|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C08 |
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01)

|  | C08 |
Note(s) Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]

|  | C08K |
USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS (pesticides, herbicides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; pharmaceuticals, cosmetics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; explosives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06B; paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; lubricants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M; detergents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D; artificial filaments or fibres Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01F; textile treating compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06) [2]

|  | C08K |
Note(s) In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an ingredient is classified in the last appropriate place. [2] In this subclass: a mixture of ingredients is classified in the most indented group covering all the essential ingredients of the mixture, e.g.: a mixture of a monohydroxylic and a polyhydroxylic alcohol Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 5/05; [4] a mixture of two polyhydroxylic alcohols Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 5/053; a mixture of an alcohol and an ether Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 5/04; [4] a mixture of an ether and an amine Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 5/00; [4] a mixture of an amine and a metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 13/02; [4] ammonium salts are classified in the same way as metal salts. [2] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to the essential ingredients of a mixture. The indexing codes, which are chosen from the groups of this subclass, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be linked. [2] Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [6]

|  | C08K 3/00 |
Use of inorganic ingredients [2]

|  | C08K 3/02 |
· | Elements [2]

|  | C08K 3/04 |
· · | Carbon [2]

|  | C08K 3/06 |
· · | Sulfur [2]

|  | C08K 3/08 |
· · | Metals [2]

|  | C08K 3/10 |
· | Metal compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/12 |
· · | Hydrides [2]

|  | C08K 3/14 |
· · | Carbides [2]

|  | C08K 3/16 |
· | Halogen-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/18 |
· | Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls [2]

|  | C08K 3/20 |
· · | Oxides; Hydroxides [2]

|  | C08K 3/22 |
· · · | of metals [2]

|  | C08K 3/24 |
· · | Acids; Salts thereof [2]

|  | C08K 3/26 |
· · · | Carbonates; Bicarbonates [2]

|  | C08K 3/28 |
· | Nitrogen-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/30 |
· | Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/32 |
· | Phosphorus-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/34 |
· | Silicon-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/36 |
· · | Silica [2]

|  | C08K 3/38 |
· | Boron-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 3/40 |
· | Glass [2]

|  | C08K 5/00 |
Use of organic ingredients [2]

|  | C08K 5/01 |
· | Hydrocarbons [2]

|  | C08K 5/02 |
· | Halogenated hydrocarbons [2]

|  | C08K 5/03 |
· · | aromatic [2]

|  | C08K 5/04 |
· | Oxygen-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/05 |
· · | Alcohols; Metal alcoholates [2]

|  | C08K 5/053 |
· · · | Polyhydroxylic alcohols [6]

|  | C08K 5/057 |
· · · | Metal alcoholates [6]

|  | C08K 5/06 |
· · | Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters [2]

|  | C08K 5/07 |
· · | Aldehydes; Ketones [2]

|  | C08K 5/08 |
· · · | Quinones [2]

|  | C08K 5/09 |
· · | Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof [2]

|  | C08K 5/092 |
· · · | Polycarboxylic acids [6]

|  | C08K 5/095 |
· · · | Carboxylic acids containing halogens [6]

|  | C08K 5/098 |
· · · | Metal salts of carboxylic acids [6]

|  | C08K 5/10 |
· · | Esters; Ether-esters [2]

|  | C08K 5/101 |
· · · | of monocarboxylic acids [6]

|  | C08K 5/103 |
· · · · | with polyalcohols [6]

|  | C08K 5/105 |
· · · · | with phenols [6]

|  | C08K 5/107 |
· · · · · | with polyphenols [6]

|  | C08K 5/109 |
· · · | of carbonic acid [6]

|  | C08K 5/11 |
· · · | of acyclic polycarboxylic acids [2]

|  | C08K 5/12 |
· · · | of cyclic polycarboxylic acids [2]

|  | C08K 5/13 |
· · | Phenols; Phenolates [2]

|  | C08K 5/132 |
· · · | Phenols containing keto groups [6]

|  | C08K 5/134 |
· · · | Phenols containing ester groups [6]

