Estonia

Patents Act

Passed 16 March 1994

(RT1 I 1994, 25, 406; consolidated text RT I 1998, 74, 1227),

amended by the following Acts:

10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141;

29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106;

05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336;

14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565;

21.02.2001 entered into force 21.03.2001 - RT I 2001, 27, 151;

27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764;

25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768.

Chapter I

General Provisions

§ 1. Purpose of Act

This Act regulates the relations which arise in connection with the legal protection of

patentable inventions (hereinafter patent protection) in the Republic of Estonia.

§ 2. Legal acts providing for patent protection

Patent protection is provided for by this Act, other Acts and regulations issued by the

Government of the Republic or Ministers on the basis of and for the implementation of

such Acts.

(26.06.96 entered into force 26.07.96 - RT I 1996, 49, 953)

§ 3. Equality of rights and obligations of natural and legal persons of the Republic of

Estonia and of foreign states

The rights and obligations prescribed in this Act apply equally to natural and legal

persons of the Republic of Estonia and of foreign states (hereinafter persons) unless the

legislation of the Republic of Estonia or international agreements ratified by the

Riigikogu2 provide otherwise.

§ 4. Application of international agreements

If this Act is contrary to an international agreement, the provisions of the international

agreement apply.

Chapter II

Patent Protection and Patentability

§ 5. Patent protection

(1) Inventions of any field of technology may be protected by a patent if the

invention complies with the criteria of patentability provided for in § 8 of this Act and is

considered to be unpatentable pursuant to the provisions of § 7.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(2) An invention is granted patent protection upon registration of the invention in the

register of patents. The registration of an invention in the register of patents is deemed to

be the issue of a patent.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) Medicinal products and plant protection products which contain an active

substance protected by a patent may be granted supplementary legal protection

(hereinafter supplementary protection) under the conditions and pursuant to the procedure

provided for in Chapter VIII1 of this Act.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 6. Subject of invention

(1) The subject of an invention may be a device, process, material, including

biological material, or a combination thereof.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(2) The following, inter alia, shall not be regarded as the subject of inventions:

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

1) discoveries, including descriptions of the formation or development of the human

body or sequence or partial sequence of human gene, scientific theories and mathematical

methods;

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

2) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts or doing business;

3) design documentation for and plans of constructions, buildings or areas;

4) symbols;

5) algorithms for computers and computer programs;

6) designs;

7) presentations of information;

8) plant and animal varieties;

9) layout-designs of integrated circuits.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) For the purposes of this Act, “biological material” means any material, including

micro-organisms, which contains genetic information and is capable of reproducing itself

or being reproduced in a biological system.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 7. Unpatentable inventions

(1) The following shall not be protected by a patent:

1) inventions which are contrary to public order and morality;

2) methods of treatment and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal

body;

3) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

4) (Repealed - 16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(2) The following biotechnological inventions shall not be protected by a patent:

1) processes for cloning human beings;

2) processes for modifying the germ line genetic identity of human beings;

3) uses of human embryos for commercial purposes, including processes prohibited

by the Artificial Insemination and Embryo Protection Act (RT I 1997, 51, 824; 2003, 18,

102);

4) processes for modifying the genetic identity of animals which are likely to cause

them suffering without any substantial benefit to man or animal, and animals resulting

from such processes;

5) essentially biological processes for the derivation of biological materials or the

production of plant or animal varieties, except microbiological processes for the

derivation of micro-organisms;

6) inventions the application of which is confined to a single plant or animal variety.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(3) For the purposes of this Act, “essentially biological process for the derivation of a

biological material or production of plant or animal varieties” means a process which

consists entirely of natural phenomena, including crossing and selection.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(4) For the purposes of this Act, “microbiological process” means any process

involving or performed upon or resulting in microbiological material.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 71. Classification of inventions

Inventions are classified according to the international patent classification adopted under

the Strasbourg Agreement concerning the International Patent Classification (RT II 1996,

4, 15).

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

§ 8. Criteria of patentability

(1) An invention is patentable if it is new, involves an inventive step and is

susceptible to industrial application.

(2) An invention shall be considered to be new if it does not form part of the state of

the art. The state of the art shall be held to comprise everything made available to the

public by means of written or oral description, by use, or in any other way, in any part of

the world before the filing date of the patent application or before the date of priority if

priority is claimed. In determining novelty, the content of patent applications and the

content of registration applications of utility models which were filed with the Patent

Office earlier pursuant to the Utility Models Act (RT I 1994, 25, 407; 2000, 60, 388;

2001, 27, 151; 2002, 53, 336; 63, 387; 2003, 18, 106; 88, 594; 2004, 20, 141) shall also

be taken into consideration according to their filing dates or, if priority is claimed, dates

of priority provided that the patent applications are published pursuant to § 24 of this Act

and registration applications of utility models are published pursuant to § 33 of the Utility

Models Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) In determining the state of the art, any information relating to an invention is not

taken into consideration, provided that a corresponding request is submitted, if such

information is disclosed by a person who is entitled to the patent pursuant to § 12 of this

Act or another person with the knowledge of the said person within twelve months before

the filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model

containing the invention in the Republic of Estonia or abroad. The request shall be filed

together with the patent application or not later than two months before the publication of

the patent application pursuant to § 24. If another person acquired the information

unlawfully or the information was published unlawfully or without the knowledge of the

person who has the right to apply for the patent, the request may be filed in the course of

the examination of the patent application or in case the patent is contested. Evidence

supporting the request shall be appended to the request.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(4) An invention shall be considered as involving an inventive step if, having regard

to the state of the art, it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art.

(5) An invention shall be considered as susceptible to industrial application if it can

be manufactured or used in economy.

§ 9. Unity of invention

(1) Patent protection for only one invention or a group of inventions so linked as to

form a single general inventive concept can be applied for in a patent application.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) If a patent application contains several inventions, the applicant may separate the

inventions from the patent application during the processing of the patent application and

file separate patent applications pursuant to §§ 19 and 20 of this Act. The filing date of

the initial patent application shall be deemed to be the filing date of any separate patent

applications filed for separated inventions (hereinafter separated patent application) if the

invention corresponds to the subject matter of the invention as disclosed in the initial

patent application. Separated patent applications may be filed up to six months after

termination of the processing of the patent application pursuant to § 28 or completion of

the processing of the patent application pursuant to § 31.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) If patent claims contain several inventions not forming a single general inventive

concept, the applicant shall separate the inventions which violate the requirement of unity

from the patent application at the request of the Patent Office within the term set by the

Patent Office. Subsection (2) of this section applies to separated inventions.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 10. Scope of patent protection and patent claims

(1) The scope and content of patent protection shall be determined by the wording of

patent claims. The wording of patent claims shall be interpreted based on the level of

knowledge of a person skilled in the art at the time of filing the patent application. The

description, drawings and other illustrative material shall be used to interpret the wording

of patent claims.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) Patent claims shall define the subject matter of the invention, for which patent

protection is applied, in words in a clear, concise and short manner. In patent claims, the

subject matter of an invention shall be presented as a set of essential features of the

invention. Patent claims consist of one or several claims.

(3) Patent claims consist of independent and dependent claims. Patent claims shall

not contain more than one independent claim with regard to one invention, unless:

1) the invention consists of several products grouped together, or

2) the apparatus or product is used for various purposes, or

3) such alternative solutions to the technical problem exist as not to allow the

subject-matter of the invention to be covered by a single claim.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(4) Where the derogations referred to in subsection (3) of this section apply, the

requirement of unity of invention must be met.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(5) The abstract of the subject matter of an invention has no legal effect upon

disclosing the subject matter of the invention or determining the scope of patent

protection. The abstract shall merely serve for use upon disclosing technical information

concerning the invention.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 11. Priority

(1) Priority is the preferential right of the person who files the first patent application

or registration application of a utility model or the legal successor of such person to apply

for patent protection for an invention. The filing date of the first patent application or

registration application of a utility model shall be considered to be the date of priority.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) If a patent application is filed with the Patent Office within twelve months after

the filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model

and priority is claimed, priority may be established:

1) on the basis of the filing date of the first patent application or registration

application of a utility model in any State party to the Paris Convention of the Protection

of Industrial Property (RT II 1994, 4/5, 19) or member of the World Trade Organisation;

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

2) on the basis of the filing date of the first patent application or registration

application of a utility model in a state which is not a State party to the Paris Convention

for the Protection of Industrial Property or in a state which is not member of the World

Trade Organisation if such state guarantees equivalent conditions for first patent

applications and registration applications of utility models filed in the Republic of

Estonia.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(3) Priority for a patent application filed on the basis of corrections and amendments

to an earlier patent application which alter the subject matter of the invention may be

established, if priority is claimed, based on the filing date of such corrections and

amendments with the Patent Office.

(4) Priority for a patent application which is separated from an earlier patent

application pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act may be established, if priority is

claimed, on the basis of the date of priority of the earlier patent application.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(5) If priority is claimed, priority may be established for a patent application filed

with the Patent Office within twelve months by the same applicant for the same invention

on the basis of the filing date of an earlier patent application or registration application of

a utility model, provided that the earlier patent application or registration application of a

utility model has not been published and priority has not been claimed on the basis

thereof for some other patent application or registration application of a utility model. If

an earlier patent application is being processed, the earlier patent application is deemed to

be withdrawn.

(6) If priority is claimed, priority may be established on the basis of the filing dates

of several patent applications or registration applications of utility models filed earlier. In

the case of several patent applications or registration applications of utility models filed

earlier, the twelve-month term specified in subsection (2) or (5) of this section shall be

calculated as of the earliest date of priority.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(61) If priority is claimed, priority for a patent application filed with the Patent Office

after expiry of the twelve-month term specified in subsection (2) or (5) of this section

may be established on the basis of the filing date of a first patent application or

registration application of a utility model pursuant to subsection (2) or (5) of this section

if:

1) the reasons for the failure to comply with the abovementioned term are appended

to the priority claim;

2) the reasons stated pursuant to clause 1) of this subsection prove that the failure to

file the application within the term was unintentional;

3) the patent application was filed within two months from the date on which the

abovementioned term expired.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(7) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

Chapter III

Right to Apply for Patent

§ 12. Right to patent

(1) The right to apply for a patent and to become the proprietor of a patent is vested

in the author of the invention and a legal successor of the author.

(2) If an invention is created in the performance of contractual obligations or duties

of employment, the right to apply for a patent and to become the proprietor of the patent

is vested in the author or other person pursuant to the contract or employment contract,

unless otherwise prescribed by the legislation of the country of the residence or seat of

the applicant.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) Any person who pursuant to §§ 1 and 2 of this Act has the right to apply for a

patent may transfer such right to another person.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) The right to apply for a patent shall transfer to a legal successor.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) If two or more persons apply for a patent regarding the same invention

independently of each other, the right to apply for a patent is vested in the person who is

indicated as the applicant in the patent application which has been filed earlier or which

has an earlier date of priority provided that such patent application has not been

withdrawn prior to publication pursuant to this Act or the Patent Office has not rejected

the patent application or deemed the patent application to be withdrawn.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 13. Author of invention

(1) The author of an invention (hereinafter author) is a natural person who has

created an invention as a result of his or her inventing activities.

