|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F42 |
Note(s) Guide to the use of this subsection (classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump; "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa; "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa; "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear; "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action; "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments; "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear; "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby; "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section; "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa; "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam; "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible; "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded; "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Mmachines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". In this subsection: cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned: the principle which resides in their elaboration, the classifying characteristics which they call for, and their complementarity. Principle This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here. Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass. Subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned. This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses. Thus, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C. Characteristics The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: Machines; engines; pumps. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: Positive displacement; non-positive displacement. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid. Complementarity This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid. The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table: It is seen from this table that: For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

ENGINEERING IN GENERAL

|  | F16 |
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

|  | F16B |
DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING

|  | F16B |
2. Note(s) Attention is drawn to: the Note following group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/38; [5] the following places:
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A44B | Buckles, slide fasteners |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47G 3/00 | Ornamental heads for nails, screws, or the like |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F 3/00 | Means, not using staples, for attaching sheets temporarily together |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01B 9/10 | Screws or bolts for railway sleepers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01B 11/00 | Rail joints |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04 | Connections for building |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04D 13/08 | Clamping means for down pipes for roof drainage |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 5/04 | Fastening scaffolds against buildings |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 7/00 | Scaffolding couplings |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05C | Bolts or fasteners for wings, specially for doors or windows |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C 29/10 | Locking bearings for parts moving only linearly |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16G 17/00 | Hooks as integral parts of chains |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L | Pipe joints |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 3/00 | Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 33/02 | Clips for connecting hoses to rigid members |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 7/00 | Magnetic holding devices |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N 13/00 | Electrostatic holding devices. |

|  | F16B |
Subclass index
TYPES OF FASTENING |
By: clamping, wedging | 2/00; 3/00
By: shrinking or force fit; sticking or pressing together; penetration of one member into a hole in another | 4/00; 11/00; 17/00
Fastening of plates, strips, bars, or tubes together or to flat surfaces | 5/00, 7/00, 9/00
For specific applications |
for furniture | 12/00
for fixing in walls | 13/00
by screw-thread modified in view of tensile load | 31/00
FASTENING MEANS |
General |
clamps; clips; wedges, keys | 2/00; 3/00
dowels | 13/00
other fastening means | 1/00, 45/00, 47/00
Without screw-thread |
nails, staples; bolts, pins, or rivets | 15/00; 19/00
locking stud-and-socket fastenings against axial movement | 21/00
With screw-thread |
screws; bolts, break-bolts, nuts | 25/00, 15/06, 27/00; 27/00, 31/00, 35/00, 37/00
features common to bolts and screws | 23/00, 27/00, 33/00
deformation of nut or equivalent while fastening; locking of screws, bolts, or nuts | 29/00; 39/00
Accessories for fastening means | 41/00, 43/00

|  | F16C |
SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS [5]

|  | F16C |
2. Note(s) In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "rotary bodies other than gearing elements" covers any element which rotates so far as its features are affected only by the fact that it rotates. Attention is drawn to the following places:
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01B 71/04 | Bearings for agricultural machines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 31/07 | Adaptation of roll bearings for metal-rolling mills |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 1/25 | Bearings for movable or adjustable work or tool supports |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61C 17/10 | Connecting-rods, bearings for driving wheels of railway locomotives |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61F 15/00 | Axle-boxes for railway vehicles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62K 21/06 | Bearings for steering heads |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E06B 9/174, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E06B 9/50 | Bearings specially adapted for roller shutters or for roller blinds |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 10/22 | Bearings for drill bits |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C 21/02 | Arrangement of bearings in rotary-piston machines or engines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 25/16 | Arrangement of bearings in non-positive displacement machines or engines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 7/06 | Arrangement of bearings in gas-turbine plants |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/16 | Bearings for gyroscopes |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/02 | Bearings or suspensions for moving parts of measuring instruments |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 21/02 | Arrangements of bearings in weighing apparatus |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 1/10 | Arrangements of bearings in instruments for measuring electric variables |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 11/12 | Arrangements of bearings for apparatus for measuring time integral of electric power or current |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02C 5/22 | Hinges for spectacles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 31/00 | Bearings for clockwork |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N 15/00 | Magnetic levitation devices. [5] |

