|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H03 |
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

|  | H03G |
CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION (impedance networks, e.g. attenuators, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H; control of transmission in lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 3/04)

|  | H03G |
Note(s) This subclass covers: control of gain of amplifiers or frequency-changers; control of frequency range of amplifiers; limiting amplitude or rate of change of amplitude. Attention is drawn to the Note following the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F. [3]

|  | H03G |
Subclass index
GAIN CONTROL | 3/00
TONE CONTROL | 5/00
COMPRESSORS OR EXPANDERS; LIMITERS | 7/00; 11/00
COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE TYPES OF CONTROL | 9/00
DETAILS | 1/00

|  | H03G 1/00 |
Details of arrangements for controlling amplification

|  | H03G 1/02 |
· | Remote control of amplification, tone, or bandwidth (remote control in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08; combined with remote tuning or selection of resonant circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J)

|  | H03G 1/04 |
· | Modifications of control circuit to reduce distortion caused by control (modifications to reduce influence of variations of internal impedance of amplifying elements caused by control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F 1/08)

|  | H03G 3/00 |
Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers (gated amplifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F 3/72; peculiar to television receivers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N)

|  | H03G 3/02 |
· | Manually-operated control

|  | H03G 3/04 |
· · | in untuned amplifiers

|  | H03G 3/06 |
· · · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 3/08 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 3/10 |
· · · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 3/12 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 3/14 |
· · | in frequency-selective amplifiers

|  | H03G 3/16 |
· · · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 3/18 |
· · · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 3/20 |
· | Automatic control (combined with volume compression or expansion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 7/00)

|  | H03G 3/22 |
· · | in amplifiers having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 3/24 |
· · · | Control dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level

|  | H03G 3/26 |
· · · | Muting amplifier when no signal is present

|  | H03G 3/28 |
· · · · | in frequency-modulation receivers

|  | H03G 3/30 |
· · | in amplifiers having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 3/32 |
· · · | the control being dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level

|  | H03G 3/34 |
· · · | Muting amplifier when no signal is present

|  | H03G 5/00 |
Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers

|  | H03G 5/02 |
· | Manually-operated control (variable bandpass or bandstop filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H 7/12)

|  | H03G 5/04 |
· · | in untuned amplifiers

|  | H03G 5/06 |
· · · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 5/08 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 5/10 |
· · · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 5/12 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 5/14 |
· · | in frequency-selective amplifiers

|  | H03G 5/16 |
· | Automatic control

|  | H03G 5/18 |
· · | in untuned amplifiers

|  | H03G 5/20 |
· · · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 5/22 |
· · · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 5/24 |
· · | in frequency-selective amplifiers

|  | H03G 5/26 |
· · · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 5/28 |
· · · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 7/00 |
Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers

|  | H03G 7/02 |
· | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 7/04 |
· · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 7/06 |
· | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 7/08 |
· · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 9/00 |
Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control

|  | H03G 9/02 |
· | in untuned amplifiers (combined tone controls for low and high frequencies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 5/00)

|  | H03G 9/04 |
· · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 9/06 |
· · · | for gain control and tone control

|  | H03G 9/08 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 9/10 |
· · · | for tone control and volume expansion or compression

|  | H03G 9/12 |
· · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 9/14 |
· · · | for gain control and tone control

|  | H03G 9/16 |
· · · · | incorporating negative feedback

|  | H03G 9/18 |
· · · | for tone control and volume expansion or compression

|  | H03G 9/20 |
· | in frequency-selective amplifiers

|  | H03G 9/22 |
· · | having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 9/24 |
· · | having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 9/26 |
· | in untuned amplifying stages as well as in frequency-selective amplifying stages (gain control in both stages Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 3/00; tone control or bandwidth control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 5/00)

|  | H03G 9/28 |
· · | all amplifying stages having discharge tubes

|  | H03G 9/30 |
· · | all amplifying stages having semiconductor devices

|  | H03G 11/00 |
Limiting amplitude; Limiting rate of change of amplitude

|  | H03G 11/02 |
· | by means of diodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 11/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 11/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03G 11/08 take precedence)

|  | H03G 11/04 |
· | Limiting level dependent on strength of signal; Limiting level dependent on strength of carrier on which signal is modulated

|  | H03G 11/06 |
· | Limiters of angle-modulated signals; such limiters combined with discriminators (discriminators having an inherent limiting action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D 3/00)

|  | H03G 11/08 |
· | Limiting rate of change of amplitude