(2) If an invention is created as a result of the joint inventing activities of several

natural persons, such persons are joint authors.

(3) In the case of joint authorship, all rights arising from the authorship are exercised

by the authors jointly, including the right to apply for a patent and to become the

proprietor of the patent, unless they have entered into a written agreement which

prescribes otherwise.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(6) Authorship is inalienable and unspecified in term.

(7) An author has the right to a pseudonym and he or she may:

1) request the disclosure of his or her name as the author;

2) prohibit the disclosure of his or her name as the author;

3) revoke at any time the prohibition to disclose his or her name.

(8) An author has the right to receive fair proceeds from the profit received from the

invention.

(9) The proprietary rights of an author are transferable and inheritable.

§ 131. Representation in performance of procedures related to patent protection

(1) Procedures related to patent protection shall be performed in the Patent Office

and in the Industrial Property Board of Appeal (hereinafter Board of Appeal) by

interested persons or patent agents who are expressly authorised by the interested persons

and who have been awarded patent agent qualifications for operation in the area of

inventions pursuant to the Patent Agents Act (RT I 2001, 27, 151; 93, 565; 2002, 53, 336;

2003, 88, 594). An interested person or patent agent may involve, at own expense, an

interpreter or adviser without the right of representation in oral proceedings in the Patent

Office or in the Board of Appeal.

(2) A person whose residence or seat is not located in the Republic of Estonia shall

authorise a patent agent as the person’s representative for the performance of procedures

related to patent protection in the Patent Office and in the Board of Appeal, except filing

of a patent application, filing of a request for acceptance of an international application

for national processing specified in subsection 33 (1) of this Act and payment of all the

state fees specified in this Act.

(3) If procedures related to patent protection are performed in the Patent Office or in

the Board of Appeal by several persons together, they may authorise a patent agent as

their representative or choose a representative from among themselves (hereinafter joint

representative) whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia. A joint

representative has the right to perform all procedures related to the processing of a patent

application in the name of the applicants, except transfer of the patent application.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

Chapter IV

Patent Rights

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 14. Proprietor of patent

(1) The proprietor of a patent is the person in respect of whom the last entry as the

proprietor of the patent has been made in the register of patents.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) The proprietor of a patent has exclusive right to the invention protected by the

patent. Only the proprietor of a patent has the right to exercise rights arising from the

patent and to prohibit other persons from exercising those rights.

(21) The proprietor of a patent may transfer or surrender the rights of the proprietor of

the patent in full or in part to another person or to pledge the patent pursuant to the

procedure provided by this Act. Patent rights may be transferred to a legal successor of

the proprietor of the patent, provided that the registration in the register of patents is

valid.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) The exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent may only be restricted by this Act

or the rights of other persons.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 15. Exclusive right of proprietor of patent

(1) The exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent means that during the period of

validity of the patent and without the permission of the proprietor of the patent no person

shall:

1) (Repealed - 27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

2) manufacture, use, distribute, sell or offer for sale products protected by the patent

or acquire (incl. by way of importation) such products for the aforementioned purposes;

3) manufacture, sell or offer for sale components which form a significant part of the

product protected by the patent or acquire and export such components for the

manufacture or preparation of the product, except if the components are other

independent products;

4) use or offer for use to third persons the patented process;

5) use, distribute, sell or offer for sale a product manufactured according to the

patented process or to acquire (including by way of importation) such products for the

aforementioned purposes.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(2) In the case of products manufactured according to a patented process, the

manufacture, use, distribution, sale, offering for sale or acquisition (including by way of

importation) for the aforementioned purposes of a similar product without the

authorisation of the proprietor of the patent is considered an infringement of the exclusive

right of the proprietor of the patent unless it is proved that the similar product is

manufactured according to a different process.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

§ 151. Extension of exclusive right of proprietor of patent

(1) In the case of a patented biological material, the exclusive right of the proprietor

of the patent shall extend to any biological material derived from that biological material

through propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing the

same characteristics.

(2) In the case of a biological material produced according to a patented process, the

exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent shall extend to any biological material

derived from the biological material obtained through the patented process through

propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing the same

characteristics.

(3) In the case of an invention containing genetic information, the exclusive right of

the proprietor of the patent shall extend to all biological material in which the invention is

incorporated and which performs its function according to the said genetic information,

except the human body and parts thereof.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 16. Acts which do not constitute infringement of exclusive right of proprietor of patent

The following acts do not constitute infringement of the exclusive right of the proprietor

of a patent:

1) the use of the patented invention on board of ships of other states (within the hull,

machinery, rigging, radio-navigation equipment or other equipment) if such ships are

temporarily or accidentally in the waters of the Republic of Estonia and the invention is

used solely for the purposes of the ship;

2) the use of the patented invention within the construction or auxiliary equipment

of aircraft or land vehicles of other countries, or in the operation of the vehicles or

equipment if such vehicles are temporarily or accidentally in the Republic of Estonia;

3) the use of the patented invention in testing related to the invention itself;

4) the single preparation of a medicinal product containing the patented invention on

the basis of a prescription in a pharmacy and the use of such medicinal product;

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

5) the private non-commercial use of the patented invention if such use does not

harm the interests of the proprietor of the patent;

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

6) the use, distribution, sale or offer for sale in the Republic of Estonia of the

patented invention by the proprietor of the patent or with the proprietor’s consent;

7) the propagation or multiplication of biological material placed on the market by

the proprietor of the patent or with the proprietor’s consent, where the multiplication or

propagation necessarily results from the application for which the biological material was

marketed, provided that the biological material obtained is not subsequently used for

other propagation or multiplication.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 17. Right of prior use

(1) A person who, prior to the filing of a patent application for an invention by

another person, has, in good faith and independently of the applicant, used the same

invention for industrial application in the Republic of Estonia, may continue to use the

invention retaining the same general nature of application. Use is in good faith unless the

user knew or should have known that the filing of a patent application for the invention

was intended.

(2) The right of prior use also belongs to a person who has, in good faith, made

serious preparations for the industrial application of an invention in the Republic in

Estonia.

(3) The right of prior use can only be transferred to another person together with the

enterprise with regard to which the right of prior use is established or in which it was

intended to be used.

§ 171. Exhaustion of rights

The proprietor of a patent has no right to prohibit acquisition (including import), use,

distribution, sale or offer for sale of a product containing the patented invention when the

product has been put on the market in the territory of the Republic of Estonia or a State

party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area by the proprietor of the patent or

with the proprietor’s consent.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 18. Provisional protection

(1) An invention shall be granted provisional protection as of the filing date of a

patent application until the publication date of the notice of issue of the patent.

(2) Other persons who commence or continue use of an invention after the

publication of a patent application prescribed in § 24 of this Act are deemed, after the

publication date of the notice of issue of the patent, to infringe the exclusive right of the

proprietor of the patent unless such persons have right of prior use pursuant to § 17 of

this Act.

(3) Other persons who commence use of an invention during the period between the

filing date of the patent application and the publication date of the patent application are

not deemed to infringe the exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent unless the person

knew or should have known that a patent application is filed with regard to the invention

or the applicant notified the person in writing of the filing of the patent application before

the publication of the patent application by the Patent Office. Other persons whom an

applicant notifies of the filing of the patent application are deemed, after the publication

date of the notice of issue of the patent, to infringe the exclusive right of the proprietor of

the patent as of the date of receipt of the notice concerning the filing of patent application

unless such persons have the right of prior use pursuant to § 17 of this Act.

(4) The scope of provisional protection shall be determined by the terms of patent

claims included in a published patent application. After the issue of a patent, the scope of

provisional protection shall be specified according to the patent claims of the patent

issued.

Chapter V

Patent Application and Processing Thereof

§ 19. Patent application

(1) A patent application shall include the following documents:

1) a request for the grant of a patent which contains a request to be granted the

patent, information concerning the applicant and author and the name of the invention;

2) a description of the invention in which the invention must be disclosed in a

sufficiently clear and concise manner which enables a person skilled in the art to make

the invention;

3) patent claims consisting of one or several claims;

4) drawings or other illustrative material (hereinafter drawings) referred to in the

description of the invention or patent claims;

5) an abstract of the subject matter of the invention.

(2) The following documents shall be annexed to a patent application:

1) an authorisation document if the patent application is filed via a patent agent;

2) documents certifying the priority claim, unless a specification specified in § 201

of this Act applies;

3) a document certifying the deposit of a biological material, including micro-

organism strain, if the subject of the invention is a biological material or the invention

requires the use of a biological material and if the said biological material is not available

to the public and it cannot be described in the description of the invention in a manner

which would enable a person skilled in the art to make the invention.

(3) If the applicant is not the author, the applicant shall declare, in the request for the

grant of a patent or another document annexed to the patent application, the legal basis of

the right to apply for the patent as specified in § 12 of this Act.

(4) Detailed requirements relating to the form and contents of documents included in

patent applications (hereinafter form and contents) shall be established by the Minister of

Economic Affairs and Communications. The Minister of Economic Affairs and

Communications shall establish:

1) the structure of documents and information that each structural part must contain;

2) the data medium on which documents must be submitted;

3) national and international standards applied to documents and the format of

information contained therein.

(5) Patent applications shall be filed in Estonian. The name of the invention in the

request for the grant of a patent and the abstract of the subject matter of the invention

shall be submitted in Estonian and English.

(6) The Patent Office has the right to request the submission of the Estonian

translation of any foreign language document included in a patent application, document

annexed to a patent application or document submitted in the course of processing within

a term of two months, unless a different term is provided by this Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 20. Filing of patent applications

(1) Patent applications shall be filed with the Patent Office.

(2) A state fee for the filing of a patent application shall be paid within two months

as of the filing date of the patent application. The specified term for the payment of the

state fee shall not be extended or restored.

(3) If patent claims containing more than ten claims are filed, a supplementary state

fee shall be paid for each claim starting with the eleventh claim.

(4) The procedure for filing patent applications shall be established by the Minister

of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 201. Filing, correction or addition of priority claim

(1) Priority shall be claimed upon filing of a patent application or within sixteen

months from the date of priority.

(2) Documents certifying the priority claim shall be filed together with the patent

application or submitted to the Patent Office within sixteen months from the date of

priority.

(3) Documents certifying the priority claim need not be submitted if priority is

claimed on the basis of a first patent application or registration application of a utility

model in the Republic of Estonia.

(4) Documents certifying the priority claim need not be submitted if priority is

claimed on the basis of a first patent application or registration application of a utility

model filed abroad and published in a digital database to which the Patent Office has

unrestricted access free of charge.

