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<ipcEntries displayMode="e20080101;a20070101;c20060101" ipcLevel="a" split="subclass" languages=",en,fr," size="41588">
	<ipcEntry kind="s" symbol="G" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
		<textBody>
			<title>
				<titlePart>
					<text>SECTION G <emdash/> PHYSICS</text>
				</titlePart>
			</title>
		</textBody>
		<ipcEntry kind="n" symbol="G" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
			<textBody>
				<note type="number">
					<noteParagraph>
						<text>In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:</text>
						<subnote type="bullet">
							<noteParagraph>
								<text>"variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).</text>
							</noteParagraph>
						</subnote>
					</noteParagraph>
					<noteParagraph>
						<text>Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class <sref ref="G01"/> and "control" and "regulation" in class <sref ref="G05"/>.</text>
					</noteParagraph>
					<noteParagraph>
						<text>Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (<sref ref="G09"/>), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (<sref ref="G01"/>), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (<sref ref="G08"/>). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (<sref ref="G01L"/>) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class <sref ref="G01"/>, e.g., <sref ref="G01K"/> for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (<sref ref="G07C"/>), to give an alarm (<sref ref="G08B"/>), or to control another apparatus (<sref ref="G05"/>).</text>
						<subnote type="none">
							<noteParagraph>
								<text>The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.</text>
							</noteParagraph>
						</subnote>
					</noteParagraph>
				</note>
			</textBody>
		</ipcEntry>
		<ipcEntry kind="t" symbol="G01" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
			<textBody>
				<title>
					<titlePart>
						<text>INSTRUMENTS</text>
					</titlePart>
				</title>
			</textBody>
		</ipcEntry>
		<ipcEntry kind="c" symbol="G08" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
			<textBody>
				<title>
					<titlePart>
						<text>SIGNALLING</text>
						<entryReference>indicating or display devices <u>per se</u><sref ref="G09F"/></entryReference>
						<entryReference>transmission of pictures <sref ref="H04N"/></entryReference>
					</titlePart>
				</title>
			</textBody>
			<ipcEntry kind="u" symbol="G08C" ipcLevel="C" edition="19850101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
				<textBody>
					<title>
						<titlePart>
							<text>TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS</text>
							<entryReference>fluid pressure transmission systems <sref ref="F15B"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>sensing members for specific physical variables, <u>see</u> the relevant subclasses, e.g. of <sref ref="G01"/>, of <sref ref="H01"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>indicators or recorders, <u>see</u> the relevant subclasses, e.g. <sref ref="G01D"/>, <sref ref="G09F"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member into a different variable <sref ref="G01D0005000000"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>self-balancing bridges <sref ref="G01R"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>position control in general <sref ref="G05D0003000000"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>mechanical control systems <sref ref="G05G"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>systems for transmitting "on/off" signals only, systems for transmitting alarm conditions <sref ref="G08B"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>order telegraph systems <sref ref="G08B0009000000"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>generating electric pulses <sref ref="H03K"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>coding, decoding or code conversion, in general <sref ref="H03M"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>transmission of digital information <sref ref="H04L"/></entryReference>
							<entryReference>selective calling from one station to another <sref ref="H04Q0009000000"/></entryReference>
						</titlePart>
					</title>
				</textBody>
				<ipcEntry kind="i" symbol="G08C" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<index>
							<indexEntry>
								<text>TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS IN GENERAL</text>
								<indexEntry>
									<text>Electric; non-electric </text>
									<references><sref ref="G08C0019000000"/>; <sref ref="G08C0023000000"/></references>
								</indexEntry>
							</indexEntry>
							<indexEntry>
								<text>SYSTEMS FOR TRANSMITTING THE POSITION OF AN OBJECT </text>
								<references><sref ref="G08C0021000000"/></references>
							</indexEntry>
							<indexEntry>
								<text>ARRANGEMENTS CHARACTERISED BY THE METHOD OF TRANSMISSION</text>
								<indexEntry>
									<text>Multiplex; use of a wireless electrical link </text>
									<references><sref ref="G08C0015000000"/>; <sref ref="G08C0017000000"/></references>
								</indexEntry>
							</indexEntry>
							<indexEntry>
								<text>PROCESSING SIGNALS</text>
								<indexEntry>
									<text>Differentiating, delaying </text>
									<references><sref ref="G08C0013000000"/></references>
								</indexEntry>
							</indexEntry>
							<indexEntry>
								<text>MONITORING, PREVENTING OR CORRECTING ERRORS </text>
								<references><sref ref="G08C0025000000"/></references>
							</indexEntry>
						</index>
					</textBody>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0013000000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="10" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Arrangements for influencing the relationship between signals at input and output, e.g. differentiating, delaying</text>
								<entryReference>transferring the output of a sensing member to measuring arrangements giving results not yielding momentary value <sref ref="G01D0001000000"/></entryReference>
								<entryReference>systems for control of position involving comparison between actual and desired values <sref ref="G05D0003000000"/></entryReference>
								<entryReference>computing in general <sref ref="G06"/></entryReference>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0013020000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>to yield a signal which is a function of two or more signals, e.g. sum, product</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0015000000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="20" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path</text>
								<entryReference>multiplex transmission in general <sref ref="H04J"/></entryReference>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0015020000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>simultaneously, i.e. using frequency division</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0015040000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>the signals being modulated on carrier frequencies</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0015060000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>successively, i.e. using time division</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0015080000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>the signals being represented by amplitude of current or voltage in transmission link</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0015100000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>the signals being represented by frequencies or phase of current or voltage in transmission link</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0015120000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>the signals being represented by pulse characteristics in transmission link</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0017000000" ipcLevel="C" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="50" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link</text>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0017020000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using a radio link</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0017040000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using magnetically coupled devices</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0017060000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using capacity coupling</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0019000000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="60" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Electric signal transmission systems</text>
