An Act respecting patents of invention
1 Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Patent Act.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 1.
2 Definitions
2. In this Act, except as otherwise provided,
2 “applicant” « demandeur »
“applicant” includes an inventor and the legal representatives of an applicant or inventor;
2 “Commissioner” « commissaire »
“Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Patents;
2 “country” « pays »
“country” includes a Member of the World Trade Organization, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the World Trade Organization Agreement Implementation Act;
2 “invention” « invention »
“invention” means any new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter;
2 “legal representatives” « représentants légaux »
“legal representatives” includes heirs, executors, administrators, guardians, curators, tutors, assigns and all other persons claiming through or under applicants for patents and patentees of inventions;
2 “Minister” « ministre »
“Minister” means the Minister of Industry or such other member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for the purposes of this Act;
2 “patent” « brevet »
“patent” means letters patent for an invention;
2 “patentee” « breveté » ou « titulaire d’un brevet »
“patentee” means the person for the time being entitled to the benefit of a patent;
2 “prescribed” « réglementaire »
“prescribed” means prescribed by rules or regulations of the Governor in Council and, in the case of a fee, includes a fee determined in the manner prescribed;
“prescribed fee” [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1]
2 “priority date” « date de priorité »
“priority date” means the date that, with respect to an application for a patent to which section 28 applies, is the date on which an application for a patent describing the same invention was first filed in the other country referred to in that section;
“regulation” and “rule” « règlement » et « règle »
“regulation” and “rule” include rule, regulation and form.
“work on a commercial scale” [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 189]
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 2; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1; 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1993, c. 2, s. 2, c. 44,
s. 189; 1994, c. 47, s. 141; 1995, c. 1, s. 62.
2.1 Binding on Her Majesty
2.1 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.
1993, c. 44, s. 190.
3 Patent Office
3. There shall be attached to the Department of Industry, or to such other department of the Government of Canada as may be determined by the Governor in Council, an office called the Patent Office.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 3; 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1995, c. 1, s. 63.
4(1) Commissioner of Patents
4.–
(1) The Governor in Council may appoint a Commissioner of Patents who shall, under the direction of the Minister, exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred and imposed on that officer by or pursuant to this Act.
4(2) Duties of Commissioner
(2) The Commissioner shall receive all applications, fees, papers, documents and models for patents, shall perform and do all acts and things requisite for the granting and issuing of patents of invention, shall have the charge and custody of the books, records, papers, models, machines and other things belonging to the Patent Office and shall have, for the purposes of this Act, all the powers that are or may be given by the Inquiries Act to a commissioner appointed under Part II of that Act.
4(3) Tenure of office and salary
(3) The Commissioner holds office during pleasure and shall be paid such annual salary as may be determined by the Governor in Council.
4(4) Delegation
(4) The Commissioner may, after consultation with the Minister, delegate to any person he deems qualified any of his powers, duties and functions under this Act, except the power to delegate under this subsection.
4(5) Appeal
(5) Any decision under this Act of a person authorized to make the decision pursuant to subsection (4) may be appealed in the like manner and subject to the like conditions as a decision of the Commissioner under this Act.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 4; 1984, c. 40, s. 57.
5(1) Assistant Commissioner
5.–
(1) An Assistant Commissioner of Patents may be appointed in the manner authorized by law and shall be a technical officer experienced in the administration of the Patent Office.
5(2) Absence or inability to act
(2) When the Commissioner is absent or unable to act, the Assistant Commissioner, or, if he also is at the same time absent or unable to act, another officer designated by the Minister, may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties of the Commissioner.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 5.
6 Staff
6. There may be appointed in the manner authorized by law such principal examiners, examiners, associate examiners and assistant examiners, clerks, stenographers and other assistants as are necessary for the administration of this Act.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 6.
7(1) Officers of Patent Office not to deal in patents
7.–
(1) No officer or employee of the Patent Office shall buy, sell, acquire or traffic in any invention, patent or right to a patent, or any interest therein, and every purchase, sale, assignment, acquisition or transfer of any invention, patent or right to a patent, or any interest therein, made by or to any officer or employee is void.
7(2) Restriction
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a sale by an original inventor or to an acquisition under the last will, or by the intestacy, of a deceased person.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 7.
8 Clerical errors
8. Clerical errors in any instrument of record in the Patent Office shall not be construed as invalidating the instrument, but, when discovered, they may be corrected by certificate under the authority of the Commissioner.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 8.
9 Destroyed or lost patents
9. If any patent is destroyed or lost, a certified copy may be issued in lieu thereof on payment of the prescribed fee.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 9.
10(1) Inspection by the public
10.–
(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and section 20, all applications for patents and documents filed in connection with applications for patents and all patents and documents filed in connection with patents shall be open to the inspection of the public at the Patent Office, under such conditions as may be prescribed.
10(2) Exception
(2) Except with the approval of the applicant, no application for a patent or document filed in connection with an application for a patent shall be open to the inspection of the public before the expiration of eighteen months after
10(3) Idem
(3) No application for a patent that is withdrawn before the expiration of the period referred to in subsection (2) that is applicable with respect to the application shall be open to the inspection of the public.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 10; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 2.
11 Patents issued out of Canada
11. Notwithstanding the exception in section 10, the Commissioner, on the request of any person who states in writing the name of the inventor, if available, the title of the invention and the number and date of a patent said to have been granted in a named country other than Canada, and who pays or tenders the prescribed fee, shall inform that person whether an application for a patent of the same invention is or is not pending in Canada.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 11.
RULES AND REGULATIONS
12(1) Rules and regulations
12.–
(1) The Governor in Council may make rules or regulations
12(2) Effect
(2) Any rule or regulation made by the Governor in Council has the same force and effect as if it had been enacted herein.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 12; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3.
13(1) Seal of office
13.–
(1) The Commissioner shall cause a seal to be made for the purposes of this Act and may cause to be sealed therewith every patent and other instrument and copy thereof issuing from the Patent Office.
13(2) Seal to be evidence
(2) Every court, judge and person shall take notice of the seal of the Patent Office, shall admit the impressions thereof in evidence in like manner as the impressions of the Great Seal are admitted in evidence and shall take notice of and admit in evidence, without further proof and without production of the originals, all copies or extracts certified under the seal of the Patent Office to be copies of or extracts from documents deposited in that Office.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 13.
14 Certified copies of patents as evidence
14. In any action or proceeding respecting a patent authorized to be had or taken in Canada under this Act, a copy of any patent granted in any other country, or any official document connected therewith, purporting to be certified under the hand of the proper officer of the government of the country in which the patent has been obtained, may be produced before the court or a judge thereof, and the copy of the patent or document purporting to be so certified may be admitted in evidence without production of the original and without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 14.
15 Register of patent agents
15. A register of patent agents shall be kept in the Patent Office on which shall be entered the names of all persons and firms entitled to represent applicants in the presentation and prosecution of applications for patents or in other business before the Patent Office.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 15; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 4.
16 Misconduct
16. For gross misconduct or any other cause that he may deem sufficient, the Commissioner may refuse to recognize any person as a patent agent or attorney either generally or in any particular case.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 16.
17 Practice on appeals
17. In all cases where an appeal is provided from the decision of the Commissioner to the Federal Court under this Act, the appeal shall be had and taken pursuant to the Federal Court Act and the rules and practice of that Court.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 17; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
18 Notice of appeal
18. Whenever an appeal to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner is permitted under this Act, notice of his decision shall be mailed by the Commissioner by registered letter addressed to the interested parties or their respective agents and the appeal shall be taken within three months after the date of mailing of the notice, unless otherwise extended by the Commissioner with the approval of the Minister and unless herein otherwise expressly provided.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 18; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
USE OF PATENTS BY GOVERNMENT
19(1) Government may apply to use patented invention
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(1) Subject to section 19.1, the Commissioner may, on application by the Government of Canada or the government of a province, authorize the use of a patented invention by that government.
19(2) Terms of use
(2) Subject to section 19.1, the use of the patented invention may be authorized for such purpose, for such period and on such other terms as the Commissioner considers expedient but the Commissioner shall settle those terms in accordance with the following principles:
19(3) Notice
(3) The Commissioner shall notify the patentee of any use of the patented invention that is authorized under this section.
19(4) Payment of remuneration
(4) Where the use of the patented invention is authorized, the authorized user shall pay to the patentee such amount as the Commissioner considers to be adequate remuneration in the circumstances, taking into account the economic value of the authorization.
19(5) Termination of authorization
(5) The Commissioner may, on application by the patentee and after giving all concerned parties an opportunity to be heard, terminate the authorization if the Commissioner is satisfied that the circumstances that led to the granting of the authorization have ceased to exist and are unlikely to recur, subject to such conditions as the Commissioner deems appropriate to protect the legitimate interests of the authorized user.
19(6) Authorization not transferable
(6) An authorization granted under this section is not transferable.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 19; 1993, c. 44, s. 191.
19.1(1) Conditions for authorizing use
19.1.–
(1) The Commissioner may not authorize the use of a patented invention under section 19 unless the applicant establishes that
19.1(2) Exception
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in cases of national emergency or extreme urgency or where the use for which the authorization is sought is a public non-commercial use.
19.1(3) Prescribed uses
(3) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use that is a prescribed use unless the proposed user complies with the prescribed conditions.
