|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H01 |
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

|  | H01 |
Note(s) Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art.

|  | H01B |
CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING, OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 1/00; waveguides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01P; installation of cables or lines, or of combined optical and electric, cables or lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G)

|  | H01B |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 12/00 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 5/00-H01B 11/00. Cables including at least one electrical conductor together with optical fibres are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 11/22. [4]

|  | H01B |
Subclass index
CONDUCTORS OR CABLES |
Characterised by the material | 1/00
Characterised by the construction | 5/00, 7/00
Special types for: communication; power; superconductive cables | 11/00; 9/00; 12/00
Manufacture; salvaging | 13/00; 15/00
INSULATORS OR INSULATING BODIES |
Characterised by the material | 3/00
Characterised by the construction | 17/00
Manufacture | 19/00

|  | H01B 1/00 |
Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors (superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by the materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 12/00; resistors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C; details of devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity, characterised by the material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 39/12) [4]

|  | H01B 1/02 - H01B 1/12 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 1/14-H01B 1/24 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 1/02-H01B 1/12. [3]

|  | H01B 1/02 |
· | mainly consisting of metals or alloys

|  | H01B 1/04 |
· | mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon

|  | H01B 1/06 |
· | mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances

|  | H01B 1/08 |
· · | oxides

|  | H01B 1/10 |
· · | sulfides

|  | H01B 1/12 |
· · | organic substances [3]

|  | H01B 1/14 |
· | Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material [3]

|  | H01B 1/16 |
· · | the conductive material comprising metals or alloys [3]

|  | H01B 1/18 |
· · | the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon [3]

|  | H01B 1/20 |
· | Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material [3]

|  | H01B 1/22 |
· · | the conductive material comprising metals or alloys [3]

|  | H01B 1/24 |
· · | the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon [3]

|  | H01B 3/00 |
Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties (selection of piezo-electric or electrostrictive materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 41/00)

|  | H01B 3/02 |
· | mainly consisting of inorganic substances

|  | H01B 3/04 |
· · | mica

|  | H01B 3/06 |
· · | asbestos

|  | H01B 3/08 |
· · | quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels

|  | H01B 3/10 |
· · | metallic oxides (ceramics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/12)

|  | H01B 3/12 |
· · | ceramics

|  | H01B 3/14 |
· · | cements

|  | H01B 3/16 |
· · | gases

|  | H01B 3/18 |
· | mainly consisting of organic substances

|  | H01B 3/20 |
· · | liquids, e.g. oils (silicone oils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/46)

|  | H01B 3/22 |
· · · | hydrocarbons

|  | H01B 3/24 |
· · · | containing halogen in the molecules, e.g. halogenated oils

|  | H01B 3/26 |
· · | asphalts; bitumens; pitches

|  | H01B 3/28 |
· · | natural or synthetic rubbers

|  | H01B 3/30 |
· · | resins; waxes

|  | H01B 3/32 |
· · · | natural resins

|  | H01B 3/34 |
· · · | waxes (silicone waxes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/46)

|  | H01B 3/36 |
· · · | condensation products of phenols with aldehydes or ketones

|  | H01B 3/38 |
· · · | condensation products of aldehydes with amines or amides

|  | H01B 3/40 |
· · · | epoxy resins

|  | H01B 3/42 |
· · · | polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals

|  | H01B 3/44 |
· · · | vinyl resins; acrylic resins (silicones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/46)

|  | H01B 3/46 |
· · · | silicones

|  | H01B 3/48 |
· · | fibrous materials

|  | H01B 3/50 |
· · · | fabric

|  | H01B 3/52 |
· · · | wood; paper; pressboard (insulating paper per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21H 27/12)

|  | H01B 3/54 |
· · · | hard paper; hard fabrics

|  | H01B 3/56 |
· · | gases

|  | H01B 5/00 |
Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form

|  | H01B 5/02 |
· | Single bars, rods, wires, or strips

|  | H01B 5/04 |
· · | wound or coiled

|  | H01B 5/06 |
· | Single tubes

|  | H01B 5/08 |
· | Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope

|  | H01B 5/10 |
· · | stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material

|  | H01B 5/12 |
· | Braided wires or the like

|  | H01B 5/14 |
· | comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports (insulating-layers or insulating-films on metal bodies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/62)

|  | H01B 5/16 |
· | comprising conductive material in insulating or poorly conductive material, e.g. conductive rubber (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 1/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 1/20 take precedence; insulating bodies with conductive admixtures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/64; conductive paints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09D 5/24) [3]

