|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H05 |
ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | H05B |
ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (apparatus for special application, see the relevant places, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | H05B |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to Note III following the Contents of Section of section H. [3]

|  | H05B |
Subclass index
HEATING |
Produced by: resistance; electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields; discharge | 3/00; 6/00; 7/00
Combined types | 11/00
Details | 1/00
LIGHTING |
Light sources: arc; electro- luminescent | 31/00; 33/00
Combined types | 35/00
Circuit arrangements: |
general | 37/00
for incandescent lamps | 39/00
for discharge lamps | 41/00
other | 43/00

|  | H05B 1/00 - H05B 11/00 |
Heating

|  | H05B 1/00 |
Details of electric heating devices

|  | H05B 1/02 |
· | Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to heating apparatus (control of temperature in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 23/00; thermally-actuated switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 37/00)

|  | H05B 3/00 |
Ohmic-resistance heating

|  | H05B 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05B 3/03 |
· · | Electrodes (electrothermic treatment of ores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 4/00) [2]

|  | H05B 3/04 |
· · | Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters

|  | H05B 3/06 |
· · | Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders

|  | H05B 3/08 |
· · · | having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures

|  | H05B 3/10 |
· | Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor (compositions per se, see the relevant subclasses)

|  | H05B 3/12 |
· · | characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material

|  | H05B 3/14 |
· · · | the material being non-metallic

|  | H05B 3/16 |
· · | the conductor being mounted on an insulating base

|  | H05B 3/18 |
· · | the conductor being embedded in an insulating material

|  | H05B 3/20 |
· | Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/62, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/68, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/78, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/84 take precedence) [5]

|  | H05B 3/22 |
· · | non-flexible

|  | H05B 3/24 |
· · · | heating conductor being self-supporting

|  | H05B 3/26 |
· · · | heating conductor mounted on insulating base

|  | H05B 3/28 |
· · · | heating conductor embedded in insulating material

|  | H05B 3/30 |
· · · · | on or between metallic plates

|  | H05B 3/32 |
· · · | heating conductor mounted on insulators on a metallic frame

|  | H05B 3/34 |
· · | flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs

|  | H05B 3/36 |
· · · | heating conductor embedded in insulating material

|  | H05B 3/38 |
· · · · | Powder conductors

|  | H05B 3/40 |
· | Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/62, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/68, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/78 take precedence)

|  | H05B 3/42 |
· · | non-flexible

|  | H05B 3/44 |
· · · | heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material

|  | H05B 3/46 |
· · · | heating conductor mounted on insulating base

|  | H05B 3/48 |
· · · | heating conductor embedded in insulating material

|  | H05B 3/50 |
· · · · | heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins

|  | H05B 3/52 |
· · · · | Apparatus or processes for filling or compressing insulating material in tubes

|  | H05B 3/54 |
· · | flexible

|  | H05B 3/56 |
· · · | Heating cables

|  | H05B 3/58 |
· · · | Heating hoses; Heating collars

|  | H05B 3/60 |
· | Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular, powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/38 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 3/62 |
· | Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/60 takes precedence; arrangements of such elements in furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 11/00)

|  | H05B 3/64 |
· · | using ribbon, rod, or wire heater

|  | H05B 3/66 |
· · | Supports or mountings for heaters on or in the wall or roof

|  | H05B 3/68 |
· | Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates

|  | H05B 3/70 - H05B 3/74 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/76 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/70-H05B 3/74. [2]

|  | H05B 3/70 |
· · | Plates of cast metal

|  | H05B 3/72 |
· · | Plates of sheet metal

|  | H05B 3/74 |
· · | Non-metallic plates

|  | H05B 3/76 |
· · | Plates with spirally-wound heating tubes

|  | H05B 3/78 |
· | Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating

|  | H05B 3/80 |
· · | Portable immersion heaters

|  | H05B 3/82 |
· · | Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters

|  | H05B 3/84 |
· | Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields [5]

|  | H05B 3/86 |
· · | the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material [5]

