<titlePart> <text>SECTION E <emdash/> FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BUILDING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BUILDING</text> <entryReference>layered materials, layered products in general <sref ref="B32B"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>ROOF COVERINGS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>SKY-LIGHTS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>GUTTERS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>ROOF-WORKING TOOLS</text> <entryReference>coverings of outer walls by plaster or other porous material <sref ref="E04F0013000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "roof coverings" includes any similar kind of watertight covering against rain, snow, hail, or the like, for other parts of buildings. ROOF COVERINGS Tiles or slates; slabs or stiff sheets; flexible materials ; ; , Bulk materials, straw or thatch , , Other materials SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH ROOF COVERINGS , APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ROOF WORKING <titlePart> <text>Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements</text> <entryReference>roofing supports <sref ref="E04D0012000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Grooved or vaulted roofing elements</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0001280000"/>, <sref ref="E04D0001300000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plastics</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of fibrous materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups <mref ref="E04D0001040000" endRef="E04D0001080000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0001280000"/>, <sref ref="E04D0001300000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of slate material, with or without fastening means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plastics, fibrous materials, or wood</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups <mref ref="E04D0001140000" endRef="E04D0001200000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofing elements with cavities, e.g. hollow tiles</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0001280000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Strip-shaped roofing elements appearing as a row of shingles</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofing elements comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0003400000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices <sref ref="E04D0013180000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for sealing the spaces or joints between roof-covering elements</text> <entryReference>sealing joints not restricted to roof covering elements <sref ref="E04B0001680000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0001000000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>built-up roofs <sref ref="E04D0011020000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0003350000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of concrete or ceramics</text> <entryReference>of asbestos cement <sref ref="E04D0003180000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of glass or other translucent material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fixing means therefor</text> <entryReference>fixing glass panes by means applicable to windows <sref ref="E06B0003540000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with metal glazing bars</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with glazing bars of other material, e.g. of glass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any of groups <sref ref="E04D0003040000"/>, <sref ref="E04D0003060000"/> or <sref ref="E04D0003160000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0003350000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of concrete or ceramics</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of glass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plastics, fibrous materials, or asbestos cement</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups <mref ref="E04D0003260000" endRef="E04D0003320000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Connecting</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fastening</text> </titlePart> In groups , additional small fastening elements, e.g. nails, screws, are not to be considered to be separate connecting elements. <titlePart> <text>by specially-profiled marginal portions of the slabs or sheets</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by locking the edge of one slab or sheet within the profiled marginal portion of the adjacent slab or sheet, e.g. using separate connecting elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with snap action</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by interference fitting</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by simple overlapping of the marginal portions with use of separate connecting elements, e.g. hooks or bolts for corrugated sheets</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by closing the space between the slabs or sheets by gutters, bulges, or bridging elements, e.g. strips</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by permanent deformation of the marginal portions of adjacent slabs or sheets, e.g. by folding the edges</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by forcing together the marginal portions of adjacent slabs or sheets</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by welding of the marginal portions of adjacent slabs or sheets</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0003360000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>sealing joints not restricted to roof covering elements <sref ref="E04B0001680000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Slabs or sheets locally modified for auxiliary purposes, e.g. for resting on walls, for serving as guttering</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements for particular purposes, e.g. ridge elements, specially designed for use in conjunction with slabs or sheets</text> <entryReference>roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices <sref ref="E04D0013180000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form</text> <entryReference>using stiff sheets <sref ref="E04D0003000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>gravelling of flat roofs <sref ref="E04D0007000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>built-up roofs <sref ref="E04D0011020000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> Group takes precedence over groups . <titlePart> <text>of materials impregnated with sealing substances, e.g. roofing felt</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by making use of metal foils</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by making use of plastics</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by making use of other materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0005120000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>specially modified, e.g. perforated, with granulated surface, with attached pads</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fastening means therefor</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering by sealing masses applied <u>in situ</u></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Gravelling of flat roofs</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering by using straw, thatch, or like materials</text> <entryReference>impregnation against incendiary damage <sref ref="B27K"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups <mref ref="E04D0001000000" endRef="E04D0009000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups <mref ref="E04D0001000000" endRef="E04D0009000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Built-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together <u>in situ</u>, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition</text> <entryReference>gravelling of flat roofs <sref ref="E04D0007000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>venting or ventilation <sref ref="E04D0013170000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0011020000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof drainage</text> <entryReference>ventilation tiles <sref ref="E04D0001300000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>ventilation slabs <sref ref="E04D0003400000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>internal channels <sref ref="E04F0017000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>roofing elements therefor, <u>see</u> the relevant groups</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof-covering aspects of dormer windows</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0013140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>structures therefor <sref ref="E04B0007180000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Sky-lights</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Domes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Ventilating sky-lights</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0013140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>structures therefor <sref ref="E04B0007180000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by having movable parts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof drainage</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Drainage fittings in flat roofs</text> <entryReference>gutter tiles <sref ref="E04D0001300000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>gutter slabs <sref ref="E04D0003400000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>street gullies <sref ref="E03F0005040000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Gutters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Means for fastening gutter parts together</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Hanging means</text> <entryReference>in combination with means for fastening gutter parts together <sref ref="E04D0013068000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices or arrangements for removing snow, ice or debris from gutters or for preventing accumulation thereof</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Down pipes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Special clamping means therefor</text> <entryReference>clamping pipes in general <sref ref="F16B"/>, <sref ref="F16L"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Snow traps</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices or arrangements allowing walking on the roof or in the gutter</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with ventilating means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>specially adapted for inclined roofs</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Trimming strips</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Edge strips</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Fascias</text> <entryReference><sref ref="E04D0013140000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with ventilating means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>retaining the roof sheathing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>covering the overhang at the eave side, e.g. soffits, or the verge of saddle roofs</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned</text> <entryReference>methods for keeping dry building structures in general <sref ref="E04B0001700000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>buildings for extreme climates <sref ref="E04H0009160000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for</text> <entryReference>ventilation of rooms or spaces <sref ref="F24F"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices, e.g. including solar panels</text> <entryReference>heat collectors <u>per se</u><sref ref="F24J"/>, e.g. solar heat collectors <sref ref="F24J0002020000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>semiconductor devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy <sref ref="H01L0025000000"/>, <sref ref="H01L0031000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Apparatus or tools for roof working</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for roof coverings comprising tiles, shingles, or like roofing elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for roof coverings comprising slabs, sheets or flexible material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for handling roofing or sealing material in roll form</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for handling roofing or sealing material in bulk form</text> </titlePart>