|  | F16C |
Subclass index
FLEXIBLE TRANSMISSIONS, SHAFTS, AXLES, CRANKS, ECCENTRICS | 1/00, 3/00
CROSSHEADS, CONNECTING-RODS | 5/00, 7/00, 9/00
PIVOTS | 11/00
ROLLS, DRUMS, DISCS | 13/00
BEARINGS |
For rotatable parts | 13/00, 17/00 - 27/00
For linearly-movable parts | 29/00
For parts which both rotate and move linearly | 31/00
For crankshafts or connecting- rods | 9/00
Not otherwise provided for | 32/00
Supports; parts or accessories | 27/00, 35/00; 33/00, 41/00
Cooling; relieving load | 37/00; 39/00
MAKING, ASSEMBLING | 33/00, 43/00
CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATABLE BODIES TO RESIST CENTRIFUGAL FORCE | 15/00

|  | F16D |
COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES [2]

|  | F16D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 69/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 69/10 | Clutches or brakes of harvesting machines for grass or cereals |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61C 1/18 | Clutches in dental machines for boring or cutting |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 35/14 | Drive couplings for metal-rolling mills |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 15/10 | Brakes specially adapted for presses |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 15/12 | Clutches specially adapted for presses |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J 33/52 | Braking devices for ribbon-feed devices in selective printing mechanisms |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60K 17/00 | Arrangement or location of clutches in vehicles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61H | Brakes peculiar to rail vehicles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62B 5/04 | Braking mechanisms for hand carts |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62B 9/08 | Braking mechanisms for children's carriages or perambulators |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62C 7/00 | Braking mechanisms for animal-drawn vehicles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62L | Cycle brakes |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66D 5/00 | Braking devices for lifting or hoisting gear |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 17/02 | Couplings for drilling rods |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 3/04 | Brakes for electric motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 13/04 | Clutches for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information. |

|  | F16D |
Subclass index
COUPLINGS |
In general | 1/00
Yielding; impulse; slip | 3/00; 5/00; 7/00
With safety members | 9/00
Using a fluid as power-transmitting means | 31/00, 33/00, 39/00
CLUTCHES |
Mechanically actuated |
the members being in direct contact | 11/00, 13/00, 17/00
with separate members | 15/00
others; combinations | 19/00; 21/00
details | 23/00
Non-mechanically actuated |
by fluid | 25/00, 29/00
magnetically actuated | 27/00, 29/00
electrically actuated | 28/00, 29/00
Using a fluid as power-transmitting means | 31/00 - 37/00
Freewheels, automatic | 41/00, 43/00, 45/00
Combinations | 45/00, 47/00
External control of clutches | 48/00
FREEWHEELS OR FREEWHEEL CLUTCHES | 41/00, 45/00
BRAKES |
Characterised by their function | 49/00 - 55/00
Using resistance of liquid or air | 57/00
Automatic | 59/00
With means for making available for use the energy absorbed | 61/00
Others | 63/00
Details | 65/00, 69/00, 71/00
Monitoring working conditions | 66/00
COMBINATIONS OF DIFFERENT DEVICES | 47/00, 67/00

