|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

|  | G |
Note(s) In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes). Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05). The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G11 |
INFORMATION STORAGE

|  | G11B |
INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; electrography, electrophotography, magnetography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 1/18; printing of data from record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 3/00; arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/00; arrangements or circuits for control of indicating devices using static means to present variable information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03M; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 1/20; circuits specially adapted for television signal recording Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/76, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/79; loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers or circuits therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | G11B |
Note(s) This subclass covers: recording or playback of information by relative movement between a record track and a transducer, the transducer directly producing, or being directly actuated by, modulation in the track being recorded or played-back, and the extent of modulation corresponding to the signal being recorded or played-back; apparatus and machines for recording or playback, and parts thereof, such as heads; record carriers for use with such apparatus and machines; associated working of other apparatus with such apparatus and machines. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "head" includes any means for converting sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal electric wave-forms into variations of the physical condition of at least the adjacent surface of the record carrier, or vice versa; "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relatively to the record carrier.

|  | G11B |
Subclass index
RECORDING OF ONE TYPE ASSOCIATED WITH REPRODUCING MEANS OF THE SAME TYPE |
Of mechanical type | 3/00
Of magnetical type | 5/00
Of optical type | 7/00
Of another type | 9/00
RECORDING OF ONE TYPE AND ASSOCIATED REPRODUCING MEANS OF DIFFERENT TYPE | 11/00
SIMULTANEOUS OR SELECTIVE RECORDING OF DIFFERENT TYPES; ASSOCIATED SIMULTANEOUS OR SELECTIVE REPRODUCING MEANS | 13/00
SIGNAL PROCESSING NOT SPECIFIC TO THE METHOD OF RECORDING OR REPRODUCING | 20/00
APPARATUS CHARACTERISED BY THE SHAPE OF THE RECORD CARRIER | 25/00
DETAILS; GENERAL FEATURES |
Starting, stopping, driving | 15/00, 19/00
Guiding | 17/00
HEADS; RECORD CARRIERS | 21/00; 23/00
ASSOCIATED WORKING WITH OTHER APPARATUS | 31/00
EDITING, INDEXING, SYNCHRONISING, MONITORING | 27/00
MANUFACTURING | 3/70, 5/84, 7/26
OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL PARTS, DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES | 33/00

|  | G11B 3/00 |
Recording by mechanical cutting, deforming or pressing, e.g. of grooves or pits; Reproducing by mechanical sensing; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence; recording by cutting or deforming using laser beam Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/00, using electron beam Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/10)

|  | G11B 3/02 |
· | Arrangements of heads (styli Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/44)

|  | G11B 3/04 |
· · | Multiple, convertible, or alternative transducing arrangements

|  | G11B 3/06 |
· · | Determining or indicating position of head

|  | G11B 3/08 |
· · | Raising, lowering, traversing otherwise than for transducing, arresting, or holding-up heads against record carriers

|  | G11B 3/085 |
· · · | using automatic means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/095 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 3/09 |
· · · | using manual means only (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/095 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 3/095 |
· · · | for repeating a part of the record; for beginning or stopping at a desired point of the record [4]

|  | G11B 3/10 |
· · | Arranging, supporting, or driving of heads or of transducers relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 3/12 |
· · · | Supporting in balanced, counterbalanced, or loaded operative position, e.g. loading in direction of traverse

|  | G11B 3/14 |
· · · · | by using effects of gravity or inertia, e.g. counterweight (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/28 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 3/16 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/18 |
· · · · · | Damping by using viscosity effect

|  | G11B 3/20 |
· · · · | by elastic means, e.g. spring (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/28 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 3/22 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/24 |
· · · · · | acting to decrease pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/26 |
· · · · · | acting to increase pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/28 |
· · · · | providing transverse bias parallel to record

|  | G11B 3/30 |
· · · | Supporting in inoperative position

|  | G11B 3/31 |
· · · · | Construction of arms [4]

|  | G11B 3/32 |
· · · · | Construction or arrangement of support pillars

|  | G11B 3/34 |
· · · | Driving or guiding during transducing operation

|  | G11B 3/36 |
· · · · | Automatic-feed mechanisms producing progressive transducing traverse across record carriers otherwise than by grooves, e.g. by lead-screw

|  | G11B 3/38 |
· · · · | Guiding, e.g. constructions or arrangements providing linear or other special tracking characteristics

|  | G11B 3/40 |
· · · · | Driving of heads relatively to stationary record carriers for transducing

