|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C03 |
GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL

|  | C03B |
MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES

|  | C03B |
Subclass index
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS |
Processes before melting | 1/00, 3/00
Melting processes | 5/00, 7/00
Other processes | 8/00
SHAPING |
Blowing | 9/00
Pressing | 11/00
Rolling | 13/00
Other methods | 15/00 - 21/00
Manufacture of fibres or filaments | 37/00
Transporting during manufacture | 35/00
Preventing glass adhesion | 40/00
Production of quartz or fused silica articles | 20/00
AFTER-TREATMENTS |
Thermic treatment | 25/00, 29/00, 32/00
Tempering | 27/00
Severing | 23/26, 33/00
Re-forming | 23/00, 31/00
of fibres or filaments | 37/10

|  | C03B 1/00 - C03B 7/00 |
Melting the raw material

|  | C03B 1/00 |
Preparing the batches (chemical compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C)

|  | C03B 1/02 |
· | Compacting the glass batches, e.g. pelletising [5]

|  | C03B 3/00 |
Charging the melting furnaces

|  | C03B 3/02 |
· | combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet [5]

|  | C03B 5/00 |
Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture

|  | C03B 5/02 - C03B 5/14 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/02 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/04-C03B 5/14.

|  | C03B 5/02 |
· | in electric furnaces

|  | C03B 5/027 |
· · | by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating [3]

|  | C03B 5/03 |
· · · | Tank furnaces [5]

|  | C03B 5/033 |
· · | by using resistance heaters above or in the glass bath, i.e. by indirect resistance heating [3]

|  | C03B 5/04 |
· | in tank furnaces

|  | C03B 5/05 |
· · | Discontinuously-working tank furnaces, e.g. day tanks [5]

|  | C03B 5/06 |
· | in pot furnaces

|  | C03B 5/08 |
· · | Glass-melting pots

|  | C03B 5/10 |
· | in combined tank furnaces and pots

|  | C03B 5/12 |
· | in shaft furnaces

|  | C03B 5/14 |
· | in revolving cylindrical furnaces

|  | C03B 5/16 |
· | Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces

|  | C03B 5/167 |
· · | Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/42 take precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 5/173 |
· · | Apparatus for changing the composition of the molten glass in glass furnaces, e.g. for colouring the molten glass (chemical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C) [5]

|  | C03B 5/18 |
· · | Stirring devices; Homogenisation

|  | C03B 5/182 |
· · · | by moving the molten glass along fixed elements, e.g. deflectors, weirs, baffle plates [5]

|  | C03B 5/183 |
· · · | using thermal means, e.g. for creating convection currents [5]

|  | C03B 5/185 |
· · · · | Electric means [5]

|  | C03B 5/187 |
· · · | with moving elements [3]

|  | C03B 5/193 |
· · · | using gas, e.g. bubblers [3]

|  | C03B 5/20 |
· · | Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch

|  | C03B 5/225 |
· · | Refining (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/18 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 5/23 |
· · | Cooling the molten glass (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/225 take precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 5/235 |
· · | Heating the glass (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/225 take precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 5/237 |
· · · | Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces [5]

|  | C03B 5/24 |
· · | Automatically regulating the melting process

|  | C03B 5/26 |
· · | Outlets; Overflows

|  | C03B 5/28 |
· · | Siphons

|  | C03B 5/42 |
· · | Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls [3]

|  | C03B 5/425 |
· · · | Preventing corrosion or erosion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/44 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 5/43 |
· · · | Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks [5]

|  | C03B 5/435 |
· · · | Heating arrangements for furnace walls [5]

|  | C03B 5/44 |
· · · | Cooling arrangements for furnace walls [3]

|  | C03B 7/00 |
Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob

|  | C03B 7/01 |
· | Means for taking-off charges of molten glass [5]

|  | C03B 7/02 |
· | Forehearths, i.e. feeder channels [3]

|  | C03B 7/04 |
· · | Revolving forehearths [3]

|  | C03B 7/06 |
· · | Means for thermal conditioning or controlling the temperature of the glass [3]

|  | C03B 7/07 |
· · · | Electric means [5]

|  | C03B 7/08 |
· | Feeder spouts, e.g. gob feeders [3]

|  | C03B 7/082 |
· · | Pneumatic feeders [5]

|  | C03B 7/084 |
· · | Tube mechanisms [5]

