|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H05 |
ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | H05K |
PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS (details of instruments or comparable details of other apparatus not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B; thin-film or thick-film circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/13; non-printed means for electric connections to or between printed circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R; casings for, or constructional details of, particular types of apparatus, see the relevant subclasses; processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. heating, spraying, for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant classes)

|  | H05K |
Note(s) This subclass covers: combinations of a radio or television receiver with apparatus having a different main function; printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "printed circuits" covers all kinds of mechanical constructions of circuits that consist of an insulating base or support carrying the conductor and are combined structurally with the conductor throughout their length, especially in a two-dimensional plane, the conductors of which are secured to the base in a non-dismountable manner, and also covers the processes or apparatus for manufacturing such constructions, e.g. forming the circuit by mechanical or chemical treatment of a conductive foil, paste, or film on an insulating support.

|  | H05K |
Subclass index
PRINTED CIRCUITS ASSOCIATED OR NOT ASSOCIATED WITH NON-PRINTED ELECTRIC COMPONENTS |
Types; manufacture | 1/00; 3/00
CASINGS, CABINETS OR DRAWERS; CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS | 5/00; 7/00
SCREENING | 9/00
COMBINATIONS OF A RADIO OR TELEVISION RECEIVER WITH OTHER APPARATUS | 11/00
MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLAGES | 13/00
ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPROVING THE OPERATING RELIABILITY | 10/00

|  | H05K 1/00 |
Printed circuits (assemblies of a plurality of individual semiconductor or solid state devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 25/00; devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate, e.g. integrated circuits, thin-film or thick-film circuits, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L 27/00)

|  | H05K 1/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05K 1/03 |
· · | Use of materials for the substrate [3]

|  | H05K 1/05 |
· · · | Insulated metal substrate [3]

|  | H05K 1/09 |
· · | Use of materials for the metallic pattern [3]

|  | H05K 1/11 |
· · | Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits [3]

|  | H05K 1/14 |
· · | Structural association of two or more printed circuits (providing electric connection to or between printed circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 1/11, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R 9/09, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R 23/68)

|  | H05K 1/16 |
· | incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor

|  | H05K 1/18 |
· | Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 1/16 takes precedence)

|  | H05K 3/00 |
Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits (photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, materials or originals therefor, apparatus specially adapted therefor, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F; involving the manufacture of semiconductor devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L) [3]

|  | H05K 3/02 |
· | in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding

|  | H05K 3/04 |
· · | the conductive material being removed mechanically, e.g. by punching

|  | H05K 3/06 |
· · | the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process

|  | H05K 3/07 |
· · · | being removed electrolytically [3]

|  | H05K 3/08 |
· · | the conductive material being removed by electric discharge, e.g. by spark erosion

|  | H05K 3/10 |
· | in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern

|  | H05K 3/12 |
· · | using printing techniques to apply the conductive material

|  | H05K 3/14 |
· · | using spraying techniques to apply the conductive material

|  | H05K 3/16 |
· · · | by cathodic sputtering

|  | H05K 3/18 |
· · | using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material

|  | H05K 3/20 |
· · | by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern

|  | H05K 3/22 |
· | Secondary treatment of printed circuits

|  | H05K 3/24 |
· · | Reinforcing of the conductive pattern

|  | H05K 3/26 |
· · | Cleaning or polishing of the conductive pattern

|  | H05K 3/28 |
· · | Applying non-metallic protective coatings

|  | H05K 3/30 |
· | Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor

|  | H05K 3/32 |
· · | electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits

|  | H05K 3/34 |
· · · | by soldering

|  | H05K 3/36 |
· | Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits

|  | H05K 3/38 |
· | Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal [3]

|  | H05K 3/40 |
· | Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits [3]

|  | H05K 3/42 |
· · | Plated through-holes [3]

|  | H05K 3/44 |
· | Manufacturing insulated metal core circuits [3]

|  | H05K 3/46 |
· | Manufacturing multi-layer circuits [3]

|  | H05K 5/00 |
Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B; radio receiver cabinets Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 1/08; television receiver cabinets Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/64)

|  | H05K 5/02 |
· | Details

|  | H05K 5/03 |
· · | Covers

|  | H05K 5/04 |
· | Metal casings

|  | H05K 5/06 |
· | Hermetically-sealed casings

|  | H05K 7/00 |
Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus (casings, cabinets, drawers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 5/00)

|  | H05K 7/02 |
· | Arrangements of circuit components or wiring on supporting structure

|  | H05K 7/04 |
· · | on conductive chassis

|  | H05K 7/06 |
· · | on insulating boards

|  | H05K 7/08 |
· · · | on perforated boards

|  | H05K 7/10 |
· · | Plug-in assemblages of components

|  | H05K 7/12 |
· · | Resilient or clamping means for holding component to structure (holding two-part couplings together Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R 13/00)

|  | H05K 7/14 |
· | Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack

|  | H05K 7/16 |
· · | on hinges or pivots

|  | H05K 7/18 |
· | Construction of rack or frame

|  | H05K 7/20 |
· | Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating

|  | H05K 9/00 |
Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields (devices for absorbing radiation from an aerial Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01Q 17/00)

|  | H05K 10/00 |
Arrangements for improving the operating reliability of electronic equipment, e.g. by providing a similar stand-by unit

|  | H05K 10/00 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the following appropriate places: [6]
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 9/03 | Electric redundant control systems [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/16 | Error detection or correction of data by redundancy in digital computer hardware [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B 29/16 | Security signalling or alarm systems [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H 3/05 | Redundant emergency protective circuit arrangements [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 3/38 | Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02J 9/04 | Circuit arrangements with stand-by power supply [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/003 | Modifications for increasing the reliability of logic circuits or inverting circuits [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/007 | Fail-safe logic circuits or inverting circuits [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 7/07 | Redundant clock signal generation in generators of electronic oscillations or pulses [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 1/74 | Transmission systems using redundant channels or apparatus [6] |
Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 1/22 | Redundant apparatus for increasing reliability of arrangements used for the transmission of digital information. [6] |

|  | H05K 11/00 |
Combinations of a radio or television receiver with apparatus having a different main function

|  | H05K 11/02 |
· | with vehicles

|  | H05K 13/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components

|  | H05K 13/02 |
· | Feeding of components (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G)

|  | H05K 13/04 |
· | Mounting of components

|  | H05K 13/06 |
· | Wiring by machine

|  | H05K 13/08 |
· | Monitoring manufacture of assemblages