|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F42 |
Note(s) Guide to the use of this subsection (classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump; "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa; "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa; "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear; "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action; "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments; "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear; "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby; "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section; "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa; "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam; "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible; "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded; "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Mmachines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". In this subsection: cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned: the principle which resides in their elaboration, the classifying characteristics which they call for, and their complementarity. Principle This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here. Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass. Subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned. This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses. Thus, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C. Characteristics The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: Machines; engines; pumps. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: Positive displacement; non-positive displacement. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid. Complementarity This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid. The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table: It is seen from this table that: For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

ENGINEERING IN GENERAL

|  | F16 |
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

|  | F16N |
LUBRICATING

|  | F16N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following places:
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01D 69/12 | Lubrication of harvesters |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J 3/00 | Lubricating during forging or pressing |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25D 17/26 | Lubricating of portable power-driven percussive tools |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R 17/00 | Arrangements or adaptations of lubricating systems or devices in vehicles |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61C 17/08 | Lubrication systems for railway locomotives |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 55/092 | Vehicle endless-track units with lubrication means |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B 35/28 | Devices for lubricating knitting machine parts |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05B 17/08 | Lubricating devices for locks |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E05D 11/02 | Lubricating arrangements for hinges |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 10/22 | Lubricating details of roller drill bits for earth drilling. |

|  | F16N |
Subclass index
MODIFICATIONS OF APPARATUS OR MACHINES TO ENSURE LUBRICATION | 1/00
LUBRICATION DEVICES |
Stationary; mobile; manual | 7/00, 11/00; 9/00; 3/00, 5/00
Lubricating-pumps | 13/00
Details: reservoirs; conduits; check valves | 19/00; 21/00; 23/00
EQUIPMENT FOR DISTRIBUTION, PROPORTIONING, SAFETY, CONTROL, CLEANING | 23/00 - 33/00
HANDLING OF LUBRICANTS, STORAGE | 33/00 - 39/00
SPECIAL LUBRICATION | 15/00, 17/00

|  | F16N 1/00 - F16N 11/00 |
Lubrication devices or arrangements for oil or grease

|  | F16N 1/00 |
Constructional modifications of parts of machines or apparatus for the purpose of lubrication

|  | F16N 3/00 |
Devices for supplying lubricant by manual action (draining equipment for liquid containers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D)

|  | F16N 3/02 |
· | delivering oil

|  | F16N 3/04 |
· · | Oil cans; Oil syringes

|  | F16N 3/06 |
· · · | delivering on squeezing

|  | F16N 3/08 |
· · · | incorporating a piston-pump

|  | F16N 3/10 |
· | delivering grease

|  | F16N 3/12 |
· · | Grease guns

|  | F16N 5/00 |
Apparatus with hand-positioned nozzle supplied with lubricant under pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 3/00 takes precedence)

|  | F16N 5/02 |
· | Nozzles or nozzle-valve arrangements therefor, e.g. high-pressure grease guns

|  | F16N 7/00 |
Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated (axle-box lubrication for railway rolling-stock Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61F 17/00)

|  | F16N 7/02 |
· | with gravity feed or drip lubrication

|  | F16N 7/04 |
· · | with oil flow promoted by vibration

|  | F16N 7/06 |
· · | Arrangements in which the droplets are visible

|  | F16N 7/08 |
· · | controlled by means of the temperature of the member to be lubricated (thermostats Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | F16N 7/10 |
· · | incorporating manually-operated regulating means, e.g. spindles

|  | F16N 7/12 |
· | with feed by capillary action, e.g. by wicks

|  | F16N 7/14 |
· | the lubricant being conveyed from the reservoir by mechanical means (by pumping devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 7/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 7/38; adaptations for lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M)

|  | F16N 7/16 |
· · | the oil being carried up by a lifting device (scoop devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D)

|  | F16N 7/18 |
· · · | with one or more feed members fixed on a shaft

|  | F16N 7/20 |
· · · | with one or more members moving around the shaft to be lubricated

|  | F16N 7/22 |
· · · · | shaped as rings

|  | F16N 7/24 |
· · · | with discs, rollers, belts, or the like contacting the shaft to be lubricated

|  | F16N 7/26 |
· · | Splash lubrication (mist lubrication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 7/32)

|  | F16N 7/28 |
· · | Dip lubrication

|  | F16N 7/30 |
· | the oil being fed or carried along by another fluid (in internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02F)

|  | F16N 7/32 |
· · | Mist lubrication (splash lubrication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 7/26)

|  | F16N 7/34 |
· · · | Atomising devices for oil (atomising devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B)

|  | F16N 7/36 |
· | with feed by pumping action of the member to be lubricated or of a shaft of the machine; Centrifugal lubrication

|  | F16N 7/38 |
· | with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems

|  | F16N 7/40 |
· · | in a closed circulation system

|  | F16N 9/00 |
Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a moving reservoir or the equivalent (also usable with a stationary reservoir Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 7/00)

|  | F16N 9/02 |
· | with reservoir on or in a rotary member

|  | F16N 9/04 |
· | with reservoir on or in a reciprocating, rocking, or swinging member