|  | C08K 5/136 |
· · · | Phenols containing halogens [6]

|  | C08K 5/138 |
· · · | Phenolates [6]

|  | C08K 5/14 |
· · | Peroxides [2]

|  | C08K 5/15 |
· · | Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring [2]

|  | C08K 5/16 |
· | Nitrogen-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/17 |
· · | Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/18 |
· · · | with aromatically bound amino groups [2]

|  | C08K 5/19 |
· · · | Quaternary ammonium compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/20 |
· · | Carboxylic acid amides [2]

|  | C08K 5/205 |
· · | Compounds containing groups, e.g. carbamates [6]

|  | C08K 5/21 |
· · | Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret [2]

|  | C08K 5/22 |
· · | Compounds containing nitrogen bound to another nitrogen atom [2]

|  | C08K 5/23 |
· · · | Azo-compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/24 |
· · · | Derivatives of hydrazine [2]

|  | C08K 5/25 |
· · · · | Carboxylic acid hydrazides [2]

|  | C08K 5/26 |
· · · · | Semicarbazides [2]

|  | C08K 5/27 |
· · · | Compounds containing a nitrogen atom bound to two other nitrogen atoms, e.g. diazoamino-compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/28 |
· · · · | Azides [2]

|  | C08K 5/29 |
· · | Compounds containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds [2]

|  | C08K 5/30 |
· · · | Hydrazones; Semicarbazones [2]

|  | C08K 5/31 |
· · · | Guanidine; Derivatives thereof [2]

|  | C08K 5/315 |
· · | Compounds containing carbon-to-nitrogen triple bonds [6]

|  | C08K 5/32 |
· · | Compounds containing nitrogen bound to oxygen [2]

|  | C08K 5/33 |
· · · | Oximes [2]

|  | C08K 5/34 |
· · | Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring [2]

|  | C08K 5/3412 |
· · · | having one nitrogen atom in the ring [5]

|  | C08K 5/3415 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3417 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3432 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3435 |
· · · · · | Piperidines [5]

|  | C08K 5/3437 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3442 |
· · · | having two nitrogen atoms in the ring [5]

|  | C08K 5/3445 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3447 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3462 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3465 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3467 |
· · · | having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring [5]

|  | C08K 5/3472 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3475 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3477 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/3492 |
· · · · · | Triazines [5]

|  | C08K 5/3495 |
· · · · · | condensed with carbocyclic rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/35 |
· · · | having also oxygen in the ring [2]

|  | C08K 5/353 |
· · · · | Five-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/357 |
· · · · | Six-membered rings [5]

|  | C08K 5/36 |
· | Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/37 |
· · | Mercaptans; Hydrocarbon sulfides [2]

|  | C08K 5/372 |
· · · | Hydrocarbon sulfides [6]

|  | C08K 5/375 |
· · · · | containing six-membered aromatic rings [6]

|  | C08K 5/378 |
· · · · | containing heterocyclic rings [6]

|  | C08K 5/38 |
· · | Thiocarbonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. xanthates [2]

|  | C08K 5/39 |
· · | Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates [2]

|  | C08K 5/40 |
· · · | Thiuramsulfides; Thiurampolysulfides, e.g. compounds containing groups [2]

|  | C08K 5/405 |
· · | Thioureas; Derivatives thereof [6]

|  | C08K 5/41 |
· · | Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen [2]

|  | C08K 5/42 |
· · · | Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof [2]

|  | C08K 5/43 |
· · | Compounds containing sulfur bound to nitrogen [2]

|  | C08K 5/435 |
· · · | Sulfonamides [6]

|  | C08K 5/44 |
· · · | Sulfenamides [2]

|  | C08K 5/45 |
· · | Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur in the ring [2]

|  | C08K 5/46 |
· · · | with oxygen or nitrogen in the ring [2]

|  | C08K 5/47 |
· · · · | Thiazoles [2]

|  | C08K 5/48 |
· · | Selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/49 |
· | Phosphorus-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/50 |
· · | Phosphorus bound to carbon only [2,5]

