|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H02 |
GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

|  | H02B |
BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS, OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER (basic electric elements, their assembly, including the mounting in enclosures or on bases, or the mounting of covers thereon, see the subclasses for such elements, e.g. transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, switches, fuses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H, line connectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R; installation of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical and electric cables or lines, or other conductors for supply or distribution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G)

|  | H02B |
Note(s) This subclass covers boards, switchyards, switchgear or their installation, or the association of switching devices with each other or with other devices, e.g. transformers, fuses, meters or distribution boards; such associations constitute substations or distribution points.

|  | H02B |
Subclass index
BOARDS, OR DETAILS OF SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS | 1/00
SUBSTATIONS | 5/00, 7/00
SWITCHGEAR | 11/00, 13/00
SUPERVISORY DESKS OR PANELS | 15/00
MANUFACTURE | 3/00

|  | H02G |
INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES (distribution points incorporating switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02B; guiding telephone cords Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04M 1/15; cable ducts or mountings for telephone or telegraph exchange installations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 1/06)

|  | H02G |
Note(s) This subclass covers installation of communication cables or lines, including those comprising a combination of optical and electrical conductors, or of lightning conductors as well as installation of power cables or lines. This subclass does not cover installation of purely optical cables, which is covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 6/46. [6] In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: [6] "electric cable" includes cables comprising optical conductors, e.g. fibres, in combination with electrical conductors. [6]

|  | H02G |
Subclass index
PRINCIPAL TYPES OF INSTALLATIONS |
Inside; overhead; underground or underwater | 3/00; 7/00; 9/00
SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS |
Of bus-bars; of lightning conductors; of movable parts | 5/00; 13/00; 11/00
CABLE FITTINGS | 15/00
INSTALLING, MAINTAINING, REPAIRING | 1/00

|  | H02H |
EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B; locating faults along lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/08; emergency protective devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H)

|  | H02H |
Note(s) This subclass covers only circuit arrangements for the automatic protection of electric lines or electric machines or apparatus in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions.

|  | H02H |
Subclass index
EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS |
For automatic disconnection or switching responsive to variation of conditions: |
electric; sensed non-electric; simulated non-electric | 3/00; 5/00; 6/00
adapted for specific machines or for sectionalised protection of cables or lines | 7/00
For limiting excess current or voltage | 9/00
For preventing switching-on in case of undesired conditions | 11/00
DETAILS | 1/00

|  | H02J |
CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY (power supply circuits for apparatus for measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or cosmic radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T 1/175; for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/18; for discharge tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/248; circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M; interrelated control of several motors, control of a prime-mover/generator combination Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; control of high-frequency power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L; additional use of power line or power network for transmission of information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B)

|  | H02J |
Note(s) This subclass covers: ac or dc mains or distribution networks; circuit arrangements for battery supplies, including charging or control thereof, or co-ordinated supply from two or more sources of any kind; systems for supplying or distributing electric power by electromagnetic waves. This subclass does not cover: control of a single motor, generator or dynamo-electric converter, of the types covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; control of a single motor or generator, of the types covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N, which is covered by that subclass.

|  | H02J |
Subclass index
CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS |
For distribution networks: |
direct current; alternative current | 1/00; 3/00
combined; not specified | 5/00; 4/00
For batteries | 7/00
For emergency or stand-by power supply | 9/00
For power supply to auxiliaries of stations | 11/00
For providing remote indication of network conditions | 13/00
SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRICAL ENERGY | 15/00
SYSTEMS FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | 17/00

|  | H02K |
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (measuring instruments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; dynamo-electric relays Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 53/00; conversion of dc or ac input power into surge output power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 9/00; loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | H02K |
Note(s) This subclass covers the structural adaptation of the machines for the purposes of their control. This subclass does not cover starting, regulating, electronically commutating, braking, or otherwise controlling motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters, in general, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P.

|  | H02K |
Subclass index
GENERATORS OR MOTORS |
Continuously rotating |
ac machines: asynchronous; synchronous; with mechanical commutator | 17/00; 19/00, 21/00; 27/00
dc machines or universal ac/dc motors: with mechanical commutator; with interrupter | 23/00; 25/00
with non-mechanical commutating devices | 29/00
Acyclic machines; oscillating machines; motors rotating step by step | 31/00; 33/00, 35/00; 37/00
Generators producing a non-sinusoidal waveform | 39/00
Machines with more than one rotor or stator | 16/00
SPECIAL DYNAMO-ELECTRIC APPARATUS |
Machines for transmitting angular displacements; torque motors | 24/00; 26/00
Machines involving dynamo-electric interaction with a plasma or a flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles | 44/00
Systems for propulsing a rigid body along a path | 41/00
Converters | 47/00
Dynamo-electric clutches or brakes; dynamo-electric gears | 49/00; 51/00
Alleged perpetua mobilia | 53/00
Machines operating at cryogenic temperatures | 55/00
Machines not otherwise provided for | 57/00
DETAILS |
Magnetic circuits; windings; casings | 1/00; 3/00; 5/00
Arrangements structurally associated with the machine for handling mechanical energy; cooling; measuring or protective devices; current collection or commutation | 7/00; 9/00; 11/00; 13/00
MANUFACTURE | 15/00