|  | H05B 6/00 |
Heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields (for therapeutic purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N 5/00; joining of preformed parts by heating of plastics or substances in a plastic state Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 65/02) [3]

|  | H05B 6/02 |
· | Induction heating [3]

|  | H05B 6/04 |
· · | Sources of current [3]

|  | H05B 6/06 |
· · | Control, e.g. of temperature, of power [3]

|  | H05B 6/08 |
· · · | using compensating or balancing arrangements [3]

|  | H05B 6/10 |
· · | Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications [3]

|  | H05B 6/12 |
· · · | Cooking devices [3]

|  | H05B 6/14 |
· · · | Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders [3]

|  | H05B 6/16 |
· · | Furnaces having endless cores (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 6/34 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H05B 6/18 |
· · · | having melting basin [3]

|  | H05B 6/20 |
· · · | having melting channel only [3]

|  | H05B 6/22 |
· · | Furnaces without an endless core (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 6/34 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H05B 6/24 |
· · · | Crucible furnaces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 6/30 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H05B 6/26 |
· · · · | using vacuum or particular gas atmosphere [3]

|  | H05B 6/28 |
· · · · | Protective systems [3]

|  | H05B 6/30 |
· · · | Arrangements for remelting or zone melting [3]

|  | H05B 6/32 |
· · · | Arrangements for simultaneous levitation and heating [3]

|  | H05B 6/34 |
· · | Arrangements for circulation of melts [3]

|  | H05B 6/36 |
· · | Coil arrangements [3]

|  | H05B 6/38 |
· · · | specially adapted for fitting into hollow spaces of workpieces [3]

|  | H05B 6/40 |
· · · | Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces [3]

|  | H05B 6/42 |
· · · | Cooling of coils [3]

|  | H05B 6/44 |
· · · | having more than one coil or coil segment [3]

|  | H05B 6/46 |
· | Dielectric heating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 6/64 take precedence) [3]

|  | H05B 6/48 |
· · | Circuits [3]

|  | H05B 6/50 |
· · · | for monitoring or control [3]

|  | H05B 6/52 |
· · | Feed lines [3]

|  | H05B 6/54 |
· · | Electrodes [3]

|  | H05B 6/56 |
· · · | Rolling electrodes [3]

|  | H05B 6/58 |
· · · | "sewing machine" type [3]

|  | H05B 6/60 |
· · | Arrangements for continuous movement of material [3]

|  | H05B 6/62 |
· · | Apparatus for specific applications [3]

|  | H05B 6/64 |
· | Heating using microwaves [3]

|  | H05B 6/66 |
· · | Circuits [3]

|  | H05B 6/68 |
· · · | for monitoring or control [3]

|  | H05B 6/70 |
· · | Feed lines [3]

|  | H05B 6/72 |
· · | Radiators or aerials [3]

|  | H05B 6/74 |
· · | Mode transformers or mode stirrers [3]

|  | H05B 6/76 |
· · | Prevention of microwave leakage, e.g. door sealings [3]

|  | H05B 6/78 |
· · | Arrangements for continuous movement of material [3]

|  | H05B 6/80 |
· · | Apparatus for specific applications (stoves or ranges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 7/02) [3]

|  | H05B 7/00 |
Heating by electric discharge (electron beam or ion beam tubes for localised treatment of objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/30; plasma torches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05H 1/26)

|  | H05B 7/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05B 7/06 |
· · | Electrodes

|  | H05B 7/07 |
· · · | designed to melt in use [2]

|  | H05B 7/08 |
· · · | non-consumable [2]

|  | H05B 7/085 |
· · · · | mainly consisting of carbon [2]

|  | H05B 7/09 |
· · · · · | Self-baking electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/10 |
· · | Mountings, supports, terminals, or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/101 |
· · · | Mountings, supports, or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc [2]

|  | H05B 7/102 |
· · · · | specially adapted for consumable electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/103 |
· · · | Mountings, supports, or terminals with jaws (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 7/101 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H05B 7/105 |
· · · · | comprising more than two jaws equally spaced along circumference, e.g. ring holders [2]