|  | G11B 3/42 |
· · · | with provision for adaptation or interchange of heads

|  | G11B 3/44 |
· | Styli, e.g. sapphire, diamond

|  | G11B 3/46 |
· · | Constructions or forms, e.g. attachment of point to shank

|  | G11B 3/48 |
· · · | Needles

|  | G11B 3/50 |
· · | Anvils or other supports opposing stylus forces

|  | G11B 3/52 |
· · | Arrangements permitting styli to yield under excessive pressure

|  | G11B 3/54 |
· · | Storing; Manipulating, e.g. feeding styli to and from heads (needle boxes, receptacles for needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 85/24)

|  | G11B 3/56 |
· · | Sharpening (by grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 19/16)

|  | G11B 3/58 |
· | Cleaning record carriers or styli, e.g. removing shavings or dust (brushes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A46B; cleaning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B)

|  | G11B 3/60 |
· | Turntables for record carriers (forming rotor of dynamo-electric motor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G11B 3/61 |
· · | Damping of vibrations of record carriers on turntables [4]

|  | G11B 3/64 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one grooved record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 3/66 |
· | Erasing information, e.g. for reuse of record carrier

|  | G11B 3/68 |
· | Record carriers

|  | G11B 3/70 |
· · | characterised by the selection of material or structure; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art, in general, and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant places, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29D 17/00) [4]

|  | G11B 3/72 |
· · | Groove formations, e.g. run-in groove, run-out groove

|  | G11B 3/74 |
· · · | Multiple output tracks, e.g. binaural stereophonic

|  | G11B 3/76 |
· · · | forming part of cinematograph films

|  | G11B 3/78 |
· · | Multiple-track arrangements

|  | G11B 3/80 |
· · | incorporating subsidiary guide means for heads, other than modulated grooves; Part-formed unmodulated grooves for conversion into transducing grooves

|  | G11B 3/90 |
· · | with means indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 5/00 |
Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/004 - G11B 5/016 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/02-G11B 5/86 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/004-G11B 5/016. [2]

|  | G11B 5/004 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic drums (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/008 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes or wires (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/012 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/00 take precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/016 |
· · | using magnetic foils [2]

|  | G11B 5/02 |
· | Recording, reproducing, or erasing methods; Read, write, or erase circuits therefor (timing or synchronising arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/10) [2]

|  | G11B 5/024 |
· · | Erasing [4]

|  | G11B 5/027 |
· · | Analogue recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/03 |
· · · | Biasing [4]

|  | G11B 5/035 |
· · · | Equalising [4]

|  | G11B 5/09 |
· · | Digital recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/10 |
· | Structure or manufacture of housings or shields for heads [4]

|  | G11B 5/105 |
· · | Mounting of head within housing [2]

|  | G11B 5/11 |
· · | Shielding of head against electric or magnetic fields [2]

|  | G11B 5/115 |
· · · | Shielding device arranged between heads or windings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/29 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/127 |
· | Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive [4]

|  | G11B 5/133 |
· · | with cores composed of particles, e.g. with dust cores, with ferrite cores [4]

|  | G11B 5/147 |
· · | with cores being composed of metal sheets, i.e. laminated cores [4]

|  | G11B 5/153 |
· · · | with tape-wound cores [4]

|  | G11B 5/17 |
· · | Construction or disposition of windings [4]

|  | G11B 5/187 |
· · | Structure or manufacture of the surface of the head in physical contact with, or immediately adjacent to, the recording medium; Pole pieces; Gap features (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/265, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/31 take precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/193 |
· · · | the pole pieces being ferrite [4]

|  | G11B 5/21 |
· · · | the pole pieces being of ferrous sheet metal [4]

|  | G11B 5/23 |
· · · | Gap features [4]

|  | G11B 5/235 |
· · · · | Selection of material for gap filler [4]

|  | G11B 5/245 |
· · · | comprising means for controlling the reluctance of the magnetic circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/255 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/255 |
· · · | comprising means for protection against wear [4]

|  | G11B 5/265 |
· · | Structure or manufacture of a head with more than one gap for erasing, recording or reproducing on the same track (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/33 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/29 |
· · | Structure or manufacture of unitary devices formed of plural heads for more than one track [4]

|  | G11B 5/31 |
· · | using thin film (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/33 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/325 |
· · | Erasing heads using permanent magnets (general details therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/133-G11B 5/255) [4]

