<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart>

<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart> MACHINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only ENGINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only PUMPS positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston reciprocating piston or other non-positive displacement <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>COMBUSTION APPARATUS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>COMBUSTION PROCESSES</text> </titlePart> In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass ; "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame; "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame; "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion. <titlePart> <text>BURNERS</text> <entryReference>generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity <sref ref="F23R"/></entryReference> </titlePart> BURNERS FOR PULVERULENT FUEL BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A LIQUID Using capillary action Using fuel evaporation; direct spraying action ; Using fuel impingement on a surface , BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A GAS BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS OR LIQUID OR PULVERULENT FUEL OTHER BURNERS ASSEMBLIES OF TWO OR MORE BURNERS <titlePart> <text>Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel</text> <entryReference>arrangement or mounting of burners <sref ref="F23C0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners producing sheet flames</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Combustion of a liquid</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners using capillary action</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Wick burners</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with flame spreaders</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0003120000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Inverted wick burners, e.g. for illumination</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by shape, construction, or material, of wick</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Blue-flame burners</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with flame spreaders</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with mixing of air and fuel vapour in a chamber before the flame</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using candles</text> <entryReference>candles <u>per se</u><sref ref="C11C"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details of wick burners</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Flame spreaders</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for mixing evaporated fuel with air</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Carriers for wicks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Safety devices thereon</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Wick-adjusting devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>directly engaging with the wick</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>engaging with a tube carrying the wick</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Wick stop devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Wick-fixing devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for trimming wicks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for replacement of wicks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the liquid forming a pool, e.g. bowl-type evaporators, dish-type evaporators</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Pot-type evaporators, i.e. using a partially-enclosed combustion space</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>on cascaded surfaces</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>on grids</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Maintaining predetermined amount of fuel in evaporator</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Safety devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preheating devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners in which drops of liquid fuel impinge on a surface</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space</text> <entryReference>spraying in general <sref ref="B05B"/>, <sref ref="B05D"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a horizontal shaft</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a vertical shaft</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with a single outlet, e.g. slit</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the gaseous medium being water vapour generated at the nozzle</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the water vapour being superheated</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the gaseous medium being vaporised fuel, e.g. for a soldering lamp</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by electrostatic means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by ultrasonic means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Nozzles</text> <entryReference>nozzles in general <sref ref="B05B"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Cleaning devices therefor</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Mixing tubes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burner heads</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Starting devices</text> <entryReference>igniting <sref ref="F23Q"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preheating devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Vaporising devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with radial outlets at the burner head</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with axial outlets at the burner head</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with elongated tubular burner head</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Radiant burners</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using screens or perforated plates</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using permeable blocks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using catalysis for flameless combustion</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone</text> <entryReference><mref ref="F23D0014300000" endRef="F23D0014440000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with provision for a retention flame</text> <entryReference>pilot flame igniters <sref ref="F23Q0009000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in association with a gaseous fuel source, e.g. acetylene generator, or a container for liquefied gas</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Inverted burners, e.g. for illumination</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>in which the compressor and burner form a single unit</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Torches, e.g. for cutting, brazing, welding or heating</text> <entryReference>nozzles <sref ref="F23D0014480000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for welding</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014440000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for cutting</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014440000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for use under water</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Nozzles</text> <entryReference>for spraying or coating <sref ref="B05B"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Cleaning devices therefor</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for torches</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for blow-pipes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for cutting or welding metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, for heating workpieces</text> <entryReference>scarfing by applying flames <sref ref="B23K0007000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air</text> <entryReference>regulation of combustion in general <sref ref="F23N"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Mixing devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Mixing tubes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with injectors</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preheating the combustion air or gas</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, by moistening</text> <entryReference>in general <sref ref="B01"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply</text> <entryReference>protection or supervision of pipe-line systems <sref ref="F17D0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preventing flame lift-off</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014700000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Protecting flame and burner parts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Cooling burner parts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Selection of a non-toxic gas</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preventing flashback or blowback</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014700000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>in gas feed lines <sref ref="A62C0004020000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Flame spreading or otherwise shaping</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F23D0014700000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Other burners</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Burners not otherwise provided for</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Assemblies of two or more burners</text> <entryReference>gas burners with provision for a retention flame <sref ref="F23D0014260000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>arrangement or mounting of burners <sref ref="F23C0005000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>for industrial furnaces <sref ref="F27"/></entryReference> </titlePart>