|  | C03B 7/086 |
· · | Plunger mechanisms [5]

|  | C03B 7/088 |
· · | Outlets, e.g. orifice rings [5]

|  | C03B 7/09 |
· · | Spout blocks [5]

|  | C03B 7/092 |
· · | Stirring devices; Homogenisation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 5/18 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 7/094 |
· · | Means for heating, cooling or insulation [5]

|  | C03B 7/096 |
· · · | for heating [5]

|  | C03B 7/098 |
· · · · | electric [5]

|  | C03B 7/10 |
· | Cutting-off the glass flow with the aid of knives or scissors; Construction of the blades used [3]

|  | C03B 7/11 |
· · | Construction of the blades [5]

|  | C03B 7/12 |
· · | Cutting-off a free-hanging glass stream [3]

|  | C03B 7/14 |
· | Transferring molten glass or gobs to glass blowing or pressing machines (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 7/18-C03B 7/22 take precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 7/16 |
· · | using deflector chutes [3]

|  | C03B 7/18 |
· | Suction feeders [3]

|  | C03B 7/20 |
· | Scoop feeders [3]

|  | C03B 7/22 |
· | Gathering-devices in the form of rods or pipes [3]

|  | C03B 8/00 |
Production of glass by other processes than melting processes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/014 takes precedence; preparation of finely divided silica, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/18) [4]

|  | C03B 8/02 |
· | by liquid phase reaction processes [4]

|  | C03B 8/04 |
· | by gas phase reaction processes [4]

|  | C03B 9/00 - C03B 21/00 |
Shaping of glass (manufacture of fibres Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/00)

|  | C03B 9/00 |
Blowing glass; Production of hollow glass articles

|  | C03B 9/02 |
· | with the mouth; Auxiliary means therefor

|  | C03B 9/03 |
· · | Blow pipes [3]

|  | C03B 9/04 |
· · | Making hollow glass articles with feet or projections

|  | C03B 9/06 |
· · | Making hollow glass articles with double walls, e.g. vacuum flasks

|  | C03B 9/08 |
· | Finish-blowing with compressed air of blanks blown with the mouth

|  | C03B 9/10 |
· | Blowing glass cylinders for sheet manufacture

|  | C03B 9/12 |
· | starting from a ribbon of glass; Ribbon machines

|  | C03B 9/13 |
· | in gob feeder machines (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/29 take precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 9/14 |
· · | in "blow" machines or in "blow-and-blow" machines (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/193, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/20 take precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 9/16 |
· · · | in machines with turn-over moulds [3]

|  | C03B 9/18 |
· · · · | Rotary-table machines [3]

|  | C03B 9/19 |
· · · · · | having only one rotary table [3]

|  | C03B 9/193 |
· · | in "press-and-blow" machines [3]

|  | C03B 9/195 |
· · · | Rotary-table machines [3]

|  | C03B 9/197 |
· · · | Construction of the blank mould [3]

|  | C03B 9/20 |
· | in "vacuum blowing" or in "vacuum-and-blow" machines

|  | C03B 9/22 |
· · | Rotary table machines

|  | C03B 9/24 |
· · | Construction of the blank mould

|  | C03B 9/28 |
· | in machines of the endless-chain type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/12 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 9/29 |
· | Paste mould machines (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/28 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 9/295 |
· · | Rotary table machines [5]

|  | C03B 9/30 |
· | Details of blowing glass (for blowing with the mouth Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/02); Use of materials for the moulds

|  | C03B 9/31 |
· · | Blowing laminated glass articles or glass with enclosures, e.g. wires, bubbles [5]

|  | C03B 9/32 |
· · | Giving special shapes to parts of hollow glass articles

|  | C03B 9/325 |
· · · | Forming screw threads or lips at the mouth of hollow glass articles; Neck moulds [3]

|  | C03B 9/33 |
· · · | Making hollow glass articles with feet or projections; Moulds therefor [3]

|  | C03B 9/335 |
· · · | Forming bottoms to blown hollow glass articles; Bottom moulds [3]

|  | C03B 9/34 |
· · | Glass-blowing moulds not otherwise provided for

|  | C03B 9/347 |
· · · | Construction of the blank or blow mould [3]

|  | C03B 9/353 |
· · · | Mould holders [3]

|  | C03B 9/36 |
· · | Blow heads; Supplying, ejecting, or controlling the air

|  | C03B 9/38 |
· · | Means for cooling, heating, or insulating glass-blowing machines

