | G06M 1/24 |
· · | Drums; Dials; Pointers

|  | G06M 1/26 |
· · | Aligning means

|  | G06M 1/27 |
· | for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum

|  | G06M 1/272 |
· · | using photoelectric means

|  | G06M 1/274 |
· · | using magnetic means; using Hall-effect devices

|  | G06M 1/276 |
· · | using mechanically-actuated contacts

|  | G06M 1/28 |
· | for zeroising or setting to a particular value

|  | G06M 1/30 |
· · | using heart-shaped or similar cams; using levers

|  | G06M 1/32 |
· · · | Actuating means, e.g. magnet, spring, weight

|  | G06M 1/34 |
· · | using reset shafts

|  | G06M 1/36 |
· · · | Actuating means, e.g. magnet, spring, weight

|  | G06M 1/38 |
· | for varying ratio of drive or transfer mechanism, e.g. by using alternative counting trains

|  | G06M 3/00 |
Counters with additional facilities (generating electric pulses at random intervals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/84)

|  | G06M 3/02 |
· | for performing an operation at a predetermined value of the count, e.g. arresting a machine

|  | G06M 3/04 |
· · | with an additional counter train operating in the reverse direction

|  | G06M 3/06 |
· | for printing or separately displaying result of count (display systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09)

|  | G06M 3/08 |
· | for counting the input from several sources; for counting inputs of different amounts

|  | G06M 3/10 |
· | for counting denominations with unequal numbers in each stage, e.g. degrees and minutes of angle (transfer mechanism therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M 1/20)

|  | G06M 3/12 |
· | for preventing incorrect actuation, e.g. for preventing falsification

|  | G06M 3/14 |
· | for registering difference of positive and negative actuations

|  | G06M 7/00 - G06M 11/00 |
Counting of objects (in machines for making cigarettes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A24C 5/32; in machines for shaping metal without removing material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 51/00; in printing machines or presses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F 33/02; in office copying machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 39/02; of axles of rail vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61L 1/16; in packaging machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B 65/08; of objects conveyed through a pipe or tube Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 51/36; entry or exit registers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C 9/00)

|  | G06M 7/00 |
Counting of objects carried by a conveyer

|  | G06M 7/02 |
· | wherein objects ahead of the sensing element are separated to produce a distinct gap between successive objects

|  | G06M 7/04 |
· · | Counting of piece goods, e.g. of boxes

|  | G06M 7/06 |
· · | Counting of flat articles, e.g. of sheets of paper

|  | G06M 7/08 |
· | wherein the direction of movement of the objects is changed at the station where they are sensed

|  | G06M 7/10 |
· · | Counting of flat overlapped articles, e.g. of cards

|  | G06M 9/00 |
Counting of objects in a stack thereof

|  | G06M 9/02 |
· | by using a rotating separator incorporating pneumatic suction nozzles

|  | G06M 11/00 |
Counting of objects distributed at random, e.g. on a surface

|  | G06M 11/02 |
· | using an electron beam scanning a surface line by line, e.g. of blood cells on a substrate

|  | G06M 11/04 |
· · | with provision for distinguishing between different sizes of objects (investigating particle size in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/00)