|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G04 |
HOROLOGY

|  | G04B |
MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME-PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON, OR STARS (spring- or weight-driven mechanisms in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03G; electromechanical clocks or watches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C; electromechanical clocks with attached or built-in means operating any device at preselected times or after predetermined time intervals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 23/00; clocks or watches with stop devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04F 7/08)

|  | G04B |
Note(s) This subclass covers mechanically-driven calendar clocks or clockwork calendars, and the mechanical part of such clocks or calendars.

|  | G04B |
Subclass index
DRIVING MECHANISM | 1/00
WINDING |
Normal; automatic; combined | 3/00; 5/00; 7/00
Supervision; winding parts | 9/00; 11/00
CLOCK MOVEMENT |
Escapement; frequency stabiliser; setting frequency gearwork; adjusting thereof | 15/00; 17/00; 18/00; 13/00; 35/00
TIME INDICATING | 19/00, 21/00, 23/00, 25/00
TIME SETTING | 27/00
FRAMEWORKS; SUPPORTS; CALIBERS | 29/00; 31/00; 33/00
PROTECTION OF CLOCKWORK |
Cases; crystals, glasses; other protection means | 37/00; 39/00; 41/00, 43/00
UNUSUAL CLOCKS | 45/00, 47/00, 49/00

|  | G04B 1/00 |
Driving mechanisms

|  | G04B 1/00 |
Driving mechanisms

|  | G04B 1/02 |
· | with driving weight

|  | G04B 1/04 |
· · | Mechanisms in which the clockwork acts as the driving weight

|  | G04B 1/06 |
· · | with several weights

|  | G04B 1/08 |
· · | Driving weights; Chains; Chain wheels; Arbors for chain wheels

|  | G04B 1/10 |
· | with mainspring

|  | G04B 1/12 |
· · | with several mainsprings

|  | G04B 1/14 |
· · | Mainsprings; Bridles therefor (mainsprings with bridles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/18; alloys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C; springs in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16F)

|  | G04B 1/16 |
· · | Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles (arrangements facilitating the removal of the mainspring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 33/14)

|  | G04B 1/18 |
· · | Constructions for connecting the ends of mainsprings with the barrel or the arbor

|  | G04B 1/20 |
· · · | Protecting arrangements against rupture or overwinding of the mainspring located in the barrel or attached to the barrel (in connection with keys or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/10; in connection with automatic winding devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 5/24)

|  | G04B 1/22 |
· · | Compensation of changes in the motive power of the mainspring (by mechanical shaping of the mainspring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/14)

|  | G04B 1/24 |
· | with both mainsprings and driving weights

|  | G04B 1/26 |
· | driven by liquids or gases; Liquid or gaseous drives for mechanically-controlled secondary clocks

|  | G04B 3/00 - G04B 11/00 |
Winding

|  | G04B 3/00 |
Normal winding of clockworks by hand or mechanically; Winding-up several mainsprings or driving weights simultaneously

|  | G04B 3/02 |
· | Removably-mounted keys or the like

|  | G04B 3/04 |
· | Rigidly-mounted keys, knobs, or crowns (divided winding stems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 37/06)

|  | G04B 3/06 |
· | Keys or the like with means preventing overwinding (protecting devices arranged in, or attached to, the barrel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/20; in connection with automatic winding devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 5/24)

|  | G04B 3/08 |
· | by parts of the cases

|  | G04B 3/10 |
· · | Protecting means preventing overwinding (arranged in, or attached to, the barrel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/20; in connection with keys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/06; in connection with automatic winding devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 5/24)

|  | G04B 3/12 |
· | by mechanical means, e.g. pneumatic motor (winding-up with electric or electromechanical means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C)

|  | G04B 5/00 |
Automatic winding-up

|  | G04B 5/02 |
· | by self-winding caused by movement of the watch

|  | G04B 5/04 |
· · | by oscillating weights the movement of which is limited

|  | G04B 5/06 |
· · · | acting in one direction only

|  | G04B 5/08 |
· · · | acting in both directions

|  | G04B 5/10 |
· · | by oscillating weights the movement of which is not limited

|  | G04B 5/12 |
· · · | acting in one direction only

|  | G04B 5/14 |
· · · | acting in both directions

|  | G04B 5/16 |
· · | Construction of the weights

|  | G04B 5/18 |
· · | Supports, suspensions, or guide arrangements, for oscillating weights