(5) A list of countries to which subsection (4) of this section applies shall be

published in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(6) Translations of foreign language documents certifying the priority claim shall be

submitted at the request of the Patent Office pursuant to the provisions of subsection 23

(2) of this Act.

(7) A priority claim may be corrected or added within sixteen months from the date

of priority. Where the correction or addition would cause a change in the date of priority,

the sixteen-month period shall be calculated from the date of priority as so changed.

(8) A priority claim shall not be added or corrected if the patent application has been

published pursuant to subsection 24 (2) of this Act or technical preparations for the

publication of the patent application have been completed.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 21. Establishment and change of filing date of patent application

(1) The Patent Office shall establish as the filing date of a patent application the date

on which the Patent Office has received all of the following elements in a set of

documents:

1) a request for the grant of a patent in Estonian or another express indication to the

effect that the documents are intended to be a patent application;

2) indications allowing the identity of the applicant to be established or allowing the

applicant to be contacted by the Patent Office;

3) a document which on the face of it appears to be a description of the invention.

(2) Instead of the document referred to in clause (1) 3) of this section, the following

information concerning the first patent application or registration application of a utility

model with regard to the same invention may be submitted:

1) number;

2) filing date;

3) the state or international organisation where the first patent application or

registration application of a utility model was filed. If the first patent application or

registration application of a utility model is in a foreign language, the applicant shall

submit the Estonian translation of the description of the invention and patent claims

within the term set by the Patent Office but not later than within sixteen months from the

filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model.

(3) The Patent Office shall determine the filing date of a patent application separated

pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act as the filing date of the earlier patent

application provided that the separated patent application is filed in compliance with the

term specified in subsection 9 (2) and the set of documents received contains at least the

elements of a patent application as listed in subsection (1) of this section.

(4) Where, upon review of the documents received, the Patent Office finds that an

element of the patent application listed in subsection (1) of this section is missing from

the set of documents, the Patent Office shall notify the person who filed the patent

application accordingly and set a term for the elimination of deficiencies.

(5) The Patent Office does not have the obligation to give notice of deficiencies as

specified in subsection (4) of this section if the missing element of the patent application

is the information referred to in clause (1) 2) of this section. In such case, the applicant

must submit all the missing elements of the patent application as specified in subsection

(1) on the applicant’s own initiative within two months from the date on which the

initially submitted documents were received by the Patent Office.

(6) In the case specified in subsection (4) of this section, the Patent Office shall

establish the date on which the applicant has eliminated all the deficiencies in the initially

submitted documents as listed by the Patent Office as the filing date of the patent

application and, in the case specified in subsection (5) of this section, the Patent Office

shall establish the date on which the applicant submitted all the missing elements of the

patent application as listed in subsection (1) on the applicant’s own initiative as the filing

date of the patent application.

(7) Where the Patent Office finds that a part of the description of the invention

appears to be missing from the application, or that the description of the invention or

patent claims refer to a drawing which appears to be missing from the application

(hereinafter missing part), the Patent Office shall promptly notify the applicant thereof. If

the applicant wishes to add the missing part to the patent application, the applicant,

whether notified by the Patent Office or not, must file the missing part within two months

from the filing date of the patent application. The Patent Office shall establish the date on

which the missing part is received by the Patent Office as the new filing date of the patent

application.

(8) If, within the term specified in subsection (7) of this section, the applicant gives

notice to the Patent Office of declining to file the missing part or fails to file the missing

part, the Patent Office shall establish the filing date of the patent application pursuant to

the provisions of subsection (1) of this section.

(9) Within the two-month term specified in subsection (7) of this section, the

applicant may request that the missing part be replaced by the full text of the description

of the invention of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model

with regard to the same invention or that a drawing be replaced by a drawing of the said

first application. The request must contain the information specified in subsection (2) on

the first patent application or registration application of a utility model. If the first patent

application or registration application of a utility model is in a foreign language, the

applicant shall submit the Estonian translation of the full text of the description of the

invention or drawing to the Patent Office within sixteen months from the date of priority.

In the case of such request, the Patent Office shall establish the date of receipt of the

initially submitted documents at the Patent Office as the filing date of the patent

application.

(10) Where both the provisions of subsection (6) and subsection (7) or (9) of this

section apply to the establishment of the filing date of a patent application, the filing date

of the patent application shall be the later date as established pursuant to the said

provisions.

(11) The Patent Office shall not establish the filing date of a patent application if the

applicant fails:

1) in the case specified in subsection (4) of this section, to eliminate any deficiencies

listed in the notice of the Patent Office within the set term;

2) in the case specified in subsection (5) of this section, to file, on own initiative, all

the elements of the patent application referred to in subsection (1) of this section that are

missing within two months from the date of receipt of the initially submitted documents

at the Patent Office.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 211. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 22. Acceptance of patent applications for processing and preliminary processing of

patent applications

(1) The Patent Office shall accept a patent application for processing if the filing date

of the patent application has been established pursuant to the provisions of § 21 of this

Act.

(2) The Patent Office shall notify the applicant of the number and filing date of the

patent application accepted for processing.

(3) The Patent Office shall refuse to accept a patent application for processing if the

filing date of the patent application is not established on the bases prescribed in

subsection 21 (11) of this Act.

(4) Upon refusal to accept a patent application for processing, the applicant is

notified thereof in writing. The applicant is entitled to a refund of the state fee paid by the

applicant.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) In the course of preliminary processing, the Patent Office shall verify the

following:

1) payment of the state fees specified in subsections 20 (2) and (3) of this Act;

2) existence of the documents specified in subsections 19 (1) and (2) of this Act;

3) existence of the translation specified in subsection 21 (2) or (9) of this Act, if said

provisions apply;

4) compliance of the priority claim with the provisions of §§ 11 and 201 of this Act,

if priority is claimed;

5) information on the author and compliance with the requirement to declare the

legal basis of the right to apply for the patent referred to in subsection 19 (3) of this Act if

the applicant is not the author;

6) the right of the patent agent to operate in the area of inventions, if the patent

application is filed via a patent agent;

7) compliance of the patent application documents with the requirements relating to

form and contents provided for in subsection 19 (4) of this Act.

(6) If the state fee prescribed in subsection 20 (2) of this Act is not paid in the

prescribed amount within two months as of the filing date of the patent application, the

Patent Office shall reject the patent application. If patent claims are missing or not in

compliance with the requirements relating to form and contents or the supplementary

state fee specified in subsection 20 (3) is paid in an amount less than the prescribed

amount, the Patent Office shall set a due date for payment of the missing part of the state

fee.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(7) If, by verification specified in subsection (5) of this section, it is ascertained that a

document is missing from the patent application or deficiencies relating to the form or

content of the documents exist which hinder the commencement of examination or other

circumstances which hinder the examination exist, the Patent Office shall notify the

applicant thereof in writing and set a due date for the elimination of deficiencies or

provision of explanations.

(8) The Patent Office shall commence examination of a patent application if no

circumstances hindering the publication of the patent application or commencement of

the examination have been ascertained as a result of the verification prescribed by

subsection (5) of this section or such circumstances have been eliminated by the due date

prescribed in the case provided for in subsection (7) of this section.

(9) The Patent Office shall make a decision to reject the patent application if

circumstances hindering the publication of the patent application or commencement of

the examination have not been eliminated by the due date prescribed in the case provided

for in subsection (7) of this section. The Patent Office shall notify an applicant in writing

of a decision to reject the patent application.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 23. Examination of patent applications

(1) During an examination, the Patent Office shall verify the compliance of an

invention with the criteria of patentability provided by § 8 of this Act.

(2) The Patent Office may request from an applicant oral or written explanations and

correction or amendment of the patent claims, description of the invention, drawings and

the abstract of the subject matter of the invention or translations of foreign language

documents submitted by the applicant. The Patent Office shall set a term for the provision

of explanations or submission of corrections, amendments and translations.

(3) The Patent Office has the right to request from an applicant copies of decisions of

patent offices of other countries regarding the applicant’s analogous patent applications

and to exchange information regarding the patent application with patent offices of other

countries.

(4) If the Patent Office finds that the subject of the invention can be protected by a

patent pursuant to the provisions of §§ 6 and 7 of this Act and the subject matter of the

invention as expressed in the patent claims complies, when compared to the state of the

art, with the criteria of patentability established in § 8 of this Act and that the form and

contents of the patent application documents comply with the requirements relating to

form and contents established on the basis of subsection 19 (4) of this Act, the Patent

Office shall terminate the examination of the patent application, make a decision to issue

the patent and shall notify the applicant thereof in writing.

(5) If the Patent Office finds that the subject of the invention cannot be protected by

a patent pursuant to the provisions of §§ 6 and 7 of this Act or the subject matter of the

invention as expressed in the patent claims does not comply, when compared to the state

of the art, with the criteria of patentability established in § 8 of this Act or the applicant

fails to separate an invention which violates the requirement of unity from the patent

application by the due date set pursuant to subsection 9 (3) of this Act or that the form or

contents of the patent application documents do not comply with the requirements

relating to form and contents established on the basis of subsection 19 (2) of this Act or if

the applicant fails to make the corrections or amendments or provide the explanations or

submit the translations requested pursuant to subsection (2) or to submit the copies of

decisions requested pursuant to subsection (3) of this section, the Patent Office shall

terminate the examination of the patent application, make a decision to reject the patent

application and shall notify the applicant thereof in writing.

(6) Any observations and opinions on a patent application submitted by a third

person in the course of examination shall be communicated to the applicant who may

comment on them. Third persons shall not be involved in processing.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 24. Publication of patent applications

(1) For the purposes of this Act, “publication of a patent application” means the

publication of patent application documents specified in clauses 19 (1) 2)-5).

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) The Patent Office shall publish a patent application not earlier than eighteen

months after the filing date or, if priority is claimed, the date of priority of the patent

application.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(3) At the request of the applicant, a patent application shall be published before

expiry of the term specified in subsection (2) of this section.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(4) A patent application shall not be published if:

1) the patent application is withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn;

2) the patent application is rejected;

3) the patent application cannot be published due to formal or substantive

deficiencies in the patent application documents.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 16.06.98 entered into

force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(5) The applicant is notified of the publication of the patent application in writing.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(6) Notices of the publication of patent applications are published in the official

gazette of the Patent Office.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(7) The publication date of the notice specified in subsection (6) of this section is

deemed to be the publication date of the patent application.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(8) The procedure for the publication of patent applications shall be established by

the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications. For the publication of a patent

application, a period of technical preparations lasting up to one month may be established

and, during that period, no corrections or additions shall be made to the patent

application, the patent application shall not be withdrawn and acts related to the transfer

of rights shall be suspended.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 25. Correction and amendment of patent application

(1) An applicant may correct and amend a patent application during processing such

that no alterations are made to the subject matter of the invention which was disclosed in

the patent application on the filing date of the patent application.