								<entryReference><sref ref="G08C0017000000"/> takes precedence</entryReference>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019020000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage</text>
									<entryReference><sref ref="G08C0019360000"/>, <sref ref="G08C0019380000"/> take precedence</entryReference>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019040000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using variable resistance</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019060000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using variable inductance</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
							<ipcEntry kind="3" symbol="G08C0019080000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
								<textBody>
									<title>
										<titlePart>
											<text>differentially influencing two coils</text>
										</titlePart>
									</title>
								</textBody>
							</ipcEntry>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019100000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using variable capacitance</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019120000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>in which the signal transmitted is frequency or phase of ac</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019140000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using combination of fixed frequencies</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019160000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>in which transmission is by pulses</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019180000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using a variable number of pulses in a train</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
							<ipcEntry kind="3" symbol="G08C0019200000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
								<textBody>
									<title>
										<titlePart>
											<text>operating on dynamo-electric devices, e.g. step motor</text>
										</titlePart>
									</title>
								</textBody>
							</ipcEntry>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019220000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>by varying the duration of individual pulses</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019240000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using time shift of pulses</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019260000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>by varying pulse repetition frequency</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019280000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>using pulse code</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019300000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>in which transmission is by selection of one or more conductors or channels from a plurality of conductors or channels</text>
									<entryReference><sref ref="G08C0019380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019320000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>of one conductor or channel</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019340000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>of a combination of conductors or channels</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019360000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using optical means to convert the input signal</text>
									<entryReference>analogue/digital conversion <u>per se</u><sref ref="H03M0001000000"/></entryReference>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0019380000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using dynamo-electric devices</text>
									<entryReference>operated by pulses <sref ref="G08C0019200000"/></entryReference>
									<entryReference>dynamo-electric machines <u>per se</u><sref ref="H02K"/></entryReference>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019400000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>of which only the rotor or the stator carries a winding to which a signal is applied, e.g. using step motor</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
							<ipcEntry kind="3" symbol="G08C0019420000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
								<textBody>
									<title>
										<titlePart>
											<text>having three stator poles</text>
										</titlePart>
									</title>
								</textBody>
							</ipcEntry>
							<ipcEntry kind="3" symbol="G08C0019440000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
								<textBody>
									<title>
										<titlePart>
											<text>having more than three stator poles</text>
										</titlePart>
									</title>
								</textBody>
							</ipcEntry>
						</ipcEntry>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0019460000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>of which both rotor and stator carry windings</text>
										<entryReference>having squirrel-cage rotor <sref ref="G08C0019400000"/></entryReference>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
							<ipcEntry kind="3" symbol="G08C0019480000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
								<textBody>
									<title>
										<titlePart>
											<text>being of the type with a three-phase stator and a rotor fed by constant-frequency ac, e.g. selsyn, magslip</text>
										</titlePart>
									</title>
								</textBody>
							</ipcEntry>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0021000000" ipcLevel="C" edition="19900101" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="30" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Systems for transmitting the position of an object with respect to a predetermined reference system, e.g. tele-autographic system</text>
								<entryReference>converting the pattern of mechanical parameters, e.g. force or presence, into electrical signals <sref ref="G06K0011000000"/></entryReference>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0023000000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="40" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Non-electric signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems</text>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0023020000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using acoustic waves</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
					</ipcEntry>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0023040000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>using light waves, e.g. infra-red</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
						<ipcEntry kind="2" symbol="G08C0023060000" ipcLevel="A" edition="19950101" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
							<textBody>
								<title>
									<titlePart>
										<text>through light guides, e.g. optical fibres</text>
									</titlePart>
								</title>
							</textBody>
						</ipcEntry>
					</ipcEntry>
				</ipcEntry>
				<ipcEntry kind="m" symbol="G08C0025000000" ipcLevel="C" entryType="K" lang="EN" priorityOrder="0" nocore="yes">
					<textBody>
						<title>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Arrangements for preventing or correcting errors</text>
							</titlePart>
							<titlePart>
								<text>Monitoring arrangements</text>
							</titlePart>
						</title>
					</textBody>
					<ipcEntry kind="1" symbol="G08C0025020000" ipcLevel="A" entryType="K" lang="EN" nocore="yes">
						<textBody>
							<title>
								<titlePart>
									<text>by signalling back from receiving station to transmitting station</text>
								</titlePart>
							</title>
						</textBody>
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									<text>by recording transmitted signals</text>
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