|  | G11B 5/33 |
· · | Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads (general details therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/133-G11B 5/255) [4]

|  | G11B 5/335 |
· · · | with saturated jig, e.g. for detecting second harmonic, balanced-flux head [4]

|  | G11B 5/35 |
· · · | having vibrating elements [4]

|  | G11B 5/37 |
· · · | using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/39 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/39 |
· · · | using magneto-resistive devices [4]

|  | G11B 5/40 |
· | Protective measures on heads, e.g. against excessive temperature (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/31 takes precedence; protection against wear Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/255) [4]

|  | G11B 5/41 |
· | Cleaning of heads [2]

|  | G11B 5/455 |
· | Arrangements for functional testing of heads; Measuring arrangements for heads (measuring electric or magnetic properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R) [4]

|  | G11B 5/465 |
· | Arrangements for demagnetisation of heads (demagnetisation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 13/00) [4]

|  | G11B 5/48 |
· | Disposition or mounting of heads relative to record carriers

|  | G11B 5/49 |
· · | Fixed mountings [2]

|  | G11B 5/50 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 5/52 |
· · | with simultaneous movement of head and record carrier, e.g. rotation of head (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/588 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/53 |
· · · | Disposition or mounting of heads on rotating support [4]

|  | G11B 5/54 |
· · | with provision for moving the head into, or out of, its operative position or across tracks [2]

|  | G11B 5/55 |
· · · | Track change, selection, or acquisition by displacement of the head [2]

|  | G11B 5/56 |
· · | with provision for moving the head for the purpose of adjusting the position of the head relative to the record carrier, e.g. manual adjustment for azimuth correction or track centering (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/54, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/58 take precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/58 |
· · | with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following [2]

|  | G11B 5/584 |
· · · | for track following on tapes [4]

|  | G11B 5/588 |
· · · · | by controlling the position of the rotating heads (by controlling the speed of the record carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/467; by controlling the speed of the rotating heads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/473) [4]

|  | G11B 5/592 |
· · · · · | using bimorph elements supporting the heads [4]

|  | G11B 5/596 |
· · · | for track following on discs [4]

|  | G11B 5/60 |
· · · | Fluid-dynamic spacing of heads from record carriers

|  | G11B 5/62 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material (selection of magnetic materials in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 1/00; thin magnetic films Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 10/00)

|  | G11B 5/62 |
Note(s) This group does not cover compositions, materials or processes, per se, which are covered by the relevant subclasses of section B or C. [4]

|  | G11B 5/627 |
· · | of leaders for magnetic tapes, e.g. non-magnetic strips on the tapes or for connection (constructional features Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/26) [4]

|  | G11B 5/633 |
· · | of cinematographic films or slides with integral magnetic track [4]

|  | G11B 5/64 |
· · | comprising only the magnetisable material without bonding agent

|  | G11B 5/66 |
· · · | consisting of several layers

|  | G11B 5/68 |
· · | comprising one or more layers of magnetisable particles homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent (layered products in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | G11B 5/70 |
· · · | on a base layer

|  | G11B 5/702 |
· · · · | characterised by the bonding agent [4]

|  | G11B 5/704 |
· · · · | characterised by the base layer [4]

|  | G11B 5/706 |
· · · · | characterised by the composition of the magnetic material [4]

|  | G11B 5/708 |
· · · · | characterised by addition of non-magnetic particles to the layer [4]

|  | G11B 5/71 |
· · · · | characterised by the lubricant [4]

|  | G11B 5/712 |
· · · · | characterised by the surface treatment or coating of magnetic particles [4]

|  | G11B 5/714 |
· · · · | characterised by the dimension of the magnetic particles [4]

|  | G11B 5/716 |
· · · · | characterised by two or more magnetic layers [4]

|  | G11B 5/718 |
· · · · · | at least one on each side of the base layer [4]

|  | G11B 5/72 |
· · | Protective coatings, e.g. anti-static, anti-friction

|  | G11B 5/74 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the form, e.g. sheet shaped to wrap around a drum

|  | G11B 5/76 |
· · | Drum carriers

|  | G11B 5/78 |
· · | Tape carriers

|  | G11B 5/80 |
· · | Card carriers

|  | G11B 5/82 |
· · | Disc carriers

|  | G11B 5/84 |
· | Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art, in general, and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant places, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D; apparatus or processes for applying homogeneous magnetic films to substrates in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 41/14)