(2) Corrections and amendments are deemed to alter the subject matter of an

invention if they contain essential features of the invention which were not included in

the description of the invention, drawings or other illustrative material on the filing date

of the patent application.

(3) In the case of corrections and amendments which alter the subject matter of an

invention, the Patent Office shall make a decision to reject such amendments and shall

notify the applicant thereof in writing.

(4) After the publication of a patent application made pursuant to § 24 of this Act, the

applicant shall not make such corrections or amendments which extend the scope of

patent protection.

(5) After the Patent Office has made a decision pursuant to subsection 23 (4) or (5)

of this Act, the applicant may correct and amend the patent application once within two

months as of the date of the decision and shall pay a state fee therefor. The state fee shall

not be paid if obvious spelling and calculation mistakes are corrected. The Patent Office

has the right to make a new decision on the basis of the corrections and amendments

submitted.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(6) During processing, the Patent Office may, without obtaining the approval of the

applicant, only edit the documents of a patent application. The abstract of the subject

matter of an invention may be amended without obtaining the approval of the applicant.

§ 251. Establishing and extension of time limits

(1) In the cases provided by this Act, the Patent Office may set two-month or four-

month periods as time limits. In certain special circumstances, the Patent Office may

establish a time limit of six months.

(2) In justified cases, an applicant has the right to request the extension of a term set

by the Patent Office within the time limits provided by subsection (1) of this section. The

application for an extension of the term shall be filed with the Patent Office before the

due date. The decision of the Patent Office regarding an extension of a term is final.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 26. Withdrawal of patent applications

(1) An applicant may file a request for the withdrawal of a patent application and

may withdraw a patent application which is being processed. Patent application

documents are not returned.

(2) If several persons apply for a patent, a request for the withdrawal of the patent

application shall be filed with the consent of all such persons.

(3) The Patent Office deems a patent application to be withdrawn:

1) if the applicant fails to comply, by the specified due date, with a request to

eliminate deficiencies or provide explanations submitted by the Patent Office in the

course of preliminary processing pursuant to subsection 22 (7) or fails to submit a request

for the resumption of processing of the patent application pursuant to subsection 27 (3) of

this Act;

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

2) if the applicant fails to comply, by the specified due date, with a request to

provide explanations or submit any corrections, additions or translations made by the

Patent Office in the course of examination pursuant to subsection 23 (2) or fails to submit

a request for the resumption of processing of the patent application pursuant to subsection

27 (3) of this Act;

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

3) if the applicant fails to pay the state fee on time;

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

4) in the case specified in subsection 11 (5) of this Act.

§ 27. Suspension and resumption of processing of patent application

(1) Where an applicant fails to comply with a time limit fixed by the Patent Office,

pursuant to this Act, for the performance of an act, the Patent Office shall suspend the

processing of the patent application and notify the applicant thereof in writing.

(2) If an action is filed on the basis of subsection 48 (1) or 49 (1) of this Act,

processing of the patent application shall be suspended until entry into force of a court

judgment.

(3) The processing of a patent application suspended pursuant to subsection (1) of

this section shall be resumed if the applicant files a request for the resumption of

processing of the patent application, proves that the time limit was ignored

unintentionally, performs the prescribed act and pays the state fee within two months

from the date on which notice was given of the suspension of processing of the patent

application or, if notice of suspension was not received, within six months from the due

date for the act which was not performed.

(4) Suspension of the processing of a patent application does not grant the right to

postpone or restore terms for the payment of the state fee for a year of validity if the state

fee was not paid by the due date.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 28. Termination of processing of patent application

(1) The Patent Office shall terminate the processing of a patent application which is

withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn.

(2) The applicant shall be notified of the termination of the processing of a patent

application in writing.

§ 29. Resumption of processing of patent application

(1) An applicant may request resumption of the processing of a patent application if

the Patent Office has terminated the processing of the patent application by having

deemed the patent application to be withdrawn pursuant to clause 26 (3) 1), 2) or 3) of

this Act, provided that the failure to perform the acts specified in such provisions

occurred due to force majeure or some other impediment independent of the applicant or

the patent agent representing the applicant.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(2) The Patent Office shall resume the processing of a patent application if the

applicant files a request for the resumption of processing, proves the existence of an

impediment and performs the prescribed acts within two months after the impediment

ceases to exist, and pays a state fee.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) A request for resumption of the processing of a patent application may be filed

within one year after the due date for the act which was not performed.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(4) The provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) of this section do not apply to the

terms specified in subsections 9 (2), 20 (2), 21 (2), (7) and (9), 33 (3), 35 (4) and § 42 of

this Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 291. Applicant’s right to submit objections

If the Patent Office finds that facts which have become evident in the course of

preliminary processing or examination of a patent application will, pursuant to the

provisions of this Act, result in the rejection of the patent application, the Patent Office

must, before making a decision to reject the patent application, notify the applicant of the

intended decision and facts leading thereto and give the applicant at least one opportunity

to submit oral or written objections.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 30. Filing appeals against decisions of Patent Office

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(1) An applicant may file an appeal against a decision of the Patent Office with the

Board of Appeal or an administrative court.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) An applicant may file an appeal with the Board of Appeal within two months as

of the date on which the decision is made, and shall pay a state fee.

(3) The Board of Appeal has the right, by a decision, to:

1) dismiss an appeal, or

2) require the Patent Office to annul its decision and to continue the proceedings

taking into account the circumstances set forth in the decision of the Board of Appeal.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) The state fee is refunded upon grant of appeal.

(5) If an appeal is partially granted, the Board of Appeal shall determine the amount

of state fee refunded.

§ 31. Completion of processing of patent application

The processing of a patent application is completed by the issue of a patent or by the

rejection of the patent application.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

Chapter VI

International application

§ 32. Definition of international application

(1) For the purposes of this Act, “international application” is an international

application filed on the basis of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (RT II 1994, 6/7, 21)

entered into on 19 June 1970 in Washington (hereinafter Patent Cooperation Treaty).

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) Pursuant to the definition of Article 2 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Patent

Office is the receiving office, the designated office and the elected office.

(3) The Patent Office is the receiving office for international applications of Estonian

citizens or of persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia.

(4) An international application shall be prepared pursuant to the Patent Cooperation

Treaty and the implementing regulations and administrative instructions thereof, and filed

with the Patent Office, which is the receiving office, in English or German; a state fee

and fees prescribed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty shall be paid.

(5) The Patent Office is the designated or elected office for such international

applications in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated or elected

state.

(6) International applications in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the

designated state are deemed equal to patent applications filed pursuant to §§ 19 and 20 of

this Act.

(7) An international application in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the

designated state is deemed to be filed with the Patent Office on the international filing

date which is determined by the receiving office, as specified in the Patent Cooperation

Treaty.

(71) An invention described in a published international application in which the

Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated state shall be granted provisional

protection pursuant to § 18 of this Act as of the date on which the Patent Office publishes

the Estonian translation of the international application filed in accordance with

subsection 33 (1) of this section or, if the applicant makes a request for provisional

protection to take effect earlier, the date on which the applicant forwards the Estonian

translation of the patent claims of the published international application to a person who

uses the invention in the Republic of Estonia or the date on which the Patent Office

publishes the said translation, if the translation has been forwarded to the Patent Office

and the state fee payable for the publication of the translation has been paid.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(8) The Patent Office shall examine such international registration applications in

which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated state.

(9) The procedure for the payment of fees prescribed by the Patent Cooperation

Treaty shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into

force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(10) The procedure for filing international applications with the Patent Office shall be

established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into

force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 33. Specifications of processing of international applications

(1) For an international application to be accepted for national processing, an

applicant shall file a corresponding request together with the Estonian translation of the

international application with the Patent Office and pay a state fee not later than within

thirty-one months as of the date of priority. In the case provided for in subsection 42 (9)

of this Act, the applicant must pay the state fees for the first, second and third years of

validity within two months as of the filing date of the said request.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(2) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) In justified cases, an applicant may be granted an additional period for filing the

translation of an international application specified in subsection (1) of this section, but

for not more than until the end of the thirty third month as of the date of priority, and in

case of several priorities, until the end of the thirty third month as of the date of the

earliest date of priority. An additional period is not granted if more than two months

remain until the end of the thirty-one months' period specified in subsection (1) of this

section. In case of submission of a translation or in case of expiry of the thirty three

months' period specified in this section, a supplementary state fee shall be paid.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(31) An international application being processed nationally shall be published at the

earliest opportunity but not before the application is published pursuant to Article 21 of

the Patent Cooperation Treaty, except in case twenty months have passed as of the date of

priority.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(32) The procedure for filing international applications to be accepted for national

processing and for publication of international applications shall be established by the

Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(5) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(6) An international application shall lose the effect specified in subsections 32 (6)

and (7) of this Act if:

1) the provisions of Article 24 (1) (i) and (ii) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty apply;

2) the applicant fails to comply with the requirements provided for in subsection (1)

or (3) of this section;

3) the applicant fails to comply with the requirements for the authorisation of a

representative specified in § 131 of this Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(61) An international patent application is rejected, if:

1) the applicant has failed to observe the term specified in subsection (1) of this

section or to pay a state fee in the prescribed amount;.

2) the applicant has failed to pay a state fee in the prescribed amount by the end of

the additional period specified in subsection (3) of this section; or

3) the applicant has failed to comply with the requirements for the procedure

established on the basis of subsection (32) of this section.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(7) The Patent Office has no right to request that an applicant file examination results

of patent offices of the states designated in an international application if the applicant

has chosen the Republic of Estonia to be the state which uses the results of the

international preliminary examination.

(8) If international preliminary examination or international search is not performed

with respect to a part of an international application on the grounds that the application is

not in compliance with the requirement of unity of invention and the applicant has not

paid the fee prescribed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty for additional international

search or international preliminary examination, the Patent Office shall verify the

correctness of the decision of the International Searching Authority or the International

Preliminary Examining Authority not to perform international search or preliminary

examination with respect to the part of the patent application. If the decision is correct,

such parts of the international application which are not in compliance with the

requirement of unity of invention are deemed to be withdrawn. Otherwise, the Patent

Office shall continue the processing of the international application in full. The Patent

Office shall notify the applicant of its decision in writing.

(9) The Patent Office shall apply the provisions of subsection 9 (2) of this Act to

such parts of an international application which violate the unity of the invention if the

applicant files a corresponding request within two months as of the date of the decision of

the Patent Office specified in subsection (8) of this section.

(10) If the receiving office refuses to accept an international filing date or reports that

an international application is deemed to be withdrawn, or if the International Bureau of

the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter International Bureau) has made

a decision pursuant to Article 12 (3) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, or if the receiving

office reports that the designation of the Republic of Estonia is deemed to be withdrawn,

the applicant may, within two months after receipt of the corresponding report or

decision, request the review of the international application in the Republic of Estonia

and request that the International Bureau send a copy of the international application to

the Patent Office. The applicant shall file a translation of the international application

with the Patent Office and, in the cases prescribed, information concerning the patent

agent, and pay a state fee during the term determined by the Patent Office. The Patent

Office shall verify the correctness of the decision of the receiving office or the

International Bureau and notify the applicant of the results. If the decision of the

receiving office or the International Bureau is incorrect, the application shall be reviewed

as an international application.

