|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H05 |
ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | H05G |
X-RAY TECHNIQUE (apparatus for radiation diagnosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 6/00; X-ray therapy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61N; testing by X-rays Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; apparatus for X-ray photography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B; filters, conversion screens, microscopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21K; X-ray tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 35/00; TV systems having X-ray input Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/321)

|  | H05G 1/00 |
X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor

|  | H05G 1/02 |
· | Constructional details

|  | H05G 1/04 |
· · | Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing

|  | H05G 1/06 |
· · · | X-ray tube and at least part of the power supply apparatus being mounted within the same housing

|  | H05G 1/08 |
· | Electrical details

|  | H05G 1/10 |
· · | Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube

|  | H05G 1/12 |
· · · | with dc or rectified single-phase ac

|  | H05G 1/14 |
· · · | with single-phase low-frequency ac

|  | H05G 1/16 |
· · · · | Reducing the peak-inverse voltage

|  | H05G 1/18 |
· · · | with polyphase ac of low frequency

|  | H05G 1/20 |
· · · | with high-frequency ac; with pulse trains

|  | H05G 1/22 |
· · · | with single pulses

|  | H05G 1/24 |
· · · · | Obtaining pulses by using energy storage devices (pulse generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K)

|  | H05G 1/26 |
· · | Measuring, controlling, protecting (measuring electric values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; measuring X-ray intensity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T)

|  | H05G 1/28 |
· · · | Measuring or recording actual exposure time; Counting number of exposures; Measuring required exposure time

|  | H05G 1/30 |
· · · | Controlling

|  | H05G 1/32 |
· · · · | Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05G 1/34 |
· · · · | Anode current, heater current, heater voltage of X-ray tube (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05G 1/36 |
· · · · | Temperature of anode; Brightness of image

|  | H05G 1/38 |
· · · · | Exposure time

|  | H05G 1/40 |
· · · · · | using adjustable time switch

|  | H05G 1/42 |
· · · · · | using arrangements for switching when a predetermined dose of radiation has been applied, e.g. in which the switching instant is determined by measuring the electrical energy supplied to the tube

|  | H05G 1/44 |
· · · · · · | in which the switching instant is determined by measuring the amount of radiation directly

|  | H05G 1/46 |
· · · · | Combined control of different quantities, e.g. exposure time as well as voltage or current

|  | H05G 1/48 |
· · · · | Compensating the voltage drop occurring at the instant of switching-on of the apparatus (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | H05G 1/50 |
· · · · | Passing the tube current only during a restricted portion of the voltage waveform

|  | H05G 1/52 |
· · · · | Target size or shape; Direction of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode

|  | H05G 1/54 |
· · · | Protecting (overload protection combined with control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05G 1/46)

|  | H05G 1/56 |
· · | Switching-on; Switching-off

|  | H05G 1/58 |
· · | Switching arrangements for changing-over from one mode of operation to another, e.g. from radioscopy to radiography, from radioscopy to irradiation

|  | H05G 1/60 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for obtaining a series of X-ray photographs or for X-ray cinematography

|  | H05G 1/61 |
· · · | for obtaining stereoscopic photographs [5]

|  | H05G 1/62 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for obtaining X-ray photography at predetermined instants in the movement of an object, e.g. X-ray stroboscopy

|  | H05G 1/64 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating electronic image converters, e.g. image intensifiers [5]

|  | H05G 1/66 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with target movable relatively to the anode

|  | H05G 1/68 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for Lilienfeld tubes; Circuit arrangements for gas-filled X-ray tubes

|  | H05G 1/70 |
· · | Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with more than one anode; Circuit arrangements for apparatus comprising more than one X-ray tube

|  | H05G 2/00 |
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma (X-ray lasers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 4/00; plasma technique in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05H) [5]