|  | A |
SECTION A — HUMAN NECESSITIES

FOODSTUFFS; TOBACCO

|  | A23 |
FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES

|  | A23 |
1. Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B | Polysaccharides, derivatives thereof |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11 | Animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12 | Biochemistry, beer, spirits, wine, vinegar |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13 | Sugar industry. [4] |
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]

|  | A23B |
PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS (preserving foodstuffs in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23L 3/00; preserving in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; applying food preservatives in packages Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 81/28)

|  | A23B 4/00 |
General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products [2]

|  | A23B 4/005 |
· | Preserving by heating [5]

|  | A23B 4/01 |
· · | by irradiation or electric treatment [5]

|  | A23B 4/015 |
· | Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect [5]

|  | A23B 4/02 |
· | Preserving by means of inorganic salts (apparatus therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/32) [2]

|  | A23B 4/023 |
· · | by kitchen salt or mixtures thereof with inorganic or organic compounds [5]

|  | A23B 4/027 |
· · | by inorganic salts other than kitchen salt or mixtures thereof with organic compounds, e.g. biochemical compounds [5]

|  | A23B 4/03 |
· | Drying; Subsequent reconstitution [5]

|  | A23B 4/033 |
· · | with addition of chemicals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/037 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A23B 4/037 |
· · | Freeze-drying [5]

|  | A23B 4/044 |
· | Smoking; Smoking devices [5]

|  | A23B 4/048 |
· · | with addition of chemicals other than natural smoke [5]

|  | A23B 4/052 |
· · | Smoke generators [5]

|  | A23B 4/056 |
· · | Smoking combined with irradiation or electric treatment, e.g. electrostatic smoking [5]

|  | A23B 4/06 |
· | Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling [2]

|  | A23B 4/07 |
· · | Thawing subsequent to freezing [5]

|  | A23B 4/08 |
· · | with addition of chemicals before or during cooling [2]

|  | A23B 4/09 |
· · · | with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature [5]

|  | A23B 4/10 |
· | Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor [2]

|  | A23B 4/12 |
· | Preserving with acids; Acid fermentation [2]

|  | A23B 4/14 |
· | Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/02 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/12 [2]

|  | A23B 4/16 |
· · | in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor [5]

|  | A23B 4/18 |
· · | in the form of liquids or solids (apparatus therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/32) [5]

|  | A23B 4/20 |
· · · | Organic compounds; Micro-organisms; Enzymes (acid fermentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 4/12) [5]

|  | A23B 4/22 |
· · · · | Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 4/24 |
· · · | Inorganic compounds [5]

|  | A23B 4/26 |
· | Apparatus for preserving using liquids [5]

|  | A23B 4/28 |
· · | by injection of liquids [5]

|  | A23B 4/30 |
· · | by spraying of liquids [5]

|  | A23B 4/32 |
· | Apparatus for preserving using solids [5]

|  | A23B 5/00 |
Preservation of eggs or egg products (preserving dough or bakery products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21D)

|  | A23B 5/005 |
· | Preserving by heating [5]

|  | A23B 5/01 |
· · | by irradiation or electric treatment [5]

|  | A23B 5/015 |
· | Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect [5]

|  | A23B 5/02 |
· | Drying; Subsequent reconstitution [5]

|  | A23B 5/025 |
· · | with addition of chemicals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 5/03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 5/035 take precedence) [5]

|  | A23B 5/03 |
· · | Freeze-drying [5]

|  | A23B 5/035 |
· · | Spray-drying [5]

|  | A23B 5/04 |
· | Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling

|  | A23B 5/045 |
· · | Thawing subsequent to freezing [5]

|  | A23B 5/05 |
· · | with addition of chemicals [5]

|  | A23B 5/055 |
· · · | with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature [5]

|  | A23B 5/06 |
· | Coating eggs with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor [5]

|  | A23B 5/08 |
· | Preserving with chemicals [5]

|  | A23B 5/10 |
· · | in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor [5]

|  | A23B 5/12 |
· · | in the form of liquids or solids [5]

|  | A23B 5/14 |
· · · | Organic compounds; Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 5/16 |
· · · · | Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 5/18 |
· · · | Inorganic compounds [5]

|  | A23B 5/20 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using liquids [5]

|  | A23B 5/22 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using solids [5]

|  | A23B 7/00 |
Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables [3]

|  | A23B 7/005 |
· | Preserving by heating [5]

|  | A23B 7/01 |
· · | by irradiation or electric treatment [5]

|  | A23B 7/015 |
· | Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect [5]

|  | A23B 7/02 |
· | Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution (dried cooked potatoes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23L 1/216)

|  | A23B 7/022 |
· · | with addition of chemicals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 7/024-A23B 7/028 take precedence) [5]

|  | A23B 7/024 |
· · | Freeze-drying [5]

|  | A23B 7/026 |
· · | Spray-drying [5]

|  | A23B 7/028 |
· · | Thin layer-, drum- or roller-drying [5]

|  | A23B 7/03 |
· · | Drying raw potatoes

|  | A23B 7/04 |
· | Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling

|  | A23B 7/045 |
· · | Thawing subsequent to freezing [5]

|  | A23B 7/05 |
· · | with addition of chemicals [5]

|  | A23B 7/055 |
· · · | with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature [5]

|  | A23B 7/06 |
· | Blanching (machines therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23N 12/00) [3]

|  | A23B 7/08 |
· | Preserving with sugars (marmalade, jam, fruit jellies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23L 1/06)

|  | A23B 7/10 |
· | Preserving with acids; Acid fermentation

|  | A23B 7/12 |
· · | Apparatus for compressing sauerkraut

|  | A23B 7/14 |
· | Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 7/08 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 7/10

|  | A23B 7/144 |
· · | in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor [3,5]

|  | A23B 7/148 |
· · · | in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O [3]

|  | A23B 7/152 |
· · · | in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O [3]

|  | A23B 7/153 |
· · | in the form of liquids or solids [5]

|  | A23B 7/154 |
· · · | Organic compounds; Micro-organisms; Enzymes (acid fermentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 7/10) [5]

|  | A23B 7/155 |
· · · · | Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 7/157 |
· · · | Inorganic compounds [5]

|  | A23B 7/158 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using liquids [5]

|  | A23B 7/159 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using solids [5]

|  | A23B 7/16 |
· | Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23B 7/08 takes precedence) [5]

|  | A23B 9/00 |
Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals

|  | A23B 9/02 |
· | Preserving by heating [5]

|  | A23B 9/04 |
· · | by irradiation or electric treatment [5]

|  | A23B 9/06 |
· | Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect [5]

|  | A23B 9/08 |
· | Drying; Subsequent reconstitution [5]

|  | A23B 9/10 |
· | Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling [5]

|  | A23B 9/12 |
· · | Thawing subsequent to freezing [5]

|  | A23B 9/14 |
· | Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor [5]

|  | A23B 9/16 |
· | Preserving with chemicals [5]

|  | A23B 9/18 |
· · | in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor [5]

|  | A23B 9/20 |
· · · | in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O [5]

|  | A23B 9/22 |
· · · | in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O [5]

|  | A23B 9/24 |
· · | in the form of liquids or solids [5]

|  | A23B 9/26 |
· · · | Organic compounds; Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 9/28 |
· · · · | Micro-organisms; Enzymes [5]

|  | A23B 9/30 |
· · · | Inorganic compounds [5]

|  | A23B 9/32 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using liquids [5]

|  | A23B 9/34 |
· · · | Apparatus for preserving using solids [5]