(11) If the processing of an international application is terminated on the grounds that

an applicant has failed to perform an act prescribed by the receiving office, the

International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority or

the International Bureau or an act provided for in subsection (1) of this section on time

due to force majeure or some other impediment independent of the applicant, the Patent

Office shall resume the processing of the international application in the Republic of

Estonia, provided that the applicant adheres to the provisions of subsections 29 (2) and

(3) of this Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 331. Files of international (patent) applications and processing of international

applications, access to and release of information therefrom

(1) The files of international applications and processing of international applications

form a structured body of data concerning international application documents filed with

the Patent Office as the receiving office pursuant to Article 2 of the Patent Cooperation

Treaty and information on the processing thereof. Information on an international

application and on the processing thereof is stored in the files until the processing file is

closed.

(2) Access to the files of international applications and processing of international

applications and release of information from the files prior to the publication of the

international application pursuant to Article 21 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty is

prohibited.

(3) After an international application is published pursuant to Article 21 of the Patent

Cooperation Treaty, all persons may have access to the international application file.

(4) A fee is charged for the release of information from the files of international

applications and processing of international applications with the exception of the release

of information to state agencies with supervisory authority or to a court. A state fee is

charged for the release of information.

(5) The files of international applications and processing of international applications

shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into

force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

Chapter VII

Register of patents

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 34. Register of patents

(1) The register of patents (hereinafter register) is maintained on the basis of this Act

and the Principles of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act (RT I 2003, 18, 98; 82,

555; 2004, 20, 141), and pursuant to the procedure provided for in the specified Acts.

(2) Notices concerning register entries are published in the official gazette of the

Patent Office in cases provided for in the Acts specified in subsection (1) of this section.

The Patent Office may, in the public interest and pursuant to the procedure established in

the statutes of the official gazette of the Patent Office, publish notices concerning other

register entries and other information in the official gazette of the Patent Office the

publication of which is not prohibited or restricted on the basis of the specified Acts or

international agreements.

(3) The statutes of the official gazette of the Patent Office shall be approved by the

Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications. The title of the official gazette of the

Patent Office is «Eesti Patendileht».

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 35. Registration of invention in register

(1) If a patent application is accepted for processing, the filing date and the number

of the patent application and the receipt in the Patent Office of the documents submitted

on the basis of § 19 of this Act and other documents submitted on the applicant's own

initiative, and information contained in such documents pursuant to § 25 of the Principles

of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act, shall be entered in the register.

(2) In the course of processing a patent application, information and notices

concerning the procedural acts performed pursuant to this Act, documents received and

issued, terms provided for in this Act and terms determined by the Patent Office shall be

entered in the register.

(3) Upon grant of patent protection for an invention, registration entry shall be made

in the register.

(4) Registration entry shall be made pursuant to subsection 23 (4) of this Act on the

basis of a decision to issue the patent, decision of the Board of Appeal or court judgment,

if the applicant pays the state fee within three months as of the date on which the

corresponding decision or judgment was made. If the state fee is not paid in the

prescribed amount within the specified term, the patent application is deemed to be

withdrawn.

(5) Registration data are:

1) the registration number;

2) the registration date;

3) the name of the invention;

4) the index of the international patent classification;

5) the given name, surname and address of the author of the invention;

6) the given name, surname and the address and country code of the residence or

seat of the enterprise of the proprietor of the patent, in the case of a legal person, the

name, address of the seat and the country code;

7) the date of beginning of the period of validity of the patent;

8) the date of expiry of the patent;

9) in the case of a patent agent, the given name and surname of the patent agent;

10) in the case of a joint representative, the given name and surname of the joint

representative, in the case of a joint representative who is a legal person, the name of the

legal person;

11) the patent application number;

12) the filing date of the patent application;

13) priority data (date of priority, country, application number);

14) the number and filing date of an earlier patent application from which the patent

application is separated;

15) number and filing date of an earlier, continued patent application;

16) the filing date of corrections and amendments to an earlier patent application

which alter the subject matter of the invention;

17) international application or European patent application data;

18) publication date of the patent application;

19) the date of disclosure of information specified in subsection 8 (3) of this Act;

20) data concerning the deposit of the biotechnological material, including micro-

organism strain;

21) data concerning payment of the state fee paid in respect of the year of continued

validity of the patent application;

22) patent claims;

23) the description of the invention;

24) drawings or other illustrative material;

25) data concerning the supplementary protection of the medicinal product;

26) data concerning the supplementary protection of the plant protection product.

(6) The applicant specified in subsection (4) of this section is entered in the register

as the proprietor of the patent.

(7) Registrations are numbered in the order in which the inventions are registered

starting from number 02932 as a continuation of the registry numeration which was

discontinued in 1940.

(8) Upon registration of an invention in the register, the Patent Office publishes a

notice of issue of the patent and the patent specifications in its official gazette. The

publication date of the notice of the issue of a patent shall be entered in the register.

(9) A registration shall enter into force on the publication date of a notice of the issue

of a patent in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 351. Access to and release of data from register

(1) The register is public. Everyone has the right to examine the registry file

concerning of a patent application published pursuant to § 24 of this Act and data entered

in the database record, taking account of the restrictions provided for in the mentioned

section and the author's right to prohibit the disclosure of the author's name.

(2) No information is released from the register concerning business secrets defined

as confidential or information on know-how.

(3) In order to have access to a registry file or to be issued copies or printouts from

the register, a written request together with information concerning payment of the state

fee for each file, copy or printout of a document shall be submitted. Applicants,

proprietors of patents and authors have access to the registry files concerning their

inventions free of charge.

(4) At the written request of the applicant or proprietor of a patent and in case of

payment of the state fee, the Patent Office issues a document certifying priority of the

invention consisting of a copy of the patent application and the official confirmation by

the Patent Office. The requirements for the format and procedure for the completion of

documents certifying priority shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs

and Communications.

(5) The procedure for access to the register and release of information from the

register shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 352. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 353. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 354. Patent specification

(1) A patent specification contains the description of the invention, patent claims,

drawings or other illustrative material, an abstract of the subject matter of the invention

and the following information:

1) the name of the agency which issued the patent specification;

2) the name and number of the document;

3) the name of the invention;

4) the index of the international patent classification;

5) the given name, surname and address of the author of the invention;

6) the given name, surname and the address and country code of the residence or

seat of the enterprise of the proprietor of the patent, in the case of a legal person, the

name, address of the seat and the country code;

7) in the case of a patent agent, given name, surname and address of the patent

agent;

8) in the case of a joint representative, the given name and surname of the joint

representative, in the case of a joint representative who is a legal person, the name of the

legal person;

9) the number and filing date of the patent application;

10) priority data;

11) international application or European patent application data;

12) data concerning the deposit of the biological material, including micro-organism

strain;

13) publication date of the patent application;

14) publication date of the patent specification;

15) the date of beginning of the period of validity of the patent.

(2) After the entry of registration data in the register, the Patent Office prepares the

patent specification.

(3) The patent specification shall be kept in the registry file.

(4) A patent specification shall be published on the publication date of the notice of

issue of the patent.

(5) Requirements for the format and procedure for the completion of patent

specifications shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and

Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 36. Letters patent

(1) The letters patent is a document which certifies the registration of an invention in

the register.

(2) A letters patent consists of a certificate and a patent specification.

(3) A certificate contains the following:

1) the name of the country – the Republic of Estonia;

2) the coat of arms of the country – small national coat of arms of Estonia ;

3) the number of the letters patent;

4) the text “The patent is issued on the basis of § 5 of the Patents Act which entered

into force 23 May 1994. A patent shall be valid for twenty years as of the filing date of

the patent application. A state fee shall be paid each year for the continued validity of the

patent. The letters patent certifies the registration and the exclusive right of the proprietor

of the patent to the invention.”;

5) information on issuing agency (name and location of the agency, title, name and

signature of the head of the agency, seal of the agency);

6) the date of signing the letters patent.

(4) The date on which a letters patent is signed by the head of the agency which

issues the document is deemed to be the date of issue of the letters patent. The date of

issue of a letters patent is entered in the registry database.

(5) The registration number is also the number of the letters patent. The registration

number and the number of letters patent is deemed to be the patent number.

(6) The Patent Office shall issue a letters patent to the proprietor of a patent within

one month as of the publication date of the notice of issue of the patent.

(7) Only one letters patent is issued regardless of the number of proprietors of a

patent.

(8) A duplicate of a letters patent may be issued on the basis of a request from the

proprietor of the patent. A duplicate shall be issued within one month after the date of

receipt of the request and information concerning payment of the state fee at the Patent

Office. A notice of the issue of a duplicate is published in the official gazette of the

Patent Office.

(9) The requirements for the format and procedure for the completion and issue of

letters patents shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and

Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

Chapter VII1

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

Register of European patents valid in Estonia

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 361. Register of European patents valid in Estonia

(1) The register of European patents valid in Estonia is maintained on the basis of

and pursuant to the procedure specified in this Act, the Implementation of the Convention

of the Grant of European Patents Act (RT I 2002, 38, 233; 2003, 88, 594) and the

Principles of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act.

(2) Notices concerning register entries are published in the official gazette of the

Patent Office in the cases provided for in the Acts specified in subsection (1) of this

section.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 362. Entry of European patents in register of European patents valid in Estonia

(1) An European patent in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the

designated state is entered in the register of European patents valid in Estonia upon

compliance with the conditions provided for in subsection 7 (1) of the Implementation of

the Convention of the Grant of European Patents Act and pursuant to the procedure

established on the basis of clause 20 (1) 2) of the same Act.

(2) Registrations are numbered in the order in which the European patents are

registered. The format of the registration number shall be E000000, where the part of the

number in six digits from number «1» corresponds to the consecutive number of the

registration. The provisions of the Convention of the Grant of European Patents

(hereinafter European Patent Convention) (RT II 2002, 10, 40) apply in respect of the rest

of the registration data and procedure on making registration entries.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 363. Application of provisions regulating maintenance of register of patents to register

of European patents valid in Estonia

The corresponding provisions of the register of patents apply to entries specified in

clauses 17 2)-7) of the Implementation of the Convention of the Grant of European

Patents Act. In the case of disparities of the provisions of the Implementation of the

Convention of the Grant of European Patents Act and the provisions of the European

Patent Convention, the European Patent Convention applies.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

Chapter VIII

Validity of Patents

§ 37. Term of validity of patents

(1) A patent shall be valid for twenty years as of the filing date of the patent

application.