19.1(4) Limitation on use of semi-conductor technology
(4) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use of semi-conductor technology other than a public non-commercial use.
1993, c. 44, s. 191; 1994, c. 47, s. 142.
19.2 Appeal
19.2 Any decision made by the Commissioner under section 19 or 19.1 is subject to appeal to the Federal Court.
1993, c. 44, s. 191.
19.3(1) Regulations
19.3.–
(1) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purpose of implementing, in relation to patents, Article 1720 of the Agreement.
19.3(2) Definition of “Agreement”
(2) In subsection (1), “Agreement” has the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act.
1993, c. 44, s. 191.
20(1) Assignment to Minister of National Defence
20.–
(1) Any officer, servant or employee of the Crown or of a corporation that is an agent or servant of the Crown, who, acting within the scope of his duties and employment, invents any invention in instruments or munitions of war shall, if so required by the Minister of National Defence, assign to that Minister on behalf of Her Majesty all the benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained or to be obtained for the invention.
20(2) Idem
(2) Any person other than a person described in subsection (1) who invents an invention described in that subsection may assign to the Minister of National Defence on behalf of Her Majesty all the benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained or to be obtained for the invention.
20(3) Inventor entitled to compensation
(3) An inventor described in subsection (2) is entitled to compensation for an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act and in the event that the consideration to be paid for the assignment is not agreed on, it is the duty of the Commissioner to determine the amount of the consideration, which decision is subject to appeal to the Federal Court.
20(4) Proceedings before Federal Court
(4) Proceedings before the Federal Court under subsection (3) shall be held in camera on request made to the court by any party to the proceedings.
20(5) Vesting on assignment
(5) An assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act effectually vests the benefits of the invention and patent in the Minister of National Defence on behalf of Her Majesty, and all covenants and agreements therein contained for keeping the invention secret and otherwise are valid and effectual, notwithstanding any want of valuable consideration, and may be enforced accordingly by the Minister of National Defence.
20(6) Person making assignment and person having knowledge thereof
(6) Any person who has made an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this section, in respect of any covenants and agreements contained in such assignment for keeping the invention secret and otherwise in respect of all matters relating to that invention, and any other person who has knowledge of such assignment and of such covenants and agreements, shall be, for the purposes of the Official Secrets Act, deemed to be persons having in their possession or control information respecting those matters that has been entrusted to them in confidence by any person holding office under Her Majesty, and the communication of any of that information by the first mentioned persons to any person other than one to whom they are authorized to communicate with, by or on behalf of the Minister of National Defence, is an offence under section 4 of the Official Secrets Act.
20(7) Minister may submit application for patent
(7) Where any agreement for an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act has been made, the Minister of National Defence may submit an application for patent for the invention to the Commissioner, with the request that it be examined for patentability, and if the application is found allowable may, before the grant of any patent thereon, certify to the Commissioner that, in the public interest, the particulars of the invention and of the manner in which it is to be worked are to be kept secret.
20(8) Secret application
(8) If the Minister of National Defence so certifies, the application and specification, with the drawing, if any, and any amendment of the application, and any copies of those documents and the drawing and the patent granted thereon shall be placed in a packet sealed by the Commissioner under authority of the Minister of National Defence.
20(9) Custody of secret application
(9) The packet described in subsection (8) shall, until the expiration of the term during which a patent for the invention may be in force, be kept sealed by the Commissioner, and shall not be opened except under the authority of an order of the Minister of National Defence.
20(10) Delivery of secret application
(10) The packet described in subsection (8) shall be delivered at any time during the continuance of the patent to any person authorized by the Minister of National Defence to receive it, and shall, if returned to the Commissioner, be kept sealed by him.
20(11) Delivery to Minister
(11) On the expiration of the term of the patent, the packet described in subsection (8) shall be delivered to the Minister of National Defence.
20(12) Revocation
(12) No proceeding by petition or otherwise lies to have declared invalid or void a patent granted for an invention in relation to which a certificate has been given by the Minister of National Defence under subsection (7), except by permission of the Minister.
20(13) Prohibition of publication and inspection
(13) No copy of any specification or other document or drawing in respect of an invention and patent, by this section required to be placed in a sealed packet, shall in any manner whatever be published or open to the inspection of the public, but, except as otherwise provided in this section, this Act shall apply in respect of the invention and patent.
20(14) Waiver by Minister
(14) The Minister of National Defence may at any time waive the benefit of this section with respect to any particular invention, and the specification, documents and drawing relating thereto shall thereafter be kept and dealt with in the regular way.
20(15) Rights protected
(15) No claim shall be allowed in respect of any infringement of a patent that occurred in good faith during the time that the patent was kept secret under this section, and any person who, before the publication of the patent, had in good faith done any act that, but for this subsection would have given rise to a claim, is entitled, after the publication, to obtain a licence to manufacture, use and sell the patented invention on such terms as may, in the absence of agreement between the parties, be settled by the Commissioner or by the Federal Court on appeal from the Commissioner.
20(16) Communication to Minister
(16) The communication of any invention for any improvement in munitions of war to the Minister of National Defence, or to any person or persons authorized by the Minister of National Defence to investigate the invention or the merits thereof, shall not, nor shall anything done for the purposes of the investigation, be deemed use or publication of the invention so as to prejudice the grant or validity of any patent for the invention.
20(17) Order to keep non-assigned application secret
(17) The Governor in Council, if satisfied that an invention relating to any instrument or munition of war, described in any specified application for patent not assigned to the Minister of National Defence, is vital to the defence of Canada and that the publication of a patent therefor should be prevented in order to preserve the safety of the State, may order that the invention and application and all the documents relating thereto shall be treated for all purposes of this section as if the invention had been assigned or agreed to be assigned to the Minister of National Defence.
20(18) Rules
(18) The Governor in Council may make rules for the purpose of ensuring secrecy with respect to applications and patents to which this section applies and generally to give effect to the purpose and intent thereof.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 20; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
21 Agreement between Canada and other government
21. Where by any agreement between the Government of Canada and any other government it is provided that the Government of Canada will apply section 20 to inventions disclosed in any application for a patent assigned or agreed to be assigned by the inventor to that other government, and the Commissioner is notified by any minister of the Crown that the agreement extends to an invention in a specified application, the application and all the documents relating thereto shall be dealt with as provided in section 20, except subsections (3) and (4), as if the invention had been assigned or agreed to be assigned to the Minister of National Defence.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 21.
22 Communication to Atomic Energy Control Board
22. Any application for a patent for an invention that, in the opinion of the Commissioner, relates to the production, application or use of atomic energy shall, before it is dealt with by an examiner appointed pursuant to section 6 or is open to inspection by the public under section 10, be communicated by the Commissioner to the Atomic Energy Control Board.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 22; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 5.
23 Patented invention in vessels, aircraft, etc., of any country
R.S., c. P-4, s. 25.
26 Annual report
26. The Commissioner shall, in each year, cause to be prepared and laid before Parliament a report of the proceedings under this Act.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 26; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7.
26.1(1) Publication of list of patents
26.1.–
(1) The Commissioner shall, at least once in each year, publish a list of all patents issued in the year.
26.1(2) Publication and printing of documents
(2) The Commissioner may publish any document open to the inspection of the public under section 10 and may print or cause to be printed, for distribution or sale, any such document.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7.
27(1) Who may obtain patents
27.–
(1) Subject to this section, any inventor or legal representative of an inventor of an invention may, on presentation to the Commissioner of a petition setting out the facts (in this Act termed the filing of the application) and on compliance with all other requirements of this Act, obtain a patent granting to the applicant an exclusive property in the invention unless
27(1.1) Applicant may file second application
(1.1) Any inventor or legal representative of an inventor of an invention may, within twelve months after the filing of an application for a patent for the invention, file a second application for a patent describing the same invention.
27(1.2) Second application deemed first filed
(1.2) A second application for a patent that is filed in accordance with subsection (1.1) shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have been filed on the date the first application was filed if, on the date of filing of the second application, the first application
27(1.3) Claim of priority
(1.3) Subsection (1.2) does not apply in respect of a second application for a patent unless the applicant, within six months of the filing of that application, claims the protection afforded by that subsection and informs the Commissioner of the filing date and number of the first application.
27(1.4) First application deemed withdrawn
(1.4) Where a second application for a patent is filed in accordance with subsection (1.1), the first application shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have been withdrawn on the day immediately after the date of filing of the second application.
27(1.5) Applications filed on same date
(1.5) For the purposes of subsection (1), when an application is filed or is deemed to have been filed on the date on which another application describing the same invention is filed or deemed to have been filed, each application shall be examined and a patent shall be allowed to issue without regard to the existence of the other application.
27(1.6) Withdrawn applications
(1.6) For the purposes of subsection (1), an application that is withdrawn before it is open to the inspection of the public under section 10 shall be deemed never to have been filed.
27(2) Applications for patents out of Canada
(2) Any inventor or legal representative of an inventor who applies in Canada for a patent for an invention for which application for patent has been made in any other country by that inventor or his legal representative before the filing of the application in Canada is not entitled to obtain in Canada a patent for that invention unless his application in Canada is filed, either
27(3) What may not be patented
(3) No patent shall be granted for any mere scientific principle or abstract theorem.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 27; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 8; 1993, c. 44, s. 192.