|  | G11B 5/842 |
· · | Coating a support with a liquid magnetic dispersion [4]

|  | G11B 5/845 |
· · · | in a magnetic field [4]

|  | G11B 5/848 |
· · | Coating a support with a magnetic layer by extrusion [4]

|  | G11B 5/85 |
· · | Coating a support with a magnetic layer by vapour deposition [4]

|  | G11B 5/852 |
· · | Orientation in a magnetic field (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/845 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 5/855 |
· · | Coating only part of a support with a magnetic layer [4]

|  | G11B 5/858 |
· · | Producing a magnetic layer by electro-plating or electroless plating [4]

|  | G11B 5/86 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one magnetisable record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 7/00 |
Recording or reproducing by optical means; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 7/007 |
· | Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks [4]

|  | G11B 7/013 |
· · | for discrete information, i.e. where each information unit is stored in a distinct location [4]

|  | G11B 7/08 |
· | Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 7/085 |
· · | with provision for moving the light beam into, or out of, its operative position (modulating by information signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/12; controlling the position or direction of light beams, i.e. deflection, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/29) [4]

|  | G11B 7/09 |
· · | with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following [4]

|  | G11B 7/095 |
· · · | specially adapted for discs, e.g. for compensation of eccentricity or wobble [4]

|  | G11B 7/10 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 7/12 |
· | Heads

|  | G11B 7/125 |
· · | Optical beam sources therefor (light-emitting diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 33/00; junction lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/19); Modulators, e.g. means for controlling the size or intensity of the optical spot or of the optical trace (electro-, magneto-, or acousto-optical modulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/00; optical diaphragms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 9/02) [4]

|  | G11B 7/13 |
· · | Optical detectors therefor (optical detectors in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J; demodulating light, transferring the modulation of modulated light, frequency changing of light Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 2/00) [4]

|  | G11B 7/135 |
· · | Means for guiding the beam from source to record carrier or from record carrier to detector [4]

|  | G11B 7/14 |
· · | adapted to record on, or to reproduce from, more than one track simultaneously (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/20 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 7/16 |
· · | using filters, e.g. colour filter

|  | G11B 7/18 |
· · | using optical slits

|  | G11B 7/20 |
· · | Dual-recording arrangements, i.e. in which the information is recorded in two different forms simultaneously on the same or related tracks, e.g. recording instantaneous and mean values (sound-recording combined with cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C)

|  | G11B 7/22 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly

|  | G11B 7/24 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form (characterised by the arrangement of information on the carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/007; photosensitive materials per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C) [4]

|  | G11B 7/26 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03)

|  | G11B 7/28 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one optical record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers using optical sensing means

|  | G11B 9/00 |
Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/00-G11B 7/00; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 9/02 |
· | using ferroelectric record carriers; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/04 |
· | using record carriers having variable electric resistance; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/06 |
· | using record carriers having variable electrical capacitance; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/02 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 9/07 |
· · | Heads for reproducing capacitive information [4]

|  | G11B 9/08 |
· | using electrostatic charge injection; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/10 |
· | using electron beam; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/08 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 11/00 |
Recording on, or reproducing from, the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/00-G11B 7/00 or by different subgroups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/00; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 11/03 |
· | using recording by deforming with non-mechanical means, e.g. laser, beam of particles [4]

|  | G11B 11/05 |
· · | with reproducing by capacitive means [4]

|  | G11B 11/06 |
· · | with reproducing by mechanical sensing [4]

|  | G11B 11/08 |
· | using recording by electric charge or by variation of electric resistance or capacitance

|  | G11B 11/10 |
· | using recording by magnetic means [4]

|  | G11B 11/12 |
· | using recording by optical means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/03 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 11/14 |
· · | with reproducing by magnetic means

|  | G11B 11/16 |
· | using recording by mechanical cutting, deforming or pressing

|  | G11B 11/18 |
· · | with reproducing by optical means

|  | G11B 11/20 |
· · | with reproducing by magnetic means

|  | G11B 11/22 |
· · | with reproducing by capacitive means [4]

|  | G11B 13/00 |
Recording simultaneously by methods covered by different main groups; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing simultaneously therefrom

|  | G11B 13/02 |
· | magnetically and by styli

|  | G11B 13/04 |
· | magnetically and optically

|  | G11B 13/06 |
· | optically and by styli

|  | G11B 15/00 |
Driving, starting or stopping record carriers of filamentary or web form; Driving both such record carriers and heads; Guiding such record carriers or containers therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function (driving or guiding heads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/00-G11B 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/00) [2]