|  | H01B 7/00 |
Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form

|  | H01B 7/02 |
· | Disposition of insulation (materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 3/00; insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/00)

|  | H01B 7/04 |
· | Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables

|  | H01B 7/06 |
· | Extensible conductors or cables, e.g. self-coiling cords (arrangements for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of conductors or cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/34)

|  | H01B 7/08 |
· | Flat or ribbon cables

|  | H01B 7/10 |
· | Contact cables, i.e. having conductors which may be brought into contact by distortion of the cable

|  | H01B 7/12 |
· | Floating cables (installations of cables supported on or from floats Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 9/12)

|  | H01B 7/14 |
· | Submarine cables

|  | H01B 7/16 |
· | Rigid-tube cables (heating elements of similar construction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | H01B 7/18 |
· | Sheaths; Armouring; Other protection against mechanical force or pressure (power cables with screens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 9/02; communication cables with screens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 11/06; continuously-loaded cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 11/14; installation of conduits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G)

|  | H01B 7/20 |
· · | Metal tubes, e.g. lead sheaths

|  | H01B 7/22 |
· · | Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel

|  | H01B 7/24 |
· · | Devices affording localised protection against mechanical force or pressure

|  | H01B 7/26 |
· · | Reduction of losses in sheaths or armouring

|  | H01B 7/28 |
· | Protection, e.g. against corrosion, chemical attack, influence of weather (sheaths, armouring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 7/18)

|  | H01B 7/30 |
· | with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying ac, e.g. due to skin effect

|  | H01B 7/32 |
· | with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks, leaks (locating defects by measuring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01)

|  | H01B 7/34 |
· | with arrangements for heat dissipation, shielding, or conduction

|  | H01B 7/36 |
· | with distinguishing or length marks

|  | H01B 9/00 |
Power cables

|  | H01B 9/02 |
· | with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients

|  | H01B 9/04 |
· | Concentric cables

|  | H01B 9/06 |
· | Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure

|  | H01B 11/00 |
Communication cables or conductors (waveguides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01P)

|  | H01B 11/02 |
· | Cables with twisted pairs or quads (transposing, crossing, or twisting at joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B; balancing of earth capacitance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B)

|  | H01B 11/04 |
· · | with pairs or quads mutually positioned to reduce cross-talk (balancing by making use of additional capacitors or coils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B)

|  | H01B 11/06 |
· · | with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screen (screening in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 9/00)

|  | H01B 11/08 |
· · · | Screens specially adapted for reducing cross-talk

|  | H01B 11/10 |
· · · | Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources

|  | H01B 11/12 |
· · | Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics (loading coils per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 17/08; coil-loaded circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B)

|  | H01B 11/14 |
· · · | Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables

|  | H01B 11/16 |
· · · | Cables, e.g. submarine cable, with coils or other devices incorporated during cable manufacture (junction boxes for cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 15/10)

|  | H01B 11/18 |
· | Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor (suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01P 3/06)

|  | H01B 11/20 |
· · | Cables having a multiplicity of coaxial lines [3]

|  | H01B 11/22 |
· | Cables including at least one electrical conductor together with optical fibres [4]

|  | H01B 12/00 |
Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines (superconductors characterised by the ceramic-forming technique or the ceramic composition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 35/00; details or devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity characterised by the material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 39/12) [2,4]

|  | H01B 12/02 |
· | characterised by their form [4]

|  | H01B 12/04 - H01B 12/10 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 12/12 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 12/04-H01B 12/10. [4]

|  | H01B 12/04 |
· · | Single wire [4]

|  | H01B 12/06 |
· · | Films or wires on bases or cores [4]

|  | H01B 12/08 |
· · | Stranded or braided wires [4]

|  | H01B 12/10 |
· · | Multi-filaments embedded in normal conductors [4]

|  | H01B 12/12 |
· · | Hollow conductors [4]

|  | H01B 12/14 |
· | characterised by the disposition of thermal insulation [4]

|  | H01B 12/16 |
· | characterised by cooling [4]

|  | H01B 13/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables

|  | H01B 13/02 |
· | Stranding-up (stranding-up ropes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D07B)

|  | H01B 13/04 |
· · | Mutually-positioning pairs or quads to reduce cross-talk

|  | H01B 13/06 |
· | Insulating conductors or cables (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 13/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01B 13/08 |
· · | by winding