|  | F16N 11/00 |
Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups

|  | F16N 11/02 |
· | Hand-actuated grease cups, e.g. Stauffer cups

|  | F16N 11/04 |
· | Spring-loaded devices

|  | F16N 11/06 |
· | Weight-loaded devices

|  | F16N 11/08 |
· | with mechanical drive, other than directly by springs or weights (lubricating-pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 13/00)

|  | F16N 11/10 |
· | by pressure of another fluid

|  | F16N 11/12 |
· | by centrifugal action

|  | F16N 13/00 |
Lubricating-pumps (oil cans with pump Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 3/08; pumps for liquids in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04)

|  | F16N 13/02 |
· | with reciprocating piston (pumps with distributing equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 13/22)

|  | F16N 13/04 |
· · | Adjustable reciprocating pumps

|  | F16N 13/06 |
· · | Actuation of lubricating-pumps

|  | F16N 13/08 |
· · · | by hand

|  | F16N 13/10 |
· · · | with mechanical drive (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 13/18 takes precedence)

|  | F16N 13/12 |
· · · · | with ratchet

|  | F16N 13/14 |
· · · · | with cam or wobble-plate on shaft parallel to the pump cylinder or cylinders

|  | F16N 13/16 |
· · · | with fluid drive

|  | F16N 13/18 |
· · · | relative movement of pump parts being produced by inertia of one of the parts or of a driving member

|  | F16N 13/20 |
· | Rotary pumps (with distributing equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 13/22)

|  | F16N 13/22 |
· | with distributing equipment (separate distributing equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 25/00)

|  | F16N 15/00 |
Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 17/00 takes precedence; lubricating compositions, selection of particular substances as lubricants in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M; bearings with surfaces incorporating lubricant Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C 33/04; lubrication specially adapted to machines or apparatus provided for in a single other class, see the relevant class for the machine or apparatus)

|  | F16N 15/02 |
· | with graphite or graphite-containing compositions

|  | F16N 15/04 |
· | with water (bearings working in water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | F16N 17/00 |
Lubrication of machines or apparatus working under extreme conditions (additives to lubricating oil or lubricating grease Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M)

|  | F16N 17/02 |
· | at high temperature (of turbines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C; lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M)

|  | F16N 17/04 |
· | at low temperature (lubrication of refrigerating machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25B)

|  | F16N 17/06 |
· | in vacuum or under reduced pressure (lubrication of evacuating pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04; of rotary anodes of X-ray tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 35/10)

|  | F16N 19/00 - F16N 31/00 |
Details of lubricators or lubrication systems

|  | F16N 19/00 |
Lubricant containers for use in lubricators or lubrication systems

|  | F16N 21/00 |
Conduits; Junctions (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L); Fittings for lubrication apertures

|  | F16N 21/02 |
· | Lubricating nipples

|  | F16N 21/04 |
· | Nozzles for connection of lubricating equipment to nipples

|  | F16N 21/06 |
· | Covering members for nipples, conduits, or apertures

|  | F16N 23/00 |
Special adaptations of check valves (check valves in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K)

|  | F16N 25/00 |
Distributing equipment

|  | F16N 25/02 |
· | with reciprocating distributing slide valve

|  | F16N 25/04 |
· | with rotary distributing member (combined with oil pump Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 13/22)

|  | F16N 27/00 |
Proportioning devices (liquid meters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F)

|  | F16N 27/02 |
· | Gating equipment (multiple-way valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; metering cocks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F)

|  | F16N 29/00 |
Special means in lubricating arrangements or systems providing for the indication or detection of undesired conditions; Use of devices responsive to conditions in lubricating arrangements or systems (in bearings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C; constructions of apparatus outside the lubricating arrangements or systems, see the relevant classes)

|  | F16N 29/02 |
· | for influencing the supply of lubricant

|  | F16N 29/04 |
· | enabling a warning to be given; enabling moving parts to be stopped

|  | F16N 31/00 |
Means for collecting, retaining, or draining-off lubricant in or on machines or apparatus (oil separators for separating oil from exhaust steam Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22G)

|  | F16N 31/02 |
· | Oil catchers; Oil wipers (oil-scraping rings for pistons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J 9/20)

|  | F16N 33/00 |
Mechanical arrangements for cleaning lubricating equipment; Special racks or the like for use in draining lubricant from machine parts

|  | F16N 35/00 - F16N 39/00 |
Care of lubricants

|  | F16N 35/00 |
Storage of lubricants in engine-rooms or the like (storage containers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65)

|  | F16N 37/00 |
Equipment for transferring lubricant from one container to another

|  | F16N 37/02 |
· | for filling grease guns

|  | F16N 39/00 |
Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system (cleaning of lubricating oil, lubricating compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M)

|  | F16N 39/02 |
· | by cooling (heat-exchangers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28)

|  | F16N 39/04 |
· | by heating (heat-exchangers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28)

|  | F16N 39/06 |
· | by filtration (filters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; magnetic separators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C 1/00)

|  | F16N 39/08 |
· | by diluting, e.g. by addition of fuel (lubrication of machines or engines in general, of internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M)