|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C01 |
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/00; fermentation or enzyme-using processes for the preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P 3/00; obtaining metal compounds from mixtures, e.g. ores, which are intermediate compounds in a metallurgical process for obtaining a free metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B)

|  | C01 |
Note(s) In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]

|  | C01B |
NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF

|  | C01B |
Note(s) In this subclass, tradenames that are often found in scientific and patent literature have been used in order to define precisely the scope of the groups. [6] Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C. [3]

|  | C01B |
Subclass index
HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; WATER; HYDRIDES | 3/00; 4/00; 5/00; 6/00
SYNTHESIS GAS | 3/00
HALOGENS OR THEIR COMPOUNDS | 7/00, 9/00, 11/00
OXYGEN, OXIDES IN GENERAL; PER-COMPOUNDS | 13/00; 15/00
SULFUR, COMPOUNDS THEREOF | 17/00
NITROGEN, COMPOUNDS THEREOF | 21/00
PHOSPHORUS, COMPOUNDS THEREOF | 25/00
CARBON, COMPOUNDS THEREOF | 31/00
SILICON, COMPOUNDS THEREOF | 33/00
SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM; BORON | 19/00; 35/00
NOBLE GASES | 23/00
COMPOUNDS HAVING MOLECULAR SIEVE PROPERTIES BUT NOT HAVING BASE-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES | 37/00
COMPOUNDS HAVING MOLECULAR SIEVE AND BASE-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES | 39/00

|  | C01B 3/00 - C01B 6/00 |
Hydrogen; Hydrides; Water; Synthesis gas from hydrocarbons

|  | C01B 3/00 |
Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it (separation of gases by physical means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D); Purification of hydrogen (production of water-gas or synthesis gas from solid carbonaceous material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10J; purifying or modifying the chemical compositions of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10K) [3]

|  | C01B 3/02 |
· | Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen [3]

|  | C01B 3/04 |
· · | by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia [3]

|  | C01B 3/06 |
· · | by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents (by electrolysis of water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 1/04) [3]

|  | C01B 3/08 |
· · · | with metals [3]

|  | C01B 3/10 |
· · · · | by reaction of water vapour with metals [3]

|  | C01B 3/12 |
· · · | by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide [3]

|  | C01B 3/14 |
· · · · | Handling of heat and steam [3]

|  | C01B 3/16 |
· · · · | using catalysts [3]

|  | C01B 3/18 |
· · · · | using moving solid particles [3]

|  | C01B 3/20 |
· · · | by reaction of metal hydroxides with carbon monoxide [3]

|  | C01B 3/22 |
· · | by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds (coking liquid carbonaceous materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B 55/00) [3]

|  | C01B 3/24 |
· · · | of hydrocarbons [3]

|  | C01B 3/26 |
· · · · | using catalysts [3]

|  | C01B 3/28 |
· · · · | using moving solid particles [3]

|  | C01B 3/30 |
· · · · · | using the fluidised bed technique [3]

|  | C01B 3/32 |
· · | by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air [3]

|  | C01B 3/34 |
· · · | by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents [3]

|  | C01B 3/36 |
· · · · | using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents [3]

|  | C01B 3/38 |
· · · · | using catalysts [3]

|  | C01B 3/40 |
· · · · · | characterised by the catalyst [3]

|  | C01B 3/42 |
· · · · · | using moving solid particles [3]

|  | C01B 3/44 |
· · · · · · | using the fluidised bed technique [3]

|  | C01B 3/46 |
· · · · | using discontinuously preheated non-moving solid materials, e.g. blast and run [3]

|  | C01B 3/48 |
· · · · | followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide [3]

|  | C01B 3/50 |
· | Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 3/14 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C01B 3/52 |
· · | by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids [3]

|  | C01B 3/54 |
· · · | including a catalytic reaction [3]

|  | C01B 3/56 |
· · | by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids [3]

|  | C01B 3/58 |
· · · | including a catalytic reaction [3]

|  | C01B 4/00 |
Hydrogen isotopes; Inorganic compounds thereof prepared by isotope exchange, e.g. NH3+D2 NH2D+HD (separation of isotopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00; other chemical reactions to form compounds of hydrogen isotopes, see the relevant groups for hydrogen compounds in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01) [2]

|  | C01B 5/00 |
Water

|  | C01B 5/02 |
· | Heavy water; Preparation by chemical reaction of hydrogen isotopes or their compounds, e.g. 4ND3+7O2 4NO2+6D2O, 2D2+O2 2D2O