|  | F16F |
SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION

|  | F16F |
2. Note(s) This subclass covers: springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers; their arrangement in, or adaptation for, particular apparatus, if not provided for in the subclasses covering said apparatus. [5] This subclass does not cover the arrangement or adaptation of springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers in, or for, particular apparatus, if provided for in the subclasses concerning the said apparatus, e.g.
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47C 23/00-A47C 27/00 | Spring mattresses |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 5/075 | Vibration dampers in skis |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60G | Vehicle suspensions |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R 19/24 | Mounting of bumpers on vehicles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61F | Rail vehicle suspensions |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61G 11/00 | Buffers for railway or tramway vehicles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 21/15 | Vehicle chassis frames having impact absorbing means |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62J 1/02 | Resiliently mounted saddles on cycles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62K 21/08 | Steering dampers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63H 1/15 | Marine propellers having vibration-damping means |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63H 21/30 | Anti-vibration mounting of marine propulsion plant in ships |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C 25/58 | Arrangement of shock-absorbers or springs in aeroplane alighting gear |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 81/02 | Containers, packing elements or packages with shock-absorbing means |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06F 37/20 | Resilient mountings in washing machines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06F 49/06 | Resilient mountings in domestic spin-dryers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03G 1/00 | Spring motors |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V 15/04 | Resilient mounting of lighting devices |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F41A 25/00 | Gun cradles to permit recoil |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F41B 5/20 | Vibration dampers for archery bows |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/00 | Indicating or recording in connection with measuring |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G 21/10 | Weighing apparatus, e.g. arrangement of shock-absorbers in weighing apparatus |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B | Clocks, watches |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B 3/08 | Damping of movements in instruments |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 7/20 | Disposition of shock-absorbing devices for displacable control elements in nuclear reactors. |

|  | F16F |
Subclass index
SPRINGS |
Friction type; fluid type; magnetic type | 1/00, 3/00; 5/00, 9/00; 6/00
VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS |
Friction type; fluid type | 7/00, 11/00; 9/00, 11/00
UNITS COMBINING SPRINGS AND VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS | 13/00
SUPPRESSION OF VIBRATION, BALANCING | 15/00

|  | F16G |
BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR

|  | F16G |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 21/04 | Fastening equipment for chains, ropes or the like for ships |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 21/20 | Adaptations of chains, ropes or the like for ships |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 15/30 | Endless conveyer belts |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 17/38, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 19/20 | Traction chains for conveyers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H | Gearings using flexible members |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H 9/24 | Chains specially adapted for gearings with variable ratio |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05F | Preventing or carrying-off electrostatic charges. |

|  | F16G |
Subclass index
BELTS; BELT FASTENINGS | 1/00, 5/00; 3/00, 7/00
CABLES OR ROPES; FASTENINGS THEREFOR | 9/00; 11/00
CHAINS, CHAIN HOOKS | 13/00, 15/00, 17/00

|  | F16H |
GEARING

|  | F16H |
3. Note(s) In this subclass, sets of rigidly-connected members are regarded as single members. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used ith the meanings indicated: "toothed gearing" includes worm gearing and other gearing involving at least one wheel or sector provided with teeth or the equivalent, except gearing with chains or toothed belts, which is treated as friction gearing; "conveying motion" includes transmitting energy, and means that the applied and resultant motions are of the same kind, though they may differ in, e.g. speed, direction, extent; "rotary" implies that the motion may continue indefinitely. "oscillating" means moving about an axis to an extent which is limited by the construction of the gearing and which may exceed one revolution, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing; "reciprocating" means moving substantially in a straight line, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing; "reversing" or "reversal" means that an applied movement in one direction may produce a resultant movement in either of two opposed directions at will; "central gears" includes any gears whose axis is the main axis of the gearing. Attention is drawn to the following places:
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 69/06 | Gearings in harvesting machines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H 31/00 | Gearing for toys |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 35/12 | Toothed-weel gearing for metal-rolling mills |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60K | Arrangement of transmissions in vehicles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61C 9/00 | Transmissions or railway locomotives |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 3/00 | Vehicle steering gears |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62M | Transmissions for cycles |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63H 23/00 | Transmissions for marine propulsion |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63H 25/00 | Marine steering gears |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04 | Machines, engines, pumps |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 15/00 | Gearings associated with fluid-actuated devices |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/04 | Gearing used in indicating or recording apparatus in connection with measuring devices |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 1/00 | Driving arrangements for tuning resonant circuits |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 13/04 | Driving mechanisms for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information. [5] |