27.1(1) Maintenance fees
27.1.–
(1) An applicant for a patent shall, to maintain the application in effect, pay to the Commissioner such fees, in respect of such periods, as may be prescribed.
27.1(2) Application deemed abandoned
(2) An application for a patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned if the fees payable by the applicant in respect of a period prescribed for the purposes of subsection (1) are not paid before the expiration of that period.
27.1(3) Reinstatement of application
(3) An application deemed to have been abandoned under this section may be reinstated on petition by the applicant presented to the Commissioner within such period as may be prescribed and on payment of a prescribed fee and an application so reinstated shall retain its original filing date and its priority date, if any.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9.
28(1) Treaty or convention rights of applicants
28.–
(1) Subject to subsection (2), an application for a patent for an invention filed in Canada by any person entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party who has, or whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, previously regularly filed an application for a patent describing the same invention in any other country that by treaty, convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada, has the same force and effect as the same application would have if filed in Canada on the date on which such an application was first filed by that person or by the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person in any other country, if the application in Canada is filed within twelve months after that date.
28(2) Claim of priority
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of an application for a patent for an invention filed in Canada unless the applicant, within six months of the filing of the application, claims the protection afforded by that subsection and informs the Commissioner, in the manner prescribed, of the country of filing, the filing date and the number of each application on which the applicant bases the claim.
28(3) Application first filed
(3) Where a person or the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person has, at the time an application for a patent is filed in Canada, previously regularly filed two applications for a patent describing the same invention in a country referred to in subsection (1), the second of those applications to be filed in that country shall, for the purposes of that subsection, be deemed to be the application that was first filed by that person or the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person in that country if, on the date of filing of the second application, the first application has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused, without having been opened to public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and has not served as a basis for claiming a right of priority in any country including Canada.
28(4) Multiple priorities
(4) Multiple priorities may be claimed in respect of one patent application notwithstanding the fact that the priorities are based on patent applications filed in different countries and may be claimed for any one claim in a patent application but, where multiple priorities are claimed, the time limit set out in subsection (1) shall run from the earliest date of priority.
28(5) Elements in prior applications
(5) If one or more priorities are claimed in respect of a patent application, the right of priority shall apply only in respect of those elements of the patent application that are described in the patent application or applications for which the priority is claimed.
28(6) Definition of “predecessor in title”
(6) For the purposes of this section, “predecessor in title” includes any person through whom an applicant for a patent in Canada claims the right to the patent.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 28; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 10.
29(1) Non-resident applicants
29.–
(1) Any applicant for patent who does not appear to reside or carry on business at a specified address in Canada shall, at the time of filing his application or within such period thereafter as the Commissioner may allow, nominate as his representative a person or firm residing or carrying on business at a specified address in Canada.
29(2) Nominee deemed representative
(2) Subject to this section, a nominee of an applicant shall be deemed to be the representative for all purposes of this Act, including the service of any proceedings taken under it, of the applicant and of any patentee of a patent issued on his application who does not appear to reside or carry on business at a specified address in Canada, and shall be recorded as such by the Commissioner.
29(3) New representative
(3) An applicant for patent or a patentee may by written advice to the Commissioner appoint another representative in place of the latest recorded representative, or may advise the Commissioner in writing of a change in the address of the latest recorded representative, and shall so appoint a new representative or supply a new and correct address of the latest recorded representative on the dispatch by the Commissioner to him of a notice in writing by registered mail that the latest recorded representative has died or that a letter addressed to him at the latest recorded address and sent by ordinary mail has been returned undelivered.
29(4) Where no new appointment is made or no new address supplied
(4) Where, after the dispatch of a notice by the Commissioner under subsection (3), no new appointment is made or no new and correct address is supplied by the applicant or patentee within three months or such further period as the Commissioner may allow, the Federal Court or the Commissioner may dispose of any proceedings under this Act without requiring service on the applicant or patentee of any process therein.
29(5) When fee payable
(5) No fee is payable on the appointment of a new representative or the supply of a new and correct address, unless that appointment or supply follows the dispatch of a notice in writing by the Commissioner under subsection (3), in which case a fee as prescribed is payable.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 31; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
30(1) When applications to be completed
30.–
(1) Each application for a patent shall be completed within twelve months after the filing of the application, and in default thereof, or on failure of the applicant to prosecute the application within six months after any examiner, appointed pursuant to section 6, has taken action thereon of which notice has been given to the applicant, the application shall be deemed to have been abandoned.
30(2) Abandoned application reinstated
(2) An abandoned application may be reinstated on petition presented to the Commissioner within twelve months after the date on which it was deemed to have been abandoned, and on payment of the prescribed fee, if the petitioner satisfies the Commissioner that the failure to complete or prosecute the application within the time specified was not reasonably avoidable.
30(3) Idem
(3) An application reinstated under subsection (2) shall retain its original filing date.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 32.
31(1) Effect of refusal of a joint inventor to proceed
31.–
(1) Where an invention is made by two or more inventors and one of them refuses to make application for a patent or his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry, the other inventors or their legal representatives may make application, and a patent may be granted in the name of the inventors who make the application, on satisfying the Commissioner that the joint inventor has refused to make application or that his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry.
31(2) Powers of Commissioner
with the application, and may grant a patent to him in such manner that all persons interested are entitled to be heard before the Commissioner after such notice as he may deem requisite and sufficient.
31(3) Procedure when one joint applicant retires
(3) Where an application is filed by joint applicants and it subsequently appears that one or more of them has had no part in the invention, the prosecution of the application may be carried on by the remaining applicant or applicants on satisfying the Commissioner by affidavit that the remaining applicant or applicants is or are the sole inventor or inventors.
31(4) Joining applicants
(4) Where an application is filed by one or more applicants and it subsequently appears that one or more further applicants should have been joined, the further applicant or applicants may be joined on satisfying the Commissioner that he or they should be so joined, and that the omission of the further applicant or applicants had been by inadvertence or mistake and was not for the purpose of delay.
31(5) To whom granted
(5) Subject to this section, in cases of joint applications, the patent shall be granted in the names of all the applicants.
31(6) Appeal
(6) An appeal lies to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner under this section.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 33; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
32 Improvements
32. Any person who has invented any improvement on any patented invention may obtain a patent for the improvement, but he does not thereby obtain the right of making, vending or using the original invention, nor does the patent for the original invention confer the right of making, vending or using the patented improvement.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 34.
33 Particulars required
33. An applicant shall, in his application for a patent, insert the title or name of the invention, and shall, with the application, send in a specification in duplicate of the invention and an additional or third copy of the claim or claims.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 35.
34(1) Specification
34.–
(1) An applicant shall in the specification of his invention
34(2) Claims to be stated distinctly
(2) The specification referred to in subsection (1) shall end with a claim or claims stating distinctly and in explicit terms the things or combinations that the applicant regards as new and in which he claims an exclusive property or privilege.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 34; 1992, c. 1, s. 113.
34.1(1) Filing
34.1.–
(1) Any person may file with the Commissioner prior art consisting of patents and printed publications that the person believes has a bearing on the patentability of any claim in an application for a patent.
34.1(2) Pertinency
(2) A person who files prior art with the Commissioner under subsection (1) shall explain the pertinency of the prior art.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 11.
35(1) Request for examination
35.–
(1) The Commissioner shall, on the request of any person made in such manner as may be prescribed and on payment of a prescribed fee, cause an application for a patent to be examined by competent examiners to be employed in the Patent Office for that purpose.
35(2) Application deemed abandoned
(2) Subject to subsection (3), an application for a patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned if a request for examination pursuant to subsection (1) is not made or the prescribed fee is not paid within such period as may be prescribed.
35(3) Idem
(3) The Commissioner may by written notice require an applicant for a patent to make a request for examination pursuant to subsection (1) or to pay the prescribed fee within such period as may be specified in the notice, not exceeding the period prescribed under subsection (2), and if the applicant fails to comply with the notice the application for the patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned.
35(4) Reinstatement of application
(4) An application deemed to have been abandoned under this section may be reinstated on petition by the applicant presented to the Commissioner within such period as may be prescribed and on payment of a prescribed fee and an application so reinstated shall retain its original filing date and priority date, if any.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 35; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 12.
36(1) Patent for one invention only
36.–
(1) A patent shall be granted for one invention only but in an action or other proceeding a patent shall not be deemed to be invalid by reason only that it has been granted for more than one invention.
36(2) Divisional applications
(2) Where an application describes and claims more than one invention, the applicant may, and on the direction of the Commissioner to that effect shall, limit his claims to one invention only, and the invention or inventions defined in the other claims may be made the subject of one or more divisional applications, if those divisional applications are filed before the issue of a patent on the original application.
36(3) Idem
(3) If the original application becomes abandoned or forfeited, the time for filing divisional applications terminates with the expiration of the time for reinstating and reviving the original application under this Act or the rules made thereunder.
36(4) Separate applications
(4) The divisional applications referred to in subsection (2) shall be deemed to be separate and distinct applications under this Act, to which the provisions thereof apply as fully as may be, and separate fees shall be paid on each of those applications and they shall bear the filing date of the original application.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 38.
37(1) Drawings
37.–
(1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of illustration by means of drawings, the applicant shall with his application send in drawings in duplicate, showing clearly all parts of the invention.
37(2) Signature of inventor, etc.
