|  | E |
SECTION E — FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS

BUILDING

|  | E01 |
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES (of tunnels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21D)

|  | E01C |
CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR (forming road or like surfaces by compacting or grading snow or ice Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H)

|  | E01C |
Subclass index
DESIGN; FOUNDATIONS | 1/00; 3/00, 13/00
PAVING FOR ROADS, PLAYGROUNDS, OR THE LIKE |
Paving in general | 5/00, 7/00
Special paving | 9/00, 13/00, 15/00
Details | 11/00, 17/00
CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR OF ROADS, PLAYGROUNDS, OR THE LIKE | 21/00, 19/00, 23/00

|  | E01C 1/00 |
Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption (design or layout of sports grounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 19/00; design or layout of airfields Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64F)

|  | E01C 1/02 |
· | Crossings, junctions, or interconnections between roads on the same level

|  | E01C 1/04 |
· | Road crossings on different levels; Interconnections between roads on different levels

|  | E01C 3/00 - E01C 17/00 |
Structure of roads, playgrounds, sports grounds, airfields

|  | E01C 3/00 |
Foundations for pavings (specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/02; foundations in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D)

|  | E01C 3/02 |
· | Concrete base for bituminous paving

|  | E01C 3/04 |
· | Foundations produced by soil stabilisation

|  | E01C 3/06 |
· | Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration

|  | E01C 5/00 |
Pavings made of prefabricated single units (specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/04, for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 15/00; making artificial stones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B; building stones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C; flooring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04F)

|  | E01C 5/02 |
· | made of natural stones, e.g. sett stones

|  | E01C 5/04 |
· | made of bricks

|  | E01C 5/06 |
· | made of units with cement or like binders

|  | E01C 5/08 |
· · | Reinforced units

|  | E01C 5/10 |
· · · | Prestressed reinforced units

|  | E01C 5/12 |
· | made of units with bituminous binders

|  | E01C 5/14 |
· | made of wooden units

|  | E01C 5/16 |
· | made of metallic units (steel gratings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 9/10)

|  | E01C 5/18 |
· | made of rubber units

|  | E01C 5/20 |
· | made of units of plastics (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 5/18 takes precedence)

|  | E01C 5/22 |
· | made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 5/02-E01C 5/20

|  | E01C 7/00 |
Coherent pavings made in situ (specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/06, for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 15/00)

|  | E01C 7/02 |
· | made of road-metal without binders

|  | E01C 7/04 |
· · | of broken stones, gravel, or like materials

|  | E01C 7/06 |
· · | by melting, burning, or vitrifying road-metal in situ

|  | E01C 7/08 |
· | made of road-metal and binders

|  | E01C 7/10 |
· · | of road-metal and cement or like binders (cement or like binders, composition of mortars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | E01C 7/12 |
· · · | Mortar-bound paving

|  | E01C 7/14 |
· · · | Concrete paving

|  | E01C 7/16 |
· · · · | Prestressed concrete paving

|  | E01C 7/18 |
· · | of road-metal and bituminous binders

|  | E01C 7/20 |
· · · | Binder incorporated in cold state, e.g. natural asphalt

|  | E01C 7/22 |
· · · | Binder incorporated in hot state, e.g. heated bitumen

|  | E01C 7/24 |
· · · | Binder incorporated as an emulsion or solution (making dispersions or emulsions for road building Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | E01C 7/26 |
· · · | mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre

|  | E01C 7/30 |
· · | of road-metal and other binders, e.g. synthetic material

|  | E01C 7/32 |
· · | of courses of different kind made in situ

|  | E01C 7/34 |
· · · | made of several courses which are not bound to each other

|  | E01C 7/35 |
· · | Topping or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them

|  | E01C 7/36 |
· | by subjecting soil to stabilisation

|  | E01C 9/00 |
Special pavings (specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/00, for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 15/00); Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields (pavement lights Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 17/00; manholes or like covers or frames Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 29/14)

|  | E01C 9/02 |
· | Wheel tracks (rail tracks for guiding vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01B 25/28)

|  | E01C 9/04 |
· | Pavings for railroad level-crossings

|  | E01C 9/06 |
· | Pavings adjacent tramways rails

|  | E01C 9/08 |
· | Temporary pavings (steel gratings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 9/10)

|  | E01C 9/10 |
· | Steel gratings (gully gratings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03F 5/06; as building elements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C)

|  | E01C 11/00 |
Details of pavings

|  | E01C 11/02 |
· | Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints (sealing joints not restricted to road or airfield paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/68)

|  | E01C 11/04 |
· · | for cement concrete paving

|  | E01C 11/06 |
· · · | Methods of making joints

|  | E01C 11/08 |
· · · | Packing of metal

|  | E01C 11/10 |
· · · | Packing of plastic or elastic materials

|  | E01C 11/12 |
· · · | Packing of metal and plastic or elastic materials

|  | E01C 11/14 |
· · · | Dowel assembly

|  | E01C 11/16 |
· | Reinforcements (for building in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04C)