(2) A state fee shall be paid each year for the continued validity of a patent

application and patent. The filing date of a patent application is deemed to be the date of

the beginning of the year of validity.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 38. Premature termination of validity of patent

(1) A patent becomes prematurely invalid if:

1) a state fee is not paid for the year of validity;

2) the proprietor of the patent files a request for termination of the validity of the

patent;

3) a legal person which is the proprietor of a patent is liquidated, or its activities are

terminated and the patent rights have not been transferred.

(2) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register concerning the premature

termination of the validity of a patent and shall publish a notice thereof in the official

gazette of the Patent Office.

§ 39. Amendments to patents

(1) The proprietor of a patent may restrict the scope of patent protection by amending

patent claims and correct any bibliographical data and obvious spelling and calculation

mistakes in the patent specification the during the entire period of validity of the patent.

A request for making amendments and new patent claims and, if necessary, new

description of the invention shall be filed with the Patent Office and a state fee prescribed

by subsection (41) of this section shall be paid. The Patent Office shall, on its own

initiative or upon request from the proprietor of a patent, correct its own mistakes without

charge.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) The proprietor of a patent may request the making of such amendments to the

patent which do not alter the subject matter of the invention which was disclosed in the

patent application on the filing date of the patent application.

(3) Amendments have retroactive effect.

(4) The Patent Office shall publish a notice of making amendments to a patent in the

official gazette of the Patent Office. If patent claims are amended, also the new patent

specification shall be published.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(41) In case a request is made to amend a patent, a state fee shall be paid for the

publication of a notice concerning the amendment of the patent specification if

bibliographical data and spelling and calculation mistakes are corrected, and a state fee

shall be paid for the publication of a notice concerning the amendment of patent claims

and publication of a new patent specification if the scope of patent protection is

restricted.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) During proceedings relating to the contestation of a patent in the Board of Appeal

or a court, the proprietor of the patent cannot file a request for making amendments to the

patent with the Patent Office.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(6) The proprietor of a patent may file a request with the Patent Office for the

making of amendments to correct obvious spelling mistakes and calculation errors which

restrict the scope of patent protection within two years after the publication of the notice

of issue of the patent.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(7) The extension of the scope of patent protection provided for in subsection (6) of

this section shall not restrict the rights of persons who had, prior to the publication of the

notice concerning the making of amendments, taken into consideration the initial scope

of patent protection in their economic or professional activities.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 05.06.2002 entered into

force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

Chapter VIII1

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

Supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 391. Legal acts providing supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant

protection products

Supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products

(hereinafter supplementary protection) shall be established pursuant to Council

Regulation (EEC) No 1768/92 concerning the creation of a supplementary protection

certificate for medicinal products (Official Journal L 182 02/07/1992 P. 0001 - 0005 )

and Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council

concerning the creation of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection

products (Official Journal L 198 , 08/08/1996 P. 0030 - 0035 ) (hereinafter Regulations

on supplementary protection).

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 392. Filing of supplementary protection applications

(1) Supplementary protection applications are filed with the Patent Office.

(2) A state fee shall be paid for the filing of a supplementary protection application

within two months as of the filling date of the supplementary protection application. The

term for payment of the specified state fee cannot be extended or restored.

(3) The requirements for the format of supplementary protection application

documents and the procedure for the filing thereof shall be established by the Minister of

Economic Affairs and Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 393. Processing of supplementary protection applications

(1) The Patent Office shall check the compliance of a supplementary protection

application with the provisions of a corresponding Regulation on supplementary

protection, the requirements for the format of supplementary protection application

documents established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and the

terms for the payment of the state fee.

(2) The Patent Office does not verify whether the medicinal product or plant

protection product is registered for the first time or whether the same medicinal product

or plant protection product has been granted supplementary protection before.

(3) If there are deficiencies in a supplementary protection application, the Patent

Office shall set a term of two to four months, or in exceptional cases up to six months, for

elimination of deficiencies or provision of explanations. The provisions of § 27 of this

Act apply to suspension and resumption of the processing of supplementary protection

applications.

(4) If a supplementary protection application is in compliance with the requirements,

the Patent Office shall make a decision to grant supplementary protection and shall notify

the applicant for supplementary protection thereof in writing.

(5) If a supplementary protection application is not in compliance with the

requirements, or the state fee has not been paid on time in the prescribed amount, or the

deficiencies in the documents have not been eliminated or explanations have not been

provided pursuant to subsection (3) of this section within the specified term, the Patent

Office shall, pursuant to the provisions of § 29¹ of this Act, make a decision to reject the

supplementary protection application and shall notify the applicant for supplementary

application thereof in writing. The provisions of § 30 apply upon appeal against the

decisions of the patent Office.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 394. Publication of notices concerning supplementary protection

The Patent Office shall publish notices prescribed by a corresponding Regulation on

supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 395. Registration of supplementary protection in register

(1) Supplementary protection is registered, depending on the basic patent, by

entering data prescribed by a corresponding Regulation on supplementary protection

either in the register of patents specified in Chapter VII of this Act or in the register of

European patents valid in Estonia specified in Chapter VII ¹ of this Act.

(2) If supplementary protection is granted, entries of registration data shall be made

in a corresponding register specified in subsection (1) of this section.

(3) Entries of registration data are made on the basis of the decision of the Patent

Office specified in subsection 39 3 (4) of this Act, decision of the Board of Appeal or

court judgment.

(4) Registration data are:

1) the registration number;

2) the registration date;

3) information concerning the supplementary protection certificate specified in a

corresponding Regulation on supplementary protection.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 396. Entry into force and extension of term of supplementary protection

In order for supplementary protection to enter into force or to extend the term of

supplementary protection, a state fee shall be paid pursuant to subsections 42 (6)-(8) of

this Act.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 397. Issue of supplementary protection certificates

(1) The Patent Office shall issue a supplementary protection certificate to the

applicant for supplementary protection for a medicinal product or plant protection

product concurrently with the publication of a notice on the grant of supplementary

protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(2) The requirements for the format of and procedure for issue of supplementary

protection certificates shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and

Communications.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 398. Term of supplementary protection

(1) The term of supplementary protection shall be up to five years as of the date of

expiry of the basic patent. The date of expiry of supplementary protection shall not be

later than the date on which fifteen years pass from the date of issue of the basic patent or

on which the validity of the document specified in clause 395 (3) 2) commences, and in

such case the later date shall apply.

(2) For the continued validity of supplementary protection, a state fee shall be paid

for each year of validity.

(3) Supplementary protection terminates prematurely if:

1) the person who applied for supplementary protection files a request for the

termination of supplementary protection;

2) a state fee is not paid for the year of validity of supplementary protection;

3) evidence concerning revocation of the registration of the medicinal product or

plant protection product is submitted to the Patent Office.

(4) The Patent Office shall publish a notice concerning the premature termination of

supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 399. Revocation of supplementary protection and contestation and protection of rights

(1) Supplementary protection is revoked and rights arising from supplementary

protection are contested and protected pursuant to such provisions of this Act which

concern the contestation and protection of patent rights.

(2) Supplementary protection is revoked if:

1) supplementary protection has been granted contrary to the provisions of clauses

394 (2) 1)-3) of this Act;

2) the basic patent is invalidated prematurely pursuant to the provisions of § 38 of

this Act;

3) the basic patent is revoked pursuant to the provisions of § 49 or 50 of this Act;

4) after the issue of the basic patent, the scope of patent protection has been limited

to the extent that the medicinal product or plant protection product is no longer protected

by the patent claims;

5) after the basic patent has expired, grounds for revocation exist which would have

justified the revocation of patent protection or limitation of the scope of patent protection

such that the medicinal product or plant protection product is no longer in compliance

with the terms of the patent claims.

(3) The Patent Office shall publish a notice concerning the revocation of

supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

Chapter IX

State Fees

§ 40. State Fees

In the cases prescribed by this Act, state fees are charged for the performance of acts,

issue of documents and the continued validity of patent applications and patents pursuant

to the provisions of the State Fees Act (RT I 1997, 80, 1344; 2001, 55, 331; 56, 332; 64,

367; 65, 377; 85, 512; 88, 531; 91, 543; 93, 565; 2002, 1, 1; 9, 45; 13, 78; 79; 81; 18, 97;

23, 131; 24, 135; 27, 151; 153; 30, 178; 35, 214; 44, 281; 47, 297; 51, 316; 57, 358; 58,

361; 61, 375; 62, 377; 82, 477; 90, 519; 102, 599; 105, 610; 2003, 4, 20; 13, 68; 15, 84;

85; 20, 118; 21, 128; 23, 146; 25, 153; 154; 26, 156; 160; 51, 352; 66, 449; 68, 461; 71,

471; 78, 527; 79, 530; 81, 545; 88, 589; 591; 2004, 2, 7; 6, 31; 9, 52; 53; 14, 91; 92; 18,

131; 132; 20, 141).

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

§ 41. Payment of state fees

(1) The state fee shall be paid by an applicant, proprietor of a patent or another party

who has an interest in the performance of an act, the issue of a document prescribed in

this Act or the continued validity of a patent application or a patent. If the state fee for

application for, issue or continued validity of a patent is paid by a another party, the

written consent of the applicant or the proprietor of the patent is required.

(2) The state fee is deemed to be paid upon receipt of information by the Patent

Office certifying payment of the state fee or, in the case of an appeal, upon receipt of

such information by the Board of Appeal.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) Paid state fees are not refunded, except in the cases provided for in subsections

22 (4) and 30 (4) and (5) of this Act.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 42. Payment of state fee for year of validity

(1) The state fee for year of validity shall be paid on the due date of payment or

within six months before the due date of payment. The last day of the calendar month

during which the year of validity begins is deemed to be the due date of payment.

(2) State fees for the first, second and third year of validity shall be paid at the same

time on the due date of payment for the third year of validity or within six months before

the due date of payment of the state fee for the third year of validity.

(3) The state fee for a year of validity may be paid within six months after the due

date of payment if a supplementary state fee is also paid.

(4) The Patent Office may grant an applicant or a proprietor of a patent, if the

applicant or proprietor is also the author and is making serious preparations for the

application of the invention in the Republic in Estonia, a period of grace for the payment

of the state fee for the first five years of validity. The application for a period of grace

and proof of preparations for the application of the invention shall be filed with the Patent

Office before the corresponding due date of payment passes. The decision of the Patent

Office regarding the grant of a period of grace for the payment of the state fee for a year

of validity is final.

(5) If the Patent Office refuses to satisfy an application for a period of grace and the

due date for payment has passed, the state fee for the year of validity may be paid without

an additional state fee within two months as of the date of the decision of the Patent

Office.

(6) The state fee for the first year of validity of supplementary protection shall be

paid on the due date of payment or within six months before the due date of payment.

The last day of the calendar month during which the term of validity of the basic patent

ends is deemed to be the due date of payment.