|  | F16H |
Subclass index
GEARINGS NOT LIMITED TO ROTARY MOTION |
Mechanical gearings |
using levers, links, or cams | 21/00 - 25/00
using intermittently-driving members | 27/00 - 31/00
other gearings; combinations of gearings | 19/00, 33/00, 35/00; 37/00
details | 51/00 - 57/00
Fluid gearing | 43/00
GEARINGS FOR CONVEYING ROTARY MOTION |
Toothed gearings | 1/00, 3/00
Using endless flexible members | 7/00, 9/00
Other friction gearing | 13/00, 15/00
Fluid gearing | 39/00, 41/00, 45/00
Using intermittently-driving gearing | 29/00
CONTROL |
of change-speed- or reversing-gearings conveying rotary motion | 59/00 - 63/00
COMBINATIONS OF GEARINGS; DIFFERENTIAL GEARINGS; OTHER GEARINGS | 47/00; 48/00; 49/00
GENERAL DETAILS OF GEARINGS | 57/00

|  | F16J |
PISTONS; CYLINDERS; PRESSURE VESSELS IN GENERAL; SEALINGS

|  | F16J |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J 27/08 | Pressure cookers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/68 | Sealing building joints |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05C 9/00 | Multi-point fastening of wings in general |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B | Machines or engines in general or of reciprocating type, e.g. cylinders peculiar to steam engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B 31/28 |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02F 1/00 | Cylinders for combustion engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02F 3/00 | Pistons for combustion engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D 29/08 | Sealings of non-positive displacement pumps |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17B 1/04 | Sealing devices for sliding parts of gas holders of variable capacity |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F 9/04 | Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers. |

|  | F16J |
Subclass index
PISTONS, TRUNK PISTONS, OR PLUNGERS; PISTON-RODS | 1/00; 7/00
DIAPHRAGMS, BELLOWS, BELLOWS PISTONS; PISTON-RINGS | 3/00; 9/00
CYLINDERS, HOLLOW BODIES | 10/00
PRESSURE VESSELS; COVERS | 12/00; 13/00
SEALINGS | 15/00

|  | F16K |
VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING

|  | F16K |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J 27/09 | Safety devices for pressure cookers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J 31/46 | Dispensing spouts, drain valves or like beverage-making apparatus |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/0235 | Valves specially adapted for measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 2/24 | Heart valves |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 16/20 | Valves specially adapted for medical respiratory devices |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 39/00 | Tube connectors, tube couplings, valves or branch units specially adapted for medical use in general |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62B 9/02 | Valves for respiratory apparatus |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62B 18/10 | Valves for breathing masks or helmets |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C | Fire extinguishers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B | Nozzles, spray heads or other discharge apparatus for spraying or atomising |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C 29/00 | Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves relative to tyres or wheel rims; Connection of valves to wheel rims, tyres or other inflatable elastic bodies |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60G 17/048 | Valves specially adapted for adjusting vehicle fluid-spring characteristics |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T | Valves specially adapted for vehicle brake control systems |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 5/08 | Vehicle power-assisted steering characterised by the type of valve used |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63C 9/00 | Arrangement of inflating valves for floatable live-saving equipment |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 47/04 | Container closures with discharging valves |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 83/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 83/44 | Nozzles or valves specially adapted for aerosol containers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 90/32 | Safety valves for large containers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 90/54 | Gates or closures on large containers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67C 3/28 | Flow control devices for bottling liquids |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67D | Dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 8/00 | Details, e.g. valves, of barrages or weirs |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 13/02 | Closures for irrigation conduits |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03D | Flushing valves for water-closets or urinals |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05F 3/12 | Valve arrangement in door closers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 21/10 | Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 34/00 | Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B 25/10 | Working-fluid valves for controlling machines or engines in general or of positive-displacement type |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 17/10 | Final actuators for controlling non-positive displacement machines or engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L | Cyclically operated valves for machines or engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02D 9/08 | Throttle valves for controlling combustion engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 9/58 | Propellant feed valves for rocket-engines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M | Carburettors, fuel injection |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M 59/46 | Valves for fuel injection pumps |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04 | Pumps |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16F 9/34 | Valves for shock absorbers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 29/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/28 | Pipe joints or quick-acting couplings with fluid cut-off means |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 55/00 | Arrangement of valves in pipes |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 55/055 | Valves specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effect of water hammer |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 55/46 | Launching devices for pigs or moles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 23/00 | Check valves for lubrication systems |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17C 13/04 | Arrangement of valves in pressure vessels |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B 37/44 | Arrangement of safety valves on steam boilers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22D 5/34 | Application of valves to automatic water-feed in boiler |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23L 13/00 | Valves for air supply control to burners |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q 2/173 | Valves for lighters with gaseous fuel and adjustable flame |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 3/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 5/16 | Arrangement of valves on stoves or ranges |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24F | Air conditioning; Ventilation |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25B 41/04 | Disposition of fluid circulation valves in refrigeration machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D | Controlling non-electric variables |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10B 3/06 | Valves for organs |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10D 9/04 | Valves for other wind-actuated musical instruments. [5] |