|  | E01C 11/18 |
· · | for cement concrete pavings

|  | E01C 11/20 |
· · · | for prestressed concrete pavings

|  | E01C 11/22 |
· | Gutters; Kerbs (kerbs specially adapted for informing road users Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01F 9/053)

|  | E01C 11/24 |
· | Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather

|  | E01C 11/26 |
· · | Permanently-installed heating or blowing devices

|  | E01C 13/00 |
Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds (general layout Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 19/00)

|  | E01C 13/02 |
· | Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements [6]

|  | E01C 13/04 |
· | Pavings made of prefabricated single units (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/10 take precedence) [6]

|  | E01C 13/06 |
· | Pavings made in situ (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/10 take precedence) [6]

|  | E01C 13/08 |
· | Surfaces simulating grass [6]

|  | E01C 13/10 |
· | Artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 13/08 takes precedence) [6]

|  | E01C 13/12 |
· · | for snow sports [6]

|  | E01C 15/00 |
Pavings specially adapted for footpaths, sidewalks, or cycle tracks

|  | E01C 17/00 |
Pavement lights, i.e. translucent constructions forming part of the surface (blocks specially designed for marking roads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01F 9/04)

|  | E01C 19/00 - E01C 23/00 |
Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices for constructing or repairing the surfacing of roads or like structures (constructing the road bed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02F)

|  | E01C 19/00 |
Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving (surface stabilisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 21/00; apparatus specially adapted for reconditioning or repairing paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/00)

|  | E01C 19/02 |
· | for preparing the materials

|  | E01C 19/05 |
· · | Crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating apparatus (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B02C); Aggregate screening, cleaning, or heating apparatus

|  | E01C 19/08 |
· · | Apparatus for transporting and melting asphalt, bitumen, tar, or the like (stationarily-arranged melting boilers for tar, asphalt, or the like, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10C 3/12)

|  | E01C 19/10 |
· · | Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions

|  | E01C 19/12 |
· | for distributing granular or liquid materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/07 takes precedence; for filling joints or grooves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/09)

|  | E01C 19/15 |
· · | for laying-down uncoated stone or similar materials, or for striking-off or spreading same without compacting, e.g. for crushed rock base courses, sand cushions for paving (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/52 takes precedence; distributing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/20)

|  | E01C 19/16 |
· · | for applying or spreading liquid materials, e.g. bitumen slurries (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/45, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/16 take precedence; spraying or spreading liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05)

|  | E01C 19/17 |
· · · | Application by spraying

|  | E01C 19/18 |
· · | Devices for distributing road-metals mixed with binders, e.g. cement, bitumen, without consolidating or ironing effect (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/47 take precedence; conveying installations for concrete or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G)

|  | E01C 19/20 |
· · | Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders (fertiliser distributors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01C 15/00)

|  | E01C 19/21 |
· · | for simultaneously but separately applying liquid material and granular or pulverulent material, e.g. bitumen and grit, with or without spreading

|  | E01C 19/22 |
· | for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02 takes precedence; apparatus for generating vibrations in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06B)

|  | E01C 19/23 |
· · | Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/43 takes precedence; specially adapted for agricultural purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01B 29/00; garden rollers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01G 1/12; making or maintaining surfaces of snow or ice Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 4/00; solely for soil compaction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/026)

|  | E01C 19/24 |
· · · | hand propelled (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/27-E01C 19/29 take precedence)

|  | E01C 19/25 |
· · · | propelled by animals or vehicles (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/26-E01C 19/29 take precedence)

|  | E01C 19/26 |
· · · | self-propelled or fitted to road vehicles (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/27-E01C 19/29 take precedence)

|  | E01C 19/27 |
· · · | with elastically-deformable rolling elements, e.g. pneumatic tyres (vibrating or impacting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/28)

|  | E01C 19/28 |
· · · | Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/29 takes precedence)

|  | E01C 19/29 |
· · · | Rolling apparatus adapted to apply a rolling pressure less than its weight, e.g. roller finishers travelling on formrails

|  | E01C 19/30 |
· · | Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/04 take precedence; vibrated depositing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/12; tamping or vibrating rollers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/28; portable percussion tools in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25D; tamping or vibrating soil in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/046)

|  | E01C 19/32 |
· · · | Hand-held hand-actuated rammers or tampers

|  | E01C 19/34 |
· · · | Power-driven rammers or tampers

|  | E01C 19/35 |
· · · · | Hand-held or hand-guided tools (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/36-E01C 19/40 take precedence)

|  | E01C 19/36 |
· · · · | with direct-acting explosion chambers

|  | E01C 19/38 |
· · · · | with means specifically for generating vibrations

|  | E01C 19/40 |
· · · · | adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers

|  | E01C 19/41 |
· · | Apparatus having both rolling tools and ramming, tamping, or vibrating tools

