|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SHAPING

|  | B22 |
CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

|  | B22D |
CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES (shaping of plastics or substances in a plastic state Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C; metallurgical processing, selection of substances to be added to metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22)

|  | B22D |
Note(s) In this subclass, any material to be cast is referred to as metal.

|  | B22D |
Subclass index
PRELIMINARY TREATMENTS | 1/00
INDICATING OR MEASURING | 2/00
GENERAL CASTING PROCESSES; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR |
Centrifugal casting | 13/00
Pressure die casting or injection die casting | 17/00
Pressure casting, vacuum casting | 18/00
Other processes | 15/00, 23/00
CASTING CHARACTERISED BY THE PRODUCTS |
Pig casting | 3/00, 5/00
Ingot casting | 7/00, 9/00
Continuous casting | 11/00
Casting in, on, or around objects | 19/00
Casting for other specified purposes | 25/00
CASTING PARTICULAR METALS | 21/00
AFTER-TREATMENTS |
Of non-solidified metal | 27/00
Removing from moulds | 29/00
Cooling | 30/00
Cutting-off surplus material | 31/00
OTHER EQUIPMENT |
For handling, for supplying | 29/00, 33/00, 35/00, 37/00, 39/00, 41/00
For cleaning | 43/00
For other purposes | 45/00
CONTROLLING OR SUPERVISING | 46/00
CASTING PLANTS | 47/00

|  | B22D 1/00 |
Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting (features relating to gas injection, provided on closures of the sliding-gate type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/42, provided on pouring-nozzles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/58)

|  | B22D 2/00 |
Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass [3]

|  | B22D 3/00 - B22D 5/00 |
Casting of pigs, i.e. metal castings suitable for subsequently melting; Similar casting

|  | B22D 3/00 |
Pig or like casting (equipment for conveying molten metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 35/00)

|  | B22D 3/02 |
· | Moulding of beds

|  | B22D 5/00 |
Machines or plants for pig or like casting

|  | B22D 5/02 |
· | with rotary casting tables

|  | B22D 5/04 |
· | with endless casting conveyers

|  | B22D 7/00 - B22D 9/00 |
Casting of ingots, i.e. metal castings suitable for subsequently rolling or forging

|  | B22D 7/00 |
Casting ingots (equipment for conveying molten metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 35/00)

|  | B22D 7/02 |
· | Casting compound ingots of two or more different metals in the molten state, i.e. integrally cast

|  | B22D 7/04 |
· | Casting hollow ingots

|  | B22D 7/06 |
· | Ingot moulds or their manufacture

|  | B22D 7/08 |
· · | Divided ingot moulds

|  | B22D 7/10 |
· · | Hot tops therefor

|  | B22D 7/12 |
· | Accessories, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing

|  | B22D 9/00 |
Machines or plants for casting ingots

|  | B22D 11/00 - B22D 27/00 |
Particular casting processes; Machines or apparatus therefor

|  | B22D 11/00 |
Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths (metal drawing, metal extruding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C)

|  | B22D 11/01 |
· | without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces [2]

|  | B22D 11/04 |
· | into open-ended moulds, e.g. the moulds having oscillating walls (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/07 take precedence) [3]

|  | B22D 11/06 |
· | into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/07 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B22D 11/07 |
· | Lubricating the moulds [3]

|  | B22D 11/08 |
· | Accessories for starting the casting procedure

|  | B22D 11/10 |
· | Accessories for supplying or treating molten metal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/00 takes precedence)

|  | B22D 11/12 |
· | Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ (rolling immediately subsequent to continuous casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 1/46, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 13/22) [3]

|  | B22D 11/124 |
· · | for cooling [2]

|  | B22D 11/126 |
· · | for cutting [2]

|  | B22D 11/128 |
· · | for removing [2]

|  | B22D 11/14 |
· | Plants for continuous casting

|  | B22D 11/16 |
· | Controlling or regulating processes or operations [2]

|  | B22D 11/18 |
· · | for pouring (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/20 takes precedence) [4]

|  | B22D 11/20 |
· · | for removing cast stock [4]

|  | B22D 11/22 |
· · | for cooling cast stock or mould [4]

|  | B22D 13/00 |
Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force

|  | B22D 13/02 |
· | of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis

|  | B22D 13/04 |
· | of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry

|  | B22D 13/06 |
· | of solid or hollow bodies in moulds rotating around an axis arranged outside of the mould

|  | B22D 13/08 |
· | in which a stationary mould is fed from a rotating mass of liquid metal

|  | B22D 13/10 |
· | Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings (making or lining moulds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22C)

|  | B22D 13/12 |
· | Controlling, supervising, specially adapted to centrifugal casting, e.g. for safety reasons (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [3]