|  | H05B 7/107 |
· · · | specially adapted for self-baking electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/109 |
· · · | Feeding arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 7/107 takes precedence; where the electrode movement is a part of a closed loop for automatic control of power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 7/148) [2]

|  | H05B 7/11 |
· · | Arrangements for conducting current to the electrode terminals (non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 5/00; insulated conductors or cables in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 7/00) [2]

|  | H05B 7/12 |
· · | Arrangements for cooling, sealing, or protecting electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/14 |
· · | Arrangements or methods for connecting successive electrode sections [2]

|  | H05B 7/144 |
· · | Power supplies specially adapted for heating by electric discharge; Automatic control of power, e.g. by positioning of electrodes (circuit arrangements for supplying electric power in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J) [2]

|  | H05B 7/148 |
· · · | Automatic control of power (electrode feeding arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 7/109; automatic feeding or moving of electrodes for spot or seam welding or cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 9/12; disposition of electrodes in or on furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 11/10; control of position in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 3/00; regulating electric characteristics of arcs in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F 1/02; regulating electric power in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F 1/66) [2]

|  | H05B 7/152 |
· · · · | by electromechanical means for positioning of electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/156 |
· · · · | by hydraulic or pneumatic means for positioning of electrodes [2]

|  | H05B 7/16 |
· | Heating by glow discharge

|  | H05B 7/18 |
· | Heating by arc discharge

|  | H05B 7/20 |
· · | Direct heating by arc discharge, i.e. where at least one end of the arc directly acts on the material to be heated, including additional resistance heating by arc current flowing through the material to be heated [2]

|  | H05B 7/22 |
· · | Indirect heating by arc discharge [2]

|  | H05B 11/00 |
Heating by combined application of processes covered by two or more of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 3/00-H05B 7/00 (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 7/20 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 31/00 - H05B 43/00 |
Lighting

|  | H05B 31/00 |
Electric arc lamps (regulating electric characteristics of arcs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F 1/02; with non-consumable electrodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 61/00)

|  | H05B 31/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05B 31/04 |
· · | Housings

|  | H05B 31/06 |
· · | Electrodes

|  | H05B 31/08 |
· · · | Carbon electrodes

|  | H05B 31/10 |
· · · · | Cored carbon electrodes

|  | H05B 31/12 |
· · · · | Beck-effect electrodes

|  | H05B 31/14 |
· · · | Metal electrodes

|  | H05B 31/16 |
· · · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing electrodes

|  | H05B 31/18 |
· · | Mountings for electrodes; Electrode feeding devices

|  | H05B 31/20 |
· · · | Mechanical arrangements for feeding electrodes

|  | H05B 31/22 |
· · · | Electromagnetic arrangements for feeding electrodes

|  | H05B 31/24 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | H05B 31/26 |
· · | Influencing the shape of arc discharge by gas blowing devices

|  | H05B 31/28 |
· · | Influencing the shape of arc discharge by magnetic means

|  | H05B 31/30 |
· · | Starting; Igniting

|  | H05B 31/32 |
· · | Switching-off

|  | H05B 31/34 |
· · | Indicating consumption of electrodes

|  | H05B 31/36 |
· | having two electrodes in line

|  | H05B 31/38 |
· · | specially adapted for ac

|  | H05B 31/40 |
· | having two electrodes at an angle

|  | H05B 31/42 |
· · | specially adapted for ac

|  | H05B 31/44 |
· | having two parallel electrodes

|  | H05B 31/46 |
· · | specially adapted for ac

|  | H05B 31/48 |
· | having more than two electrodes

|  | H05B 31/50 |
· · | specially adapted for ac

|  | H05B 31/52 |
· · · | electrodes energised from different phases of the supply

|  | H05B 33/00 |
Electroluminescent light sources (discharge lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 61/00-H01J 65/00; semi-conductor devices with at least one particular jump barrier or surface barrier adapted for light emission Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 33/00; lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/00; compositions per se, see the relevant subclasses)