|  | C03B 9/40 |
· · | Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass-blowing machines

|  | C03B 9/41 |
· · · | Electric or electronic systems (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00) [5]

|  | C03B 9/42 |
· · | Means for fusing, burning-off, or edge-melting combined with glass-blowing machines (uniting glass pieces by fusing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/20)

|  | C03B 9/44 |
· · | Means for discharging combined with glass-blowing machines, e.g. take-outs

|  | C03B 9/447 |
· · · | Means for the removal of glass articles from the blow-mould, e.g. take-outs [5]

|  | C03B 9/453 |
· · · | Means for pushing newly formed glass articles onto a conveyer, e.g. sweep-out mechanisms; Dead-plate mechanisms [5]

|  | C03B 9/46 |
· · | Means for cutting the hot glass in glass-blowing machines (burning-off Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/42)

|  | C03B 9/48 |
· · | Use of materials for the moulds [3]

|  | C03B 11/00 |
Pressing glass

|  | C03B 11/02 |
· | in machines with rotary tables

|  | C03B 11/04 |
· | in machines with moulds fed by suction

|  | C03B 11/05 |
· | in machines with reciprocating moulds [3]

|  | C03B 11/06 |
· | Construction of plunger or mould

|  | C03B 11/07 |
· · | Suction moulds [3]

|  | C03B 11/08 |
· · | for making solid articles, e.g. lenses

|  | C03B 11/10 |
· · | for making hollow articles

|  | C03B 11/12 |
· | Cooling, heating, or insulating the plunger, the mould, or the glass-pressing machine (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/38 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 11/14 |
· | with metal inserts

|  | C03B 11/16 |
· | Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass presses

|  | C03B 13/00 |
Rolling glass

|  | C03B 13/01 |
· | Rolling profiled glass articles [5]

|  | C03B 13/02 |
· | Rolling non-patterned sheets discontinuously

|  | C03B 13/04 |
· | Rolling non-patterned sheets continuously

|  | C03B 13/06 |
· | Rolling corrugated sheets

|  | C03B 13/08 |
· | Rolling patterned sheets

|  | C03B 13/10 |
· | Rolling multi-layer sheets

|  | C03B 13/12 |
· | Rolling glass with enclosures, e.g. wire or asbestos

|  | C03B 13/14 |
· | Rolling other articles

|  | C03B 13/16 |
· | Construction of the glass rollers

|  | C03B 13/18 |
· | Auxiliary means for rolling glass, e.g. sheet supports, gripping devices, hand-ladles, means for moving glass pots

|  | C03B 15/00 |
Drawing glass upwardly from the melt

|  | C03B 15/02 |
· | Drawing glass sheets

|  | C03B 15/04 |
· · | from the free surface of the melt

|  | C03B 15/06 |
· · | from a debiteuse

|  | C03B 15/08 |
· · | by means of bars below the surface of the melt

|  | C03B 15/10 |
· · | multi-layer glass sheets or glass sheets coated with coloured layers

|  | C03B 15/12 |
· · | Construction of the annealing tower

|  | C03B 15/14 |
· | Drawing tubes, cylinders, or rods from the melt

|  | C03B 15/16 |
· · | Drawing tubes, cylinders, or rods, coated with coloured layers

|  | C03B 15/18 |
· | Means for laying-down and conveying combined with the drawing of glass sheets, tubes, or rods

|  | C03B 17/00 |
Forming glass by flowing out, pushing-out, or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips

|  | C03B 17/02 |
· | Forming glass coated with coloured layers

|  | C03B 17/04 |
· | Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles

|  | C03B 17/06 |
· | Forming glass sheets [3]

|  | C03B 18/00 |
Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid

|  | C03B 18/02 |
· | Forming sheets

|  | C03B 18/04 |
· · | Changing or regulating the dimensions of the molten glass ribbon [3]

|  | C03B 18/06 |
· · · | using mechanical means, e.g. restrictor bars, edge rollers [3]

|  | C03B 18/08 |
· · · | using gas [3]

|  | C03B 18/10 |
· · · | using electric means [3]

|  | C03B 18/12 |
· · | Making multilayer, coloured or armoured glass (chemical aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C) [3]

|  | C03B 18/14 |
· · | Changing the surface of the glass ribbon, e.g. roughening (by chemical methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C) [3]