|  | B22D 15/00 |
Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor

|  | B22D 15/02 |
· | of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects

|  | B22D 15/04 |
· | Machines or apparatus for chill casting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 15/02 takes precedence)

|  | B22D 17/00 |
Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure [3]

|  | B22D 17/02 |
· | Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted

|  | B22D 17/04 |
· · | Plunger machines

|  | B22D 17/06 |
· · | Air injection machines

|  | B22D 17/08 |
· | Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled

|  | B22D 17/10 |
· · | with horizontal press motion

|  | B22D 17/12 |
· · | with vertical press motion

|  | B22D 17/14 |
· | Machines with evacuated die cavity

|  | B22D 17/16 |
· | specially adapted for casting slide fasteners or elements therefor

|  | B22D 17/18 |
· | Machines built up from units providing for different combinations

|  | B22D 17/20 |
· | Accessories; Details

|  | B22D 17/22 |
· · | Dies (manufacture, see the appropriate class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/24); Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies

|  | B22D 17/24 |
· · · | Accessories for locating and holding cores or inserts

|  | B22D 17/26 |
· · | Mechanisms or devices for locking or opening dies

|  | B22D 17/28 |
· · | Melting pots

|  | B22D 17/30 |
· · | Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations

|  | B22D 17/32 |
· · | Controlling equipment

|  | B22D 18/00 |
Pressure casting; Vacuum casting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 17/00 takes precedence; treating the metal in the mould by using pressure or vacuum Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 27/00) [3]

|  | B22D 18/02 |
· | Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressing devices, e.g. cast-forging (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 18/04 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B22D 18/04 |
· | Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould [3]

|  | B22D 18/06 |
· | Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould [3]

|  | B22D 18/08 |
· | Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [3]

|  | B22D 19/00 |
Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 23/04 takes precedence; alumino-thermic welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 23/00; coating by casting molten material on the substrate Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C 6/00)

|  | B22D 19/02 |
· | for making reinforced articles (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 19/14 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B22D 19/04 |
· | for joining parts

|  | B22D 19/06 |
· | for manufacturing or repairing tools

|  | B22D 19/08 |
· | for building up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal

|  | B22D 19/10 |
· | Repairing defective or damaged objects by metal casting techniques (by other techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 6/04)

|  | B22D 19/12 |
· | for making objects, e.g. hinges, with parts which are movable relatively to one another

|  | B22D 19/14 |
· | the objects being filamentary or particulate in form [3]

|  | B22D 19/16 |
· | for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills (casting compound ingots Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 7/02) [3]

|  | B22D 21/00 |
Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor

|  | B22D 21/02 |
· | Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere (apparatus for vaccum casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 18/00; use of inert atmosphere in casting metals in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 23/00)

|  | B22D 21/04 |
· · | Casting aluminium or magnesium

|  | B22D 21/06 |
· | Casting non-ferrous metals with a high melting-point, e.g. metallic carbides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 21/02 takes precedence)

|  | B22D 23/00 |
Casting processes not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 1/00-B22D 21/00 (making metallic powder by casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22F 9/08; alumino-thermic welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 23/00; remelting metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 9/16)

|  | B22D 23/02 |
· | Top casting

|  | B22D 23/04 |
· | Casting by dipping (hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C 2/00)

|  | B22D 23/06 |
· | Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould

|  | B22D 23/10 |
· · | Electroslag casting [5]

|  | B22D 25/00 |
Special casting characterised by the nature of the product (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 15/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 17/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 19/00 take precedence; casting stereotype plates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41D 3/00) [2]

|  | B22D 25/02 |
· | by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art

|  | B22D 25/04 |
· · | Casting metal electric battery plates or the like (manufacture thereof by multi-step processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M 4/82) [2]

|  | B22D 25/06 |
· | by its physical properties (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 27/00 takes precedence)

|  | B22D 25/08 |
· · | by uniform hardness (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 15/00 takes precedence)

|  | B22D 27/00 |
Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 7/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 18/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 43/00 take precedence) [3]

|  | B22D 27/02 |
· | Use of electric or magnetic effects

|  | B22D 27/04 |
· | Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould

|  | B22D 27/06 |
· · | Heating the top discard of ingots (hot tops for ingot moulds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 7/10)

|  | B22D 27/08 |
· | Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds

|  | B22D 27/09 |
· | by using pressure [3]

|  | B22D 27/11 |
· · | making use of mechanical pressing devices [3]

|  | B22D 27/13 |
· · | making use of gas pressure [3]

|  | B22D 27/15 |
· | by using vacuum [3]

|  | B22D 27/18 |
· | Measures for using chemical processes for influencing the surface composition of castings, e.g. for increasing resistance to acid attack

|  | B22D 27/20 |
· | Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor

|  | B22D 29/00 - B22D 31/00 |
Final measures after casting (cleaning of castings by sand-blasting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24C)

