|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SHAPING

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) This class covers: operations not provided for in any other class; combinations of operations covered by different subclasses of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, which combinations are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single subclass; features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. The said subclass covers such features, in general, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features classified in the subclass for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to subclasses relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the subclasses in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "metal-working" covers the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise; "kind of operations" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding; "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe); "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe; "different machines" covers different forms of machines for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B23P |
OTHER WORKING OF METAL; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS (arrangements for copying or controlling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | B23P |
Note(s) This subclass does not cover non-mechanical operations on non-metallic materials unless such operations are specially mentioned in this subclass. In this subclass, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combined operations" excludes the assembling of parts if it is an essential feature of the next metal-working operation, since it is not regarded as an operation per se; "working of metal" and equivalent expressions include non-mechanical treatment of metal so far as it is not provided for in any other class or subclass, for example, in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23. Thus, combinations of such non-mechanical treatment with other metal-working are classified in this subclass. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23.

|  | B23P |
Subclass index
MISCELLANEOUS METAL-WORKING PROCESSES |
Setting of diamonds | 5/00
Reconditioning; finishing | 6/00; 9/00
Connecting or disconnecting | 11/00, 19/00, 21/00
Other processes | 6/00, 13/00, 15/00, 17/00
Auxiliary treatments | 25/00
COMBINED PROCESSES; MULTI-PURPOSE MACHINES |
Reconditioning; finishing | 6/00; 9/00
Other combined operations | 6/00, 23/00
Auxiliary treatments | 25/00

|  | B23P 5/00 |
Setting gems or the like on metal parts, e.g. diamonds on tools

|  | B23P 6/00 |
Restoring or reconditioning objects (straightening or restoring form of sheet metal, metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 3/00; repairing defective or damaged objects by casting techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 19/10; procedures or apparatus covered by a single other subclass, see the relevant subclass) [3]

|  | B23P 6/02 |
· | Pistons or cylinders [3]

|  | B23P 6/04 |
· | Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings [3]

|  | B23P 9/00 |
Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings (treatment covered by a single other subclass, see the relevant subclass, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22F 1/00); Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified

|  | B23P 9/02 |
· | Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 9/04 takes precedence)

|  | B23P 9/04 |
· | Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure

|  | B23P 11/00 |
Connecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not covered wholly by either Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K (connecting sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 39/00; hand tools for connecting wire or strip Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25B 25/00; connecting metal parts by adhesives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16B 11/00)

|  | B23P 11/02 |
· | by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits

|  | B23P 13/00 |
Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass (making specific objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/00)

|  | B23P 13/02 |
· | in which only the machining operations are important

|  | B23P 13/04 |
· | involving slicing of profiled material

|  | B23P 15/00 |
Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass

|  | B23P 15/00 |
Note(s) This group covers only the objects covered by its subgroups.

|  | B23P 15/02 |
· | turbine or like blades from one piece

|  | B23P 15/04 |
· | turbine or like blades from several pieces

|  | B23P 15/06 |
· | piston rings from one piece

|  | B23P 15/08 |
· | piston rings from several pieces

|  | B23P 15/10 |
· | pistons

|  | B23P 15/12 |
· | gratings

|  | B23P 15/14 |
· | gear parts, e.g. gear wheels

|  | B23P 15/16 |
· | plates with holes of very small diameter e.g. for spinning or burner nozzles

|  | B23P 15/18 |
· | brake shoes

|  | B23P 15/20 |
· | railroad requirements, e.g. buffers

|  | B23P 15/22 |
· | cartridges or like shells

|  | B23P 15/24 |
· | dies (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 3/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 25/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 37/20 take precedence)

|  | B23P 15/26 |
· | heat exchangers

|  | B23P 15/28 |
· | cutting tools (sawing tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D 63/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D 65/00; files or rasps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D 73/00)

|  | B23P 15/30 |
· · | lathes or like tools

|  | B23P 15/32 |
· · | twist-drills

|  | B23P 15/34 |
· · | milling cutters

|  | B23P 15/36 |
· · · | for thread cutting

|  | B23P 15/38 |
· · | planing or slotting tools (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/30 takes precedence)

|  | B23P 15/40 |
· · | shearing tools

|  | B23P 15/42 |
· · | broaching tools

|  | B23P 15/44 |
· · | scraping or shaving tools

|  | B23P 15/46 |
· · | reaming tools

|  | B23P 15/48 |
· · | threading tools (milling cutters for thread-cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/36)

|  | B23P 15/50 |
· · · | dies

|  | B23P 15/52 |
· · · | taps

|  | B23P 17/00 |
Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass

|  | B23P 17/02 |
· | Single metal-working processes; Machines or apparatus therefor

|  | B23P 17/04 |
· | characterised by the nature of the material involved or the kind of product independently of its shape

|  | B23P 17/06 |
· · | Making steel wool or the like

|  | B23P 19/00 |
Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation (connecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 11/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K); Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes (hand tools in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25) [3]

|  | B23P 19/02 |
· | for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same

|  | B23P 19/04 |
· | for assembling or disassembling parts

|  | B23P 19/06 |
· · | Screw or nut setting or loosening machines

|  | B23P 19/08 |
· · | Machines for placing washers, circlips, or the like on bolts or other members

|  | B23P 21/00 |
Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control

|  | B23P 23/00 |
Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass (if the particular kinds of operation are not essential Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 37/00-B23Q 41/00; features relating to operations covered by a single subclass, see the relevant subclass for the operation)

|  | B23P 23/02 |
· | Machine tools for performing different machining operations (lathes, e.g. capstan lathes, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B; combined horizontal boring and milling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/02)

|  | B23P 23/04 |
· | for both machining and other metal-working operations

|  | B23P 23/06 |
· | Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus

|  | B23P 25/00 |
Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress