|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SHAPING

|  | B21 |
MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (casting, powder metallurgy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; shearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D; working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23H; soldering, welding, flame-cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; other working of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; punching sheet material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26F; processes for changing of physical properties of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22F; electroforming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 1/00)

|  | B21 |
Note(s) This class does not cover: combinations of operations covered by different subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; combinations of operations covered by any particular subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21 with operations covered by other classes, e.g. with operations involving removal of material, which are also covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, except that if the operations covered by the other classes are subsidiary to the operations properly covered by a single subclass of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21 the combination is classified in that subclass. Processes of a kind covered by this class but applied to non-metallic materials are classified in this class if they are applicable to metal and cannot be classified fully in another class.

|  | B21C |
MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL

|  | B21C |
Subclass index
METAL DRAWING |
General methods | 1/00
Auxiliary operations | 5/00, 9/00
Equipment | 3/00, 19/00
METAL EXTRUDING |
General methods | 23/00
Auxiliary operations | 29/00, 33/00, 35/00
Equipment | 25/00, 26/00, 27/00
Control | 31/00
DETAILS COMMON TO DRAWING AND EXTRUDING OF METAL | 43/00
MANUFACTURING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR | 37/00
AUXILIARY AND ANCILLARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL |
Reeling | 47/00
Other auxiliary operations | 45/00, 51/00
Auxiliary equipment | 19/00, 49/00

|  | B21C 1/00 - B21C 9/00 |
Metal drawing (continuous casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/00; pressure welding by means of a rolling mill Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/04)

|  | B21C 1/00 |
Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing

|  | B21C 1/02 |
· | Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums

|  | B21C 1/04 |
· · | with two or more dies operating in series

|  | B21C 1/06 |
· · · | in which the material slips on the drums

|  | B21C 1/08 |
· · · | in which the material does not slip on the drums

|  | B21C 1/10 |
· · · · | with accumulation of material between consecutively-arranged dies

|  | B21C 1/12 |
· · | Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tension; Drives; Stop or relief mechanisms (couplings for drums Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 1/14; design or construction of electrical equipment, see the relevant classes)

|  | B21C 1/14 |
· · | Drums, e.g. capstans (capstans or winches in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66D); Connection of grippers thereto; Grippers specially adapted for drawing machines or apparatus of the drum type; Couplings specially adapted for these drums

|  | B21C 1/16 |
· | Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes

|  | B21C 1/18 |
· · | from stock of limited length (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 1/22 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 1/20 |
· · | from stock of essentially unlimited length (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 1/22 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 1/22 |
· · | specially adapted for making tubular articles (bending sheet metal into tubular form by drawing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 5/10)

|  | B21C 1/24 |
· · · | by means of mandrels (mandrels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 3/16)

|  | B21C 1/26 |
· · · · | Push-bench drawing

|  | B21C 1/27 |
· · | Carriages; Drives

|  | B21C 1/28 |
· · · | Carriages; Connections of grippers thereto; Grippers (for drawing machines of the drum type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 1/14)

|  | B21C 1/30 |
· · · | Drives, e.g. carriage-traversing mechanisms; Driving elements, e.g. drawing chains; Controlling the drive

|  | B21C 1/32 |
· · | Feeding or discharging the material or mandrels

|  | B21C 1/34 |
· · | Guiding or supporting the material or mandrels

|  | B21C 3/00 |
Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels

|  | B21C 3/02 |
· | Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof

|  | B21C 3/04 |
· · | with non-adjustable section (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 3/08 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 3/06 |
· · | with adjustable section (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 3/08 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 3/08 |
· · | with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like

|  | B21C 3/10 |
· · | with hydraulic forces acting immediately on work

|  | B21C 3/12 |
· · | Die holders; Rotating dies

|  | B21C 3/14 |
· · · | Die holders combined with devices for guiding the drawing material or combined with devices for cooling, heating, or lubricating

|  | B21C 3/16 |
· | Mandrels (separating mandrels from work Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 45/00); Mounting or adjusting same

|  | B21C 3/18 |
· | Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass; Repairing

|  | B21C 5/00 |
Pointing; Push-pointing

|  | B21C 9/00 |
Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 3/14 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 9/02 |
· | Selection of compositions therefor

|  | B21C 19/00 |
Devices for straightening wire or like work combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus

|  | B21C 23/00 - B21C 35/00 |
Metal extruding (continuous casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 11/00)

|  | B21C 23/00 |
Extruding metal; Impact extrusion

|  | B21C 23/01 |
· | starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 23/22 takes precedence; heat treatment or combinations thereof with mechanical treatments, see appropriate classes)

|  | B21C 23/02 |
· | Making uncoated products

|  | B21C 23/03 |
· · | by both direct and backward extrusion

|  | B21C 23/04 |
· · | by direct extrusion

|  | B21C 23/06 |
· · · | Making sheets

|  | B21C 23/08 |
· · · | Making wire, bars, tubes

|  | B21C 23/10 |
· · · · | Making finned tubes

|  | B21C 23/12 |
· · · · | Extruding bent tubes or rods

|  | B21C 23/14 |
· · · | Making other products

|  | B21C 23/16 |
· · · · | Making turbo blades or propellers

|  | B21C 23/18 |
· · | by impact extrusion [2]

|  | B21C 23/20 |
· · | by backward extrusion

|  | B21C 23/21 |
· | Presses specially adapted for extruding metal (extrusion presses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B 11/22)

|  | B21C 23/22 |
· | Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals

|  | B21C 23/24 |
· · | Covering indefinite lengths of metal or non-metal material with a metal coating

|  | B21C 23/26 |
· · · | Applying metal coats to cables, e.g. to insulated electric cables

