<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart>

<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart> MACHINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only ENGINES positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only reciprocating piston or other liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only non-positive displacement liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid liquid only PUMPS positive displacement rotary or oscillating piston reciprocating piston or other non-positive displacement <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL</text> <entryReference>heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials <sref ref="C09K0005000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation <sref ref="F24F0013300000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> In this class, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid; "heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body. Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined in Note (1) above) for specific purposes is classified either in subclass or in the appropriate subclasses of, for example, classes , , , , or ; if no such other subclass is appropriate, such apparatus is classified in subclass or . <titlePart> <text>DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION</text> <entryReference>water or air traps, air venting <sref ref="F16"/></entryReference> </titlePart> DETAILS AND THEIR ARRANGEMENTS Elements for heat exchange or transfer and assemblies thereof tubular; plate-like; for movement; others ; ; ; auxiliary supports for elements; sealing ; Casings and header boxes Preventing deposits or corrosion , Special features of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of: constructional material; intermediate heat-exchange material ; component parts of trickle coolers MODIFYING HEAT-TRANSFER; CONTROL OF APPARATUS ; SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS <titlePart> <text>Tubular elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Assemblies of tubular elements</text> <entryReference>specially adapted for movement <sref ref="F28F0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001080000"/>, <sref ref="F28F0001100000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>polygonal, e.g. rectangular</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>crimped or corrugated in cross-section</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses</text> <entryReference>crimped or corrugated elements <sref ref="F28F0001060000"/>, <sref ref="F28F0001080000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being only outside the tubular element</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>and extending longitudinally</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001220000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the element being built-up from finned sections</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being attachable to the element</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001220000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means having portions engaging further tubular elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>and extending transversely</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being integral with the element</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001320000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the element being built-up from finned sections</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being attachable to the element</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001320000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means having portions engaging further tubular elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>and extending obliquely</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being only inside the tubular element</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being both outside and inside the tubular element</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>and being formed of wire mesh</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Plate-like or laminated elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements</text> <entryReference>specially adapted for movement <sref ref="F28F0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0003080000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being integral with the element</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>the means being attachable to the element</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangement for sealing the margins</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation</text> <entryReference>manufacture thereof <sref ref="B23P"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements specially adapted for movement</text> <entryReference>arrangements for moving the elements, <u>see</u> the appropriate subclass for the apparatus concerned</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Rotary drums or rollers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Hollow screw conveyers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements not covered by group <sref ref="F28F0001000000"/>, <sref ref="F28F0003000000"/>, or <sref ref="F28F0005000000"/></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Casings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Header boxes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Auxiliary supports for elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Auxiliary members within casings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Auxiliary supports for elements</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for tubes or tube-assemblies</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Header boxes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>End plates</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates</text> <entryReference>joining pipes to walls in general <sref ref="F16L0041000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by dismountable joints</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by screw-type connections, e.g. gland</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by flange-type connections</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by force-joining</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling</text> <entryReference>metal-working procedures in general <sref ref="B21"/>, <sref ref="B23"/>, particularly <sref ref="B21D0039060000"/>, <sref ref="B23K"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by welding</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0001380000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> <entryReference>in general <sref ref="F15D"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators</text> <entryReference>connecting different sections in water heaters <sref ref="F24H0009140000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits</text> <entryReference>stopping flow from or in pipes in general <sref ref="F16L0055100000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0011060000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0011060000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>using automatic tube-obturating appliances</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing</text> <entryReference><mref ref="F28F0001000000" endRef="F28F0011000000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by influencing fluid boundary</text> <entryReference>boundary-layer control in general <sref ref="F15D"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by varying the cross-section of the flow channels</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F28F0013080000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by surface treatment, e.g. polishing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by using means for separating solid materials from heat-exchange fluids, e.g. filters</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of rubber</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plastics material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of varnish</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of carbon, e.g. graphite</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of ceramic</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of concrete</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of natural stone</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of plastics material</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>of metal</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions</text> <entryReference>heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials <sref ref="C09K0005000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Component parts of trickle coolers</text> <entryReference>arrangements for increasing heat transfer <sref ref="F28F0013000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>controlling arrangements <sref ref="F28F0027000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid</text> <entryReference>spraying or atomising in general <sref ref="B05B"/>, <sref ref="B05D"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Distributing or accumulator troughs</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Spray nozzles or spray pipes</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface</text> <entryReference>packing elements in general <sref ref="B01J0019300000"/>, <sref ref="B01J0019320000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for feeding gas or vapour</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Ducts</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels</text> <entryReference>arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes <sref ref="F28F0009220000"/>, <sref ref="F28F0025120000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass</text> </titlePart>