|  | G11B 15/02 |
· | Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing

|  | G11B 15/03 |
· · | by using counters [4]

|  | G11B 15/04 |
· · | Preventing, inhibiting, or warning against accidental erasing or double recording (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/05 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 15/05 |
· · | by sensing features present on, or derived from, record carrier or container (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/16 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 15/06 |
· · · | by sensing auxiliary features on record carriers or containers, e.g. to stop machine near the end of a tape

|  | G11B 15/07 |
· · · · | on containers [4]

|  | G11B 15/08 |
· · · · | by photoelectric sensing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/07 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 15/087 |
· · · | by sensing recorded signals [4]

|  | G11B 15/093 |
· · · | by sensing driving condition of record carrier, e.g. travel, tape tension [4]

|  | G11B 15/10 |
· · | Manually-operated control; Solenoid-operated control

|  | G11B 15/12 |
· · | Masking of heads; Selecting or switching of heads between operative and inoperative functions; Masking of beams, e.g. of light beams

|  | G11B 15/14 |
· · · | Masking or switching periodically, e.g. of rotating heads

|  | G11B 15/16 |
· · | by sensing presence, absence or position of record carrier or container

|  | G11B 15/17 |
· · · | of container [4]

|  | G11B 15/18 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping; Arrangements for control or regulation thereof

|  | G11B 15/20 |
· · | Moving record carrier backwards or forwards by finite amounts, i.e. back-spacing, forward-spacing

|  | G11B 15/22 |
· · | Stopping means (slowing-down preparatory to stopping or speed-changing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/48; speed-controlling by mechanical linkage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/50; brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 15/24 |
· · | Drive-disengaging means

|  | G11B 15/26 |
· · | Driving record carriers by members acting directly or indirectly thereon

|  | G11B 15/28 |
· · · | through rollers driving by frictional contact with the record carrier, e.g. capstan; Multiple arrangements of capstans or drums coupled to means for controlling the speed of the drive; Multiple capstan systems alternately engageable with record carrier to provide reversal

|  | G11B 15/29 |
· · · · | through pinch-rollers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/295 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 15/295 |
· · · · | with single capstan or drum simultaneously driving the record carrier at two separate points of an isolated part thereof, e.g. the capstan acting directly on the tape rollers [4]

|  | G11B 15/30 |
· · · | through the means for supporting the record carrier, e.g. mandrel, turntable

|  | G11B 15/32 |
· · · | through the reels or cores on to which the record carrier is wound

|  | G11B 15/34 |
· · · | through non-slip drive means, e.g. sprocket

|  | G11B 15/38 |
· · | Driving record carriers by pneumatic means

|  | G11B 15/40 |
· · | Driving record carriers otherwise than by electric motor

|  | G11B 15/42 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 15/43 |
· · | Control or regulation of mechanical tension of record carrier, e.g. tape tension

|  | G11B 15/44 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor

|  | G11B 15/46 |
· · | Controlling, regulating, or indicating speed

|  | G11B 15/467 |
· · · | in arrangements for recording or reproducing wherein both record carriers and heads are driven [4]

|  | G11B 15/473 |
· · · · | by controlling the speed of the heads [4]

|  | G11B 15/48 |
· · · | Starting; Accelerating; Decelerating; Arrangements preventing malfunction during drive change

|  | G11B 15/50 |
· · · | by mechanical linkage, e.g. clutch

|  | G11B 15/52 |
· · · | by using signals recorded on, or derived from, record carrier

|  | G11B 15/54 |
· · · | by stroboscope; by tachometer (speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 15/56 |
· | the record carrier having reserve loop, e.g. to minimise inertia during acceleration

|  | G11B 15/58 |
· · | with vacuum column

|  | G11B 15/60 |
· | Guiding record carriers (guiding devices structurally associated with magazines or cassettes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/04) [4]

|  | G11B 15/61 |
· · | on drum, e.g. on drum containing rotating heads [4]

|  | G11B 15/62 |
· · | Maintaining desired spacing between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 15/64 |
· · · | by fluid-dynamic spacing

|  | G11B 15/66 |
· · | Threading; Loading; Automatic self-loading

|  | G11B 15/665 |
· · · | by extracting loop of record carrier from container [4]

|  | G11B 15/67 |
· · · | by extracting end of record carrier from container or spool [4]

|  | G11B 15/675 |
· | Guiding containers [4]