|  | B21C 23/28 |
· · · · | on intermittently-operating extrusion presses

|  | B21C 23/30 |
· · · · | on continuously-operating extrusion presses

|  | B21C 23/32 |
· | Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied (chemical composition, see appropriate classes)

|  | B21C 25/00 |
Profiling tools for metal extruding

|  | B21C 25/02 |
· | Dies

|  | B21C 25/04 |
· | Mandrels

|  | B21C 25/06 |
· | Press heads, dies, or mandrels for coating work

|  | B21C 25/08 |
· | Dies or mandrels with section variable during extruding, e. g for making tapered work; Controlling variation

|  | B21C 25/10 |
· | Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass

|  | B21C 26/00 |
Rams or plungers; Discs therefor [2]

|  | B21C 27/00 |
Containers for metal to be extruded (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 29/02 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 27/02 |
· | for making coated work

|  | B21C 27/04 |
· | Venting metal-container chamber

|  | B21C 29/00 |
Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press

|  | B21C 29/02 |
· | of containers for metal to be extruded

|  | B21C 29/04 |
· | of press heads, dies, or mandrels

|  | B21C 31/00 |
Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 25/08 takes precedence); Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses (measuring devices of more general interest within subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C, see group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 51/00)

|  | B21C 33/00 |
Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded

|  | B21C 33/02 |
· | the metal being in liquid form

|  | B21C 35/00 |
Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work (in connection with the extruding of bent tubes or rods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 23/12); Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels [2]

|  | B21C 35/02 |
· | Removing or drawing-off work

|  | B21C 35/03 |
· · | Straightening the work (metal straightening in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D)

|  | B21C 35/04 |
· | Cutting-off or removing waste

|  | B21C 35/06 |
· | Cleaning dies, ducts, containers or mandrels [2]

|  | B21C 37/00 |
Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for (by rolling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B; by working or processing semi-finished sheet metal, profiles, tubes, or wire Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; by casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; by material-removing machine tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23; by welding, e.g. cladding or plating, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; by grinding or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24; by electroforming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 1/00; by drawing or extruding, see the relevant groups); Manufacture of tubes of special shape [2]

|  | B21C 37/02 |
· | of sheets

|  | B21C 37/04 |
· | of bars or wire

|  | B21C 37/06 |
· | of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes (bending sheets for making tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 5/00; seaming by folding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 39/02)

|  | B21C 37/08 |
· · | Making tubes with welded or soldered seams (involving only a soldering or welding operation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K)

|  | B21C 37/083 |
· · · | Supply, or operations combined with supply, of strip material

|  | B21C 37/087 |
· · · | using rods or strips of soldering material

|  | B21C 37/09 |
· · · | of coated strip material

|  | B21C 37/10 |
· · | Making tubes with riveted seams

|  | B21C 37/12 |
· · | Making tubes or metal hoses with helically arranged seams

|  | B21C 37/14 |
· · | Making tubes from doubled flat material

|  | B21C 37/15 |
· · | Making tubes of special shape; Making the fittings

|  | B21C 37/16 |
· · · | Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction

|  | B21C 37/18 |
· · · · | conical tubes

|  | B21C 37/20 |
· · · | Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies

|  | B21C 37/22 |
· · · | Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes (making heat exchangers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D 53/02)

|  | B21C 37/24 |
· · · · | annularly-ribbed tubes

|  | B21C 37/26 |
· · · · | helically-ribbed tubes

|  | B21C 37/28 |
· · · | Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces

|  | B21C 37/29 |
· · · · | Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces

|  | B21C 37/30 |
· · | Finishing tubes, e.g. sizing, burnishing

|  | B21C 43/00 |
Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass

|  | B21C 43/02 |
· | combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus

|  | B21C 43/04 |
· · | Devices for de-scaling wire or like flexible work

|  | B21C 45/00 - B21C 51/00 |
Auxiliary operations used in connection with metal working without essentially removing material

|  | B21C 45/00 |
Separating mandrels from work or vice versa

|  | B21C 47/00 |
Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only (coiling wire into particular forms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F 3/00; hot coilers in connection with heat-treatment apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D 9/68)

|  | B21C 47/02 |
· | Winding-up or coiling

|  | B21C 47/04 |
· · | on or in reels or drums, without using a moving guide (reels or drums Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 47/28)

|  | B21C 47/06 |
· · · | with loaded rollers, bolts, or equivalent means holding the material on the reel or drum

|  | B21C 47/08 |
· · | without making use of a reel or drum, the first turn being formed by a stationary guide

|  | B21C 47/10 |
· · | by means of a moving guide

|  | B21C 47/12 |
· · · | the guide moving parallel to the axis of the coil (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 47/14 takes precedence)

|  | B21C 47/14 |
· · · | by means of a rotating guide, e.g. laying the material around a stationary reel or drum

|  | B21C 47/16 |
· | Unwinding or uncoiling

|  | B21C 47/18 |
· · | from reels or drums

|  | B21C 47/20 |
· · · | the unreeled material moving transversely to the tangent line of the drum, e.g. axially, radially

|  | B21C 47/22 |
· · | Unwinding coils without reels or drums

|  | B21C 47/24 |
· | Transferring coils to or from winding apparatus or to or from operative position therein; Preventing uncoiling during transfer

|  | B21C 47/26 |
· | Special arrangements with regard to simultaneous or subsequent treatment of the material

|  | B21C 47/28 |
· | Drums or other coil-holders (gripping means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 47/32)

|  | B21C 47/30 |
· · | expansible or contractible

|  | B21C 47/32 |
· | Tongs or gripping means specially adapted for reeling operations

|  | B21C 47/34 |
· | Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus

|  | B21C 49/00 |
Devices for temporarily accumulating material

|  | B21C 51/00 |
Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B-B21F