|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SHAPING

|  | B28 |
WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE

|  | B28B |
SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS, SLAG OR MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER (foundry moulding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22C; working stone or stone-like material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28D; shaping of substances in a plastic state, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C; making layered products not composed wholly of these substances Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; shaping in situ, see the relevant classes of section E)

|  | B28B |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "the material" means: clay or other ceramic compositions; slag; mixtures with water-setting properties given by clay, cementitious material, or slag.

|  | B28B |
Subclass index
PRODUCING ARTICLES |
Shaping articles characterised by method of production, machines therefor | 1/00, 3/00, 5/00
Coating of surfaces | 19/00
APPARATUS OR PROCESSES FOR TREATING OR WORKING ARTICLES | 11/00
MOULDS; AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT | 7/00; 13/00, 17/00
GENERAL LAYOUT OF PLANT | 15/00
PRODUCTION OF TUBULAR OR REINFORCED ARTICLES | 21/00, 23/00

|  | B28B 1/00 |
Producing shaped articles from the material (using presses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 3/00; shaping on moving conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 5/00; producing tubular articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/00)

|  | B28B 1/02 |
· | by turning or jiggering

|  | B28B 1/04 |
· | by tamping or ramming (followed by pressing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 3/02)

|  | B28B 1/08 |
· | by vibrating or jolting

|  | B28B 1/087 |
· · | by means acting on the mould [6]

|  | B28B 1/093 |
· · | by means directly acting on the material, e.g. by cores wholly or partly immersed in the material (internal vibrators for compacting concrete in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 21/08) [6]

|  | B28B 1/10 |
· · | and applying pressure otherwise than by the use of presses

|  | B28B 1/14 |
· | by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted (for molten material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/54)

|  | B28B 1/16 |
· · | for producing layered articles (coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 11/04)

|  | B28B 1/20 |
· | by centrifugal or rotational casting (slip-casting involving rotation of the mould Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/28; for molten material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/54)

|  | B28B 1/24 |
· | by injection moulding

|  | B28B 1/26 |
· | by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/52 takes precedence)

|  | B28B 1/28 |
· · | involving rotation of the mould

|  | B28B 1/29 |
· | by profiling or strickling the material in open moulds or on moulding surfaces

|  | B28B 1/30 |
· | by applying the material on to a core, or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon (to form a permanent layer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 19/00)

|  | B28B 1/32 |
· · | by projecting, e.g. spraying (spraying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D)

|  | B28B 1/34 |
· · · | by centrifugal force

|  | B28B 1/38 |
· · | by dipping (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D)

|  | B28B 1/40 |
· · | by wrapping, e.g. winding

|  | B28B 1/42 |
· · · | using mixtures containing fibres, e.g. for making sheets by slitting the wound layer

|  | B28B 1/44 |
· | by forcing cores into filled moulds for forming hollow articles

|  | B28B 1/48 |
· | by removing material from solid section preforms for forming hollow articles, e.g. by punching or boring

|  | B28B 1/50 |
· | specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete (chemical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | B28B 1/52 |
· | specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres (by wrapping on to mandrels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/42)

|  | B28B 1/54 |
· | specially adapted for producing articles from molten material, e.g. slag (chemical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | B28B 3/00 |
Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses (shaping on moving conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 5/00); Presses specially adapted therefor (presses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B)

|  | B28B 3/02 |
· | wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form

|  | B28B 3/04 |
· · | with one ram per mould (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 3/10 takes precedence)

|  | B28B 3/06 |
· · · | with two or more ram and mould sets

|  | B28B 3/08 |
· · | with two or more rams per mould

|  | B28B 3/10 |
· · | each charge of material being compressed against previously formed body

|  | B28B 3/12 |
· | wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material

|  | B28B 3/14 |
· · | with co-operating pocketed rollers

|  | B28B 3/16 |
· · | with co-operating profiled rollers

|  | B28B 3/18 |
· · | Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring

|  | B28B 3/20 |
· | wherein the material is extruded

|  | B28B 3/22 |
· · | by screw or worm

|  | B28B 3/24 |
· · | by reciprocating plunger

|  | B28B 3/26 |
· · | Extrusion dies

|  | B28B 5/00 |
Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyers irrespective of the manner of shaping (shaping aspects, see the relevant groups)

|  | B28B 5/02 |
· | on conveyers of the endless-belt or chain type (in combination with pressing rollers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 3/12)

|  | B28B 5/04 |
· | in moulds moved in succession past one or more shaping stations (on turntables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 5/06)

|  | B28B 5/06 |
· | in moulds on a turntable

|  | B28B 5/08 |
· · | intermittently rotated

|  | B28B 5/10 |
· | in moulds carried on the circumference of a rotating drum

|  | B28B 5/12 |
· · | intermittently rotated

|  | B28B 7/00 |
Moulds; Cores; Mandrels (specially adapted for the production of tubular articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/00)