|  | G04B 5/19 |
· · · | Suspension of the oscillating weight at its centre of rotation [3]

|  | G04B 5/20 |
· | by movements of other objects, e.g. by opening hand-bag, by opening case, by opening door; Winding-up by wind power

|  | G04B 5/22 |
· | by thermometric, barometric, or like effects or alterations

|  | G04B 5/24 |
· | Protecting means preventing overwinding (arranged in, or attached to, the barrel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/20; in connection with keys or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/06; in connection with parts of the cases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/10)

|  | G04B 7/00 |
Combined normal and automatic winding-up

|  | G04B 9/00 |
Supervision of the state of winding, e.g. indicating the amount of winding

|  | G04B 9/02 |
· | Devices controlled by such state, e.g. device affording protection against overwinding (protecting means preventing overwinding arranged in or on the barrel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/20; protecting means in connection with keys or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/06; in connection with parts of the cases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 3/10; in connection with automatic winding devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 5/24)

|  | G04B 11/00 |
Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches

|  | G04B 11/02 |
· | Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction [3]

|  | G04B 11/04 |
· · | Pawl constructions therefor, e.g. pawl secured to an oscillating member actuating a ratchet [3]

|  | G04B 13/00 |
Gearwork

|  | G04B 13/02 |
· | Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots (bearings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 31/00)

|  | G04B 15/00 |
Escapements (electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in electromechanical time-pieces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 5/00)

|  | G04B 15/02 |
· | permanently in contact with the regulating mechanism

|  | G04B 15/04 |
· · | Cylinder escapements

|  | G04B 15/06 |
· | Free escapements

|  | G04B 15/08 |
· · | Lever escapements

|  | G04B 15/10 |
· | with constant impulses for the regulating mechanism

|  | G04B 15/12 |
· | Adjusting (tools therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04D 1/02); Restricting the amplitude of the lever or the like

|  | G04B 15/14 |
· | Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

|  | G04B 17/00 |
Mechanisms for stabilising frequency [3]

|  | G04B 17/02 |
· | Oscillators acting by gravity, e.g. pendulum swinging in a plane

|  | G04B 17/04 |
· | Oscillators acting by spring tension

|  | G04B 17/06 |
· · | Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance

|  | G04B 17/08 |
· · | Oscillators with coil springs stretched and unstretched axially

|  | G04B 17/10 |
· · | Oscillators with torsion strips or with springs acting in the same manner as torsion strips, e.g. weight oscillating in a horizontal plane

|  | G04B 17/20 |
· | Compensation of mechanisms for stabilizing frequency

|  | G04B 17/22 |
· · | for the effect of variations of temperature (alloys independent of variations of temperature Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C)

|  | G04B 17/24 |
· · | for the effect of variations of atmospheric pressure

|  | G04B 17/26 |
· · | for the effect of variations of the impulses

|  | G04B 17/28 |
· · | for the effect of unbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon

|  | G04B 17/30 |
· | Rotating governors, e.g. centrifugal governors, fan governors (for striking mechanism Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 21/06)

|  | G04B 17/32 |
· | Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud

|  | G04B 17/34 |
· · | for fastening the hairspring onto the balance [3]

|  | G04B 18/00 |
Mechanisms for setting frequency [3]

|  | G04B 18/02 |
· | Regulator devices; Indexing devices [3]

|  | G04B 18/04 |
· | Adjusting the beat of the pendulum, balance, or the like, e.g. putting into beat [3]

|  | G04B 18/06 |
· · | by setting the collet or the stud of a hairspring [3]

|  | G04B 18/08 |
· | Component parts or constructional details [3]

|  | G04B 19/00 - G04B 27/00 |
Time indicating

|  | G04B 19/00 |
Indicating by visual means (by electric lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 17/02; display arrangements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09)

|  | G04B 19/02 |
· | Back-gearing arrangements between gear train and hands

|  | G04B 19/04 |
· | Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like

|  | G04B 19/06 |
· | Dials (for time-pieces without clockwork Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 49/04)

|  | G04B 19/08 |
· · | Geometrical arrangement of the graduations

|  | G04B 19/10 |
· · | Ornamental shape of the graduations or the surface of the dial; Attachment of graduations to the dial