|  | C01B 6/00 |
Hydrides of metals; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof (higher hydrides of boron, substituted hydrides of boron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 35/00) [2]

|  | C01B 6/02 |
· | Hydrides of transition elements; Addition complexes thereof

|  | C01B 6/04 |
· | Hydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, beryllium or magnesium; Addition complexes thereof

|  | C01B 6/06 |
· | Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof

|  | C01B 6/10 |
· · | Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof [2]

|  | C01B 6/11 |
· · · | Preparation from boron or inorganic compounds containing boron and oxygen [2]

|  | C01B 6/13 |
· · · | Addition complexes of monoborane or diborane, e.g. with phosphine, arsine or hydrazine [2]

|  | C01B 6/15 |
· · · · | Metal borohydrides; Addition complexes thereof [2]

|  | C01B 6/17 |
· · · · · | Preparation from boron or inorganic compounds containing boron and oxygen [2]

|  | C01B 6/19 |
· · · · · | Preparation from other compounds of boron [2]

|  | C01B 6/21 |
· · · · · · | Preparation of borohydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, magnesium or beryllium; Addition complexes thereof, e.g. LiBH4.2N2H4, NaB2H7 [2]

|  | C01B 6/23 |
· · · · · · | Preparation of borohydrides of other metals, e.g. aluminium borohydride; Addition complexes thereof, e.g. Li [Al(BH4)3H] [2]

|  | C01B 6/24 |
· | Hydrides containing at least two metals, e.g. Li(AlH4); Addition complexes thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 6/13-C01B 6/23 take precedence) [2]

|  | C01B 6/26 |
· · | Preparation from the metal with the highest valency or from its oxides or salts of its oxyacids

|  | C01B 6/34 |
· | Purification; Stabilisation

|  | C01B 7/00 - C01B 11/00 |
Halogens; Compounds thereof

|  | C01B 7/00 |
Halogens; Halogen acids (oxyacids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 11/00)

|  | C01B 7/01 |
· | Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride [2]

|  | C01B 7/03 |
· · | Preparation from chlorides [2,3]

|  | C01B 7/04 |
· · · | Preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride [3]

|  | C01B 7/05 |
· · · | Preparation from ammonium chloride [2,3]

|  | C01B 7/07 |
· · | Purification [2,3]

|  | C01B 7/075 |
· · · | of liquid chlorine [2,3]

|  | C01B 7/09 |
· | Bromine; Hydrogen bromide [2]

|  | C01B 7/13 |
· | Iodine; Hydrogen iodide [2]

|  | C01B 7/14 |
· · | Iodine [2]

|  | C01B 7/16 |
· · · | Preparation from seaweed [2]

|  | C01B 7/19 |
· | Fluorine; Hydrogen fluoride [2]

|  | C01B 7/20 |
· · | Fluorine [2]

|  | C01B 7/24 |
· | Inter-halogen compounds

|  | C01B 9/00 |
General methods of preparing halides (particular individual halides, see the relevant groups in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G according to the element combined with the halogen; electrolytic production of inorganic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B)

|  | C01B 9/02 |
· | Chlorides

|  | C01B 9/04 |
· | Bromides

|  | C01B 9/06 |
· | Iodides

|  | C01B 9/08 |
· | Fluorides

|  | C01B 11/00 |
Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 11/02 |
· | Oxides of chlorine

|  | C01B 11/04 |
· | Hypochlorous acid

|  | C01B 11/06 |
· · | Hypochlorites, e.g. chlorinated lime

|  | C01B 11/08 |
· | Chlorous acid

|  | C01B 11/10 |
· · | Chlorites

|  | C01B 11/12 |
· | Chloric acid

|  | C01B 11/14 |
· · | Chlorates

|  | C01B 11/16 |
· | Perchloric acid

|  | C01B 11/18 |
· · | Perchlorates

|  | C01B 11/20 |
· | Oxygen compounds of bromine

|  | C01B 11/22 |
· | Oxygen compounds of iodine

|  | C01B 11/24 |
· | Oxygen compounds of fluorine

|  | C01B 13/00 - C01B 15/00 |
Oxygen; Oxides or hydroxides in general; Per-compounds

|  | C01B 13/00 |
Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general

|  | C01B 13/02 |
· | Preparation of oxygen (by liquefying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J)

|  | C01B 13/08 |
· · | from air with the aid of metal oxides, e.g. barium oxide, manganese oxide