(2) Each drawing shall bear the signature of the inventor, of the applicant or of the attorney of the inventor or applicant, and shall have written references corresponding with the specification, but the Commissioner may require further drawings or dispense with any of them as he sees fit.
37(3) Duplicates
(3) One duplicate of the specification and of the drawings, if there are drawings, shall be annexed to the patent, of which it shall form an essential part, and the other duplicate shall remain deposited in the Patent Office.
37(4) Copies in place of duplicates
(4) The Commissioner may, in his discretion, dispense with the duplicate specification and drawing and the third copy of the claim or claims, and in lieu thereof cause copies of the specification and drawing, in print or otherwise, to be attached to the patent, of which they shall form an essential part.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 39.
38(1) Models and specimens
38.–
(1) In all cases in which an invention admits of representation by model, the applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall furnish a model of convenient size exhibiting its several parts in due proportion, and when an invention is a composition of matter, the applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall furnish specimens of the ingredients, and of the composition, sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment.
38(2) Dangerous substances
(2) If the ingredients or composition referred to in subsection (1) are of an explosive or dangerous character, they shall be furnished with such precautions as are specified in the requisition therefor.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 38; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 13.
39. to 39.26 [Repealed, 1993, c. 2, s. 3]
40 Refusal by Commissioner
40. Whenever the Commissioner is satisfied that an applicant is not by law entitled to be granted a patent, he shall refuse the application and, by registered letter addressed to the applicant or his registered agent, notify the applicant of the refusal and of the ground or reason therefor.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 42.
41 Appeal to Federal Court
41. Every person who has failed to obtain a patent by reason of a refusal of the Commissioner to grant it may, at any time within six months after notice as provided for in section 40 has been mailed, appeal from the decision of the Commissioner to the Federal Court and that Court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine the appeal.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 41; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
42 Contents of patent
42. Every patent granted under this Act shall contain the title or name of the invention, with a reference to
the specification, and shall, subject to this Act, grant to the patentee and the patentee’s legal representatives for the term of the patent, from the granting of the patent, the exclusive right, privilege and liberty of making, constructing and using the invention and selling it to others to be used, subject to adjudication in respect thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 42; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
43 Form of issue
43. Subject to section 46, every patent granted under this Act shall be issued under the signature of the Commissioner and the seal of the Patent Office, shall bear on its face the date of the filing of the application for the patent, the date on which the application became open to the inspection of the public under section 10 and the date on which the patent is granted and issued and it shall thereafter, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, be valid and avail the grantee and the legal representatives of the grantee for the term mentioned in section 44 or 45, whichever is applicable.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 43; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
44 Term of patent
44. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued by the Patent Office under this Act the application for which patent is filed after the coming into force of this section shall be twenty years from the date of the filing of the application in Canada.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 44; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
45 Idem
45. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued by the Patent Office under this Act the application for which patent is filed before the coming into force of this section shall be seventeen years from the date on which the patent is issued.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 45; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
46(1) Maintenance fees
46.–
(1) A patentee of a patent issued by the Patent Office under this Act after the coming into force of this section shall, to maintain the rights accorded by the patent, pay to the Commissioner such fees, in respect of such periods, as may be prescribed.
46(2) Lapse of term if maintenance fees not paid
(2) Where the fees payable by a patentee in respect of a period prescribed for the purposes of subsection (1) are not paid before the expiration of that period, the term limited for the duration of the patent shall be deemed to have lapsed on the expiration of such further period as may be prescribed.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 46; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.
REISSUE OF PATENTS
47(1) Issue of new or amended patents
47.–
(1) Whenever any patent is deemed defective or inoperative by reason of insufficient description and
specification, or by reason of the patentee’s claiming more or less than he had a right to claim as new, but at the same time it appears that the error arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or deceptive intention, the Commissioner may, on the surrender of the patent within four years from its date and the payment of a further prescribed fee, cause a new patent, in accordance with an amended description and specification made by the patentee, to be issued to him for the same invention for the then unexpired term for which the original patent was granted.
47(2) Effect of new patent
(2) The surrender referred to in subsection (1) takes effect only on the issue of the new patent, and the new patent and the amended description and specification have the same effect in law, on the trial of any action thereafter commenced for any cause subsequently accruing, as if the amended description and specification had been originally filed in their corrected form before the issue of the original patent, but, in so far as the claims of the original and reissued patents are identical, the surrender does not affect any action pending at the time of reissue or abate any cause of action then existing, and the reissued patent to the extent that its claims are identical with the original patent constitutes a continuation thereof and has effect continuously from the date of the original patent.
47(3) Separate patents for separate parts
(3) The Commissioner may entertain separate applications and cause patents to be issued for distinct and separate parts of the invention patented, on payment of the fee for a reissue for each of the reissued patents.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 50.
48(1) Patentee may disclaim anything included in patent by mistake
48.–
(1) Whenever, by any mistake, accident or inadvertence, and without any wilful intent to defraud or mislead the public, a patentee has
the patentee may, on payment of a prescribed fee, make a disclaimer of such parts as the patentee does not claim to hold by virtue of the patent or the assignment thereof.
48(2) Form and attestation of disclaimer
(2) The disclaimer referred to in subsection (1) shall be in writing, and in duplicate, and shall be attested by one or more witnesses.
48(3) Copies
(3) One copy of a disclaimer shall be filed and recorded in the office of the Commissioner and the other shall be attached to the patent and made a part thereof by reference and the disclaimer shall thereafter be deemed to be part of the original specification.
48(4) Pending suits not affected
(4) No disclaimer affects any action pending at the time when it is made, unless there is unreasonable neglect or delay in making it.
48(5) Death of patentee
(5) In case of the death of an original patentee or of his having assigned the patent, a like right to disclaim vests in his legal representatives, any of whom may exercise it.
48(6) Effect of disclaimer
(6) A patent shall, after disclaimer as provided in this section, be deemed to be valid for such material and substantial part of the invention, definitely distinguished from other parts thereof claimed without right, as is not disclaimed and is truly the invention of the disclaimant, and the disclaimant is entitled to maintain an action or suit in respect of that part accordingly.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 48; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 17.
48.1(1) Request for re-examination
48.1.–
(1) Any person may request a re-examination of any claim of a patent by filing with the Commissioner prior art consisting of patents and printed publications and by paying a prescribed fee.
48.1(2) Pertinency of request
(2) A request for re-examination under subsection (1) shall set forth the pertinency of the prior art and the manner of applying the prior art to the claim for which re-examination is requested.
48.1(3) Notice to patentee
(3) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection (1), the Commissioner shall send a copy of the request to the patentee of the patent in respect of which the request is made, unless the patentee is the person who made the request.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.
48.2(1) Establishment of re-examination board
48.2.–
(1) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection 48.1(1), the Commissioner shall establish a re-examination board consisting of not fewer than three persons, at least two of whom shall be employees of the Patent Office, to which the request shall be referred for determination.
48.2(2) Determination to be made by board
(2) A re-examination board shall, within three months following its establishment, determine whether a substantial new question of patentability affecting any claim of the patent concerned is raised by the request for re-examination.
48.2(3) Notice
(3) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination does not raise a substantial new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the patent concerned, the board shall so notify the person who filed the request and the decision of the board is final for all purposes and is not subject to appeal or to review by any court.
48.2(4) Idem
(4) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination raises a substantial new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the patent concerned, the board shall notify the patentee of the determination and the reasons therefor.
48.2(5) Filing of reply
(5) A patentee who receives notice under subsection (4) may, within three months of the date of the notice, submit to the re-examination board a reply to the notice setting out submissions on the question of the patentability of the claim of the patent in respect of which the notice was given.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.
48.3(1) Re-examination proceeding
48.3.–
(1) On receipt of a reply under subsection 48.2(5) or in the absence of any reply within three months after notice is given under subsection 48.2(4), a re-examination board shall forthwith cause a re-examination to be made of the claim of the patent in respect of which the request for re-examination was submitted.
48.3(2) Patentee may submit amendments
(2) In any re-examination proceeding under subsection (1), the patentee may propose any amendment to the patent or any new claims in relation thereto but no proposed amendment or new claim enlarging the scope of a claim of the patent shall be permitted.
48.3(3) Time limitation
(3) A re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a patent shall be completed within twelve months of the commencement of the proceedings under subsection (1).
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.
48.4(1) Certificate of board
48.4.–
(1) On conclusion of a re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a patent, the re-examination board shall issue a certificate
48.4(2) Certificate attached to patent
(2) A certificate issued in respect of a patent under subsection (1) shall be attached to the patent and made part thereof by reference, and a copy of the certificate shall be sent by registered mail to the patentee.
48.4(3) Effect of certificate
(3) For the purposes of this Act, where a certificate issued in respect of a patent under subsection (1)
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.
48.5(1) Appeals
48.5.–
(1) Any decision of a re-examination board set out in a certificate issued under subsection 48.4(1) is subject to appeal by the patentee to the Federal Court.
48.5(2) Limitation
(2) No appeal may be taken under subsection (1) after three months from the date a copy of the certificate is sent by registered mail to the patentee.
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.
49(1) Assignee or personal representatives
49.–
(1) A patent may be granted to any person to whom an inventor, entitled under this Act to obtain a patent, has assigned in writing or bequeathed by his last will his right to obtain it, and, in the absence of an assignment or bequest, the patent may be granted to the personal representatives of the estate of the deceased inventor.