(7) The state fee for each following year of validity of supplementary protection shall

be paid on the due date of payment or within six months before the due date of payment.

The last day of the calendar month during which the year of validity of supplementary

protection begins is deemed to be the due date of payment.

(8) The state fee for a year of validity of supplementary protection may be paid

within six months after the due date of payment has passed if a supplementary state fee is

also paid.

(9) Upon filing an international application for national processing, state fees for the

first, second and third year of validity shall be paid without the supplementary state fee

specified in subsection (3) of this section if the due date for payment of the state fee has

passed by the filing date of the request for acceptance for national processing.

(10) In case a separated patent application is filed on the basis of subsections 9 (2) or

(3) of this Act, the applicant shall, within two months as of the actual filing date of the

specified application with the Patent Office, pay state fees for all preceding years of

validity, taking into account that the filing date of the initial patent application shall be

the basis for the calculation of years of validity of a separated patent application. If, in the

case of a year of validity the due date of payment for which has passed, the term of six

months for the payment of a supplementary state fee specified in subsection (3) of this

section has not yet passed, the state fee for such year of validity may be paid without an

additional state fee within two months as of the actual filing date of a separated patent

application with the Patent Office. If a state fee is not paid for the last year of validity

within the specified two months' period, the state fee may be paid until the end of the six

months' period provided for in subsection (3), if a supplementary state fee is also paid.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

Chapter X

Transfer of Patent Rights

§ 43. Transfer of right to apply for patent

(1) The transfer of the right to apply for a patent from the author to another person

shall be performed on the basis of a separate written agreement or on the basis of a

contract or employment contract pursuant to subsection 12 (2) of this Act. The specified

agreement or contract shall contain provisions which ensure, pursuant to subsection 13

(8), the right of the author to receive fair proceeds from the profit received from the

invention during the entire period of validity of the patent.

(2) Upon transfer of the right to apply for a patent on the basis of law, the law of the

home country of the applicant applies.

(3) The legal basis of the transfer of the right to apply for a patent pursuant to

subsections (1) or (2) of this section and information concerning the author shall be

indicated in the patent application. In cases of reasonable doubt, the Patent Office and

courts have the right to require the submission of documents certifying the right to apply

for a patent and the authorship of the invention.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 44. Transfer of patent application

(1) An applicant may transfer a patent application which is being processed by the

Patent Office to another person.

(2) In the event of the death of an applicant or dissolution of an applicant who is a

legal person, a patent application which is being processed by the Patent Office shall

transfer to a successor or a legal successor.

(3) In order to amend the data on the applicant in a patent application, the applicant

or the person to whom the patent application transfers shall file a request and information

certifying payment of the state fee with the Patent Office. If a request is filed by the

person to whom the patent application transfers, the request shall be accompanied by a

document certifying the transfer or an officially certified copy thereof.

(14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) The Patent Office shall amend the data on the applicant in the patent application.

(5) A patent application is deemed to be transferred to another person from the date

on which the data is amended.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 45. Transfer of patent

(1) The proprietor of a patent may transfer the patent to another person.

(2) In the event of the death of the proprietor of a patent or dissolution of the

proprietor if the proprietor is a legal person, the patent transfers to a successor or a legal

successor.

(3) In order to amend the data on the proprietor of a patent in a registration, the

proprietor of the patent or the person to whom the patent transfers shall file a request and

information certifying payment of the state fee with the Patent Office. If a request is filed

by the person to whom the patent transfers, the request shall be accompanied by a

document certifying the transfer or an officially certified copy thereof.

(14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(4) The request specified in subsection (3) of this section shall be filed within one

year after the date of transfer of the patent determined by the transaction or after the date

of legal succession. If a patent is transferred pursuant to a court judgment, the request

shall be filed within one month after the date on which the court judgment enters into

force.

(5) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register on amendment of the

registration data specified in clause 35 (5) 6) of this Act.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(6) An entry on amendment of the registration data shall enter into force on the

publication date of a notice of the entry to amend the data in the official gazette of the

Patent Office.

(7) A patent is deemed to be transferred to another person from the date of transfer

pursuant to a transaction or a court order, or from the date of creation of legal succession.

(8) A person to whom a patent is transferred pursuant to the provisions of this section

may commence use of the rights of the proprietor of the patent as of the date on which the

entry to amend the registration data becomes valid.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 46. Licence

(1) The proprietor of a patent (licensor) may, pursuant to a written licence agreement

(hereinafter by way of a licence), grant the use of the rights of the proprietor of the patent

listed in subsection 15 (1) of this Act to another person or persons (licensee) in part or in

full.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

(2) With the consent of a licensor, a licensee may, by way of a sublicence, transfer

the rights deriving from a licence to a third person.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

(3) The term of a licence shall not be longer than the term of patent protection, in the

case of supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products not

longer than the term of supplementary protection.

(4) Licences may be registered in the register. A written request of the licensor or the

licensee together with a copy of the licence agreement or an extract from the licence

agreement which contains information necessary for the registration shall the basis for the

making of an entry concerning a licence. A state fee shall be paid for an entry concerning

a patent. An unregistered licence has no legal effect with respect to third persons. If there

is a conflict of rights granted by different licences to several licensees, preference is

given to the licensee whose licence is registered.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) Upon the transfer of a patent to another person in the cases provided for in § 45

of this Act, the rights and obligations deriving from the licence are also transferred to the

said person.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 47. Compulsory licence

(1) A person who is interested in using a patented invention and is capable of doing

so in the Republic of Estonia, may, upon refusal of the proprietor of the patent to grant a

licence, file an action in court for acquiring a compulsory licence if:

1) the proprietor of the patent has not used the invention in the Republic of Estonia

within three years after publication of the notice concerning the issue of the patent or

within four years after filing a patent application, and in such case the term which ends

later shall apply;

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

2) the proprietor of the patent does not use the invention in the extent which would

correspond to the needs of the domestic market of the Republic of Estonia;

3) the patent hinders the use of another, technically advanced invention significant

for the economy of the Republic of Estonia;

4) national defence, environmental protection, public health and other significant

national interests of the Republic of Estonia require the use of the invention, including

the need to use the invention in connection with a natural disaster or other emergency.

5) the patent hinders the grant of plant variety rights pursuant to the Plant Variety

Rights Act (RT I 1998, 36/37, 553; 2000, 10, 56; 2001, 93, 565; 2002, 53, 336; 61, 375;

63, 387) or the use of a plant variety which is granted legal protection.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(11) A compulsory licence shall not be granted if the proprietor of a patent imports the

product protected by the patent from any state member of the World Trade Organisation

in the extent which corresponds to the needs of the domestic market of the Republic of

Estonia.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

(2) In the case provided for in clause (1) 3 of this section, the proprietor of a patent

has the right to acquire a compulsory licence for another invention, provided that the

exchange of licences is not agreed on (cross-licence).

(3) Upon the grant of a compulsory licence, a court shall determine the terms and

conditions of the compulsory licence, including the extent and duration of the use of an

invention and the amount and procedure for payment of the licence fee. The extent and

duration of the use of an invention shall be determined on the basis of the needs of the

domestic market of the Republic of Estonia.

(4) The right to use an invention on the basis of a compulsory licence may transfer to

another person only together with the enterprise in which the compulsory licence is used

or was intended to be used pursuant to the terms of the compulsory licence.

(5) The grant of a compulsory licence does not hinder the proprietor of a patent from

using the invention or granting licences to other persons.

(6) A compulsory licence is valid as of the date of making an entry in the register. A

request for the making of a register entry together with a copy of the court judgment and

information certifying payment of the state fee shall be filed with the Patent Office within

one month after entry into force of the court judgment.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(7) If circumstances change, both the licensor and the licensee may file an action in

court for amendment of the terms of a compulsory licence.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

Chapter XI

Contestation and Protection of Patent Rights

§ 48. Contestation of authorship

(1) Disputes concerning authorship are resolved in court after the publication of a

patent application pursuant to the provisions of § 24 of this Act.

(2) Any natural person who finds that he or she is the author of an invention pursuant

to the provisions of subsection 13 (1) or (2) of this Act may file an action in court against

the applicant or, after the issue of a patent, the proprietor of the patent for certification of

his or her authorship. Authorship may also be contested by the successor of such person.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(3) If authorship is certified, the person may, on the basis of § 12 of this Act, contest

the applicant or proprietor of the patent pursuant to subsection 49 (1) of this Act in the

course of the same case.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 49. Contestation of proprietor of patent and patent

(1) Any person who finds that the right to a patent belongs to the person pursuant to

§ 12 of this Act may, after the publication of a patent application pursuant to the

provisions of § 24 of this Act, file an action in court against the applicant or proprietor of

the patent for recognition of the person’s rights. If the action is satisfied in the case of a

patent application, the person has the right to continue applying for the patent in the

person’s name, revoke the patent application and file a new patent application with the

same filing date concerning the same invention or revoke the patent application. In the

case of a patent, the person has the right to register the patent, unamended or subject to

amendments, in the person’s name or revoke the patent.

(2) A request stating a choice made pursuant to subsection (1) of this section together

with a copy of the court judgment and, in the prescribed cases, information certifying

payment of the state fee shall be filed with the Patent Office within one month after entry

into force of the court judgment. Upon filing a new patent application or making

amendments to the patent, the person must file the documents of the new patent

application in accordance with the provisions of subsections 19 (1), (2) and (3) of this Act

or, in the case of amendments to the patent, the amended description of the invention and

patent claims with the Patent Office and pay the state fee within three months from the

date of the court judgment which has entered into force. Upon failure to comply with the

abovementioned requirements, the patent application or patent shall be revoked.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) Upon satisfaction of an action filed pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the

person who has used the invention or made serious preparations therefor may apply to a

court for the right to use the invention for a charge or free of charge in the person’s

economic or professional activities after the transfer of the patent, provided that the

invention shall be used for the same purposes.

(4) Any person who finds that an invention protected by a patent does not comply

with the provisions of § 8 of this Act, may file an action in court against the proprietor of

the patent for the revocation of the patent in part or in full. The proprietor of the patent

may restrict the scope of patent protection in the course of proceedings in respect of the

action if this will result in the invention complying with the provisions of § 8. A request

for the making of a register entry together with a copy of the court judgment and, in the

prescribed cases, information certifying payment of the state fee shall be filed with the

Patent Office within one month after entry into force of the court judgment. Upon making

amendments to the patent, the proprietor of the patent must file the description of the

invention and patent claims amended pursuant to the court judgment with the Patent

Office and pay the state fee for the making of amendments within three months from the

date of the court judgment which has entered into force.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) An action specified in subsection (4) of this section can be filed for the full

revocation of a patent even after the patent has expired.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(6) Revocation of a patent in part or in full shall not be a basis for the annulment of a

court judgment made concerning the infringement of the exclusive right of the proprietor

of the patent or for the cancellation of a contract, including a licence agreement, before

the court judgment on the revocation of the patent in part or in full enters into force. If the

performance of a contract is continued, one party has the right to require the other party

to change the payments or make recalculations.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 50. Contestation of patent in Board of Appeal

(1) Any person may file a revocation application with the Board of Appeal and

request the revocation of a patent within nine months after the publication date of the

notice of issue of the patent.