|  | C01B 13/10 |
· | Preparation of ozone

|  | C01B 13/11 |
· · | by electric discharge [2]

|  | C01B 13/14 |
· | Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general (particular individual oxides or hydroxides, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B, according to the element combined with the oxygen or hydroxy group)

|  | C01B 13/16 |
· · | Purification [3]

|  | C01B 13/18 |
· · | by thermal decomposition of compounds, e.g. of salts or hydroxides [3]

|  | C01B 13/20 |
· · | by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state [3]

|  | C01B 13/22 |
· · · | of halides or oxyhalides [3]

|  | C01B 13/24 |
· · · · | in the presence of hot combustion gases [3]

|  | C01B 13/26 |
· · · · | in the presence of a fluidised bed [3]

|  | C01B 13/28 |
· · · · | using a plasma or an electric discharge [3]

|  | C01B 13/30 |
· · · · | Removal and cooling of the oxide containing suspension [3]

|  | C01B 13/32 |
· · | by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state [3]

|  | C01B 13/34 |
· · | by oxidation or hydrolysis of sprayed or atomised solutions [3]

|  | C01B 13/36 |
· · | by precipitation reactions in solutions [3]

|  | C01B 15/00 |
Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides

|  | C01B 15/01 |
· | Hydrogen peroxide [3]

|  | C01B 15/013 |
· · | Separation; Purification; Concentration [3]

|  | C01B 15/017 |
· · · | Anhydrous hydrogen peroxide; Anhydrous solutions or gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide [3]

|  | C01B 15/022 |
· · | Preparation from organic compounds [2]

|  | C01B 15/023 |
· · · | by the alkyl-anthraquinone process [3]

|  | C01B 15/024 |
· · · | from hydrocarbons [3]

|  | C01B 15/026 |
· · · | from alcohols [3]

|  | C01B 15/027 |
· · | Preparation from water [3]

|  | C01B 15/029 |
· · | Preparation from hydrogen and oxygen [3]

|  | C01B 15/03 |
· · | Preparation from inorganic peroxy-compounds, e.g. from peroxysulfates [3]

|  | C01B 15/032 |
· · · | from metal peroxides [3]

|  | C01B 15/037 |
· · | Stabilisation by additives [3]

|  | C01B 15/04 |
· | Metal peroxides or peroxyhydrates thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides [3]

|  | C01B 15/043 |
· · | of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or of magnesium [2,3]

|  | C01B 15/047 |
· · | of heavy metals [2,3]

|  | C01B 15/055 |
· | Peroxyhydrates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/04 takes precedence); Peroxyacids or salts thereof [3]

|  | C01B 15/06 |
· · | containing sulfur [3]

|  | C01B 15/08 |
· · · | Peroxysulfates [3]

|  | C01B 15/10 |
· · | containing carbon [3]

|  | C01B 15/12 |
· · | containing boron [3]

|  | C01B 15/14 |
· · | containing silicon [3]

|  | C01B 15/16 |
· · | containing phosphorus [3]

|  | C01B 17/00 |
Sulfur; Compounds thereof

|  | C01B 17/02 |
· | Preparation of sulfur; Purification

|  | C01B 17/027 |
· · | Recovery of sulfur from material containing elemental sulfur, e.g. luxmasses; Purification [3]

|  | C01B 17/033 |
· · · | using a liquid extractant [3]

|  | C01B 17/04 |
· · | from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides

|  | C01B 17/05 |
· · · | by wet processes [3]

|  | C01B 17/06 |
· · | from non-gaseous sulfides or materials containing such sulfides, e.g. ores

|  | C01B 17/10 |
· · | Finely-divided sulfur, e.g. sublimed sulfur, flowers of sulfur

|  | C01B 17/12 |
· · | Insoluble sulfur (mu-sulfur)

|  | C01B 17/16 |
· | Hydrogen sulfides

|  | C01B 17/18 |
· · | Hydrogen polysulfides

|  | C01B 17/20 |
· | Methods for preparing sulfides or polysulfides, in general (ammonium sulfides or polysulfides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01C; sulfides or polysulfides of metals, other than alkali metals, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01F or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01G, according to the metal)

|  | C01B 17/22 |
· | Alkali metal sulfides or polysulfides

|  | C01B 17/24 |
· · | Preparation by reduction

|  | C01B 17/26 |
· · · | with carbon

|  | C01B 17/28 |
· · · | with reducing gases

|  | C01B 17/30 |
· · | Preparation from sodium or potassium amalgam with sulfur or sulfides