|  | G11B 15/68 |
· · | Automatic cassette-changing arrangements [2]

|  | G11B 15/70 |
· | the record carrier being an endless-loop record-carrier [2]

|  | G11B 17/00 |
Guiding record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor (guiding cards or sheets Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 13/00)

|  | G11B 17/02 |
· | Details

|  | G11B 17/022 |
· · | Positioning or locking of single discs [4]

|  | G11B 17/025 |
· · · | of discs which are stationary during transducing operation [4]

|  | G11B 17/028 |
· · · | of discs rotating during transducing operation [4]

|  | G11B 17/03 |
· · · · | in containers or trays [4]

|  | G11B 17/032 |
· · · · | Positioning by moving the door or the cover [4]

|  | G11B 17/035 |
· · · · | Positioning by moving the loading station [4]

|  | G11B 17/038 |
· · | Centering or locking of a plurality of discs in a single cartridge [4]

|  | G11B 17/04 |
· · | Feeding or guiding single record carrier to or from transducing unit

|  | G11B 17/08 |
· | from consecutive-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/10 |
· · | with horizontal transfer to the turntable from a stack arranged with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/12 |
· · | with axial transfer to the turntable from a stack with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/14 |
· · · | by mechanism in rotating centre post, e.g. permitting the playing of both sides of a record

|  | G11B 17/16 |
· · · | by mechanism in stationary centre post, e.g. with stepped post, using fingers on post

|  | G11B 17/18 |
· · · | by mechanism operating on the edge of the disc record

|  | G11B 17/20 |
· · | with transfer away from stack on turntable after playing

|  | G11B 17/22 |
· | from random-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/24 - G11B 17/28 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/30 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/24-G11B 17/28.

|  | G11B 17/24 |
· · | the magazine having a toroidal or part-toroidal shape

|  | G11B 17/26 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/28 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with horizontal axis

|  | G11B 17/30 |
· · | wherein the playing unit is moved accordingly to the location of the selected record

|  | G11B 17/32 |
· | Maintaining desired spacing between record carrier and head, e.g. by fluid-dynamic spacing [2]

|  | G11B 17/34 |
· | Guiding record carriers during transducing operation, e.g. for track following (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | G11B 19/00 |
Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function (guiding such record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00)

|  | G11B 19/02 |
· | Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing [4]

|  | G11B 19/04 |
· · | Arrangements for preventing, inhibiting, or warning against, double recording on the same blank, or against other recording or reproducing malfunctions

|  | G11B 19/06 |
· · | by counting or timing of machine operations

|  | G11B 19/08 |
· · | by using devices external to the driving mechanisms, e.g. coin-freed switch (coin actuated mechanisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07F 5/00) [4]

|  | G11B 19/10 |
· · | by sensing presence or absence of record in accessible stored position or on turntable

|  | G11B 19/12 |
· · | by sensing distinguishing features of records, e.g. diameter

|  | G11B 19/14 |
· · | by sensing movement or position of head, e.g. means moving in correspondence with head movements

|  | G11B 19/16 |
· · | Manual control

|  | G11B 19/18 |
· · · | Manual action on one element producing control effect indirectly by consequent action of driving mechanism

|  | G11B 19/20 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping; Control thereof [4]

|  | G11B 19/22 |
· · | Brakes other than speed-regulating brakes (brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 19/24 |
· · | Arrangements for providing constant relative speed between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 19/247 |
· · · | using electrical means [4]

|  | G11B 19/253 |
· · · | using mechanical means [4]

|  | G11B 19/26 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor [4]

|  | G11B 19/265 |
· · · | Friction wheel drive [4]

|  | G11B 19/27 |
· · · | Belt drive [4]

|  | G11B 19/275 |
· · · | Gear wheel drive [4]

|  | G11B 19/28 |
· · | Speed controlling, regulating, or indicating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/24 takes precedence; speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 20/00 |
Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor [4]

|  | G11B 20/02 |
· | Analogue recording or reproducing [4]

|  | G11B 20/04 |
· · | Direct recording or reproducing [4]

|  | G11B 20/06 |
· · | Angle-modulation recording or reproducing (angle-modulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C; demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D) [4]

|  | G11B 20/08 |
· · | Pulse-modulation recording or reproducing (pulse-code-modulation recording Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 20/10; pulse modulation or pulse demodulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K) [4]

|  | G11B 20/10 |
· | Digital recording or reproducing (electrical digital data processing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F; transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L) [4]

