<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart>

<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart> MACHINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only ENGINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only PUMPS positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston reciprocating piston or other non-positive displacement <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>DRYING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM</text> <entryReference>drying devices for combines <sref ref="A01D0041133000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>racks for drying fruit or vegetables <sref ref="A01F0025120000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying foodstuffs <sref ref="A23"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying hair <sref ref="A45D0020000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>body-drying implements <sref ref="A47K0010000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying household articles <sref ref="A47L"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying gases or vapours <sref ref="B01D"/></entryReference> <entryReference>chemical or physical processes for dewatering or like separating liquids from solids <sref ref="B01D0043000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>centrifugal apparatus <sref ref="B04"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying ceramics <sref ref="C04B0033300000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying yarns or fabrics in association with some other form of treatment <sref ref="D06C"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation, domestic laundry-or spin-driers, wringing or hot pressing laundry <sref ref="D06F"/></entryReference> <entryReference>furnaces, kilns, ovens <sref ref="F27"/></entryReference> </titlePart> Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials are further classified in subclass . PROCESSES FOR DRYING Preliminary treatment Processes: with heat; without heat; by combination of both types ; ; MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING With articles to be dried at rest or locally agitated, domestic airing With non-progressive movement With progressive movement: for fabrics or yarns; for articles and compact batches; for material not in compact batches ; ; Other kinds Combinations using at least two of the above kinds ARRANGEMENTS OR DETAILS OF GENERAL APPLICATIONS Arrangements for air or gas for drying; heating ; Other details <titlePart> <text>Processes for drying</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat</text> <entryReference>in specific machines or apparatus <mref ref="F26B0009000000" endRef="F26B0019000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the gas or vapour circulating over, or surrounding, the materials or objects to be dried</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0003140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0003140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using inert thermally-stabilised particles</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a magnetic field to stabilise the fluidised bed</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in the form of a spray</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in a counter-flow of the gas or vapour</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the heat source being a heated surface</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0003220000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the movement being rotation</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the movement being performed by gravity</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by radiation, e.g. from the sun</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>from infra-red-emitting elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by using electrical effects</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Resistance heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by using mechanical effects, e.g. by friction</text> <entryReference>by using ultrasonic vibration <sref ref="F26B0005020000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat</text> <entryReference>separating liquids from solids by straining <sref ref="B01D"/></entryReference> <entryReference>replacing liquids in wet solids by other liquids, e.g. water by spirit, <sref ref="B01D0012000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>drying by electrophoresis <sref ref="B01J"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by using ultrasonic vibrations</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the process involving freezing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by centrifugal treatment</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the process involving freezing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by suction</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by applying pressure, e.g. wringing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by brushing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by wiping</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by contact with sorbent bodies, e.g. absorbent mould</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by admixture with sorbent materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups <sref ref="F26B0003000000"/> or <sref ref="F26B0005000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Domestic airing cupboards</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in buildings</text> <entryReference>special types of buildings <sref ref="E04H"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in presses or clamping devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in stationary drums or chambers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>including agitating devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in the open air</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in pans or tables in rooms</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Drying stacks of loose material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0011180000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with stirring devices which are held stationary</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>rotating about a vertical or steeply-inclined axis</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with stirring devices which are held stationary</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0011220000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with stirring devices which are held stationary</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>on or in stationary dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles, with moving stirring devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement in a straight line</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using rollers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement in a sinuous or zig-zag path</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using rollers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for feeding, heating, or supporting materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Regulating movement, tension, or position of materials</text> <entryReference>heating processes <sref ref="F26B0003000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Regulating movement, tension, or position of material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Rollers</text> <entryReference>sorbent surfaces <sref ref="F26B0013260000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>perforated</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0013180000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>for applying suction <sref ref="F26B0013300000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>heated</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>cooled</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supporting materials by fluid jets, e.g. air</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements of gas flames</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating</text> <entryReference>such processes <u>per se</u><sref ref="F26B0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using sorbent surfaces, e.g. bands or coverings on rollers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for applying pressure</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for brushing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for wiping</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for applying suction, e.g. through perforated rollers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0013000000"/>, <sref ref="F26B0017000000"/> take precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>conveyers in general <sref ref="B65G"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement in the whole or part of a circle</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in a horizontal plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>involving several planes, one above the other</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in a vertical plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the objects or batches of materials being carried by wheeled trucks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the lines being all vertical or steeply inclined</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in a zig-zag path</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement in a helical path</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0013000000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by belts carrying the materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by belts propelling the materials over stationary surfaces</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0017080000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the belts being all vertical or steeply inclined</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0017080000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0003080000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed solely by gravity</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the materials moving through a counter-current of gas</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the materials passing down a heated surface</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyers moving materials in stationary chambers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the axis of rotation being vertical or steeply inclined</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyers propelling materials over stationary surfaces</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by rollers or discs with material passing over or between them, e.g. suction drum, sieve</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by rotary or oscillating containers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with movement performed by rotary floors</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the movement being in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the movement being in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups <mref ref="F26B0009000000" endRef="F26B0017000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Combinations of machines or apparatus covered by two or more of groups <mref ref="F26B0009000000" endRef="F26B0019000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details of general application</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects</text> <entryReference>air-conditioning or ventilation in general <sref ref="F24F"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0021140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>partly outside the drying enclosure</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0021140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Humidity</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Temperature</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Pressure</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Velocity of flow</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Quantity of flow</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using gases or vapours other than air or steam</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Heating arrangements</text> <entryReference>using heated air or gases <sref ref="F26B0021000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using combustion heating</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0023100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using electric heating</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0023100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>resistance heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>inductive heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>capacitative heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>microwave heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using tubes or passages containing heated fluids</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details of general application not covered by group <sref ref="F26B0021000000"/> or <sref ref="F26B0023000000"/></text> <entryReference>loading, conveying, or unloading in general <sref ref="B65G"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another subclass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Chambers, containers, or receptacles</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Parts thereof</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Floors, roofs, or bottoms</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>False bottoms</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Walls or sides</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Doors</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>mainly closed, e.g. drum</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Rollers</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F26B0025060000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects</text> </titlePart>