|  | C01B 17/32 |
· · | Hydrosulfides of sodium or potassium

|  | C01B 17/34 |
· · | Polysulfides of sodium or potassium

|  | C01B 17/36 |
· · | Purification

|  | C01B 17/38 |
· · | Dehydration

|  | C01B 17/40 |
· · | Making shaped products, e.g. granules

|  | C01B 17/42 |
· | Sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium

|  | C01B 17/43 |
· · | from oxides or hydroxides with sulfur or hydrogen sulfide

|  | C01B 17/44 |
· · | by reduction of sulfates

|  | C01B 17/45 |
· | Compounds containing sulfur and halogen, with or without oxygen

|  | C01B 17/46 |
· | Compounds containing sulfur, halogen, hydrogen, and oxygen

|  | C01B 17/48 |
· | Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid

|  | C01B 17/50 |
· · | Preparation of sulfur dioxide

|  | C01B 17/52 |
· · · | by roasting sulfides (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 1/00 takes precedence)

|  | C01B 17/54 |
· · · | by burning elemental sulfur

|  | C01B 17/56 |
· · · | Separation; Purification

|  | C01B 17/58 |
· · · | Recovery of sulfur dioxide from acid tar or the like

|  | C01B 17/60 |
· · · | Isolation of sulfur dioxide from gases

|  | C01B 17/62 |
· | Methods of preparing sulfites in general (particular individual sulfites, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G, according to the cation)

|  | C01B 17/64 |
· | Thiosulfates; Dithionites; Polythionates

|  | C01B 17/66 |
· · | Dithionites

|  | C01B 17/69 |
· | Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid [3]

|  | C01B 17/70 |
· · | Stabilisation of gamma-form sulfur trioxide

|  | C01B 17/74 |
· · | Preparation [3]

|  | C01B 17/76 |
· · · | by contact processes

|  | C01B 17/765 |
· · · · | Multi-stage SO3-conversion [3]

|  | C01B 17/77 |
· · · · | Fluidised-bed processes [3]

|  | C01B 17/775 |
· · · · | Liquid phase contacting processes or wet catalysis processes [3]

|  | C01B 17/78 |
· · · · | characterised by the catalyst used

|  | C01B 17/79 |
· · · · · | containing vanadium [3]

|  | C01B 17/80 |
· · · · | Apparatus

|  | C01B 17/82 |
· · · | of sulfuric acid using a nitrogen oxide process

|  | C01B 17/84 |
· · · · | Chamber process

|  | C01B 17/86 |
· · · · | Tower process

|  | C01B 17/88 |
· · | Concentration of sulfuric acid

|  | C01B 17/90 |
· · | Separation; Purification

|  | C01B 17/92 |
· · · | Recovery from acid tar or the like

|  | C01B 17/94 |
· · · | Recovery from nitration acids

|  | C01B 17/96 |
· | Methods for the preparation of sulfates in general (particular individual sulfates, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G, according to the cation)

|  | C01B 17/98 |
· | Other compounds containing sulfur and oxygen (persulfuric acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/06; persulfates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/08)

|  | C01B 19/00 |
Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof (phosphorus compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 25/14)

|  | C01B 19/02 |
· | Elemental selenium or tellurium [3]

|  | C01B 19/04 |
· | Binary compounds [3]

|  | C01B 21/00 |
Nitrogen; Compounds thereof

|  | C01B 21/02 |
· | Preparation of nitrogen (from ammonia Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 3/04)

|  | C01B 21/04 |
· | Purification or separation of nitrogen (by liquefying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J)

|  | C01B 21/06 |
· | Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron (azides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/08)

|  | C01B 21/064 |
· · | with boron [3]

|  | C01B 21/068 |
· · | with silicon [3]

|  | C01B 21/072 |
· · | with aluminium [3]

|  | C01B 21/076 |
· · | with titanium or zirconium [3]

|  | C01B 21/08 |
· | Hydrazoic acid; Azides; Halogen azides

|  | C01B 21/082 |
· | Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/08 take precedence) [3]

|  | C01B 21/083 |
· · | containing one or more halogen atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/084 |
· · · | containing also one or more oxygen atoms, e.g. nitrosyl halides [3]

|  | C01B 21/086 |
· · | containing one or more sulfur atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/087 |
· · | containing one or more hydrogen atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/088 |
· · · | containing also one or more halogen atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/09 |
· · · · | Halogeno-amines, e.g. chloramine [3]