|  | B28B 7/02 |
· | Moulds with adjustable parts

|  | B28B 7/04 |
· · | one or more of the parts being pivotally mounted

|  | B28B 7/06 |
· | Moulds with flexible parts

|  | B28B 7/08 |
· | Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting

|  | B28B 7/10 |
· | Moulds with means incorporated therein, or carried thereby, for ejecting the moulded article (devices, not forming part of the mould, for ejecting the moulded article Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 13/06)

|  | B28B 7/12 |
· · | by fluid pressure

|  | B28B 7/14 |
· | Moulds with means incorporated therein, or carried thereby, for cutting the moulded article into parts (cutting means independent of the mould Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 11/14)

|  | B28B 7/16 |
· | Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface

|  | B28B 7/18 |
· · | the holes passing completely through the article

|  | B28B 7/20 |
· | Moulds for making shaped articles with undercut recesses, e.g. dovetails

|  | B28B 7/22 |
· | Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units

|  | B28B 7/24 |
· | Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces

|  | B28B 7/26 |
· | Assemblies of separate moulds

|  | B28B 7/28 |
· | Cores; Mandrels

|  | B28B 7/30 |
· · | adjustable, collapsible, or expanding

|  | B28B 7/32 |
· · · | inflatable (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C 29/00)

|  | B28B 7/34 |
· | Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials (for slip-casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/26)

|  | B28B 7/36 |
· | Linings or coatings (lubricating surfaces of moulds, cores, or mandrels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 7/38)

|  | B28B 7/38 |
· | Treating surfaces of moulds, cores, or mandrels to prevent sticking

|  | B28B 7/40 |
· | characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material [5]

|  | B28B 7/42 |
· · | for heating or cooling, e.g. steam jackets [5]

|  | B28B 7/44 |
· · | for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating [5]

|  | B28B 7/46 |
· · | for humidifying or dehumidifying [5]

|  | B28B 11/00 |
Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped articles (specially adapted for tubular articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/92; decoration or surface treatment in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44; compacting concrete in situ in connection with building Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 21/06; drying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26)

|  | B28B 11/02 |
· | for attaching appendages, e.g. handles, spouts

|  | B28B 11/04 |
· | for coating (glazing, engobing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | B28B 11/06 |
· · | with powdered or granular material

|  | B28B 11/08 |
· | for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads

|  | B28B 11/10 |
· · | by using presses

|  | B28B 11/12 |
· | for removing parts of the articles by cutting

|  | B28B 11/14 |
· | for dividing shaped articles by cutting

|  | B28B 11/16 |
· · | for extrusion

|  | B28B 11/18 |
· | for removing burr

|  | B28B 11/22 |
· | for cleaning

|  | B28B 11/24 |
· | for curing, setting or hardening (processes for influencing or modifying the setting or hardening ability of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 40/00) [6]

|  | B28B 13/00 |
Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus (feeding or discharging devices incorporated in, or operatively associated with, a particular type of shaping apparatus, or specially designed to supply materials to a particular type of shaping apparatus, see the relevant groups for the apparatus)

|  | B28B 13/02 |
· | Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles

|  | B28B 13/04 |
· | Discharging the shaped articles (conveying systems for ceramic mouldings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/08)

|  | B28B 13/06 |
· · | Removing the shaped articles from moulds (by means incorporated in, or carried by, the moulds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 7/10)

|  | B28B 15/00 |
General arrangement or layout of plant

|  | B28B 17/00 |
Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping (moulds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 7/00; after-treatment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 11/00; feeding or discharging Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 13/00; arrangements for embedding elements in the material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 23/00; details, accessories, or auxiliary measures special to any one type of shaping, machine or method of shaping, see the relevant groups for such machines or methods)

|  | B28B 17/02 |
· | Conditioning the material prior to shaping

|  | B28B 17/04 |
· | Exhausting or laying dust

|  | B28B 19/00 |
Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon (making shaped articles on mandrels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 1/30; applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05C; glazing or engobing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B; applying the material to walls or other fixed structures, see the relevant classes of section E)

|  | B28B 21/00 - B28B 23/00 |
Methods, apparatus, or machines, specially adapted for the production of tubular or reinforced articles

|  | B28B 21/00 |
Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles

|  | B28B 21/02 |
· | by casting into moulds

|  | B28B 21/04 |
· · | by simple casting, the material being neither positively compacted nor forcibly fed

|  | B28B 21/06 |
· · | into moulds having sliding parts (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/26 takes precedence; forms, shutterings, or falsework for making rooms as a whole, whole stories, or whole buildings in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 11/02)