|  | F16K |
Subclass index
CONSTRUCTIONAL TYPES |
Lift-valves, gate valves or sliding valves, taps, diaphragm cut-off apparatus | 1/00 - 7/00
Multiple-way valves | 11/00
Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus, arrangements for cutting off | 13/00
FUNCTIONAL TYPES |
Check valves; safety or equalising valves; arrangements for mixing fluids | 15/00; 17/00; 11/00
Fluid-delivery valves; valves for preventing drip from nozzles | 21/00; 23/00
For venting or aerating enclosures | 24/00
DETAILS OR GENERAL MEANS |
Handling or control | 29/00, 31/00, 39/00, 43/00
Auxiliary means | 47/00, 49/00
Safety | 35/00, 37/00
Details: contact between valve members and seats, housings, floats, sealings | 25/00, 27/00, 33/00, 41/00
Other details | 51/00

|  | F16L |
PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

|  | F16L |
2. Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "pipe" means a conduit of closed cross-section, which is specially adapted to convey fluids, materials or objects; "hose" means a pipe, as defined above, which has flexibility as an essential characteristic. [5] Attention is drawn to the following places:
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61M 39/00 | Tube connectors, tube couplings or branch units, specially adapted for medical use |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B 1/20 | Perforated pipes |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 35/03 | Pipe-laying vessels |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64D 39/04 | Adaptation of hose constructions for refuelling aircraft during flight |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67D 5/36 | Arrangements of hoses in apparatus for transferring liquids, e.g. fuel, from bulk to vehicles or portable containers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01D 19/10 | Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03B | Water supply installations |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03D 11/17 | Means for connecting water-closet bowls to the flushing pipe |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03D 11/18 | Siphons for water-closets |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03F 3/04 | Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04D 13/08 | Down pipes for roof drainage; Clamping means therefor |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04F 17/00 | Vertical ducts, channels in buildings, e.g. chimneys |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21F 1/04 | Air ducts for ventilation of mines or tunnels; Connections therefor |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21F 17/02 | Suspension devices for tubes or the like in mines or tunnels |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N | Gas flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 21/00 | Conduits, junctions for lubrication systems |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17C 3/02 | Thermal insulation of vessels not under pressure for storing liquified or solidified gases, e.g. Dewar flask |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B 37/10 | Water tubes of steam boilers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23J 13/04 | Joints, connections for chimneys or flues |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H 9/12 | Connecting circulation pipes to heaters |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F 9/04 | Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 15/22 | Structural association of coolant tubes with headers or other pipes in nuclear reactors |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 3/04 | Protective tubing or conduits for electric cables |
   Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 3/26 | Installations of electric cables or lines, or protective tubing on or in walls, ceilings or floors. |