|  | C01B 21/092 |
· · · | containing also one or more metal atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/093 |
· · · | containing also one or more sulfur atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/094 |
· · · · | Nitrosyl containing acids [3]

|  | C01B 21/096 |
· · · · | Amidosulfonic acid; Salts thereof [3]

|  | C01B 21/097 |
· · | containing phosphorus atoms [3]

|  | C01B 21/098 |
· · · | Phosphonitrilic dihalides; Polymers thereof [3]

|  | C01B 21/12 |
· · | Carbamic acid; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 21/14 |
· · | Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 21/16 |
· · | Hydrazine; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 21/20 |
· | Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 21/22 |
· · | Nitrous oxide (N2O)

|  | C01B 21/24 |
· · | Nitric oxide (NO)

|  | C01B 21/26 |
· · · | Preparation by catalytic oxidation of ammonia

|  | C01B 21/28 |
· · · · | Apparatus

|  | C01B 21/30 |
· · · | Preparation by oxidation of nitrogen

|  | C01B 21/32 |
· · · · | Apparatus

|  | C01B 21/34 |
· · | Nitrogen trioxide (N2O3)

|  | C01B 21/36 |
· · | Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, N2O4) (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/30 take precedence)

|  | C01B 21/38 |
· · | Nitric acid

|  | C01B 21/40 |
· · · | Preparation by absorption of oxides of nitrogen

|  | C01B 21/42 |
· · · | Preparation from nitrates

|  | C01B 21/44 |
· · · | Concentration

|  | C01B 21/46 |
· · · | Purification; Separation

|  | C01B 21/48 |
· · | Methods for the preparation of nitrates in general (particular individual nitrates, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G, according to the cation)

|  | C01B 21/50 |
· · | Nitrous acid; Salts thereof

|  | C01B 23/00 |
Noble gases; Compounds thereof (liquefying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J)

|  | C01B 25/00 |
Phosphorus; Compounds thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 23/00 take precedence; perphosphates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/16) [3]

|  | C01B 25/01 |
· | Treating phosphate ores or other raw phosphate materials to obtain phosphorus or phosphorus compounds [2]

|  | C01B 25/02 |
· | Preparation of phosphorus

|  | C01B 25/023 |
· · | of red phosphorus [2]

|  | C01B 25/027 |
· · | of yellow phosphorus [2]

|  | C01B 25/04 |
· | Purification of phosphorus

|  | C01B 25/043 |
· · | of red phosphorus [2]

|  | C01B 25/047 |
· · | of yellow phosphorus [2]

|  | C01B 25/06 |
· | Hydrogen phosphides

|  | C01B 25/08 |
· | Other phosphides

|  | C01B 25/10 |
· | Halides or oxyhalides of phosphorus [2]

|  | C01B 25/12 |
· | Oxides of phosphorus

|  | C01B 25/14 |
· | Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus

|  | C01B 25/16 |
· | Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof (peroxyacids or salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/00)

|  | C01B 25/163 |
· · | Phosphorous acid; Salts thereof [2]

|  | C01B 25/165 |
· · | Hypophosphorous acid; Salts thereof [2]

|  | C01B 25/168 |
· · | Pyrophosphorous acid; Salts thereof [2]

|  | C01B 25/18 |
· · | Phosphoric acid

|  | C01B 25/20 |
· · · | Preparation from elemental phosphorus or phosphoric anhydride

|  | C01B 25/22 |
· · · | Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process

|  | C01B 25/222 |
· · · · | with sulfuric acid, a mixture of acids mainly consisting of sulfuric acid or a mixture of compounds forming it in situ, e.g. a mixture of sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen [3]

|  | C01B 25/223 |
· · · · · | only one form of calcium sulfate being formed [3]

|  | C01B 25/225 |
· · · · · · | Dihydrate process [3]

|  | C01B 25/226 |
· · · · · · | Hemihydrate process [3]

|  | C01B 25/228 |
· · · · · | one form of calcium sulfate being formed and then converted to another form [3]

|  | C01B 25/229 |
· · · · · · | Hemihydrate-dihydrate process [3]

|  | C01B 25/231 |
· · · · · · | Dihydrate-hemihydrate process [3]

|  | C01B 25/232 |
· · · · · | Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process [3]

|  | C01B 25/234 |
· · · | Purification; Stabilisation; Concentration (purification concomitant with preparation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 25/22; preparation involving solvent-solvent extraction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 25/46) [3]