|  | C08K 5/51 |
· · | Phosphorus bound to oxygen [2]

|  | C08K 5/52 |
· · · | bound to oxygen only [2]

|  | C08K 5/521 |
· · · · | Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 [5]

|  | C08K 5/523 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [5]

|  | C08K 5/524 |
· · · · | Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 [5]

|  | C08K 5/526 |
· · · · · | with hydroxyaryl compounds [5]

|  | C08K 5/527 |
· · · · | Cyclic esters [5]

|  | C08K 5/529 |
· · · · | Esters containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids [5]

|  | C08K 5/53 |
· · · | bound to oxygen and to carbon only [2,5]

|  | C08K 5/5313 |
· · · · | Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR' [5]

|  | C08K 5/5317 |
· · · · | Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2 [5]

|  | C08K 5/5333 |
· · · · · | Esters of phosphonic acids [5]

|  | C08K 5/5337 |
· · · · · · | containing also halogens [5]

|  | C08K 5/5353 |
· · · · · · | containing also nitrogen [5]

|  | C08K 5/5357 |
· · · · · · | cyclic [5]

|  | C08K 5/5373 |
· · · · · · | containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphonic acids [5]

|  | C08K 5/5377 |
· · · · | Phosphinous compounds, e.g. R2=P—OR' [5]

|  | C08K 5/5393 |
· · · · | Phosphonous compounds, e.g. R—P(OR')2 [5]

|  | C08K 5/5397 |
· · · · | Phosphine oxides [5]

|  | C08K 5/5398 |
· · | Phosphorus bound to sulfur [5]

|  | C08K 5/5399 |
· · | Phosphorus bound to nitrogen [5]

|  | C08K 5/54 |
· | Silicon-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/55 |
· | Boron-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/56 |
· | Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond [2]

|  | C08K 5/57 |
· · | Organo-tin compounds [2]

|  | C08K 5/58 |
· · · | containing sulfur [2]

|  | C08K 5/59 |
· | Arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 7/00 |
Use of ingredients characterised by shape [2]

|  | C08K 7/02 |
· | Fibres or whiskers [2]

|  | C08K 7/04 |
· · | inorganic [2]

|  | C08K 7/06 |
· · · | Elements [2]

|  | C08K 7/08 |
· · · | Oxygen-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 7/10 |
· · · | Silicon-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 7/12 |
· · · · | Asbestos [2]

|  | C08K 7/14 |
· · · | Glass [2]

|  | C08K 7/16 |
· | Solid spheres [2]

|  | C08K 7/18 |
· · | inorganic [2]

|  | C08K 7/20 |
· · · | Glass [2]

|  | C08K 7/22 |
· | Expanded, porous or hollow particles [2]

|  | C08K 7/24 |
· · | inorganic [2]

|  | C08K 7/26 |
· · · | Silicon-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 7/28 |
· · · | Glass [2]

|  | C08K 9/00 |
Use of pretreated ingredients (use of pretreated fibrous materials in the manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08J 5/06) [2]

|  | C08K 9/02 |
· | Ingredients treated with inorganic substances [2]

|  | C08K 9/04 |
· | Ingredients treated with organic substances [2]

|  | C08K 9/06 |
· · | with silicon-containing compounds [2]

|  | C08K 9/08 |
· | Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent [2]

|  | C08K 9/10 |
· | Encapsulated ingredients [2]

|  | C08K 9/12 |
· | Adsorbed ingredients [2]

|  | C08K 11/00 |
Use of ingredients of unknown constitution, e.g. undefined reaction products [2]

|  | C08K 13/00 |
Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential [4]

|  | C08K 13/02 |
· | Organic and inorganic ingredients [4]

|  | C08K 13/04 |
· | Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients [4]

|  | C08K 13/06 |
· | Pretreated ingredients and ingredients covered by the main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 3/00-C08K 7/00 [4]

|  | C08K 13/08 |
· | Ingredients of unknown constitution and ingredients covered by the main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08K 3/00-C08K 9/00 [4]