|  | G04B 19/12 |
· · | Selection of materials for dials or graduations

|  | G04B 19/14 |
· · | Fastening the dials to the clock or the watch plates

|  | G04B 19/16 |
· · | Shiftable dials, e.g. indicating alternately from 1 to 12 and from 13 to 24

|  | G04B 19/18 |
· · | Graduations on the crystal or glass, on the bezel, or on the rim

|  | G04B 19/20 |
· | Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets

|  | G04B 19/21 |
· · | Drums [3]

|  | G04B 19/22 |
· | Arrangements for indicating different local apparent times; Universal time-pieces

|  | G04B 19/23 |
· · | by means of additional hands or additional pairs of hands [3]

|  | G04B 19/24 |
· | Clocks or watches with date indicators; Clockwork calendars

|  | G04B 19/243 |
· · | characterised by the shape of the date indicator [3]

|  | G04B 19/247 |
· · · | disc-shaped [3]

|  | G04B 19/25 |
· · · · | Devices for setting the date indicators manually [3]

|  | G04B 19/253 |
· · · · | Driving or releasing mechanisms [3]

|  | G04B 19/257 |
· · · | drum-shaped [3]

|  | G04B 19/26 |
· | Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like

|  | G04B 19/28 |
· | Adjustable guide marks or pointers for indicating determined points of time

|  | G04B 19/30 |
· | Illumination of dials or hands

|  | G04B 19/32 |
· · | by luminescent substances

|  | G04B 19/34 |
· | Position of the hands projected optically

|  | G04B 21/00 |
Indicating by acoustic means (at preselected times Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 23/00; by electro-acoustic means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 21/04; sound-producing apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10)

|  | G04B 21/02 |
· | Regular striking mechanisms giving the full hour, half hour, or quarter hour

|  | G04B 21/04 |
· · | Hour wheels; Racks or rakes; Snails or similar control mechanisms

|  | G04B 21/06 |
· · | Details of striking mechanisms, e.g. hammer, fan governor

|  | G04B 21/08 |
· · | Sounding bodies; Whistles; Musical apparatus (with electro-acoustic transmitters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 21/00)

|  | G04B 21/10 |
· · | Releasing or locking the regular stroke, e.g. for silence during the night

|  | G04B 21/12 |
· · | Reiterating watches or clocks

|  | G04B 21/14 |
· · | Winding-up the striking mechanism by the clockwork; Winding-up the clockwork by the striking mechanism

|  | G04B 23/00 |
Arrangements producing acoustic signals at preselected times (metronomes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04F 5/02; sound-producing apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10)

|  | G04B 23/02 |
· | Alarm clocks (electrically-released alarm signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 21/00)

|  | G04B 23/03 |
· · | Alarm signal stop arrangements [3]

|  | G04B 23/04 |
· · | with coarse and fine setting of the preselected time

|  | G04B 23/06 |
· · | adjustable for several preselected times with automatic stopping of the signal

|  | G04B 23/08 |
· · | operating on successive days without resetting; operating only once in each 24 hours

|  | G04B 23/10 |
· · | with presignal; with repeated signal; with changeable intensity of sound

|  | G04B 23/12 |
· · | Alarm watches to be worn in pockets or on the wrist (giving signals by stimulating the skin Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 25/04)

|  | G04B 25/00 |
Indicating the time by other means or by combined means (electric or electromechanical indicating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C)

|  | G04B 25/02 |
· | by feeling; Clocks or watches for blind persons

|  | G04B 25/04 |
· · | Alarm clocks or watches with devices stimulating the skin

|  | G04B 25/06 |
· | by moving figures, e.g. cuckoo-clock, trumpet clock

|  | G04B 27/00 |
Mechanical devices for setting the time-indicating means

|  | G04B 27/02 |
· | by making use of the winding means

|  | G04B 27/04 |
· · | with clutch wheel

|  | G04B 27/06 |
· · | with rocking bar

|  | G04B 27/08 |
· | by using parts of the case

|  | G04B 29/00 - G04B 35/00 |
Frameworks, supports, or arrangements of the clockwork parts in relation to each other, so-called "calibers"

|  | G04B 29/00 |
Frameworks

|  | G04B 29/02 |
· | Plates; Bridges; Cocks

|  | G04B 29/04 |
· | Connecting or supporting parts

|  | G04B 31/00 |
Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor (bearings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | G04B 31/004 |
· | characterised by the material used [3]