(2) A patent maybe contested on the basis of the following allegations:

1) the invention does not comply with the provisions of §§ 6, 7 or 8 of this Act;

2) the invention is not disclosed in the description of the invention in a sufficiently

clear and concise manner to enable a person skilled in the art to make the invention;

3) the invention protected by the patent, including an invention separated from an

initial patent application pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act, does not

correspond to the subject matter of the invention as disclosed in the initial patent

application.

(3) The Board of Appeal has the right:

1) if the revocation application is granted, to require the Patent Office to revoke the

patent provided that the facts set out in the revocation application prejudice the

maintenance of the patent,

2) to reject the revocation application if the facts set out therein do not prejudice the

maintenance of the patent unamended, or

3) if the revocation application is granted in part, to require the Patent Office to

maintain the patent as amended provided that, during the processing of the revocation

application, the proprietor of the patent files a request for the making of such

amendments to the patent which are not contrary to the provisions of this Act and which

eliminate the facts set out in the revocation application as prejudicial to the maintenance

of the patent.

(4) In the case of a decision specified in clause (3) 3) of this section, the proprietor of

the patent must file with the Patent Office the description of the invention and patent

claims amended pursuant to the decision and pay the state fee for the making of

amendments to the patent within three months from the date of the decision.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(5) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register on the basis of a decision of

the Board of Appeal and shall publish a notice concerning the revocation of a patent or

making of amendments to a patent in the official gazette of the Patent Office. If, in the

case of amendments to a patent, the proprietor of the patent fails to file the prescribed

documents or pay the state fee within the term specified in subsection (4) of this section,

the patent shall be deemed to be revoked and the invention shall be deleted from the

register.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(6) The person who filed a revocation application or the proprietor of a patent may

contest the decision of the Board of Appeal in proceedings on petition in court within

three months from the date on which the decision was made.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 51. Protection of rights of author

(1) The author of an invention may file, without a limitation period, an action in

court upon infringement of the rights provided for in subsection 13 (7) of this Act and for

the resolution of other non-proprietary disputes arising from authorship.

(2) An author may file an action in court for the resolution of a proprietary dispute

relating to the use of an invention within three years as of the date on which the author

becomes or should have become aware of the infringement of the author's right.

§ 52. Protection of rights of applicant

(1) Pursuant to § 30 of this Act, an applicant may file an appeal with the Board of

Appeal or an administrative court against a decision of the Patent Office within two

months as of the date of the decision.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

(2) Upon disagreement with a decision of the Board of Appeal, an applicant may

contest the decision by filing an appeal with an administrative court within three months

as of the date on which the decision is made public.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 10.03.2004 entered into

force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) An applicant may file an action in court upon infringement of the exclusive right

which took place during the period of provisional protection and may request prevention

of the infringement.

§ 53. Legal remedies in case of unlawful use of invention protected by patent

(1) In the case of unlawful use of an invention protected by a patent, the proprietor of

the patent may demand:

1) compensation for damage caused by unlawful use of the invention pursuant to §

1043 of the Law of Obligations Act;

2) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

3) the transfer of that which is received as a result of the unlawful use of the patent

pursuant to §§ 1037 and 1039 of the Law of Obligations Act;

4) termination of the unlawful use of the patent and refraining from further violation

pursuant to § 1055 of the Law of Obligations Act;

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) Upon use of an invention protected by a patent in good faith, a court may order

compensation not exceeding the extent of damage caused within five years before the

filing of the action.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

§ 54. Protection of rights of other persons

(1) A person who uses an invention in good faith before a patent application is filed

may file an action in court against the proprietor of the patent for certification of the

person’s right of prior use.

(2) A person who is interested in using a patented invention may file an action in

court against the proprietor of the patent for acquiring a compulsory licence in the cases

specified in subsection 47 (1) of this Act.

(3) A person who uses an invention on the basis of a licence (licensee) may file an

action in court for resolution of a dispute related to the licence.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

(4) A licensee may also file an action upon violation of the exclusive right of the

proprietor of a patent by other persons, unless otherwise provided in the licence

agreement. The licensee shall notify the proprietor of a patent of the licensee’s wish to

file an action beforehand. The obligation to notify is deemed to be performed if the notice

is sent to the proprietor of the patent by registered mail to the address indicated in the

licence agreement or to the address entered in the register of patents.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

(5) Any person may, upon doubt that the person’s activities may infringe the

exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent, file an action in court against the proprietor

of the patent to certify that the existence of the patent does not hinder the person’s

economic or professional activities.

(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)

(6) Any person against whom an action has been filed on the basis of § 53 of this Act

or misdemeanour proceedings or proceedings relating to a criminal offence have been

commenced in connection with an alleged infringement of the exclusive right of the

proprietor of a patent, has the right, pursuant to subsection 49 (4) of this Act, to file an

action in court against the proprietor of the patent for the revocation of the patent in part

or in full. During the proceedings in respect of the action for the revocation of the patent

in part or in full, proceedings in respect of the action concerning the infringement of the

exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent, misdemeanour or criminal offence shall be

suspended.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

§ 55. Procedure for hearing of disputes related to patents

(1) In the cases provided for in this Act, disputes related to patents shall be heard by

the Board of Appeal or in court.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) Actions referred to in §§ 48, 49 and 51, subsections 54 (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6) of

this Act and appeals and actions referred to in §§ 50 and 52 of this Act fall within the

competence of the court in the jurisdiction of which the Patent Office is located. Actions

referred to in § 53 and subsection 54 (4) and § 551 fall within the competence of the

county or city court in the jurisdiction of which the offence occurred. Implementation of

provisional measures referred to in Article 50 of the Agreement on Trade-Related

Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement (RT II 1999,

22, 123) falls within the competence of the county or city court in the jurisdiction of

which the offence occurred.

(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)

(3) Courts shall hear disputes related to patents pursuant to the procedure provided

for in the Code of Civil Procedure (RT I 1993, 31/32, 538; 1998, 43-45, 666; 1999, 31,

425; 2000, 51, 319; 55, 365; 2001, 21, 113; 34, 186; 53, 313; 93, 565; 2002, 29, 174; 50,

313; 53, 336; 64, 390; 92, 529; 2003, 13, 64; 67; 23, 140; 2004, 30, 208), taking into

consideration the specifications established in this Act.

(25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768)

(4) A court may refuse to hear a statement of claim if it only concerns a complaint

which is subject to resolution by the Board of Appeal pursuant to this Act and the

complaint has not been reviewed by the Board of Appeal.

(5) The Board of Appeal shall hear complaints filed with the Board of Appeal on the

basis of this Act pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Principles of Legal

Regulation of Industrial Property Act.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

§ 551. Burden of proof

(1) If an action is filed on the basis of the provisions of subsection 15 (2) of this Act,

the defendant is required to prove that the defendant used a process different from the

patented process for manufacturing a similar product.

(2) If the use of a different process cannot be proved, the product shall be deemed to

have been manufactured according to the patented process provided that, in spite of

reasonable efforts, the proprietor of the patent has not succeeded in determining the

process actually used for manufacturing the product and the use of the patented process is

likely or if the product manufactured according to the patented process is new.

(3) Evidence submitted by the defendant containing the defendant’s production or

business secrets may be disclosed only with the consent of the defendant.

(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)

§ 56. Acts of court upon filing of statement of claim

(1) In the case of an action specified in subsection 54 (4) of this Act, a copy of the

notice sent to the proprietor of a patent shall be annexed to the statement of claim. If the

copy is missing, the court shall not proceed with the statement of claim and shall

determine a term for the plaintiff for the performance of the obligation to notify.

(2) A court may order, at the request of the plaintiff, that the products or objects

protected by a patent and manufactured without the permission of the proprietor of the

patent, the use of which infringes the exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent, shall

be removed from circulation for the time of hearing the action filed for termination of an

infringement of the exclusive right. If necessary, the court may demand a security from

the plaintiff for compensating for the damage to the defendant upon dismissal of the

action.

(3) In the case specified in subsection (2) of this section, a court may, at the request

of the defendant, order that the possessor of a product or an object may continue the use

of the product or object for a fair fee payable to the proprietor of the patent during the

entire or a part of the remaining time of the term of the patent.

§ 57. Participation of Patent Office

(1) If an appeal against a decision of the Board of Appeal is filed with an

administrative court or a decision of the Board of Appeals contested in court, the Patent

Office has the right to participate in the proceedings as a third party.

(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) A court shall send a copy of the court judgment made in a dispute related to a

patent to the Patent Office for its information even if the Patent Office has not

participated in the proceedings.

§ 58. Representative in resolution of disputes related to patents in court

(1) In resolution of disputes related to patents, in addition to the persons specified in

§ 85 of the Code of Civil Procedure, patent agents may also act as representatives in

court.

(25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768; 10.03.2004 jõust.

01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(2) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

(3) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)

Chapter XII

Patenting of Inventions in Foreign States

§ 59. Procedure for patenting inventions

(1) Persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia may patent their

inventions in foreign states regardless of the patenting thereof in the Republic of Estonia.

(2) Persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia are responsible for

patenting their inventions in foreign states in accordance with the law of the foreign state

and international conventions.

§ 60. Filing of international application

International applications are filed pursuant to subsections 32 (3) and (4) of this Act.

Chapter XIII

Implementation of Act

§ 61. Entry into force of Act

(1) The Patents Act enters into force on 23 May 1994.

(2) The provisions of clause 11 (2) 1) of this Act apply after the membership of the

Republic of Estonia in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is

restored.

(3) The provisions of subsection 23 (2) and Chapter VI of this Act do not apply

earlier than three months after the accession of the Republic of Estonia to the Patent

Cooperation Treaty entered into on 19 June 1970 in Washington.

(4) Micro-organism strains are protected by patents after the accession of the

Republic of Estonia to the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the

Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure of 1977 (RT II 1996,

14/15, 49).

(5) If a patent application is filed within six months after entry into force of this Act,

all priorities shall be recognised on the basis of a first patent application or registration

application of a utility model which is filed in any State party to the Paris Convention of

the Protection of Industrial Property and which is not filed earlier than on 20 August

1990.

(6) Supplementary protection for medicinal products or plant protection products

which are registered and which contain an active substance protected by a basic patent

issued prior to 1 January 2000 may be applied for until 30 June 2000.

(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)

§ 62. Repeal of Acts

§§ 521-523 of Part V and §§ 524-530 of Part VI of the Estonian SSR Civil Code are

repealed.

1 RT = Riigi Teataja = State Gazette

2 Riigikogu = the parliament of Estonia