|  | C01B 25/235 |
· · · · | Clarification; Stabilisation to prevent post-precipitation of dissolved impurities [3]

|  | C01B 25/237 |
· · · · | Selective elimination of impurities [3]

|  | C01B 25/238 |
· · · · · | Cationic impurities [3]

|  | C01B 25/24 |
· · | Condensed phosphoric acids

|  | C01B 25/26 |
· · | Phosphates (perphosphates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/16)

|  | C01B 25/28 |
· · · | Ammonium phosphates

|  | C01B 25/30 |
· · · | Alkali metal phosphates

|  | C01B 25/32 |
· · · | Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium

|  | C01B 25/34 |
· · · · | Magnesium phosphates

|  | C01B 25/36 |
· · · | Aluminium phosphates

|  | C01B 25/37 |
· · · | Phosphates of heavy metals [2]

|  | C01B 25/38 |
· · · | Condensed phosphates

|  | C01B 25/39 |
· · · · | of alkali metals [3]

|  | C01B 25/40 |
· · · · | Polyphosphates [2]

|  | C01B 25/41 |
· · · · · | of alkali metals [3]

|  | C01B 25/42 |
· · · · | Pyrophosphates [2]

|  | C01B 25/44 |
· · · · | Metaphosphates [2]

|  | C01B 25/445 |
· · · · · | of alkali metals [3]

|  | C01B 25/45 |
· · · | containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium [3]

|  | C01B 25/455 |
· · · | containing halogen [3]

|  | C01B 25/46 |
· · | Preparation involving solvent-solvent extraction (solvent extraction in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 11/00) [2]

|  | C01B 31/00 |
Carbon; Compounds thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 23/00 take precedence; percarbonates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/10; carbon black Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09C 1/48; gas carbon production Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B) [3]

|  | C01B 31/02 |
· | Preparation of carbon (by using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/06; by crystal growth Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B); Purification

|  | C01B 31/04 |
· · | Graphite

|  | C01B 31/06 |
· · | Diamond

|  | C01B 31/08 |
· | Active carbon

|  | C01B 31/10 |
· · | Preparation by using gaseous activating agents

|  | C01B 31/12 |
· · | Preparation by using non-gaseous activating agents

|  | C01B 31/14 |
· · | Granulation (apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00)

|  | C01B 31/16 |
· | Preparation of ion-exchanging materials from carbonaceous material

|  | C01B 31/18 |
· | Carbon monoxide (metal carbonyls Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01G)

|  | C01B 31/20 |
· | Carbon dioxide

|  | C01B 31/22 |
· · | Solidifying

|  | C01B 31/24 |
· | Methods for the preparation of carbonates or bicarbonates in general (percarbonates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/10; particular individual carbonates, see the relevant groups of subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B-C01G, according to the cation)

|  | C01B 31/26 |
· | Compounds containing carbon and sulfur, e.g. carbon disulfide, carbon oxysulfide; Thiophosgene

|  | C01B 31/28 |
· | Phosgene

|  | C01B 31/30 |
· | Carbides (alloys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22)

|  | C01B 31/32 |
· · | Calcium carbide

|  | C01B 31/34 |
· · | Tungsten or molybdenum carbides

|  | C01B 31/36 |
· · | Carbides of silicon or boron

|  | C01B 33/00 |
Silicon; Compounds thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 23/00 take precedence; persilicates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/14; carbides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 31/36) [3]

|  | C01B 33/02 |
· | Silicon (forming single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B) [5]

|  | C01B 33/021 |
· · | Preparation (chemical coating from the vapour phase Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C 16/00) [5]

|  | C01B 33/023 |
· · · | by reduction of silica or silica-containing material [5]

|  | C01B 33/025 |
· · · · | with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process [5]

|  | C01B 33/027 |
· · · | by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material [5]

|  | C01B 33/029 |
· · · · | by decomposition of monosilane [5]

|  | C01B 33/03 |
· · · · | by decomposition of silicon halides or halosilanes or reduction thereof with hydrogen as the only reducing agent [5]

|  | C01B 33/031 |
· · · · · | by decomposition of silicon tetraiodide [5]

|  | C01B 33/033 |
· · · · | by reduction of silicon halides or halosilanes with a metal or a metallic alloy as the only reducing agents [5]

|  | C01B 33/035 |
· · · · | by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds in the presence of heated filaments of silicon, carbon or a refractory metal, e.g. tantalum or tungsten, or in the presence of heated silicon rods on which the formed silicon is deposited, a silicon rod being obtained, e.g. Siemens process [5]