|  | G04B 31/008 |
· · | Jewel bearings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 31/04 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G04B 31/012 |
· · | Metallic bearings [3]

|  | G04B 31/016 |
· · | Plastic bearings [3]

|  | G04B 31/02 |
· | Shock-damping bearings

|  | G04B 31/04 |
· · | with jewel hole and cap jewel [3]

|  | G04B 31/06 |
· | Manufacture or mounting processes [3]

|  | G04B 31/08 |
· | Lubrication [3]

|  | G04B 33/00 |
Calibers

|  | G04B 33/02 |
· | Circular calibers

|  | G04B 33/04 |
· | Non-circular calibers

|  | G04B 33/06 |
· | of extremely flat shape

|  | G04B 33/08 |
· | in which the gear train is arranged in different planes, e.g. parallel or inclined to each other (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 33/10 takes precedence)

|  | G04B 33/10 |
· | with seconds hand arranged in the centre of the dial

|  | G04B 33/12 |
· | for extremely-long running times

|  | G04B 33/14 |
· | Calibers of which the mainsprings or barrels are easily removable (mainsprings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/14; barrels, arbors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 1/16)

|  | G04B 33/16 |
· | with arrangements affording protection of the clockwork against damage as a consequence of a rupture of the mainspring

|  | G04B 35/00 |
Adjusting the gear train, e.g. the backlash of the arbors, depth of meshing of the gears

|  | G04B 37/00 - G04B 43/00 |
Protection of the clockwork against damage from outside

|  | G04B 37/00 |
Cases

|  | G04B 37/02 |
· | Evacuated cases; Cases filled with gases or liquids; Cases containing substances for absorbing or binding moisture or dust

|  | G04B 37/04 |
· | Mounting the clockwork in the case; Shock-absorbing mountings

|  | G04B 37/05 |
· · | Fixed mountings for pocket or wrist watches [3]

|  | G04B 37/06 |
· | Forming the passage for the winding stem through the case; Divided winding stems

|  | G04B 37/08 |
· | Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages, or slits

|  | G04B 37/10 |
· · | of winding stems

|  | G04B 37/11 |
· · | of the back cover of pocket or wrist watches [3]

|  | G04B 37/12 |
· | Cases for special purposes, e.g. watch combined with ring, watch combined with button (watch guards or protectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A45C 11/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A45C 11/12; watches combined with cosmetic powder containers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A45D 33/30)

|  | G04B 37/14 |
· | Suspending devices, supports, or stands for time-pieces in so far as they form part of the case (wrist-watch straps, fastening means therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A44C 5/00)

|  | G04B 37/16 |
· · | Fastening the case to the bracelet [3]

|  | G04B 37/18 |
· | for pocket or wrist watches (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 37/02-G04B 37/16 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G04B 37/20 |
· · | with hinged covers or backs [3]

|  | G04B 37/22 |
· | Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases [3]

|  | G04B 39/00 |
Watch crystals; Fastening or sealing crystals; Clock glasses

|  | G04B 39/02 |
· | Sealing crystals or glasses [3]

|  | G04B 41/00 |
Locking or holding devices for pendulums, chimes, or the like, for use during transport

|  | G04B 43/00 |
Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields

|  | G04B 45/00 - G04B 47/00 |
Clocks with unusual features

|  | G04B 45/00 |
Time-pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effect (ornamental shaping of dials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 19/10)

|  | G04B 45/02 |
· | Time-pieces of which the clockwork is visible partly or wholly

|  | G04B 45/04 |
· | Time-pieces with invisible drive, e.g. with hands attached to rotating glass disc

|  | G04B 47/00 |
Time-pieces combined with other articles which do not interfere with the running or the time-keeping of the time-piece (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 37/12 takes precedence; writing or drawing implements with devices for indicating time Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/087; combined with cameras, projectors, or photographic printing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 29/00)

|  | G04B 47/02 |
· | Installations within mirrors, pictures, furniture, or other household articles (combinations with vehicle mirror assemblies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R 1/12)

|  | G04B 47/04 |
· | with attached ornaments or amusement apparatus

|  | G04B 47/06 |
· | with attached measuring instruments, e.g. pedometer, barometer, thermometer, compass

|  | G04B 49/00 |
Time-pieces using the position of the sun, moon, or stars

|  | G04B 49/02 |
· | Sundials

|  | G04B 49/04 |
· · | Graduation or shaping of dials