|  | H01B 13/10 |
· · | by longitudinal lapping

|  | H01B 13/12 |
· · | by applying loose fibres

|  | H01B 13/14 |
· · | by extrusion

|  | H01B 13/16 |
· · | by passing through, or dipping in, a liquid bath; by spraying

|  | H01B 13/18 |
· · | Applying discontinuous insulation, e.g. discs, beads

|  | H01B 13/20 |
· · · | for concentric or coaxial cables

|  | H01B 13/22 |
· | Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 13/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01B 13/24 |
· · | by extrusion

|  | H01B 13/26 |
· · | by winding, braiding, or longitudinal lapping (winding in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | H01B 13/28 |
· | Applying continuous inductive loading, e.g. Krarup loading

|  | H01B 13/30 |
· | Drying (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B); Impregnating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 13/32 takes precedence) [4]

|  | H01B 13/32 |
· | Filling or coating with impervious material (for cable installations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 15/00) [4]

|  | H01B 15/00 |
Apparatus or processes for salvaging material from cables (for removing insulation from conductors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 1/12)

|  | H01B 17/00 |
Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form (section insulators for electric traction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60M 1/18; insulating rail-joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01B 11/54)

|  | H01B 17/02 |
· | Suspension insulators; Strain insulators

|  | H01B 17/04 |
· · | Chains; Multiple chains

|  | H01B 17/06 |
· · | Fastening of insulator to support, to conductor, or to adjoining insulator

|  | H01B 17/08 |
· · · | by cap-and-bolt

|  | H01B 17/10 |
· · · | by intermediate link

|  | H01B 17/12 |
· · | Special features of strain insulators (devices for relieving mechanical tension of electric lines or cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 7/04)

|  | H01B 17/14 |
· | Supporting insulators (pin insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/20; apertured insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/24)

|  | H01B 17/16 |
· · | Fastening of insulators to support, to conductor, or to adjoining insulator

|  | H01B 17/18 |
· · | for very heavy conductors, e.g. bus-bars, rails

|  | H01B 17/20 |
· | Pin insulators

|  | H01B 17/22 |
· · | Fastening of conductors to insulator

|  | H01B 17/24 |
· | Insulators apertured for fixing by nail, screw, wire, or bar, e.g. diabolo, bobbin

|  | H01B 17/26 |
· | Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators

|  | H01B 17/28 |
· · | Capacitor type (capacitors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G)

|  | H01B 17/30 |
· · | Sealing (packings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J)

|  | H01B 17/32 |
· | Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies

|  | H01B 17/34 |
· | Insulators containing liquid, e.g. oil

|  | H01B 17/36 |
· | Insulators having evacuated or gas-filled spaces

|  | H01B 17/38 |
· | Fittings, e.g. caps; Fastenings therefor

|  | H01B 17/40 |
· · | Cementless fittings

|  | H01B 17/42 |
· | Means for obtaining improved distribution of voltage (capacitor-type lead-through insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/28); Protection against arc discharges

|  | H01B 17/44 |
· · | Structural association of insulators with corona rings (corona rings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T 19/02)

|  | H01B 17/46 |
· · | Means for providing an external arc-discharge path (spark-gap arresters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T)

|  | H01B 17/48 |
· · | over chains or other serially-arranged insulators

|  | H01B 17/50 |
· | with surfaces specially treated for preserving insulating properties, e.g. for protection against moisture, dirt, or the like

|  | H01B 17/52 |
· | having cleaning devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/54 takes precedence)

|  | H01B 17/54 |
· | having heating or cooling devices

|  | H01B 17/56 |
· | Insulating bodies (insulators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 17/02-H01B 17/54)

|  | H01B 17/58 |
· · | Tubes, sleeves, beads, or bobbins through which the conductor passes (protective tubings for the installation of lines or cables in buildings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G 3/04)

|  | H01B 17/60 |
· · | Composite insulating bodies (cables or conductors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 9/00; resistors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01C; capacitors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G)

|  | H01B 17/62 |
· · | Insulating-layers or insulating-films on metal bodies (conductive layers or films on insulating bodies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 5/14)

|  | H01B 17/64 |
· · | with conductive admixtures, inserts, or layers (conductive bodies comprising conductive material dispersed in insulating material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B 5/16)

|  | H01B 17/66 |
· · | Joining insulating bodies together, e.g. by bonding

|  | H01B 19/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies

|  | H01B 19/02 |
· | Drying (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B); Impregnating

|  | H01B 19/04 |
· | Treating the surfaces, e.g. applying coatings