|  | C01B 33/037 |
· · | Purification (by zone-melting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B 13/00) [5]

|  | C01B 33/039 |
· · · | by conversion of the silicon into a compound, optional purification of the compound, and reconversion into silicon [5]

|  | C01B 33/04 |
· | Hydrides of silicon

|  | C01B 33/06 |
· | Metal silicides (alloys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22)

|  | C01B 33/08 |
· | Compounds containing halogen

|  | C01B 33/10 |
· · | Compounds containing silicon, fluorine, and other elements

|  | C01B 33/107 |
· · | Halogenated silanes [3]

|  | C01B 33/113 |
· | Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof [3]

|  | C01B 33/12 |
· · | Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid [3]

|  | C01B 33/14 |
· · · | Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols [3]

|  | C01B 33/141 |
· · · · | Preparation of hydrosols or aqueous dispersions [3]

|  | C01B 33/142 |
· · · · · | by acidic treatment of silicates [3]

|  | C01B 33/143 |
· · · · · · | of aqueous solutions of silicates [3]

|  | C01B 33/145 |
· · · · | Preparation of hydroorganosols, organosols or dispersions in an organic medium [3]

|  | C01B 33/146 |
· · · · | After-treatment of sols (preparation of hydroorganosols, organosols or dispersions in an organic medium from hydrosols Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/145) [3]

|  | C01B 33/148 |
· · · · · | Concentration; Drying; Dehydration; Stabilisation; Purification [3]

|  | C01B 33/149 |
· · · · · | Coating [3]

|  | C01B 33/151 |
· · · · · | by progressively adding a sol to a different sol, i.e. "build up" of particles using a "heel" [3]

|  | C01B 33/152 |
· · · · | Preparation of hydrogels [3]

|  | C01B 33/154 |
· · · · · | by acidic treatment of aqueous silicate solutions [3]

|  | C01B 33/155 |
· · · · | Preparation of hydroorganogels or organogels [3]

|  | C01B 33/157 |
· · · · | After-treatment of gels [3]

|  | C01B 33/158 |
· · · · · | Purification; Drying; Dehydrating [3]

|  | C01B 33/159 |
· · · · · | Coating or hydrophobisation [3]

|  | C01B 33/16 |
· · · | Preparation of silica xerogels [3]

|  | C01B 33/18 |
· · · | Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof (preparation of aerogels by dehydrating gels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/158; treatment to enhance the pigmenting or filling properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09C) [3]

|  | C01B 33/187 |
· · · · | by acidic treatment of silicates [3]

|  | C01B 33/193 |
· · · · · | of aqueous solutions of silicates [3]

|  | C01B 33/20 |
· | Silicates (persilicates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/14)

|  | C01B 33/21 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/44 )

|  | C01B 33/22 |
· · | Magnesium silicates

|  | C01B 33/24 |
· · | Alkaline earth metal silicates

|  | C01B 33/26 |
· · | Aluminium-containing silicates [5]

|  | C01B 33/30 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/38 )

|  | C01B 33/32 |
· · | Alkali metal silicates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/26 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C01B 33/34 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 39/00 )

|  | C01B 33/36 |
· · | having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties (regeneration thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 49/00) [6]

|  | C01B 33/38 |
· · · | Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type [6]

|  | C01B 33/40 |
· · · · | Clays [6]

|  | C01B 33/42 |
· · · · | Micas [6]

|  | C01B 33/44 |
· · · · | Products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds, e.g. organoclay material [6]

|  | C01B 33/46 |
· · · | Amorphous silicates, e.g. so-called "amorphous zeolites" (crystalline zeolites Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 39/00) [6]

|  | C01B 35/00 |
Boron; Compounds thereof (monoborane, diborane, metal borohydrides or addition complexes thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 6/00; perborates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 15/12; binary compounds with nitrogen Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 21/06; phosphides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 25/08; carbides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 31/36; alloys containing boron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22) [2]

|  | C01B 35/02 |
· | Boron; Borides [2]

|  | C01B 35/04 |
· · | Metal borides [2]

|  | C01B 35/06 |
· | Boron halogen compounds [2]

|  | C01B 35/08 |
· | Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium [2]

|  | C01B 35/10 |
· · | Compounds containing boron and oxygen (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 35/06 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C01B 35/12 |
· · · | Borates [2]

|  | C01B 35/14 |
· · | Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium or tellurium [2]

|  | C01B 35/16 |
· | Compounds containing direct bonding between two boron atoms, e.g. Cl2B—BCl2 [2]