|  | H05B 33/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05B 33/04 |
· · | Sealing arrangements

|  | H05B 33/06 |
· · | Electrode terminals

|  | H05B 33/08 |
· · | Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application

|  | H05B 33/10 |
· | Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources

|  | H05B 33/12 |
· | Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces

|  | H05B 33/14 |
· · | characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material

|  | H05B 33/18 |
· · | characterised by the nature or concentration of the activator

|  | H05B 33/20 |
· · | characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded

|  | H05B 33/22 |
· · | characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers

|  | H05B 33/24 |
· · · | of metallic reflective layers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 33/26 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 33/26 |
· · | characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode

|  | H05B 33/28 |
· · · | of translucent electrodes

|  | H05B 35/00 |
Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation (combinations of dissimilar light sources Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 61/96)

|  | H05B 37/00 |
Circuit arrangements for electric light sources in general

|  | H05B 37/02 |
· | Controlling (regulating voltage or current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05B 37/03 |
· | Detecting lamp failure

|  | H05B 37/04 |
· · | Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure

|  | H05B 39/00 |
Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources and not adapted to a particular application

|  | H05B 39/02 |
· | Switching-on, e.g. with predetermined rate of increase of lighting current

|  | H05B 39/04 |
· | Controlling (regulating voltage or current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05B 39/06 |
· · | Switching arrangements, e.g. from series operation to parallel operation

|  | H05B 39/08 |
· · | by shifting phase of trigger voltage applied to gas-filled controlling tubes

|  | H05B 39/09 |
· | in which the lamp is fed by pulses

|  | H05B 39/10 |
· | Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure

|  | H05B 41/00 |
Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps

|  | H05B 41/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05B 41/04 |
· · | Starting switches

|  | H05B 41/06 |
· · · | thermal only

|  | H05B 41/08 |
· · · · | heated by glow discharge

|  | H05B 41/10 |
· · · | magnetic only

|  | H05B 41/12 |
· · · | combined thermal and magnetic

|  | H05B 41/14 |
· | Circuit arrangements

|  | H05B 41/16 |
· · | in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 41/26 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 41/18 |
· · · | having a starting switch

|  | H05B 41/19 |
· · · · | for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode

|  | H05B 41/20 |
· · · | having no starting switch

|  | H05B 41/22 |
· · · · | for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode

|  | H05B 41/23 |
· · · · | for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode

|  | H05B 41/231 |
· · · · · | for high-pressure lamps

|  | H05B 41/232 |
· · · · · | for low-pressure lamps

|  | H05B 41/233 |
· · · · · · | using resonance circuitry

|  | H05B 41/234 |
· · · · · · | to eliminate stroboscopic effects, e.g. feeding two lamps with different phases

|  | H05B 41/24 |
· · | in which the lamp is fed by high-frequency ac (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 41/26 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 41/26 |
· · | in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc

|  | H05B 41/28 |
· · · | using static converters

|  | H05B 41/29 |
· · · · | using semiconductor devices

|  | H05B 41/30 |
· · | in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp

|  | H05B 41/32 |
· · · | for single flash operation

|  | H05B 41/34 |
· · · | to provide a sequence of flashes

|  | H05B 41/36 |
· · | Controlling (regulating voltage or current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05B 41/38 |
· · · | Controlling the intensity of light

|  | H05B 41/39 |
· · · · | continuously

|  | H05B 41/391 |
· · · · · | using saturable magnetic devices

|  | H05B 41/392 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor

|  | H05B 41/40 |
· · · · | discontinuously

|  | H05B 41/42 |
· · · · · | in two steps only

|  | H05B 41/44 |
· · · | for providing special optical effects, e.g. progressive motion of light

|  | H05B 41/46 |
· · | Circuits providing for substitution in case of failure of the lamp

|  | H05B 43/00 |
Circuit arrangements for light sources, not otherwise provided for (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 37/00 takes precedence)

|  | H05B 43/02 |
· | for light sources using a charge of combustible material