|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H02 |
GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

|  | H02M |
APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, e.g. using transformers, reactors or choke coils, combination of such systems with static converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F; for digital computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/00; transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F; connection or control of one converter with regard to conjoint operation with a similar or other source of supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J; dynamo-electric converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K 47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; pulse generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K) [4,5]

|  | H02M |
Note(s) This subclass covers only circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, or arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus. This subclass does not cover the individual electro-technical devices employed when converting electric power. Such devices are covered by the relevant subclasses, e.g. inductors, transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F, capacitors, electrolytic rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G, mercury-vapour rectifying or other discharge tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J, semiconductor devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, impedance networks or resonant circuits not primarily concerned with the transfer of electric power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "conversion", in respect of an electric variable, e.g. voltage or current, means the change of one or more of the parameters of the variable, e.g. amplitude, frequency, phase, polarity. [4]

|  | H02M |
Subclass index
DETAILS | 1/00
TYPES OF CONVERSION |
dc to dc | 3/00
ac to ac | 5/00
ac to dc and vice versa | 7/00
dc or ac to surge output power | 9/00
other power conversion systems | 11/00

|  | H02M 1/00 |
Details of apparatus for conversion

|  | H02M 1/02 |
· | Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters

|  | H02M 1/04 |
· · | for tubes with grid control

|  | H02M 1/06 |
· | Circuits specially adapted for rendering non-conductive gas discharge tubes or equivalent semiconductor devices, e.g. thyratrons, thyristors [2]

|  | H02M 1/08 |
· | Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters

|  | H02M 1/084 |
· · | using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system [4]

|  | H02M 1/088 |
· · | for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices [4]

|  | H02M 1/092 |
· · · | the control signals being transmitted optically [4]

|  | H02M 1/096 |
· · · | the power supply of the control circuit being connected in parallel to the main switching element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 1/092 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 1/10 |
· | Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc

|  | H02M 1/12 |
· | Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output

|  | H02M 1/14 |
· | Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output

|  | H02M 1/15 |
· · | using active elements [4]

|  | H02M 1/16 |
· | Means for providing current step on switching, e.g. with saturable reactor

|  | H02M 1/20 |
· | Contact mechanisms of dynamic converters

|  | H02M 1/22 |
· · | incorporating collectors and brushes

|  | H02M 1/24 |
· · | incorporating rolling or tumbling contacts

|  | H02M 1/26 |
· · | incorporating cam-operated contacts

|  | H02M 1/28 |
· · | incorporating electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts

|  | H02M 1/30 |
· · | incorporating liquid contacts

|  | H02M 3/00 |
Conversion of dc power input into dc power output

|  | H02M 3/02 |
· | without intermediate conversion into ac

|  | H02M 3/04 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 3/06 |
· · · | using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider

|  | H02M 3/07 |
· · · · | using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode [4]

|  | H02M 3/08 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

|  | H02M 3/10 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 3/07 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 3/125 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means [2]

|  | H02M 3/13 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 3/135 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 3/137 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators [4]

|  | H02M 3/139 |
· · · · · · · | with digital control [4]

|  | H02M 3/142 |
· · · · · · · | including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load [4]

|  | H02M 3/145 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal [2]

|  | H02M 3/15 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 3/155 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 3/156 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators [4]

|  | H02M 3/157 |
· · · · · · · | with digital control [4]

|  | H02M 3/158 |
· · · · · · · | including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load [4]

|  | H02M 3/16 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 3/18 |
· · · | using capacitors or batteries which are alternately charged and discharged, e.g. charged in parallel and discharged in series

|  | H02M 3/20 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 3/22 |
· | with intermediate conversion into ac

|  | H02M 3/24 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 3/26 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode to produce the intermediate ac

|  | H02M 3/28 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac

|  | H02M 3/305 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means [2]

|  | H02M 3/31 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 3/315 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 3/325 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal [2]

|  | H02M 3/33 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 3/335 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 3/337 |
· · · · · · | in push-pull configuration [4]

|  | H02M 3/338 |
· · · · · · | in a self-oscillating arrangement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 3/337 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 3/34 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 3/36 |
· · · | using mechanical parts to select progressively or to vary continuously the input potential

|  | H02M 3/38 |
· · · | using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential

|  | H02M 3/40 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers

|  | H02M 3/42 |
· · · · | with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 51/34)

|  | H02M 3/44 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 5/00 |
Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases

|  | H02M 5/02 |
· | without intermediate conversion into dc

|  | H02M 5/04 |
· · | by static converters (controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, e.g. by tap changing, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P 13/00) [4]

|  | H02M 5/06 |
· · · | using impedances

|  | H02M 5/08 |
· · · · | using capacitors only

|  | H02M 5/10 |
· · · | using transformers

|  | H02M 5/12 |
· · · · | for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only

|  | H02M 5/14 |
· · · · | for conversion between circuits of different phase number

|  | H02M 5/16 |
· · · · | for conversion of frequency

|  | H02M 5/18 |
· · · · | for conversion of waveform

|  | H02M 5/20 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

|  | H02M 5/22 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

|  | H02M 5/25 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 5/27 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02M 5/253 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 5/257 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 5/27 |
· · · · · | for conversion of frequency [2]