49(2) Assignees may object
(2) Where an applicant for a patent has, after filing the application, assigned his right to obtain the patent, or where the applicant has either before or after filing the application assigned in writing the whole or part of his property or interest in the invention, the assignee may register the assignment in the Patent Office in such manner as may be determined by the Commissioner, and no application for a patent may be withdrawn without the consent in writing of every such registered assignee.
49(3) Attestation
(3) No assignment shall be registered in the Patent Office unless it is accompanied by the affidavit of a subscribing witness or established by other proof to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the assignment has been signed and executed by the assignor.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 49; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 19.
50(1) Patents to be assignable
50.–
(1) Every patent issued for an invention is assignable in law, either as to the whole interest or as to any part thereof, by an instrument in writing.
50(2) Registration
(2) Every assignment of a patent, and every grant and conveyance of any exclusive right to make and use and to grant to others the right to make and use the invention patented, within and throughout Canada or any part thereof, shall be registered in the Patent Office in the manner determined by the Commissioner.
50(3) Attestation
(3) No assignment, grant or conveyance shall be registered in the Patent Office unless it is accompanied by the affidavit of a subscribing witness or established by other proof to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the assignment, grant or conveyance has been signed and executed by the assignor and by every other party thereto.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 50; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 20.
51 When assignment void
51. Every assignment affecting a patent for invention, whether it is one referred to in section 49 or 50, is void against any subsequent assignee, unless the assignment is registered as prescribed by those sections, before the registration of the instrument under which the subsequent assignee claims.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 53.
52 Jurisdiction of Federal Court
52. The Federal Court has jurisdiction, on the application of the Commissioner or of any person interested, to order that any entry in the records of the Patent Office relating to the title to a patent be varied or expunged.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 54; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
53(1) Void in certain cases, or valid only for parts
53.–
(1) A patent is void if any material allegation in the petition of the applicant in respect of the patent is untrue, or if the specification and drawings contain more or less than is necessary for obtaining the end for which they purport to be made, and the omission or addition is wilfully made for the purpose of misleading.
53(2) Exception
(2) Where it appears to a court that the omission or addition referred to in subsection (1) was an involuntary error and it is proved that the patentee is entitled to the remainder of his patent, the court shall render a judgment in accordance with the facts, and shall determine the costs, and the patent shall be held valid for that part of the invention described to which the patentee is so found to be entitled.
53(3) Copies of judgment
(3) Two office copies of the judgment rendered under subsection (1) shall be furnished to the Patent Office by the patentee, one of which shall be registered and remain of record in the Office and the other attached to the patent and made a part of it by a reference thereto.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 55.
54(1) Jurisdiction of courts
54.–
(1) An action for the infringement of a patent may be brought in that court of record that, in the province in which the infringement is said to have occurred, has jurisdiction, pecuniarily, to the amount of the damages claimed and that, with relation to the other courts of the province, holds its sittings nearest to the place of residence or of business of the defendant, and that court shall decide the case and determine the costs, and assumption of jurisdiction by the court is of itself sufficient proof of jurisdiction.
54(2) Jurisdiction of Federal Court
(2) Nothing in this section impairs the jurisdiction of the Federal Court under section 20 of the Federal Court Act or otherwise.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 56; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 65.
55(1) Infringement and remedy
55.–
(1) Any person who infringes a patent is
55(2) Patentee to be a party
(2) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the patentee shall be or be made a party to any action for the recovery of damages referred to in subsection (1).
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 55; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 21.
55.1 Burden of proof for patented process
55.1. In an action for infringement of a patent granted for a process for obtaining a new product, any product that is the same as the new product shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered to have been produced by the patented process.
1993, c. 2, s. 4, c. 44, s. 193.
55.2(1) Exception
55.2.–
(1) It is not an infringement of a patent for any person to make, construct, use or sell the patented invention solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information required under any law of Canada, a province or a country other than Canada that regulates the manufacture, construction, use or sale of any product.
55.2(2) Idem
(2) It is not an infringement of a patent for any person who makes, constructs, uses or sells a patented invention in accordance with subsection (1) to make, construct or use the invention, during the applicable period provided for by the regulations, for the manufacture and storage of articles intended for sale after the date on which the term of the patent expires.
55.2(3) Regulations
(3) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purposes of subsection (2), but any period provided for by the regulations must terminate immediately preceding the date on which the term of the patent expires.
55.2(4) Idem
(4) The Governor in Council may make such regulations as the Governor in Council considers necessary for preventing the infringement of a patent by any person who makes, constructs, uses or sells a patented invention in accordance with subsection (1) or (2) including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, regulations
55.2(5) Inconsistency or conflict
(5) In the event of any inconsistency or conflict between
this section or the regulations made under this section shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency or conflict.
55.2(6) For greater certainty
(6) For greater certainty, subsection (1) does not affect any exception to the exclusive property or privilege granted by a patent that exists at law in respect of acts done privately and on a non-commercial scale or for a non-commercial purpose or in respect of any use, manufacture, construction or sale of the patented invention solely for the purpose of experiments that relate to the subject-matter of the patent.
1993, c. 2, s. 4.
56(1) Patent not to affect previous purchaser
56.–
(1) Every person who, before the earlier of the date of filing of an application for a patent and the priority date of the application, if any, has purchased, constructed or acquired the invention for which a patent is afterwards obtained under this Act, has the right to use and sell to others the specific article, machine, manufacture or composition of matter patented and so purchased, constructed or acquired without being liable to the patentee or the legal representatives of the patentee for so doing.
56(2) Non-application
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition referred to in subsection (3) or (4).
56(3) Special case
(3) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the day on which subsection (1) came into force, applies in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before that day of an invention for which a patent is issued on the basis of an application filed after October 1, 1989 and before the day on which subsection (1) came into force.
56(4) Idem
(4) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before October 1, 1989, applies in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before the day on which subsection (1) came into force of an invention for which a patent is issued before October 1, 1989 or is issued after October 1, 1989 on the basis of an application filed before October 1, 1989.–
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 56; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 22; 1993, c. 44, s. 194.
57(1) Injunction may issue
57.–
57(2) Appeal
(2) An appeal lies from any order made under subsection (1) in the same circumstances and to the same court as from other judgments or orders of the court in which the order is made.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 59.
58 Invalid claims not to affect valid claims
58. When, in any action or proceeding respecting a patent that contains two or more claims, one or more of those claims is or are held to be valid but another or others is or are held to be invalid or void, effect shall be given to the patent as if it contained only the valid claim or claims.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 60.
59 Defence
59. The defendant, in any action for infringement of a patent may plead as matter of defence any fact or default which by this Act or by law renders the patent void, and the court shall take cognizance of that pleading and of the relevant facts and decide accordingly.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 61.
60(1) Impeachment of patents or claims
60.–
(1) A patent or any claim in a patent may be declared invalid or void by the Federal Court at the instance of the Attorney General of Canada or at the instance of any interested person.
60(2) Declaration as to infringement
(2) Where any person has reasonable cause to believe that any process used or proposed to be used or any article made, used or sold or proposed to be made, used or sold by him might be alleged by any patentee to constitute an infringement of an exclusive property or privilege granted thereby, he may bring an action in the Federal Court against the patentee for a declaration that the process or article does not or would not constitute an infringement of the exclusive property or privilege.
60(3) Security for costs
(3) With the exception of the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a province, the plaintiff in any action under this section shall, before proceeding therein, give security for the costs of the patentee in such sum as the Federal Court may direct, but a defendant in any action for the infringement of a patent is entitled to obtain a declaration under this section without being required to furnish any security.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 62; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
61. [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 23]
62 Judgment voiding patent
62. A certificate of a judgment voiding in whole or in part any patent shall, at the request of any person filing it to make it of record in the Patent Office, be entered on the margin of the enrolment of the patent in the Patent Office, and the patent or such part thereof as is so voided shall thereupon be and be held to have been void and of no effect, unless the judgment is reversed on appeal as provided in section 63.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 64.
63 Appeal
63. Every judgment voiding in whole or in part or refusing to void in whole or in part any patent is subject to appeal to any court having appellate jurisdiction in other cases decided by the court by which the judgment was rendered.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 65.
64. [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 195]
65(1) Abuse of rights under patents
65.–
(1) The Attorney General of Canada or any person interested may, at any time after the expiration of three years from the date of the grant of a patent, apply to the Commissioner alleging in the case of that patent that there has been an abuse of the exclusive rights thereunder and asking for relief under this Act.
65(2) What amounts to abuse
65(5) Definition of “patented article”
(5) For the purposes of this section, the expression “patented article” includes articles made by a patented process.
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 65; 1993, c. 2, s. 5, c. 15, s. 51, c. 44, s. 196.
66(1) Powers of Commissioner in cases of abuse
66.–
(1) On being satisfied that a case of abuse of the exclusive rights under a patent has been established, the Commissioner may exercise any of the following powers as he may deem expedient in the circumstances:
66(2) Proceedings to prevent infringement
(2) A licensee under paragraph (1)(a) is entitled to call on the patentee to take proceedings to prevent infringement of the patent, and if the patentee refuses or neglects to do so within two months after being so called on, the licensee may institute proceedings for infringement in his own name as though he were the patentee, making the patentee a defendant, but a patentee added as defendant is not liable for any costs unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.