|  | C03B 18/16 |
· · | Construction of the float tank; Use of material for the float tank; Coating or protection of the tank wall [3]

|  | C03B 18/18 |
· · | Controlling or regulating the temperature of the float bath; Composition or purification of the float bath [3]

|  | C03B 18/20 |
· · | Composition of the atmosphere above the float bath; Treating or purifying the atmosphere above the float bath [3]

|  | C03B 18/22 |
· · · | Controlling or regulating the temperature of the atmosphere above the float tank [3]

|  | C03B 19/00 |
Other methods of shaping glass (manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/00)

|  | C03B 19/01 |
· | by progressive fusion of powdered glass onto a shaping substrate, i.e. accretion [5]

|  | C03B 19/02 |
· | by casting

|  | C03B 19/04 |
· | by centrifuging

|  | C03B 19/06 |
· | by sintering (production of quartz or fused silica articles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 20/00) [2]

|  | C03B 19/08 |
· | by foaming

|  | C03B 19/09 |
· | by fusing powdered glass in a shaping mould [3]

|  | C03B 19/10 |
· | Forming beads

|  | C03B 19/12 |
· | by liquid-phase reaction processes [5]

|  | C03B 19/14 |
· | by gas-phase reaction processes [5]

|  | C03B 20/00 |
Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles [3]

|  | C03B 21/00 |
Severing glass sheets, tubes, or rods while still plastic

|  | C03B 21/02 |
· | by cutting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/46 takes precedence)

|  | C03B 21/04 |
· | by punching out

|  | C03B 21/06 |
· | by flashing-off, burning-off, or fusing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/42 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 23/00 |
Re-forming shaped glass (re-forming fibres or filaments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/14)

|  | C03B 23/02 |
· | Re-forming glass sheets

|  | C03B 23/023 |
· · | by bending [3]

|  | C03B 23/025 |
· · · | by gravity [3]

|  | C03B 23/027 |
· · · · | with moulds having at least two upward pivotable mould sections [3]

|  | C03B 23/03 |
· · · | by press-bending between shaping moulds [3]

|  | C03B 23/031 |
· · · · | the glass sheets being in a vertical position (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/033 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/033 |
· · · · | in a continuous way, e.g. roll forming [3]

|  | C03B 23/035 |
· · · | using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum [3]

|  | C03B 23/037 |
· · | by drawing [3]

|  | C03B 23/04 |
· | Re-forming tubes or rods

|  | C03B 23/043 |
· · | Heating devices specially adapted for re-forming tubes or rods in general, e.g. burners [5]

|  | C03B 23/045 |
· · | Tools or apparatus specially adapted for re-forming tubes or rods in general, e.g. glass lathes, chucks (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/043 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/047 |
· · | by drawing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/025 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/049 |
· · | by pressing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 21/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/26 take precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/051 |
· · | by gravity, e.g. sagging [5]

|  | C03B 23/053 |
· · | by centrifuging (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/04 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/055 |
· · | by rolling [5]

|  | C03B 23/057 |
· · | by fusing, e.g. for flame sealing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 9/42, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 21/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 33/08 take precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 23/06 |
· · | by bending

|  | C03B 23/07 |
· · | by blowing, e.g. for making electric bulbs [3]

|  | C03B 23/08 |
· · | to exact dimensions, e.g. calibrating

|  | C03B 23/09 |
· · | Reshaping the ends, e.g. as grooves, threads or mouths [3]

|  | C03B 23/11 |
· · | Reshaping by drawing without blowing, in combination with separating, e.g. for making ampoules [3]

|  | C03B 23/13 |
· · | Reshaping combined with uniting or heat sealing, e.g. making vacuum bottles [3]

|  | C03B 23/18 |
· | Re-forming and sealing ampoules

|  | C03B 23/20 |
· | Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping

|  | C03B 23/203 |
· · | Uniting glass sheets (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/24 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 23/207 |
· · | Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 23/24 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 23/213 |
· · · | Joining projections or feet [3]

|  | C03B 23/217 |
· · · | for the production of cathode ray tubes or similarly shaped tubes [3]

|  | C03B 23/22 |
· · | Uniting glass lenses, e.g. forming bifocal lenses

|  | C03B 23/24 |
· · | Making hollow glass sheets or bricks

|  | C03B 23/26 |
· | Punching reheated glass

|  | C03B 25/00 - C03B 35/00 |
After-treatment of glass product (of fibres Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/10)

