|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H03 |
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

|  | H03J |
TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS (indicating arrangements for measuring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D; measuring, testing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; remote-control in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08; automatic control or stabilisation of generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L)

|  | H03J |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the control of tuning, including the combined control of tuning and other functions, e.g. combinations of tuning control and volume control, combinations of control of local oscillator and of supplementary resonant circuits. [3]

|  | H03J |
Subclass index
TUNING |
Continuous | 3/00
Discontinuous | 5/00
Automatic frequency control | 7/00
Remote control | 9/00
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY SCANNING | 7/00
DETAILS | 1/00

|  | H03J 1/00 |
Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general (machine elements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16; coupling of knobs to shafts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D) [3]

|  | H03J 1/02 |
· | Indicating arrangements

|  | H03J 1/04 |
· · | with optical indicating means

|  | H03J 1/06 |
· | Driving or adjusting arrangements; combined with other driving or adjusting arrangements, e.g. of gain control

|  | H03J 1/08 - H03J 1/12 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 1/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 1/16 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 1/08-H03J 1/12.

|  | H03J 1/08 |
· · | Toothed-gear drive; Worm drive

|  | H03J 1/10 |
· · | Rope drive; Chain drive

|  | H03J 1/12 |
· · | Friction drive

|  | H03J 1/14 |
· · | Special arrangements for fine and coarse tuning

|  | H03J 1/16 |
· · | Single control means independently performing two or more functions

|  | H03J 1/18 |
· | Control by auxiliary power

|  | H03J 1/20 |
· · | the auxiliary power being switched on as long as controlling current is switched on

|  | H03J 1/22 |
· · | with stepping arrangements actuated by control pulses

|  | H03J 3/00 |
Continuous tuning (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 9/00 take precedence; combination of continuous and discontinuous tuning other than for bandspreading Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 5/00) [3]

|  | H03J 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | H03J 3/04 |
· · | Arrangements for compensating for variations of physical values, e.g. temperature (automatic control of ambient conditions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | H03J 3/06 |
· · | Arrangements for obtaining constant bandwidth or gain throughout tuning range or ranges (automatic gain control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G)

|  | H03J 3/08 |
· · · | by varying a second parameter simultaneously with the tuning, e.g. coupling bandpass filter

|  | H03J 3/10 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for fine tuning, e.g. bandspreading

|  | H03J 3/12 |
· · | Electrically-operated arrangements for indicating correct tuning

|  | H03J 3/14 |
· · · | Visual indication, e.g. magic eye

|  | H03J 3/16 |
· · | Tuning without displacement of reactive element, e.g. by varying permeability

|  | H03J 3/18 |
· · · | by discharge tube or semiconductor device simulating variable reactance

|  | H03J 3/20 |
· | of single resonant circuit by varying inductance only or capacitance only

|  | H03J 3/22 |
· | of single resonant circuit by varying inductance and capacitance simultaneously

|  | H03J 3/24 |
· | of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the circuits being tuned to substantially the same frequency, e.g. for single-knob tuning

|  | H03J 3/26 |
· · | the circuits being coupled so as to form a bandpass filter

|  | H03J 3/28 |
· | of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the tuning frequencies of the circuits having a substantially constant difference throughout the tuning range

|  | H03J 3/30 |
· · | Arrangements for ensuring tracking with variable inductors

|  | H03J 3/32 |
· · | Arrangements for ensuring tracking with variable capacitors

|  | H03J 5/00 |
Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 9/00 take precedence; for bandspreading Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 3/10) [3]

|  | H03J 5/02 |
· | with variable tuning element having a number of predetermined settings and adjustable to a desired one of these settings

|  | H03J 5/04 |
· · | operated by hand

|  | H03J 5/06 |
· · · | Settings determined by single indexing means with snap action

|  | H03J 5/08 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of separately-actuated positioning means

|  | H03J 5/10 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of positioning means mounted on a common support, which is adjustable to desired positions, a different positioning means being in operation in each position

|  | H03J 5/12 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of separately-actuated driving means which adjust the tuning element directly to desired settings

|  | H03J 5/14 |
· · | operated by auxiliary power

|  | H03J 5/16 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of separate positioning means actuated by hand

|  | H03J 5/18 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of separate positioning means actuated by electromagnets

|  | H03J 5/20 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of positioning means actuated by a second means adjustable to different positions by the same or by a second auxiliary power

|  | H03J 5/22 |
· · · | Settings determined by a number of separately actuated driving means which adjust the tuning element directly to desired settings

|  | H03J 5/24 |
· | with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection, for television channel selection (switches in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H)

|  | H03J 5/26 |
· · | operated by hand

|  | H03J 5/28 |
· · · | Tuning circuits or elements supported on a revolving member with contacts arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis

|  | H03J 5/30 |
· · · | Tuning circuits or elements supported on a revolving member with contacts arranged in lines parallel to the axis

|  | H03J 5/32 |
· · · | Stationary tuning circuits or elements selected by push-button

|  | H03J 7/00 |
Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies [3]

|  | H03J 7/02 |
· | Automatic frequency control (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/18 takes precedence; automatic tuning control for television receivers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/50) [3]

|  | H03J 7/04 |
· · | where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant [3]

|  | H03J 7/06 |
· · · | using counters or frequency dividers [3]

|  | H03J 7/08 |
· · · | using varactors, i.e. voltage variable reactive diodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/06 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03J 7/10 |
· · · · | Modification of automatic frequency control sensitivity or linearising automatic frequency control operation [3]

|  | H03J 7/12 |
· · · · | Combination of automatic frequency control voltage with stabilised varactor supply voltage [3]

|  | H03J 7/14 |
· · · | Controlling the magnetic state of inductor cores (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/06 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03J 7/16 |
· · | where the frequency control is accomplished by mechanical means, e.g. by a motor [3]

|  | H03J 7/18 |
· | Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies [3]

|  | H03J 7/20 |
· · | where the scanning is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element [3]

|  | H03J 7/22 |
· · · | in which an automatic frequency control circuit is brought into action after the scanning action has been stopped (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/24 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03J 7/24 |
· · · | using varactors, i.e. voltage variable reactive diodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 7/28 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03J 7/26 |
· · · · | in which an automatic frequency control circuit is brought into action after the scanning action has been stopped [3]

|  | H03J 7/28 |
· · · | using counters or frequency dividers [3]

|  | H03J 7/30 |
· · | where the scanning is accomplished by mechanical means, e.g. by a motor [3]

|  | H03J 7/32 |
· · | with simultaneous display of received frequencies, e.g. panoramic receivers [3]

|  | H03J 9/00 |
Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification (mechanical remote-control arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 1/00) [3]

|  | H03J 9/02 |
· | using radio transmission; using near-field transmission [3]

|  | H03J 9/04 |
· | using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves [3]

|  | H03J 9/06 |
· | using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light [3]