|  | E01C 19/42 |
· · | Machines for imparting a smooth finish to freshly-laid paving courses other than by rolling, tamping, or vibrating (for distributing only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/12)

|  | E01C 19/43 |
· · | Machines or arrangements for roughening or patterning freshly-laid paving courses, e.g. indenting rollers

|  | E01C 19/44 |
· · | Hand-actuated tools other than rollers, dampers, or vibrators, specially adapted for imparting a required surface finish to freshly-laid paving courses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/43 takes precedence)

|  | E01C 19/45 |
· | Portable apparatus for preparing, or for preparing and applying to the road, compound liquid binders, e.g. emulsified bitumen, fluxed asphalt (applying only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/16)

|  | E01C 19/46 |
· | for preparing and placing the materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/45 takes precedence; making surfaces by mixing borrowed aggregate with binders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 21/00)

|  | E01C 19/47 |
· · | Hydraulic cement concrete mixers combined with distributing means specially adapted for road building (concrete mixers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28C)

|  | E01C 19/48 |
· | for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface

|  | E01C 19/50 |
· | Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/04 take precedence; permanent forms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 3/00-E01C 7/00; slip forms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/48); Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ

|  | E01C 19/52 |
· | Apparatus for laying individual preformed surface elements, e.g. kerbs (preforming and placing continuous strip Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/46; forming paving elements in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/50)

|  | E01C 21/00 |
Apparatus or processes for surface stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing borrowed aggregate with binder (stabilising soil under existing surfacing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/10; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 17/00; soil-consolidation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/12)

|  | E01C 21/02 |
· | Fusing, calcining, or burning soil in situ

|  | E01C 23/00 |
Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces (apparatus for reconditioning of salvaged non-hydraulic compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/10)

|  | E01C 23/01 |
· | Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed supports (form rails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/50); Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/07 takes precedence; measuring roughness or irregularity in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B)

|  | E01C 23/02 |
· | Devices for making, treating, or filling grooves or like channels in not-yet-hardened paving, e.g. for joints or markings (surface patterning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/43); Removable forms therefor (non-removable forms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 11/02); Devices for introducing inserts or removable insert-supports in not-yet-hardened paving (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/04 takes precedence; non-removable insert supports Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 11/02)

|  | E01C 23/03 |
· | Arrangements for curing paving; Devices for applying curing means; Devices for laying prefabricated underlay, e.g. sheets, membranes (reinforcing elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/04); Protecting paving under construction or while curing, e.g. use of tents (road barriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01F 13/00)

|  | E01C 23/04 |
· | Devices for laying reinforcing elements or dowel bars; Removable supports for reinforcing elements (non-removable supports therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 11/16; side forms adapted to supporting reinforcement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/50); Devices, e.g. removable forms, for making essentially horizontal ducts in paving, e.g. for prestressed reinforcement

|  | E01C 23/05 |
· | Devices for installing or removing forms

|  | E01C 23/06 |
· | Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface (working freshly-laid paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/42-E01C 19/44, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02; mining picks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21C 35/18); Devices for repairing the surface of damaged paving [6]

|  | E01C 23/07 |
· · | Apparatus combining measurement of the surface configuration of paving with application of material in proportion to the measured irregularities (measuring means only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/01)

|  | E01C 23/08 |
· · | for roughening or patterning; for removing high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings (removing matter not bonded to the surface Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 1/00; roughening or detaching ice Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 5/12)

|  | E01C 23/082 |
· · · | using non-powered tools [6]

|  | E01C 23/085 |
· · · | using power-driven tools, e.g. vibratory tools [6]

|  | E01C 23/088 |
· · · · | Rotary tools, e.g. milling drums [6]

|  | E01C 23/09 |
· · | for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges

|  | E01C 23/10 |
· · | for raising or levelling sunken paving; for filling voids under paving; for introducing material into substructure (consolidating soil in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 3/12)

|  | E01C 23/12 |
· · | for taking-up, tearing-up, or breaking-up paving (adapted to both placing and removing paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 19/52)

|  | E01C 23/14 |
· | for heating or drying foundation, paving, or materials thereon, e.g. paint (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/03 takes precedence; heating or drying devices incorporated in the paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 11/26; surface stabilisation by fusing, calcining, or burning soil in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 21/02; for street cleaning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 1/08; melting snow or ice on surfacing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 5/10)

|  | E01C 23/16 |
· | Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/14 takes precedence; inserting or forming in not-yet-hardened paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/02, in recesses formed in fully-set paving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01C 23/09; marking-out playing courts or playgrounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 19/06; applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05; road surface markings per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01F 9/04); Protecting fresh markings

|  | E01C 23/18 |
· · | for applying prefabricated markings [6]

|  | E01C 23/20 |
· · | for forming markings in situ [6]

|  | E01C 23/22 |
· · · | by spraying [6]

|  | E01C 23/24 |
· · · | by pouring [6]