LIQUID/LIQUID, LIQUID/GAS OR GAS/GAS SEPARATION Method General operations by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus using magnetic or electrostatic effect Apparatus General operations by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus , using magnetic or electrostatic effect SOLID/LIQUID OR SOLID/GAS SEPARATION Method General operations by centrifugal force using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus using magnetic or electrostatic effect Apparatus General operations by centrifugal force using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus , using magnetic or electrostatic effect SOLID/SOLID SEPARATION Method Dry methods material in bulk Individual sorting Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting using pneumatic tables or jigs by magnetic or electrostatic effect by centrifugal force using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus Wet methods General operations flotation, differential sedimentation screening Combinations Dry methods - wet methods Apparatus Dry methods material in bulk Individual sorting Screening, sifting, pneumatic sorting using pneumatic tables or jigs by magnetic or electrostatic effect by centrifugal force using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatus , Wet methods General operations flotation, differential sedimentation screening Combinations Dry methods - wet methods HAND COMPOSING MECHANICAL COMPOSING Using prefabricated type; making type ; By casting the type , , PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSING Machines composing lines prior to photography Machines without means for composing lines prior to photography Electronic machines Equipment for special work Details of machines; auxiliaries ; PREPARATION OF RECORD CARRIERS CONTROL, INDICATING, SAFETY Attention is drawn to Notes (1) and (2) following the title of subclass . PLATEN PRESSES CYLINDER PRESSES ROTARY MACHINES Letterpress, lithographic, intaglio machines , , Other machines; combined machines , ; Details Screen printers Transfer printing machines DETAILS Handling sheets or other surfaces to be printed; treating such surfaces , ; , Attaching printing elements; make-ready arrangements, impression or offset surfaces; inking ; ; Auxiliary devices; cleaning ; This subclass covers: manually controlled power-operated apparatus or apparatus of this type with additional control by input of recorded information, e.g. on punched cards or tapes; the "print-out" features of apparatus controlled by record carriers or electric signals in so far as these are of general interest, e.g. impression, inking, line-spacing mechanisms, printing heads. This subclass does not cover: electrical features of apparatus controlled by record carriers or electric signals and of interest apart from the "print-out" features of said apparatus; apparatus controlled by record carriers or electric signals, as a whole. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "paper" covers also similar flexible copy material; "printing material" covers both paper and temporary record carriers from which records are transferred to a paper, but does not cover printing masters, e.g. formes. KINDS OF APPARATUS characterised by the mounting, arrangement, or disposition of the types or dies characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by the purpose COMMON DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES Character selection , Hammer impression Supporting or handling copy or duplicating material Transfer material of page-width in ribbon form; ink ribbon cartridges , , ; Inking Spacing Drives Particular operations Others , , This subclass does not cover constituent parts common to manifolding by means of pressure-sensitive layers or intermediaries, to apparatus or machines for duplicating or printing for office or other commercial purposes, or to addressing machines or like series-printing machines, which are covered by subclass . In this subclass, as indicated by the references, groups and are intended to cover letterpress and lithographic printing apparatus only in so far as it is specially adapted for office or other commercial purposes; the general constructions or features of apparatus of these types are classified in subclass . Constructions or features determining classification in these groups are, for example: ease of operation by clerical staff, cleanliness of operation in non-industrial environments, the use of printing surfaces constructed for the production of a limited number of copies. In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "manifolding" means the obtaining of several copies simultaneously by means of pressure-sensitive layers when making an original; "duplicating" means the obtaining of successive copies from a master, e.g. a hectographic image; "stencilling" involves the use of a printing surface which is perforated to form the image, the ink flowing through the perforations on the copy material. MANIFOLDING , , DUPLICATING From hectographic masters , , By stencil Otherwise PRINTING Letterpress apparatus Lithographic apparatus Other apparatus COMMON DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES Treatment of surfaces before printing; handling thereof ; , Impression or offset surfaces; moistening thereof ; Inking Handling printing elements or formes Cylinders; Attaching coverings or make-ready devices ; Auxiliary operations , , SPECIAL MACHINES FOR SERIES-PRINTING , ,