|  | H02M |
APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, e.g. using transformers, reactors or choke coils, combination of such systems with static converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/00; transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F; connection or control of one converter with regard to conjoint operation with a similar or other source of supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; dynamo-electric converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K 47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; pulse generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K) [4,5]

|  | H02M |
Note(s) This subclass covers only circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, or arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus. This subclass does not cover the individual electro-technical devices employed when converting electric power. Such devices are covered by the relevant subclasses, e.g. inductors, transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, capacitors, electrolytic rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G, mercury-vapour rectifying or other discharge tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J, semiconductor devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, impedance networks or resonant circuits not primarily concerned with the transfer of electric power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "conversion", in respect of an electric variable, e.g. voltage or current, means the change of one or more of the parameters of the variable, e.g. amplitude, frequency, phase, polarity. [4]

|  | H02M |
Subclass index
DETAILS | 1/00
TYPES OF CONVERSION |
dc to dc | 3/00
ac to ac | 5/00
ac to dc and vice versa | 7/00
dc or ac to surge output power | 9/00
other power conversion systems | 11/00

|  | H02N |
ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | H02N |
Note(s) This subclass covers: electrostatic generators, motors, clutches, or holding devices; other non-dynamo-electric generators or motors; holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion; arrangements for starting, regulating, braking, or otherwise controlling such machines unless in conjoint operation with a second machine. Specific provision for generators, motors, or other means for converting between electric and other forms of energy also exists in other subclasses, e.g. in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R.

|  | H02N |
Subclass index
GENERATORS, MOTORS |
With electrostatic effect | 1/00
Generators using thermal ionisation and removal of charge; electric motors using thermal effects | 3/00; 10/00
With conversion of light radiation into electrical energy | 6/00
Others | 11/00
ELECTRIC MACHINES IN GENERAL USING PIEZO-ELECTRIC EFFECT, ELECTROSTRICTION OR MAGNETOSTRICTION | 2/00
ELECTROSTATIC CLUTCHES OR HOLDING DEVICES | 13/00
MAGNETIC HOLDING OR LEVITATING DEVICES | 15/00

|  | H02P |
CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS (structure of the starter, brake, or other control devices, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. mechanical brake Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D, mechanical speed regulator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D, variable resistor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C, starter switch Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables using transformers, reactors or choke coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; arrangements structurally associated with motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters, transformers, reactors or choke coils, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K; connection or control of one generator, transformer, reactor, choke coil, or dynamo-electric converter with regard to conjoint operation with similar or other source of supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; control or regulation of static converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M) [4]

|  | H02P |
Note(s) This subclass covers arrangements for starting, regulating, electronically commutating, braking, or otherwise controlling motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters, clutches, brakes, gears, transformers, reactors or choke coils, of the types classified in the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K. This subclass does not cover similar arrangements for the apparatus of the types classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02N, which arrangements are covered by that subclass. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6] "control" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation; [6] "regulation" means maintaining a variable at a desired value, or within a desired range of values, by comparison of the actual value with the desired value. [6]

|  | H02P |
Subclass index
ARRANGEMENTS FOR STARTING; FOR SLOWING, STOPPING | 1/00; 3/00
SPEED REGULATION; CONTROLLING SPEED OR TORQUE | 5/00; 7/00
ARRANGEMENTS ACCORDING TO MORE THAN ONE OF GROUPS 1/00, 3/00, 5/00 OR 7/00 | 19/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS OR OTHER DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MOTORS WITH ELECTRONIC COMMUTATORS IN DEPENDENCE ON THE ROTOR POSITION | 6/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MOTORS ROTATING STEP BY STEP | 8/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED OUTPUT OF GENERATOR | 9/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING DESIRED OUTPUT OF CONVERTERS: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC; STATIC | 11/00; 13/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING BRAKES OR CLUTCHES | 15/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC GEARS | 17/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS BY CONTROL OF FIELD ORIENTATION, VECTOR CONTROL | 21/00