|  | G11B 20/12 |
· · | Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers [4]

|  | G11B 20/14 |
· · | using self-clocking codes [4]

|  | G11B 20/16 |
· · | using non self-clocking codes, i.e. the clock signals being either recorded in a separate clocking track or in a combination of several information tracks [4]

|  | G11B 20/18 |
· · | Error detection or correction; Testing [4]

|  | G11B 20/20 |
· | for correction of skew for multitrack recording [4]

|  | G11B 20/22 |
· | for reducing distortions [4]

|  | G11B 20/24 |
· | for reducing noise [4]

|  | G11B 21/00 |
Head arrangements not specific to the method of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 21/02 |
· | Driving or moving of heads

|  | G11B 21/03 |
· · | for correcting time base error [4]

|  | G11B 21/04 |
· · | Automatic feed mechanism producing a transducing traverse of the head in a direction which cuts across the direction of travel of the recording medium, e.g. helical scan

|  | G11B 21/06 |
· · · | the record carrier having means to ensure traverse movement of the head

|  | G11B 21/08 |
· · | Track changing or selecting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 21/10 |
· · | Track finding or aligning by moving the head

|  | G11B 21/12 |
· · | Raising and lowering; Back-spacing or forward-spacing along track; Returning to starting position

|  | G11B 21/14 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 21/16 |
· | Supporting the heads; Supporting the sockets for plug-in heads

|  | G11B 21/18 |
· · | while the head is moving

|  | G11B 21/20 |
· · | while the head is in operative position but stationary or permitting minor movements to follow irregularities in surface of record carrier

|  | G11B 21/21 |
· · · | with provision for maintaining desired spacing of head from record carrier, e.g. fluid-dynamic spacing, slider [4]

|  | G11B 21/22 |
· · | while the head is out of operative position

|  | G11B 21/24 |
· · | Head support adjustments

|  | G11B 21/26 |
· · | Means for interchange or replacement of head or head element

|  | G11B 23/00 |
Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus [4]

|  | G11B 23/00 |
Note(s) In group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/00, recording or reproducing apparatus does not include the record carriers. [5]

|  | G11B 23/02 |
· | Containers; Storing means (cabinets, cases, stands, modified to store record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 33/04; storing webs, tapes or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/00) [4]

|  | G11B 23/023 |
· · | Containers for magazines or cassettes [4]

|  | G11B 23/027 |
· · | Containers for single reels or spools [4]

|  | G11B 23/03 |
· · | Containers for flat record carriers [4]

|  | G11B 23/033 |
· · · | for flexible discs [4]

|  | G11B 23/037 |
· · | Single reels or spools [4]

|  | G11B 23/04 |
· · | Magazines; Cassettes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 23/06 |
· · · | for housing endless webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/07 |
· · · · | using a single reel or core [4]

|  | G11B 23/08 |
· · · | for housing webs or filaments having two distinct ends

|  | G11B 23/087 |
· · · · | using two different reels or cores [4]

|  | G11B 23/093 |
· · · · · | the reels or cores being coaxial [4]

|  | G11B 23/107 |
· · · · | using one reel or core, one end of the record carrier coming out of the magazine or cassette [4]

|  | G11B 23/113 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of magazines or cassettes [4]

|  | G11B 23/12 |
· · | Bins for random storage of webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/14 |
· | providing ability to repeat location, e.g. using sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/16 |
· | Record carriers with single track for recording at spaced intervals along the track thereof, e.g. for speech or language training

|  | G11B 23/18 |
· | Record carriers with multiple tracks, e.g. with complementary and partial tracks such as paired "stereo" tracks

|  | G11B 23/20 |
· | with provision for splicing to provide permanent or temporary connections

|  | G11B 23/22 |
· · | of endless belts; of tapes forming Möbius loops

|  | G11B 23/24 |
· · | of tapes having multiple tracks parallel to edge of record carrier by offset splicing to form endless loop with one or more helical tracks

|  | G11B 23/26 |
· · | of leaders for loading or threading, e.g. to form a temporary connection

|  | G11B 23/28 |
· | indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 23/30 |
· | with provision for auxiliary signals (sensing such signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/06)

|  | G11B 23/32 |
· · | Electrical or mechanical contacting means; Tape stop foils

|  | G11B 23/34 |
· · | Signal means additional to the main recording track, e.g. photoelectric sensing of sprocket holes for timing