66(3) Service on patentee
(3) Service on a patentee added as a defendant may be effected by leaving the writ at his address or at the address of his representative for service as appearing in the records of the Patent Office.
66(4) Considerations by which Commissioner to be guided
(4) In settling the terms of a licence under paragraph (1)(a), the Commissioner shall be guided as far as possible by the following considerations:
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 66; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 24; 1993, c. 44, s. 197.
67. [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 198]
68(1) Contents of applications
68.–
(1) Every application presented to the Commissioner under section 65 or 66 shall
68(2) Service
(2) The Commissioner shall consider the matters alleged in the application and declarations referred to in subsection (1), and, if satisfied that the applicant has a bona fide interest and that a case for relief has been made, he shall direct the applicant to serve copies of the application and declarations on the patentee or his representative for service and on any other persons appearing from the records of the Patent Office to be interested in the patent, and the applicant shall advertise the application in the Canada Gazette and the Canadian Patent Office Record.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 70.
69(1) Opposition and counter statement
69.–
(1) If the patentee or any person is desirous of opposing the granting of any relief under sections 65 to 70, he shall, within such time as may be prescribed or within such extended time as the Commissioner may on application further allow, deliver to the Commissioner a counter statement verified by a statutory declaration fully setting out the grounds on which the application is to be opposed.
69(2) Attendance for cross- examination
(2) The Commissioner shall consider the counter statement and declaration referred to in subsection (1) and may thereupon dismiss the application if satisfied that the allegations in the application have been adequately answered, unless any of the parties demands a hearing or unless the Commissioner himself appoints a hearing, and in any case the Commissioner may require the attendance before him of any of the declarants to be cross-examined or further examined on matters relevant to the issues raised in the application and counter statement, and he may, subject to due precautions against disclosure of information to rivals in trade, require the production before him of books and documents relating to the matter in issue.
69(3) Reference to Federal Court
(3) In any case where the Commissioner does not dismiss an application as provided in subsection (2), and
investigation that cannot in the opinion of the Commissioner conveniently be made before him, the Commissioner, with the approval in writing of the Minister, may order the whole proceedings or any issue of fact arising thereunder to be referred to the Federal Court, which has jurisdiction in the premises.
69(4) Idem
(4) Where the whole proceedings are referred under subsection (1), the judgment, decision or order of the Federal Court is final, and where a question or issue of fact is referred under that subsection, the Court shall report its findings to the Commissioner.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 71; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.
70 Licence deemed to be by deed
70. Any order for the grant of a licence under this Act, without prejudice to any other method of enforcement, operates as if it were embodied in a deed granting a licence executed by the patentee and all other necessary parties.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 72.
71 Appeal to Federal Court
73(1) Forfeiture of applications
73.–
(1) Where the prescribed fees stated to be payable in a notice of allowance of patent are not paid within six months from the date of the notice, the application for patent is thereupon forfeited.
73(2) Restoration
(2) A forfeited application may be restored and a patent granted thereon on application to the Commissioner within six months from the incurrence of the forfeiture, on payment with the application for restoration, in addition to the fees payable on the grant of the patent, of a further prescribed fee.
73(3) Idem
(3) A restored application is subject to amendment and re-examination.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 75.
74. [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 26]
75 Offences
75. Every person who
stamps or otherwise marks on anything not purchased from the patentee, the words “Patent”, “Letters Patent”, “Queen’s (or King’s) Patent”, “Patented” or any word or words of like import, with the intent of counterfeiting or imitating the stamp, mark or device of the patentee, or of deceiving the public and inducing them to believe that the thing in question was made or sold by or with the consent of the patentee, or
(c) with intent to deceive the public offers for sale as patented in Canada any article not patented in
Canada, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 78.
76 False representations, false entries, etc.
76. Every person who, in relation to the purposes of this Act and knowing it to be false,
is guilty of an indictable offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 79.
76.1(1) Offence respecting patented medicines
76.1.–
(1) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 80, 81, 82 or 88 or any order made thereunder is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable
76.1(2) Idem
(2) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 84 or any order made under section 83 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable
76.1(3) Limitation period
(3) Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) may be commenced within, but not later than, two years after the time when the subject-matter of the proceedings arose.
76.1(4) Continuing offence
(4) Where an offence under subsection (1) or (2) is committed or continued on more than one day, the person who committed the offence is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which the offence is committed or continued.
1993, c. 2, s. 6.
77 Validity of patents
77. Every patent issued before, on or after August 1, 1935 shall be deemed to have been properly issued if all the conditions of the issue of a valid patent that may have been or shall be in force, either at the date of the application therefor or at the date of the issue thereof, have been satisfied, but any provisions in force from time to time relating to the continued validity of patents after issue apply to all patents whenever granted.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 80.
78(1) Time limit deemed extended
78.–
(1) Where any time limit or period of limitation specified under or pursuant to this Act expires on a day when the Patent Office is closed for business, that time limit or period of limitation shall be deemed to be extended to the next day when the Patent Office is open for business.
78(2) When Patent Office closed for business
(2) The Patent Office shall be closed for business on Saturdays and holidays and on such other days as the Minister by order declares that it shall be closed for business.
78(3) Publication
(3) Every order made by the Minister under subsection (2) shall be published in the Canadian Patent Office Record as soon as possible after it is made.
R.S., c. P-4, s. 81.
Interpretation
79(1) Definitions
79.–
(1) In this section and in sections 80 to 103,
79(1) “Board” « Conseil »
“Board” means the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board continued by section 91;
79(1) “Consumer Price Index” « indice des prix à la consommation »
“Consumer Price Index” means the Consumer Price Index published by Statistics Canada under the authority of the Statistics Act;
79(1) “Minister” « ministre »
“Minister” means the Minister of National Health and Welfare or such other Member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for the purposes of this section and sections 80 to 103;
“patentee”, in respect of an invention pertaining to a medicine, means the person for the time being entitled to the benefit of the patent for that invention and includes, where any other person is entitled to exercise any rights in relation to that patent other than under a licence continued by subsection 11(1) of the Patent Act Amendment Act, 1992, that other person in respect of those rights;
79(1) “regulations” « règlement »
“regulations” means regulations made under section 101.
79(2) Invention pertaining to a medicine
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) and sections 80 to 101, an invention pertains to a medicine if the invention is intended or capable of being used for medicine or for the preparation or production of medicine.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Pricing Information
80(1) Pricing information, etc., required by regulations
80.–
(1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations, provide the Board with such information and documents as the regulations may specify respecting
80(2) Idem
(2) Subject to subsection (3), a person who is a former patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations, provide the Board with such information and documents as the regulations may specify respecting
80(3) Limitation
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a person who has not been entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent for a period of three or more years.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
81(1) Pricing information, etc. required by Board
81.–
(1) The Board may, by order, require a patentee or former patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine to provide the Board with information and documents respecting
81(2) Compliance with order
(2) A patentee or former patentee in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (1) shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow.
81(3) Limitation
(3) No order may be made under subsection (1) in respect of a former patentee who, more than three years before the day on which the order is proposed to be made, ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
82(1) Notice of introductory price
82.–
(1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine who intends to sell the medicine in a market in Canada in which it has not previously been sold shall, as soon as practicable after determining the date on which the medicine will be first offered for sale in that market, notify the Board of its intention and of that date.
82(2) Pricing information and documents
(2) Where the Board receives a notice under subsection (1) from a patentee or otherwise has reason to believe that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine intends to sell the medicine in a market in Canada in which the medicine has not previously been sold, the Board may, by order, require the patentee to provide the Board with information and documents respecting the price at which the medicine is intended to be sold in that market.
82(3) Compliance with order
(3) Subject to subsection (4), a patentee in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (2) shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow.
82(4) Limitation
(4) No patentee shall be required to comply with an order made under subsection (2) prior to the sixtieth day preceding the date on which the patentee intends to first offer the medicine for sale in the relevant market.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Excessive Prices
83(1) Order re excessive prices
83.–
(1) Where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine is selling the medicine in
any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, is excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the patentee to cause the maximum price at which the patentee sells the medicine in that market to be reduced to such level as the Board considers not to be excessive and as is specified in the order.
83(2) Idem
(2) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine
has, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the patentee to do any one or more of the following things as will, in the Board’s opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price:
83(3) Idem
(3) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a former patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine had, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the former patentee to do any one or more of the following things as will, in the Board’s opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the former patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price:
83(4) Where policy to sell at excessive price
(4) Where the Board, having regard to the extent and duration of the sales of the medicine at an excessive price, is of the opinion that the patentee or former patentee has engaged in a policy of selling the medicine at an excessive price, the Board may, by order, in lieu of any order it may make under subsection (2) or (3), as the case may be, direct the patentee or former patentee to do any one or more of the things referred to in that subsection as will, in the Board’s opinion, offset not more than twice the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the patentee or former patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price.
83(5) Excess revenues
(5) In estimating the amount of excess revenues under subsection (2), (3) or (4), the Board shall not consider any revenues derived by a patentee or former patentee before December 20, 1991 or any revenues derived by a former patentee after the former patentee ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent.
83(6) Right to hearing
(6) Before the Board makes an order under this section, it shall provide the patentee or former patentee with a reasonable opportunity to be heard.
