<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart> MACHINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only ENGINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only PUMPS positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston reciprocating piston or other non-positive displacement <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>REFRIGERATION OR COOLING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS, OR SYSTEMS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS</text> <entryReference>heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion <sref ref="C09K0005000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>pumps, compressors <sref ref="F04"/></entryReference> <entryReference>use of heat pumps for domestic or space-heating or for domestic hot-water supply <sref ref="F24D"/></entryReference> <entryReference>air-conditioning, air-humidification <sref ref="F24F"/></entryReference> <entryReference>fluid heaters using heat pumps <sref ref="F24H"/></entryReference> </titlePart> Attention is drawn to Note (2) following the title of subclass . MODE OF OPERATION Compression type characterised by the cycle , characterised by the arrangement self-contained rotary; with several evaporation circuits; with several condenser circuits; with cascade operation ; ; ; characterised by the refrigerant using turbines Sorption type , Other types having a single mode of operation, using: evaporation without recovery; electric or magnetic effects; other effect ; ; Combinations: of above modes of operation; of heating and refrigerating ; Heat pumps Using special energy source DETAILS, ARRANGEMENTS, OR COMPONENTS Components: boilers, analysers, rectifiers; boiler-absorbers; absorbers, adsorbers; evaporators, condensers; subcoolers, desuper- heaters, superheaters ; ; ; ; Arrangements compressor arrangement; fluid circulation; separating or purifying gases ; ; for charging or discharging refrigerant; for combating corrosion or deposits ; Mounting of control and safety devices <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant or systems with non-reversible cycle</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0003000000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0005000000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0006000000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0007000000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0009000000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with compressor of reciprocating-piston type</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0001100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with compressor of rotary type</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0001100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of screw type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of turbine type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0001100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using vapour under pressure</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with multi-stage compression</text> <entryReference>with cascade operation <sref ref="F25B0007000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Self-contained rotary compression machines, i.e. with compressor, condenser, and evaporator rotating as a single unit</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity</text> <entryReference>with cascade operation <sref ref="F25B0007000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>arranged in parallel</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>arranged in series</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several condenser circuits</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>arranged in parallel</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>arranged in series</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0009000000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using Joule-Thompson effect</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using vortex effect</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using vortex effect</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using expanders</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0009100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using ejectors</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0009100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with several cooling stages</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using <sup>3</sup>He-<sup>4</sup>He dilution</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>as expanders</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0009060000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>centrifugal type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression machines, plant, or systems, with reversible cycle</text> <entryReference>defrosting cycles <sref ref="F25B0047020000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Sorption machines, plant, or systems</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>without inert gas</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0015120000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0015140000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0015160000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the refrigerant being sulfuric acid</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the refrigerant being hydrogen desorbed from a hydride</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with inert gas</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0015120000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0015140000"/>, <sref ref="F25B0015160000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with resorber</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0015140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using osmosis</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using desorption cycle</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the absorbent or adsorbent being a liquid, e.g. brine</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0017100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with two or more boilers operating alternately</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with the boiler and evaporator built-up as a unit in a tiltable or revolving arrangement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0017120000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using the endothermic solution of salt</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using desorption of hydrogen from a hydride</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, with a single mode of operation, not covered by groups <mref ref="F25B0001000000" endRef="F25B0017000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using fluid jet, e.g. of steam</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using liquid jet, e.g. of water</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using Peltier effect</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect</text> <entryReference>thermoelectric elements <sref ref="H01L0035000000"/>, <sref ref="H01L0037000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>reversible</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups <mref ref="F25B0001000000" endRef="F25B0021000000"/>, e.g. using selective radiation effect</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups <mref ref="F25B0001000000" endRef="F25B0023000000"/></text> <entryReference>combinations of two or more modes of operation covered by a single main group, <u>see</u> the relevant group</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Machines, plant, or systems, using particular sources of energy</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0030060000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Heat pumps</text> </titlePart> When classifying heat pump circuits or systems, groups and take precedence over group . <titlePart> <text>of the compression type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of the sorption type</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by the source of low potential heat</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Component parts or details</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Compressor arrangements</text> <entryReference>compressors <u>per se</u><sref ref="F04"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of motor-compressor units</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Boilers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Analysers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Rectifiers</text> <entryReference>boiler-absorbers <sref ref="F25B0035000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a liquid as sorbent, e.g. brine</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a solid as sorbent</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Absorbers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Adsorbers</text> <entryReference>boiler-absorbers <sref ref="F25B0035000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents <sref ref="B01D0015000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>separation of gases or vapours by adsorption <sref ref="B01D0053020000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>separation of gases or vapours by absorption <sref ref="B01D0053140000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>investigating using adsorption or absorption <sref ref="G01N0030000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Evaporators</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Condensers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Evaporators</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Condensers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Subcoolers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Desuperheaters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Superheaters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. for transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler</text> <entryReference>pumps <u>per se</u>, sealings therefor <sref ref="F04"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using electro-osmosis</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Disposition of valves</text> <entryReference>valves <u>per se</u><sref ref="F16K"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Flow restrictors, e.g. capillary tubes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Disposition thereof</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids</text> <entryReference>in analysers or rectifiers <sref ref="F25B0033000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F25B0040000000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for separating lubricants from the refrigerant</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for withdrawing non-condensible gases</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Defrosting cycles</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices</text> <entryReference>testing refrigerators <sref ref="G01M"/></entryReference> <entryReference>control in general <sref ref="G05"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for compression type machines, plant or systems</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for sorption type machines, plant or systems</text> </titlePart>