|  | C03B 25/00 |
Annealing glass products

|  | C03B 25/02 |
· | in a discontinuous way

|  | C03B 25/04 |
· | in a continuous way

|  | C03B 25/06 |
· · | with horizontal displacement of the glass products [3]

|  | C03B 25/08 |
· · · | of glass sheets [3]

|  | C03B 25/087 |
· · · · | being in a vertical position [5]

|  | C03B 25/093 |
· · · · | being in a horizontal position on a fluid support, e.g. a gas or molten metal [5]

|  | C03B 25/10 |
· · | with vertical displacement of the glass products [3]

|  | C03B 25/12 |
· · · | of glass sheets [3]

|  | C03B 27/00 |
Tempering glass products

|  | C03B 27/004 |
· | by bringing the hot glass product in contact with a solid cooling surface, e.g. sand grains [5]

|  | C03B 27/008 |
· | by using heat of sublimation of solid particles [5]

|  | C03B 27/012 |
· | by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisation; Heat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 27/008, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 27/016 take precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 27/016 |
· | by absorbing heat radiated from the glass product [5]

|  | C03B 27/02 |
· | using liquid [3,5]

|  | C03B 27/03 |
· · | the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt [5]

|  | C03B 27/04 |
· | using gas [3]

|  | C03B 27/044 |
· · | for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position [5]

|  | C03B 27/048 |
· · · | on a gas cushion [5]

|  | C03B 27/052 |
· · | for flat or bent glass sheets being in a vertical position [5]

|  | C03B 27/056 |
· · · | supported on the lower edge [5]

|  | C03B 27/06 |
· · | for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses [3]

|  | C03B 29/00 |
Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins

|  | C03B 29/02 |
· | in a discontinuous way

|  | C03B 29/04 |
· | in a continuous way

|  | C03B 29/06 |
· · | with horizontal displacement of the products [5]

|  | C03B 29/08 |
· · · | Glass sheets [5]

|  | C03B 29/10 |
· · · · | being in a vertical position [5]

|  | C03B 29/12 |
· · · · | being in a horizontal position on a fluid support, e.g. a gas or molten metal [5]

|  | C03B 29/14 |
· · | with vertical displacement of the products [5]

|  | C03B 29/16 |
· · · | Glass sheets [5]

|  | C03B 31/00 |
Manufacture of rippled or crackled glass

|  | C03B 32/00 |
Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 25/00-C03B 31/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities [2]

|  | C03B 32/02 |
· | Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles [5]

|  | C03B 33/00 |
Severing cooled glass (severing glass fibers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/16)

|  | C03B 33/02 |
· | Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 33/09 takes precedence; glass-cutting tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 33/10) [3]

|  | C03B 33/023 |
· · | the sheet being in a horizontal position [5]

|  | C03B 33/027 |
· · · | Scoring tool holders; Driving mechanisms therefor [5]

|  | C03B 33/03 |
· · · | Glass cutting tables; Apparatus for transporting or handling sheet glass during the cutting or breaking operations [5]

|  | C03B 33/033 |
· · · | Apparatus for opening score lines in glass sheets [5]

|  | C03B 33/037 |
· · · | Controlling or regulating [5]

|  | C03B 33/04 |
· · | Cutting or splitting in curves, especially for making spectacle lenses

|  | C03B 33/06 |
· | Cutting or splitting glass tubes, rods, or hollow products (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 33/09 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 33/07 |
· | Cutting armoured or laminated glass products [3]

|  | C03B 33/08 |
· | by fusing

|  | C03B 33/085 |
· · | Tubes, rods or hollow products [5]

|  | C03B 33/09 |
· | by thermal shock [3]

|  | C03B 33/095 |
· · | Tubes, rods or hollow products [5]

|  | C03B 33/10 |
· | Glass-cutting tools, e.g. scoring tools

|  | C03B 33/12 |
· · | Hand tools [3]

|  | C03B 33/14 |
· · · | specially adapted for cutting tubes, rods or hollow products [5]

|  | C03B 35/00 |
Transporting of glass products during their manufacture (conveying systems for fragile sheets, e.g. glass, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/06) [2]

|  | C03B 35/04 |
· | Transporting of hot hollow glass products (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 35/26 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 35/06 |
· · | Feeding of hot hollow glass products into annealing or heating kilns [3]