83(7) Limitation period
(7) No order may be made under this section in respect of a former patentee who, more than three years before the day on which the proceedings in the matter commenced, ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent.
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 54(F).
84(1) Compliance
84.–
(1) A patentee or former patentee who is required by any order made under section 83 to reduce the price of a medicine shall commence compliance with the order within one month after the date of the order or within such greater period after that date as the Board determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of the patentee or former patentee.
84(2) Idem
(2) A patentee or former patentee who is directed by any order made under section 83 to pay an amount to Her Majesty shall pay that amount within one month after the date of the order or within such greater period after that date as the Board determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of the patentee or former patentee.
84(3) Debt due to Her Majesty
(3) An amount payable by a patentee or former patentee to Her Majesty under any order made under section 83 constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty and may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
85(1) Factors to be considered
85.–
(1) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold at an excessive price in any market in Canada, the Board shall take into consideration the following factors, to the extent that information on the factors is available to the Board:
85(2) Additional factors
(2) Where, after taking into consideration the factors referred to in subsection (1), the Board is unable to determine whether the medicine is being or has been sold in any market in Canada at an excessive price, the Board may take into consideration the following factors:
85(3) Research costs
(3) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold in any market in Canada at an excessive price, the Board shall not take into consideration research costs other than the Canadian portion of the world costs related to the research that led to the invention pertaining to that medicine or to the development and commercialization of that invention, calculated in proportion to the ratio of sales by the patentee in Canada of that medicine to total world sales.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
86(1) Hearings to be public
86.–
(1) A hearing under section 83 shall be held in public unless the Board is satisfied on representations made by the person to whom the hearing relates that specific, direct and substantial harm would be caused to the person by the disclosure of information or documents at a public hearing, in which case the hearing or any part thereof may, at the discretion of the Board, be held in private.
86(2) Notice of hearing to certain persons
(2) The Board shall give notice to the Minister of Industry or such other Minister as may be designated by the regulations and to provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health of any hearing under section 83, and each of them is entitled to appear and make representations to the Board with respect to the matter being heard.
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1995, c. 1, s. 62.
87(1) Information, etc., privileged
87.–
(1) Subject to subsection (2), any information or document provided to the Board under section 80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83 is privileged, and no person who has obtained the information or document pursuant to this Act shall, without the authorization of the person who provided the information or document, knowingly disclose the information or document or allow it to be disclosed unless it has been disclosed at a public hearing under section 83.
87(2) Disclosure, etc.
(2) Any information or document referred to in subsection (1)
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1995, c. 1, s. 62.
Sales and Expense Information
88(1) Sales and expense information, etc., to be provided
88.–
(1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations, or as the Board may, by order, require, provide the Board with such information and documents as the regulations or the order may specify respecting
88(2) Additional information, etc.
(2) Where the Board believes on reasonable grounds that any person has information or documents pertaining to the value of sales of medicine in Canada by a patentee or the expenditures made by a patentee in Canada on research and development relating to medicine, the Board may, by order, require the person to provide the Board with any of the information or documents that are specified in the order, or with copies thereof.
88(3) Compliance with order
(3) A person in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (1) or (2) shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow.
88(4) Information, etc., privileged
(4) Subject to section 89, any information or document provided to the Board under subsection (1) or (2) is privileged, and no person who has obtained the information or document pursuant to this Act shall, without the authorization of the person who provided the information or document, knowingly disclose the information or allow it to be disclosed, except for the purposes of the administration of this Act.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
89(1) Report
89.–
(1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report setting out
89(2) Basis of report
(2) The report shall be based on an analysis of information and documents provided to the Board under subsections 88(1) and (2) and of such other information and documents relating to the revenues and expenditures referred to in subsection 88(1) as the Board considers relevant but, subject to subsection (3), shall not be set out in a manner that would make it possible to identify a person who provided any information or document under subsection 88(1) or (2).
89(3) Exception
(3) The Board shall, in the report, identify the patentees in respect of whom an estimate referred to in subsection (1) is given in the report, and may, in the report, identify any person who has failed to comply with subsection 88(1) or (2) at any time in the year in respect of which the report is made.
89(4) Tabling of report
(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report is submitted to the Minister.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Inquiries
90 Inquiries
90. The Board shall inquire into any matter that the Minister refers to the Board for inquiry and shall report to the Minister at the time and in accordance with the terms of reference established by the Minister.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
91(1) Establishment
91.–
(1) The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board is hereby continued, and shall consist of not more than five members to be appointed by the Governor in Council.
91(2) Tenure
(2) Each member of the Board shall hold office during good behaviour for a period of five years, but may be removed at any time by the Governor in Council for cause.
91(3) Reappointment
(3) A member of the Board, on the expiration of a first term of office, is eligible to be reappointed for one further term.
91(4) Acting after expiration of appointment
(4) A person may continue to act as a member of the Board after the expiration of the person’s term of appointment in respect of any matter in which the person became engaged during the term of appointment.
91(5) Remuneration and expenses
(5) The members of the Board shall be paid such remuneration as may be fixed by the Governor in Council and are entitled to be paid reasonable travel and living expenses incurred by them in the course of their duties under this Act while absent from their ordinary place of residence.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
92(1) Advisory panel
92.–
(1) The Minister may establish an advisory panel to advise the Minister on the appointment of persons to the Board, which panel shall include representatives of the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health, representatives of consumer groups, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry and such other persons as the Minister considers appropriate to appoint.
92(2) Consultation
(2) The Minister shall consult with an advisory panel established under subsection (1) for the purpose of making a recommendation to the Governor in Council with respect to the appointment of a person to the Board.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
93(1) Chairperson and Vice-chairperson
93.–
(1) The Governor in Council shall designate one of the members of the Board to be Chairperson of the Board and one of the members to be Vice-chairperson of the Board.
93(2) Duties of Chairperson
(2) The Chairperson is the chief executive officer of the Board and has supervision over and direction of the work of the Board, including
93(3) Duties of Vice-chairperson
(3) If the Chairperson is absent or incapacitated or if the office of Chairperson is vacant, the Vice-chairperson has all the powers and functions of the Chairperson during the absence, incapacity or vacancy.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
94(1) Staff
94.–
(1) Such officers and employees as are necessary for the proper conduct of the work of the Board shall be appointed in accordance with the Public Service Employment Act.
94(2) Idem
(2) Persons appointed under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be employed in the Public Service for the purposes of the Public Service Superannuation Act.
94(3) Technical assistance
(3) The Board may engage on a temporary basis the services of persons having technical or specialized knowledge to advise and assist in the performance of its duties and, with the approval of the Treasury Board, the Board may fix and pay the remuneration and expenses of those persons.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
95(1) Principal office
95.–
(1) The principal office of the Board shall be in the National Capital Region described in the schedule to the National Capital Act.
95(2) Meetings
(2) The Board may meet at such times and places in Canada as the Chairperson deems advisable.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
96(1) General powers, etc.
96.–
(1) The Board has, with respect to the attendance, swearing and examination of witnesses, the production and inspection of documents, the enforcement of its orders and other matters necessary or proper for the due exercise of its jurisdiction, all such powers, rights and privileges as are vested in a superior court.
96(2) Rules
(2) The Board may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, make general rules
96(3) By-laws
(3) The Board may make by-laws for carrying out the work of the Board, the management of its internal affairs and the duties of its staff.
96(4) Guidelines
(4) Subject to subsection (5), the Board may issue guidelines with respect to any matter within its jurisdiction but such guidelines are not binding on the Board or any patentee.
96(5) Consultation
(5) Before the Board issues any guidelines, it shall consult with the Minister, the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health and such representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry as the Minister may designate for the purpose.
96(6) Non-application of Statutory Instruments Act
(6) The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to guidelines issued under subsection (4).
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
97(1) Proceedings
97.–
(1) All proceedings before the Board shall be dealt with as informally and expeditiously as the circumstances and considerations of fairness permit.
97(2) Differences of opinion among members
(2) In any proceedings before the Board,
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
98(1) Orders
98.–
(1) The Board may, in any order, direct
98(2) Interim orders, etc.
(2) The Board may make interim orders or reserve further directions for an adjourned hearing of a matter.
98(3) Rescission and variation
(3) The Board may vary or rescind any order made by it and may re-hear any matter.
98(4) Certificates
(4) Where any person satisfies the Board that the Board would not have sufficient grounds to make an order under section 83 in respect of the person, the Board may, after the person pays any fees required to be paid by the regulations, issue to the person a certificate to that effect, but no certificate is binding on the Board.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
99(1) Enforcement of orders
99.–
(1) Any order of the Board may be made an order of the Federal Court or any superior court of a province and is enforceable in the same manner as an order of the court.
99(2) Procedure
(2) To make an order of the Board an order of a court, the usual practice and procedure of the court in such matters may be followed or, in lieu thereof, the Board may file with the registrar of the court a certified copy
of the Board’s order, and thereupon the order becomes an order of the court.
99(3) Effect of variation or rescission
(3) Where an order of the Board that has been made an order of a court is varied or rescinded by a subsequent order of the Board, the subsequent order of the Board shall be made an order of the court in the manner described in subsection (1), and the order of the court shall be deemed to have been varied or rescinded accordingly.
99(4) Option to enforce
(4) Nothing in this section prevents the Board from exercising any of its powers under this Act.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
100(1) Report of Board
100.–
(1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report on its activities during the preceding year.
