|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

ENGINES OR PUMPS

|  | F01 - F42 |
Note(s) Guide to the use of this subsection (classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump; "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa; "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa; "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear; "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action; "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments; "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear; "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby; "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section; "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa; "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam; "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible; "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded; "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Mmachines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". In this subsection: cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned: the principle which resides in their elaboration, the classifying characteristics which they call for, and their complementarity. Principle This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here. Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass. Subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned. This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses. Thus, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C. Characteristics The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: Machines; engines; pumps. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: Positive displacement; non-positive displacement. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid. Complementarity This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid. The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table: It is seen from this table that: For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

|  | F01 |
MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02; machines for liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES

|  | F01C |
ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES (internal-combustion aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 53/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 55/00)

|  | F01C |
Note(s) This subclass covers: rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam; rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for liquids and elastic fluids; rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for elastic fluids; rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for liquids and elastic fluids. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "rotary-piston machine" includes the German expressions "Drehkolbenmaschinen", "Kreiskolbenmaschinen", and "Umlaufkolbenmaschinen". Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01, especially as regards the definitions of "rotary-piston machine", "oscillating-piston machine", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal-axis".

|  | F01C |
Subclass index
MACHINES OR ENGINES |
With rotary pistons | 1/00 - 7/00
With oscillating pistons | 9/00
COMBINATIONS OR ADAPTATIONS OF MACHINES OR ENGINES | 11/00, 13/00
DRIVE OF CO-OPERATING MEMBERS; SEALING ARRANGEMENTS | 17/00; 19/00
OTHER DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES | 21/00

|  | F01C 1/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or engines (with axes of co-operating members non-parallel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 3/00; with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 5/00; with fluid ring or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 7/00; rotary-piston machines or engines in which the working fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B 13/00)

|  | F01C 1/02 - F01C 1/28 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/30 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/02-F01C 1/28.

|  | F01C 1/02 |
· | of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents

|  | F01C 1/04 |
· · | of internal-axis type

|  | F01C 1/06 |
· · | of other than internal-axis type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/063 takes precedence)

|  | F01C 1/063 |
· · | with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them [3]

|  | F01C 1/067 |
· · · | having cam-and-follower type drive [3]

|  | F01C 1/07 |
· · · | having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive [3]

|  | F01C 1/073 |
· · · | having pawl-and-ratchet type drive [3]

|  | F01C 1/077 |
· · · | having toothed-gearing type drive [3]

|  | F01C 1/08 |
· | of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing

|  | F01C 1/10 |
· · | of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member

|  | F01C 1/107 |
· · · | with helical teeth [3]

|  | F01C 1/113 |
· · · | the inner member carrying rollers intermeshing with the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/12 |
· · | of other than internal-axis type

|  | F01C 1/14 |
· · · | with toothed rotary pistons

|  | F01C 1/16 |
· · · · | with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type

|  | F01C 1/18 |
· · · · | with similar tooth forms (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/16 takes precedence)

|  | F01C 1/20 |
· · · · | with dissimilar tooth forms (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/16 takes precedence)

|  | F01C 1/22 |
· | of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member

|  | F01C 1/24 |
· | of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions

|  | F01C 1/26 |
· · | of internal-axis type

|  | F01C 1/28 |
· · | of other than internal-axis type

|  | F01C 1/30 |
· | having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members

|  | F01C 1/32 |
· · | having both the movement defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members

|  | F01C 1/324 |
· · · | with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/328 |
· · · · | and hinged to the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/332 |
· · · | with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member [3]

|  | F01C 1/336 |
· · · · | and hinged to the inner member [3]

|  | F01C 1/34 |
· · | having the movement defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/08 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members

|  | F01C 1/344 |
· · · | with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member [3]

|  | F01C 1/348 |
· · · · | the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member [3]

|  | F01C 1/352 |
· · · · | the vanes being pivoted on the axis of the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/356 |
· · · | with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/36 |
· · | having both the movements defined in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/22 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/24

|  | F01C 1/38 |
· · | having the movement defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/02 and having a hinged member (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/32 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F01C 1/39 |
· · · | with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 1/40 |
· · | having the movement defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/08 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/22 and having a hinged member

|  | F01C 1/44 |
· · · | with vanes hinged to the inner member [3]

|  | F01C 1/46 |
· · · | with vanes hinged to the outer member [3]

|  | F01C 3/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or engines with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members (with the working-chamber walls being at least partly resiliently deformable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 5/00)

|  | F01C 3/02 |
· | the axes being arranged at an angle of 90°

|  | F01C 3/04 |
· · | with axially-sliding vanes

|  | F01C 3/06 |
· | the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90°

|  | F01C 3/08 |
· · | of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing

|  | F01C 5/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or engines with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable

|  | F01C 5/02 |
· | the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the inner member, e.g. of a rotary piston

|  | F01C 5/04 |
· | the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the outer member, e.g. of a housing

|  | F01C 5/06 |
· | the resiliently-deformable wall being a separate member

|  | F01C 5/08 |
· · | of tubular form, e.g. hose

|  | F01C 7/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or engines with fluid ring or the like

|  | F01C 9/00 |
Oscillating-piston machines or engines

|  | F01C 11/00 |
Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 13/00 takes precedence; combinations of two or more pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04; fluid gearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H)

|  | F01C 13/00 |
Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for these devices)

|  | F01C 13/02 |
· | for driving hand-held tools or the like

|  | F01C 13/04 |
· | for driving pumps or compressors

|  | F01C 17/00 |
Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing

|  | F01C 17/02 |
· | of toothed-gearing type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/077 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F01C 17/04 |
· | of cam-and-follower type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/067 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F01C 17/06 |
· | using cranks, universal joints, or similar elements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 1/07 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F01C 19/00 |
Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines (sealings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J)

|  | F01C 19/02 |
· | Radially-movable sealings for working fluids

|  | F01C 19/04 |
· · | of rigid material

|  | F01C 19/06 |
· · | of resilient material

|  | F01C 19/08 |
· | Axially-movable sealings for working fluids

|  | F01C 19/10 |
· | Sealings for working fluids between radially and axially movable parts

|  | F01C 19/12 |
· | for other than working fluid

|  | F01C 21/00 |
Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups

|  | F01C 21/02 |
· | Arrangements of bearings (bearing constructions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | F01C 21/04 |
· | Lubrication (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M)

|  | F01C 21/06 |
· | Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P); Heat insulation (heat insulation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L)

|  | F01C 21/08 |
· | Rotary pistons (reciprocating pistons in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J)

|  | F01C 21/10 |
· | Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings (casings for rotary engines or machines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16M)

|  | F01C 21/12 |
· | Control of working-fluid admission or discharge (suitable for more general application Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L)

|  | F01C 21/14 |
· · | for variable fluid distribution

|  | F01C 21/16 |
· | Other regulation or control