|  | C03B 35/08 |
· · · | using rotary means directly acting on the products [3]

|  | C03B 35/10 |
· · · | using reciprocating means directly acting on the products, e.g. pushers, stackers [3]

|  | C03B 35/12 |
· · · | by picking-up and depositing [3]

|  | C03B 35/14 |
· | Transporting hot glass sheets [3]

|  | C03B 35/16 |
· · | by roller conveyers [3]

|  | C03B 35/18 |
· · · | Construction of the conveyer rollers [3]

|  | C03B 35/20 |
· · | by gripping tongs or supporting frames [3]

|  | C03B 35/22 |
· · | on a fluid support bed, e.g. on molten metal [3]

|  | C03B 35/24 |
· · · | on a gas support bed [3]

|  | C03B 35/26 |
· | Transporting of glass tubes or rods [3]

|  | C03B 37/00 |
Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags

|  | C03B 37/005 |
· | Manufacture of flakes [5]

|  | C03B 37/01 |
· | Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments [3]

|  | C03B 37/012 |
· · | Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments [4]

|  | C03B 37/014 |
· · · | made entirely or partially by chemical means [4]

|  | C03B 37/016 |
· · · · | by a liquid phase reaction process, e.g. through a gel phase [4]

|  | C03B 37/018 |
· · · · | by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by chemical vapour deposition (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/016 takes precedence; surface treatment of glass by coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 17/02) [4]

|  | C03B 37/02 |
· · | by drawing or extruding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/04 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 37/022 |
· · · | from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres [4]

|  | C03B 37/023 |
· · · · | Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. fibre optics [4]

|  | C03B 37/025 |
· · · | from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments [3]

|  | C03B 37/026 |
· · · · | Drawing fibres reinforced with a metal wire [5]

|  | C03B 37/027 |
· · · · | Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. fibre optics (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/028 takes precedence) [4]

|  | C03B 37/028 |
· · · · | Drawing fibre bundles, e.g. for making fibre bundles of multifibres [4]

|  | C03B 37/029 |
· · · · | Furnaces therefor [5]

|  | C03B 37/03 |
· · · | Drawing means, e.g. drawing drums [3]

|  | C03B 37/035 |
· · · · | having means for deflecting or stripping-off fibres [3]

|  | C03B 37/04 |
· · | by using centrifugal force [3]

|  | C03B 37/05 |
· · · | by projecting on a rotating body having no radial orifices [3]

|  | C03B 37/06 |
· · | by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres [3]

|  | C03B 37/065 |
· · · | starting from tubes, rods, fibres, or filaments [3]

|  | C03B 37/07 |
· | Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [3]

|  | C03B 37/075 |
· | Manufacture of fibres or filaments consisting of different sorts of glass or characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/022, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/027, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/028 take precedence; light guides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/00) [3,4]

|  | C03B 37/08 |
· | Bushings; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates (nozzles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B)

|  | C03B 37/081 |
· · | Indirect-melting bushings [5]

|  | C03B 37/083 |
· · | Nozzles; Bushing nozzle plates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/095 takes precedence) [5]

|  | C03B 37/085 |
· · | Feeding devices therefor [3]

|  | C03B 37/09 |
· · | electrically heated [3]

|  | C03B 37/092 |
· · · | Direct-resistance heating [5]

|  | C03B 37/095 |
· · | Use of materials therefor [3]

|  | C03B 37/10 |
· | Non-chemical treatment (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03C 25/00 takes precedence; yarns or threads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D02; woven fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03; non-woven fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04)

|  | C03B 37/12 |
· · | of fibres or filaments during winding up [3]

|  | C03B 37/14 |
· · | Re-forming fibres or filaments (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 37/025 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C03B 37/15 |
· · · | with heat application, e.g. for making optical fibres (fusion-splicing of light guides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/255; treatment of light guides to shape optical elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/287) [5]

|  | C03B 37/16 |
· · | Cutting or severing (light guides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/25) [3,5]

|  | C03B 40/00 |
Preventing adhesion between glass and glass or between glass and the means used to shape it [3]

|  | C03B 40/02 |
· | by lubrication; Use of materials as release or lubricating compositions [3]

|  | C03B 40/027 |
· · | Apparatus for applying lubricants to glass shaping moulds or tools [5]

|  | C03B 40/033 |
· · | Means for preventing adhesion between glass and glass [5]

|  | C03B 40/04 |
· | using gas [3]