|  | C01B 35/18 |
· | Compounds containing three or more boron atoms, e.g. NaB3H8, MgB10Br10 (borazoles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 35/14) [2]

|  | C01B 37/00 - C01B 39/00 |
Compounds characterised primarily by their physical or chemical properties, rather than by their chemical constitution [6]

|  | C01B 37/00 |
Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties [6]

|  | C01B 37/02 |
· | Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites [6]

|  | C01B 37/04 |
· | Aluminophosphates (APO compounds) [6]

|  | C01B 37/06 |
· | Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron [6]

|  | C01B 37/08 |
· · | Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO compounds) [6]

|  | C01B 39/00 |
Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination (treatment to modify the sorption properties, e.g. shaping using a binder, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/10; treatment to modify the catalytic properties, e.g. combination of treatments to make the zeolites appropriate to their use as a catalyst, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 29/04; treatment to improve the ion-exchange properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 39/14; regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchange properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 49/00; preparation of stabilised suspensions used in detergents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D 3/12) [6]

|  | C01B 39/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: [6] "zeolites" means: [6] crystalline aluminosilicates with base-exchange and molecular sieve properties, having three dimensional, microporous lattice framework structure of tetrahedral oxide units; [6] compounds isomorphous to those of the former category, wherein the aluminium or silicon atoms in the framework are partly or wholly replaced by atoms of other elements, e.g. by gallium, germanium, phosphorus or boron. [6]

|  | C01B 39/02 |
· | Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants: After-treatment thereof [6]

|  | C01B 39/04 |
· · | using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound [6]

|  | C01B 39/06 |
· · | Preparation of isomorphous zeolites characterised by measures to replace the aluminium or silicon atoms in the lattice framework by atoms of other elements [6]

|  | C01B 39/08 |
· · · | the aluminium atoms being wholly replaced [6]

|  | C01B 39/10 |
· · · | the replacing atoms being phosphorus atoms [6]

|  | C01B 39/12 |
· · · | the replacing atoms being boron atoms [6]

|  | C01B 39/14 |
· · | Type A, as exemplified by patent documents US A 2,882,243 and GB A 1,035,644 [6]

|  | C01B 39/16 |
· · · | from aqueous solutions of an alkali metal aluminate and an alkali metal silicate excluding any other source of alumina or silica but seeds [6]

|  | C01B 39/18 |
· · · | from a reaction mixture containing at least one aluminium silicate or aluminosilicate of a clay type, e.g. kaolin or metakaolin or its exotherm modification or allophane [6]

|  | C01B 39/20 |
· · | Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y, as exemplified by patent documents US A 2,882,244 and US A 3,130,007, respectively [6]

|  | C01B 39/22 |
· · · | Type X [6]

|  | C01B 39/24 |
· · · | Type Y [6]

|  | C01B 39/26 |
· · | Mordenite type [6]

|  | C01B 39/28 |
· · | Phillipsite or harmotome type, e.g. type B, as exemplified by patent document US A 3,008,803 [6]

|  | C01B 39/30 |
· · | Erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US A 2,950,952 [6]

|  | C01B 39/32 |
· · | Type L, as exemplified by patent document US A 3,216,789 [6]

|  | C01B 39/34 |
· · | Type ZSM-4, as exemplified by patent document GB A 1,117,568, or type , as exemplified by patent document GB A 1,178,186 [6]

|  | C01B 39/36 |
· · | Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US A 3,702,886, GB A 1,334,243 and US A 3,709,979, respectively [6]

|  | C01B 39/38 |
· · · | Type ZSM-5 [6]

|  | C01B 39/40 |
· · · · | using at least one organic template directing agent [6]

|  | C01B 39/42 |
· · | Type ZSM-12, as exemplified by patent document US A 3,832,449 [6]

|  | C01B 39/44 |
· · | Ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38, as exemplified by patent documents US A 4,046,859, US A 4,016,245 and US A 4,046,859, respectively [6]

|  | C01B 39/46 |
· · | Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition [6]

|  | C01B 39/48 |
· · · | using at least one organic template directing agent [6]

|  | C01B 39/50 |
· | Zeolites wherein inorganic bases or salts occlude channels in the lattice framework, e.g. sodalite, cancrinite, nosean, hauynite [6]

|  | C01B 39/52 |
· · | Sodalites [6]

|  | C01B 39/54 |
· | Phosphates, e.g. APO or SAPO compounds [6]