|  | B28B 21/08 |
· · | by slip-casting; Moulds therefor

|  | B28B 21/10 |
· · | using compacting means

|  | B28B 21/12 |
· · · | tamping or ramming the material or the mould elements

|  | B28B 21/14 |
· · · | vibrating, e.g. the surface of the material

|  | B28B 21/16 |
· · · · | one or more mould elements

|  | B28B 21/18 |
· · · | using expansible or retractable mould or core elements

|  | B28B 21/20 |
· · · · | using inflatable cores, e.g. having a frame inside the inflatable part of the core (connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C 29/00) [2]

|  | B28B 21/22 |
· · · | using rotatable mould or core parts

|  | B28B 21/24 |
· · · · | using compacting heads, rollers, or the like

|  | B28B 21/26 |
· · · · · | with a packer head serving as a sliding mould or provided with guiding means for feeding the material

|  | B28B 21/28 |
· · · · · | combined with vibration means

|  | B28B 21/30 |
· · · · | Centrifugal moulding

|  | B28B 21/32 |
· · · · · | Feeding the material into the moulds

|  | B28B 21/34 |
· · · · · | combined with vibrating or other additional compacting means

|  | B28B 21/36 |
· · · | applying fluid pressure or vacuum to the material (combined with slip-casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/08)

|  | B28B 21/38 |
· · · · | introducing the material wholly or partly under pressure

|  | B28B 21/40 |
· · · · | by evacuating one or more of the mould parts

|  | B28B 21/42 |
· | by shaping on or against mandrels or like moulding surfaces

|  | B28B 21/44 |
· · | by projecting, e.g. spraying

|  | B28B 21/46 |
· · | by dipping

|  | B28B 21/48 |
· · | by wrapping, e.g. winding

|  | B28B 21/50 |
· · | Details of compression or compacting means

|  | B28B 21/52 |
· | by extruding

|  | B28B 21/54 |
· · | Mouthpieces for shaping sockets, bends, or like peculiarly-shaped tubular articles

|  | B28B 21/56 |
· | incorporating reinforcements

|  | B28B 21/58 |
· · | Steel tubes

|  | B28B 21/60 |
· · | prestressed reinforcements

|  | B28B 21/62 |
· · · | circumferential

|  | B28B 21/64 |
· · · · | Winding arrangements

|  | B28B 21/66 |
· · · | Reinforcing mats

|  | B28B 21/68 |
· · | and applying centrifugal forces

|  | B28B 21/70 |
· | by building-up from preformed elements

|  | B28B 21/72 |
· · | Producing multilayer tubes

|  | B28B 21/74 |
· · | Producing pipe bends, sockets, sleeves; Moulds therefor (combined with extrusion presses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/54)

|  | B28B 21/76 |
· | Moulds

|  | B28B 21/78 |
· · | with heating or cooling means, e.g. steam jackets

|  | B28B 21/80 |
· · | adapted to centrifugal or rotational moulding

|  | B28B 21/82 |
· · | built-up from several parts; Multiple moulds; Moulds with adjustable parts

|  | B28B 21/84 |
· · · | Moulds with one or more pivotable parts

|  | B28B 21/86 |
· | Cores (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 7/00)

|  | B28B 21/88 |
· · | adjustable, collapsible or expansible (using inflatable cores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/20)

|  | B28B 21/90 |
· | Methods or apparatus for discharging after shaping

|  | B28B 21/92 |
· | Methods or apparatus for treating or reshaping

|  | B28B 21/94 |
· · | for impregnating or coating by applying liquids or semi-liquids

|  | B28B 21/96 |
· · | for smoothing, roughening, corrugating or for removing burr

|  | B28B 21/98 |
· · | for reshaping, e.g. by means of reshape moulds

|  | B28B 23/00 |
Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/00 takes precedence; in units for prefabricated buildings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 7/22)

|  | B28B 23/02 |
· | wherein the elements are reinforcing members

|  | B28B 23/04 |
· · | the elements being stressed

|  | B28B 23/06 |
· · · | for the production of elongated articles

|  | B28B 23/08 |
· · · · | the articles being of tubular form

|  | B28B 23/10 |
· · · | the shaping being effected by centrifugal or rotational moulding [2]

|  | B28B 23/12 |
· · · | to form prestressed circumferential reinforcements [2]

|  | B28B 23/14 |
· · · · | by wrapping, e.g. winding, apparatus [2]

|  | B28B 23/16 |
· · · · | Prestressed reinforcing nets [2]

|  | B28B 23/18 |
· · | for the production of elongated articles (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 23/06 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B28B 23/20 |
· · | the shaping being effected by centrifugal or rotational moulding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 23/10 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B28B 23/22 |
· · | assembled from preformed parts [2]