|  | G11B 23/36 |
· · | Signals on record carriers or on containers and recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 23/38 |
· | Visual features other than those contained in record tracks or represented by sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/40 |
· · | Identifying or analogous means applied to, or incorporated in, the record carrier and not intended for visual display simultaneously with the playing-back of the record carrier, e.g. label, leader, photograph

|  | G11B 23/42 |
· · | Marks for indexing, speed-controlling, synchronising, or timing

|  | G11B 23/44 |
· · | Information for display simultaneously with playback of the record, e.g. photographic matter (associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or -reproducing means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00) [4]

|  | G11B 23/50 |
· | Reconditioning of record carriers; Cleaning of record carriers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/58 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 25/00 |
Apparatus characterised by the shape of record carrier employed but not specific to the method of recording or reproducing (individual parts of apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/00-G11B 23/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 33/00) [4]

|  | G11B 25/02 |
· | using cylindrical record carriers

|  | G11B 25/04 |
· | using flat record carriers, e.g. disc, card

|  | G11B 25/06 |
· | using web-form record carriers, e.g. tape

|  | G11B 25/08 |
· | using filamentary record carriers, e.g. wire

|  | G11B 25/10 |
· | Apparatus capable of using record carriers defined in more than one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 25/02-G11B 25/08

|  | G11B 27/00 |
Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel [2,4]

|  | G11B 27/02 |
· | Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers (arrangements for sorting or merging computer data on continuous record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/22; mixing of video signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/265) [5]

|  | G11B 27/022 |
· · | Electronic editing of analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals [5]

|  | G11B 27/024 |
· · · | on tapes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/028, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/029 take precedence) [5]

|  | G11B 27/026 |
· · · | on discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/028, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/029 take precedence) [5]

|  | G11B 27/028 |
· · · | with computer assistance [5]

|  | G11B 27/029 |
· · · | Insert-editing [5]

|  | G11B 27/031 |
· · | Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals [5]

|  | G11B 27/032 |
· · · | on tapes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/036, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/038 take precedence) [5]

|  | G11B 27/034 |
· · · | on discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/036, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/038 take precedence) [5]

|  | G11B 27/036 |
· · · | Insert-editing [5]

|  | G11B 27/038 |
· · · | Cross-faders therefor [5]

|  | G11B 27/04 |
· · | using differential drive of record carrier and head

|  | G11B 27/06 |
· · | Cutting and rejoining; Notching, or perforating record carriers otherwise than by recording styli (record carriers with provision for splicing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/20)

|  | G11B 27/10 |
· | Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel [2]

|  | G11B 27/11 |
· · | by using information not detectable on the record carrier [4]

|  | G11B 27/13 |
· · · | the information being derived from movement of the record carrier, e.g. using tachometer [4]

|  | G11B 27/15 |
· · · · | using mechanical sensing means [4]

|  | G11B 27/17 |
· · · · | using electrical sensing means [4]

|  | G11B 27/19 |
· · | by using information detectable on the record carrier [4]

|  | G11B 27/22 |
· · · | Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded information signals

|  | G11B 27/24 |
· · · | by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track (for controlling purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00)

|  | G11B 27/26 |
· · · · | by photoelectric detection, e.g. of sprocket holes

|  | G11B 27/28 |
· · · | by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/30 |
· · · · | on the same track as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/32 |
· · · · | on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier

|  | G11B 27/34 |
· · | Indicating arrangements

|  | G11B 27/36 |
· | Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 31/00 |
Arrangements for the associated working of recording or reproducing apparatus with related apparatus (with cameras or projectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00)

|  | G11B 31/02 |
· | with automatic musical instruments

|  | G11B 33/00 |
Constructional parts, details or accessories not provided for in the preceding groups (containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 85/00) [4]

|  | G11B 33/02 |
· | Cabinets; Cases; Stands; Disposition of apparatus therein or thereon (furniture aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 81/06) [4]

|  | G11B 33/04 |
· · | modified to store record carriers [4]

|  | G11B 33/06 |
· · | combined with other apparatus having a different main function [4]

|  | G11B 33/08 |
· · | Insulation or absorption of undesired vibrations or sounds [4]

|  | G11B 33/10 |
· | Indicating arrangements; Warning arrangements [4]

|  | G11B 33/12 |
· | Disposition of constructional parts in the apparatus, e.g. of power supply, of modules [4]

|  | G11B 33/14 |
· | Reducing influence of physical parameters, e.g. temperature change, moisture, dust [4]