|  | F16L |
Subclass index
LAYING OR RECLAIMING PIPES | 1/00
SUPPORTING | 3/00, 5/00, 7/00
PIPES | 9/00, 11/00
PIPE JOINTS |
Constructional kinds |
non-disconnectable | 13/00
screw-threaded | 15/00
with separate joints: pressing member; sleeve or socket; flanged joints | 19/00; 21/00; 23/00
bends or siphons | 43/00
other joints | 25/00
Functional kinds |
with self-tightening sealings | 17/00
adjustable or allowing movement | 27/00
with fluid cut-off means | 29/00
of quick-acting type | 37/00
for double-walled or multi-channel pipes | 39/00
branching pipes, joining pipes to walls | 41/00
special for hoses | 31/00, 33/00, 35/00
special for pipes: of plastics; of brittle material | 47/00; 49/00
PIPING UNITS |
Cleaning features | 45/00
Compensation devices | 51/00
Heating or cooling | 53/00
Accessories | 55/00
PROTECTION: AGAINST DAMAGE; CORROSION OR INCRUSTATION; THERMAL INSULATION | 57/00; 58/00; 59/00

|  | F16M |
FRAMES, CASINGS, OR BEDS, OF ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO AN ENGINE, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS OR SUPPORTS

|  | F16M |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 31/02 | Metal-rolling stand frames |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/30 | Supports specially adapted for indicating or recording instruments. |

|  | F16M |
Subclass index
FRAMES, CASINGS, OR BEDS |
Displaceable | 3/00
For engines, machines, or apparatus | 1/00, 5/00
Foundations; details | 9/00; 7/00
STANDS OR SUPPORTS | 11/00, 13/00

|  | F16N |
LUBRICATING

|  | F16N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 69/12 | Lubrication of harvesters |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J 3/00 | Lubricating during forging or pressing |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25D 17/26 | Lubricating of portable power-driven percussive tools |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R 17/00 | Arrangements or adaptations of lubricating systems or devices in vehicles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61C 17/08 | Lubrication systems for railway locomotives |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 55/092 | Vehicle endless-track units with lubrication means |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B 35/28 | Devices for lubricating knitting machine parts |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05B 17/08 | Lubricating devices for locks |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05D 11/02 | Lubricating arrangements for hinges |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 10/22 | Lubricating details of roller drill bits for earth drilling. |

|  | F16N |
Subclass index
MODIFICATIONS OF APPARATUS OR MACHINES TO ENSURE LUBRICATION | 1/00
LUBRICATION DEVICES |
Stationary; mobile; manual | 7/00, 11/00; 9/00; 3/00, 5/00
Lubricating-pumps | 13/00
Details: reservoirs; conduits; check valves | 19/00; 21/00; 23/00
EQUIPMENT FOR DISTRIBUTION, PROPORTIONING, SAFETY, CONTROL, CLEANING | 23/00 - 33/00
HANDLING OF LUBRICANTS, STORAGE | 33/00 - 39/00
SPECIAL LUBRICATION | 15/00, 17/00

|  | F16P |
SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL

|  | F16P |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 75/18 | Harvesting machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01F 21/00 | Threshing machines or baling presses |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B02C 23/04 | Crushing or disintegrating machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B 33/00 | Rolling of metal |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 55/00 | Working sheet metal or tubes, rods or profiles without essentially removing material |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 25/04 | Turning-machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 11/00 | Machine tools |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 55/00 | Grinding or polishing machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25D 17/10 | Portable power-driven percussive tools |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25J 19/06 | Manipulators |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26D 7/22 | Cutting machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27G 19/00 | Wood saws |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B 57/00 | Packaging machines or apparatus |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 43/00 | Conveyers |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 26/00 | Web-advancing mechanisms |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 63/00 | Handling or winding of thin or filamentary material |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G 31/00 | Treatment of fibres |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01H 13/14 | Spinning or twisting |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B 83/00 | Sewing machines |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V 25/00 | Lighting devices. |

|  | F16S |
CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL

|  | F16S |
Note(s) This subclass does not cover similar elements and structures, restricted to use in the building art, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C.

|  | F16T |
STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS