|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C05 |
FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF (processes or devices for granulating materials, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 17/00) [4]

|  | C05 |
Note(s) An ingredient in a mixture of fertilisers, or a single fertiliser which contains more than one of the chemical elements on which the subdivision into subclasses is based, is classified only in the first of the appropriate subclasses. Thus, a nitrophosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C, magnesium phosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D, and calcium cyanamide in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D. In this class, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to ingredients of a mixture of different fertilisers or of fertilisers with non-fertilisers. The indexing codes, which are chosen from the groups in this class, with the exception of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 1/10 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 11/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C 1/02 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C 7/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 1/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 3/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 9/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 11/06 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05F 17/02, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be linked.

|  | C05B |
PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS

|  | C05B |
Subclass index
SUPERPHOSPHATES | 1/00
PRODUCED BY WET TREATMENTS | 11/00
PRODUCED BY PYROGENIC PROCESSES | 13/00
OTHER INORGANIC FERTILISERS | 3/00 - 9/00, 17/00
ORGANIC FERTILISERS | 15/00, 17/00
GRANULATION; PELLETISATION | 19/00
MIXTURES OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS | 21/00

|  | C05B 1/00 |
Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly

|  | C05B 1/02 |
· | Superphosphates

|  | C05B 1/04 |
· | Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate

|  | C05B 1/06 |
· | Ammoniation of superphosphates (fertilisers based essentially on ammonium orthophosphate Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 7/00)

|  | C05B 1/10 |
· | Apparatus for the manufacture of superphosphates

|  | C05B 3/00 |
Fertilisers based essentially on di-calcium phosphate (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 11/00 takes precedence)

|  | C05B 5/00 |
Thomas phosphate; Other slag phosphates

|  | C05B 7/00 |
Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 11/00 takes precendence)

|  | C05B 9/00 |
Fertilisers based essentially on phosphates or double phosphates of magnesium (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 11/00 takes precedence)

|  | C05B 11/00 |
Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes

|  | C05B 11/02 |
· | Pretreatment

|  | C05B 11/04 |
· | using mineral acid

|  | C05B 11/06 |
· · | using nitric acid (nitrophosphates)

|  | C05B 11/08 |
· · | using sulfuric acid

|  | C05B 11/10 |
· · | using orthophosphoric acid

|  | C05B 11/12 |
· · | using aqueous hydrochloric acid

|  | C05B 11/14 |
· · | using wet gaseous acids

|  | C05B 11/16 |
· | using alkaline lyes

|  | C05B 13/00 |
Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials

|  | C05B 13/02 |
· | from rock phosphates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 13/06 takes precedence)

|  | C05B 13/04 |
· | from metallic phosphorus compounds, e.g. ferro-phosphorus

|  | C05B 13/06 |
· | Alkali or alkaline earth meta- or polyphosphate fertilisers

|  | C05B 15/00 |
Organic phosphatic fertilisers (bone meal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B 17/00)

|  | C05B 17/00 |
Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal

|  | C05B 17/02 |
· | containing manganese

|  | C05B 19/00 |
Granulation or pelletisation of phosphatic fertilisers other than slag (granulating slag Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | C05B 19/02 |
· | of superphosphates or mixtures containing them

|  | C05B 21/00 |
Mixtures of phosphatic fertilisers covered by more than one of the preceding main groups