|  | B22D 29/00 |
Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots [2]

|  | B22D 29/02 |
· | Vibratory apparatus specially designed for shaking out flasks

|  | B22D 29/04 |
· | Handling or stripping castings or ingots (grippers in general, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C)

|  | B22D 29/06 |
· · | Strippers actuated by fluid pressure

|  | B22D 29/08 |
· · | Strippers actuated mechanically [2]

|  | B22D 30/00 |
Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group (accessories for cooling cast stock in continuous casting of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/124; controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould in continuous casting of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/22; chill casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 15/00) [5]

|  | B22D 31/00 |
Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates

|  | B22D 33/00 - B22D 45/00 |
Other equipment for casting (arrangement of indicating or measuring devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 2/00) [3]

|  | B22D 33/00 |
Equipment for handling moulds

|  | B22D 33/02 |
· | Turning or transposing moulds

|  | B22D 33/04 |
· | Bringing together or separating moulds

|  | B22D 33/06 |
· | Burdening or relieving moulds

|  | B22D 35/00 |
Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 37/00-B22D 41/00 take precedence; specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups)

|  | B22D 35/02 |
· | into beds

|  | B22D 35/04 |
· | into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners

|  | B22D 35/06 |
· | Heating or cooling equipment

|  | B22D 37/00 |
Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 39/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/00 take precedence; specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups of this subclass) [3,5]

|  | B22D 39/00 |
Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations (specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups of this subclass)

|  | B22D 39/02 |
· | having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume [3]

|  | B22D 39/04 |
· | having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by weight [3]

|  | B22D 39/06 |
· | having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by controlling the pressure above the molten metal [3]

|  | B22D 41/00 |
Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 39/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 43/00 take precedence) [5]

|  | B22D 41/005 |
· | with heating or cooling means [5]

|  | B22D 41/01 |
· · | Heating means [5]

|  | B22D 41/015 |
· · · | with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle [5]

|  | B22D 41/02 |
· | Linings

|  | B22D 41/04 |
· | tiltable

|  | B22D 41/05 |
· · | Tea-pot spout ladles [5]

|  | B22D 41/06 |
· | Equipment for tilting

|  | B22D 41/08 |
· | for bottom pouring (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/50 take precedence)

|  | B22D 41/12 |
· | Travelling ladles or similar containers; Cars for ladles (casting cranes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66C)

|  | B22D 41/14 |
· | Closures [5]

|  | B22D 41/16 |
· · | stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening [5]

|  | B22D 41/18 |
· · · | Stopper-rods therefor [5]

|  | B22D 41/20 |
· · · | Stopper-rod operating equipment [5]

|  | B22D 41/22 |
· · | sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings [5]

|  | B22D 41/24 |
· · · | characterised by a rectilinearly movable plate (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence) [5]

|  | B22D 41/26 |
· · · | characterised by a rotatively movable plate (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence) [5]

|  | B22D 41/28 |
· · · | Plates therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence) [5]

|  | B22D 41/30 |
· · · · | Manufacturing or repairing thereof [5]

|  | B22D 41/32 |
· · · · · | characterised by the materials used therefor [5]

|  | B22D 41/34 |
· · · · | Supporting, fixing or centering means therefor [5]

|  | B22D 41/36 |
· · · · | Treating the plates, e.g. lubricating, heating (ladles, cups or the like with heating means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 41/01) [5]

|  | B22D 41/38 |
· · · | Means for operating the sliding gate [5]

|  | B22D 41/40 |
· · · | Means for pressing the plates together [5]

|  | B22D 41/42 |
· · · | Features relating to gas injection [5]

|  | B22D 41/44 |
· · | Consumable closure means, i.e. closure means being used only once [5]

|  | B22D 41/46 |
· · · | Refractory plugging masses [5]

|  | B22D 41/48 |
· · · | Meltable closures [5]

|  | B22D 41/50 |
· | Pouring-nozzles [5]

|  | B22D 41/52 |
· · | Manufacturing or repairing thereof [5]

|  | B22D 41/54 |
· · · | characterised by the materials used therefor [5]

|  | B22D 41/56 |
· · | Means for supporting, manipulating or changing a pouring-nozzle [5]

|  | B22D 41/58 |
· · | with gas injecting means [5]

|  | B22D 41/60 |
· · | with heating or cooling means [5]

|  | B22D 41/62 |
· · | with stirring or vibrating means [5]

|  | B22D 43/00 |
Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals

|  | B22D 45/00 |
Equipment for casting, not otherwise provided for

|  | B22D 46/00 |
Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [3]

|  | B22D 47/00 |
Casting plants

|  | B22D 47/02 |
· | for both moulding and casting