|  | H02M 5/275 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 5/297 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02M 5/29 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 5/293 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 5/297 |
· · · · · | for conversion of frequency [2]

|  | H02M 5/32 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 5/34 |
· · · | using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts

|  | H02M 5/36 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers

|  | H02M 5/38 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 5/40 |
· | with intermediate conversion into dc

|  | H02M 5/42 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 5/44 |
· · · | using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac

|  | H02M 5/443 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means [2]

|  | H02M 5/447 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 5/45 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 5/451 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output voltage or frequency [4]

|  | H02M 5/452 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output waveform [4]

|  | H02M 5/453 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal [2]

|  | H02M 5/456 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 5/458 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 5/46 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 5/48 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 7/00 |
Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output

|  | H02M 7/02 |
· | Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal

|  | H02M 7/04 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 7/06 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

|  | H02M 7/08 |
· · · · | arranged for operation in parallel

|  | H02M 7/10 |
· · · · | arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage

|  | H02M 7/12 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

|  | H02M 7/145 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/15 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/155 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/162 |
· · · · · · | in a bridge configuration [4]

|  | H02M 7/17 |
· · · · · · | arranged for operation in parallel [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/19 |
· · · · · · | arranged for operation in series, e.g. for voltage multiplication [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/21 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/213 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/217 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/219 |
· · · · · · | in a bridge configuration [4]

|  | H02M 7/23 |
· · · · · · | arranged for operation in parallel [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/25 |
· · · · · · | arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage [2,4]

|  | H02M 7/26 |
· · · | using open-spark devices, e.g. Marx rectifier

|  | H02M 7/28 |
· · · | using electrolytic rectifiers

|  | H02M 7/30 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 7/32 |
· · · | using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts

|  | H02M 7/34 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers

|  | H02M 7/36 |
· · · · | with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 51/34)

|  | H02M 7/38 |
· · · | using one or more sparking electrodes rotating over counterelectrodes

|  | H02M 7/40 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 7/42 |
· | Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal

|  | H02M 7/44 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 7/46 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

|  | H02M 7/48 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

|  | H02M 7/505 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means [2]

|  | H02M 7/51 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/515 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/517 |
· · · · · · | with special starting equipment [4]

|  | H02M 7/519 |
· · · · · · | in a push-pull configuration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/517 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 7/521 |
· · · · · · | in a bridge configuration [4]

|  | H02M 7/523 |
· · · · · · | with LC-resonance circuit in the main circuit [4]

|  | H02M 7/525 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output waveform or frequency (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/517-H02M 7/523 take precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 7/527 |
· · · · · · · | by pulse width modulation [4]

|  | H02M 7/529 |
· · · · · · · · | using digital control [4]

|  | H02M 7/53 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal [2]

|  | H02M 7/533 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/537 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/5375 |
· · · · · · | with special starting equipment [4]

|  | H02M 7/538 |
· · · · · · | in a push-pull configuration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/5375 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 7/5383 |
· · · · · · | in a self-oscillating arrangement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/538 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 7/5387 |
· · · · · · | in a bridge configuration [4]

|  | H02M 7/539 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output wave form or frequency (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/5375-H02M 7/5387 take precedence) [4]

|  | H02M 7/5395 |
· · · · · · · | by pulse-width modulation [4]

|  | H02M 7/54 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 7/56 |
· · · | using mechanical parts to select progressively, or to vary continuously, the input potential

|  | H02M 7/58 |
· · · | using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential

|  | H02M 7/60 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers

|  | H02M 7/62 |
· · · · | with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 51/34)

|  | H02M 7/64 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 7/66 |
· | with possibility of reversal

|  | H02M 7/68 |
· · | by static converters

|  | H02M 7/70 |
· · · | using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

|  | H02M 7/72 |
· · · | using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

|  | H02M 7/75 |
· · · · | using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/77 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02M 7/753 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/757 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/758 |
· · · · · · | with automatic control of output waveform or frequency [4]

|  | H02M 7/77 |
· · · · · | arranged for operation in parallel [2]

|  | H02M 7/79 |
· · · · | using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M 7/81 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H02M 7/793 |
· · · · · | using discharge tubes only [2]

|  | H02M 7/797 |
· · · · · | using semiconductor devices only [2]

|  | H02M 7/81 |
· · · · · | arranged for operation in parallel [2]

|  | H02M 7/82 |
· · · | using open-spark devices, e.g. Marx rectifier

|  | H02M 7/84 |
· · · | using electrolytic rectifiers

|  | H02M 7/86 |
· · | by dynamic converters

|  | H02M 7/88 |
· · · | using mechanical parts to select progressively or to vary continuously the input potential

|  | H02M 7/90 |
· · · | using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential

|  | H02M 7/92 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers

|  | H02M 7/94 |
· · · · | wherein the parts are operated by rotating cams or cam-like devices

|  | H02M 7/95 |
· · · · | with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 51/34)

|  | H02M 7/96 |
· · · · | with moving liquid contacts

|  | H02M 7/98 |
· · | by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters

|  | H02M 9/00 |
Conversion of dc or ac input power into surge output power [2]

|  | H02M 9/02 |
· | with dc input power [2]

|  | H02M 9/04 |
· · | using capacitative stores [2]

|  | H02M 9/06 |
· | with ac input power [2]

|  | H02M 11/00 |
Power conversion systems not covered by the preceding groups [4]