100(2) Idem
(2) The report shall contain
100(3) Report summary
(3) The summary referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may be based on information and documents provided to the Board by any patentee under section 80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83, but shall not be set out in a manner that would make it possible to identify that patentee.
100(4) Tabling of report
(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report is submitted to the Minister.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Regulations
101(1) Regulations
101.–
(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Governor in Council may make regulations
101(2) Recommendation
(2) No regulations may be made under paragraph (1)(d), (f), (h) or (i) except on the recommendation of the Minister, made after the Minister has consulted with the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health and with such representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry as the Minister considers appropriate.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Meetings with Minister
102(1) Meetings with Minister
102.–
(1) The Minister may at any time convene a meeting of the following persons:
102(2) Agenda
(2) The participants at a meeting convened under subsection (1) shall consider such matters in relation to the administration or operation of sections 79 to 101 as the Minister may determine.
1993, c. 2, s. 7.
Agreements with Provinces
103 Agreements with provinces
103. The Minister may enter into agreements with any province respecting the distribution to that province of amounts received or collected by the Receiver General under section 84, less any costs incurred in relation to the collection and distribution of those amounts.
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 55(F).
RELATED PROVISIONS
— R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), ss. 28 to 32, as amended by 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F) (Sch. VIII, item 22):
Pending applications
“28. Applications for patents filed before the coming into force of the provisions of this Act referred to in subsection 33(1) shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the Patent Act as it read immediately before the coming into force of those provisions.
Patents issued before Act in force
29. Any matter arising after the coming into force of the provisions of this Act referred to in subsection 33(1) in respect of any patent issued before the coming into force of those provisions, except any matter arising under any of sections 39.1 to 39.25 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 15 of this Act, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the Patent Act as it read immediately before the coming into force of those provisions.
Applications in conflict
30. Where a conflict, within the meaning of section 43 of the Patent Act, as that section read immediately before the coming into force of section 16 of this Act, exists between an application for a patent filed after the coming into force of section 16 of this Act and an application for a patent filed before the coming into force of that section, the applications shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with section 43 of the Patent Act as that section read immediately before the coming into force of section 16 of this Act.
Payments to provinces
31.–
(1) The Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs shall pay to each province for each of the fiscal years commencing in the period April 1, 1987 to March 31, 1991, for the purpose of research and development relating to medicine, an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying
(a) the quotient obtained by dividing
made, by
(b) the population of the province for the fiscal year in respect of which the payment is made.
Time and manner of payment
(2) Payment of any amount under this section shall be made out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund at such times and in such manner as the Governor in Council may, by regulation, prescribe.
Determination of population
(3) For the purposes of this section, the population of a province for a fiscal year shall be the population of that province on June 1 of that year as determined and published by the Chief Statistician of Canada.
Prohibition
32.–
(1) Notwithstanding anything in section 39 of the Patent Act or in any licence granted under that section, no person shall, under a licence granted prior to March 28, 1989 under that section in respect of a patent pertaining to the medicine Diltiazem hydrochloride, have or exercise any right to
Duration of prohibition
(2) The prohibition under subsection (1) expires on March 28, 1989.–
Actions and proceedings barred
(3) No action or proceedings for any compensation or damages lie against Her Majesty in right of Canada as a result of the application of subsection (1) to a licence referred to in that subsection.”
— 1993, c. 2, ss. 9 to 14:
Definitions
9. In this section and sections 10 to 13,
“commencement day” « date d’entrée en vigueur »
“commencement day” means the day on which section 3 of this Act comes into force;
“former Act” « loi antérieure »
“former Act” means the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the commencement day.
Pending proceedings
10. Any proceeding pending before the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board immediately before the commencement day shall be taken up and continued under and in accordance with sections 79 to 101 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 7 of this Act, as if the proceeding had been commenced on or after that day.
Licences continued
11.–
(1) A licence that has been granted under section 39 of the former Act before December 20, 1991 and that has not been terminated before the commencement day shall continue in effect according to its terms and, subject to subsection (2), sections 39 to 39.14 of the former Act shall continue to apply in respect of that licence as if they had not been repealed by section 3 of this Act.
Exception
(2) For the purposes of applying sections 39 to 39.14 of the former Act in respect of a licence continued by subsection (1), the prohibitions set out in subsections 39.11(1) and 39.14(1) of the former Act do not apply in respect of any medicine or medicines in respect of which an order has been made under paragraph 39.15(3)(d) of the former Act, if that order is in force immediately before the commencement day.
Licences ceasing to have effect
12.–
(1) Every licence granted under section 39 of the former Act on or after December 20, 1991 shall cease to have effect on the expiration of the day preceding the commencement day, and all rights or privileges acquired or accrued under that licence or under the former Act in relation to that licence shall thereupon be extinguished.
Actions for infringement barred
(2) For greater certainty, no action for infringement of a patent lies under the Patent Act in respect of any act that is done before the commencement day under a licence referred to in subsection (1) in accordance with the terms of that licence and sections 39 to 39.17 of the former Act.
Actions and proceedings barred
13. No action or proceeding for any compensation or damages lies against Her Majesty in right of Canada in respect of any direct or indirect consequence resulting from the application of section 11 or 12 or the repeal of sections 39 to 39.17 of the former Act.
Review of certain sections
14.–
(1) On the expiration of four years after this Act is assented to, the provisions of the Patent Act enacted by this Act shall be referred to such committee of the House of Commons, of the Senate or of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or established for the purpose of the review referred to in subsection (2).
Idem
(2) The committee shall undertake a comprehensive review of the provisions of the Patent Act enacted by this Act and shall, within one year after the review is undertaken or within such further time as the House or Houses that designated or established the committee may authorize, submit a report thereon, including such recommendations as the committee may wish to make pertaining to those provisions.
— 1993, c. 44, s. 191(2):
No liability
(2) Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province is not, by reason only of the enactment of subsection (1), liable for any use of a patented invention before the day on which subsection (1) comes into force.
AMENDMENTS NOT IN FORCE
— 1993, c. 15, ss. 26 to 49:
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1(2)
26.–
“claim date” Version anglaise seulement
“claim date” means the date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada, as determined in accordance with section 28.1;
“filing date” « date de dépôt »
“filing date” means, in relation to an application for a patent in Canada, the date on which the application is filed, as determined in accordance with section 28;
“predecessor in title” « prédécesseur en droit »
“predecessor in title” includes any person through whom an applicant for a patent in Canada claims the right to the patent;
“request for priority” « demande de priorité »
“request for priority” means a request under section 28.4;
27. Section 8 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Clerical errors
8. Clerical errors in any instrument of record in the Patent Office do not invalidate the instrument, but they may be corrected under the authority of the Commissioner.
Electronic or other submission of documents, information or fees
8.1–
(1) Subject to the regulations, any document, information or fee that is authorized or required to be submitted to the Commissioner under this Act may be submitted in electronic or other form in any manner specified by the Commissioner.
Time of receipt
(2) For the purposes of this Act, any document, information or fee submitted in accordance with subsection (1) is deemed to be received by the Commissioner at the time provided by the regulations.
Storage of documents or information in electronic or other form
8.2 Subject to the regulations, any document or information received by the Commissioner under this Act in electronic or other form may be entered or recorded by any information storage device, including any system of mechanical or electronic data processing, that is capable of reproducing stored documents or information in intelligible form within a reasonable time.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 2
28. Section 10 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Inspection by the public
10.–
(1) Subject to subsections (2) to (6) and section 20, all patents, applications for patents and documents filed in connection with patents or applications for patents shall be open to public inspection at the Patent Office, under such conditions as may be prescribed.
Confidentiality period
(2) Except with the approval of the applicant, an application for a patent, or a document filed in connection with the application, shall not be open to public inspection before a confidentiality period of eighteen months has expired.
Beginning of confidentiality period
(3) The confidentiality period begins on the filing date of the application or, where a request for priority has been made in respect of the application, it begins on the earliest filing date of any previously regularly filed application on which the request is based.
Withdrawal of request
(4) Where a request for priority is withdrawn on or before the prescribed date, it shall, for the purposes of subsection (3) and to the extent that it is withdrawn, be considered never to have been made.
Withdrawn applications
(5) An application shall not be open to public inspection if it is withdrawn in accordance with the regulations on or before the prescribed date.
Prescribed date
(6) A prescribed date referred to in subsection (4) or (5) must be no later than the date on which the confidentiality period expires.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3
29.–
(j.1) respecting the submission of documents, information or fees under section 8.1, including
(iii) the time at which they are deemed to be received by the Commissioner;
(j.2) respecting the entering or recording of any document or information under section 8.2;
(j.3) prescribing the manner in which an application for a patent may be withdrawn and, for the purposes of subsections 10(4) and (5), prescribing the date, or the manner of determining the date, on or before which a request for priority or an application for a patent must be withdrawn;
(j.4) respecting requests for priority, including
(iii) the documentation that must be filed in support of requests for priority, and
(iv) the withdrawal of requests for priority;
(j.5) respecting the time within which requests for examination must be made and prescribed fees must be paid under subsection 35(1);
(j.6) respecting the deposit of biological material for the purposes of section 38.1;
(j.7) respecting the manner in which amendments may be made to specifications or drawings furnished as part of an application for a patent;
(j.8) authorizing the Commissioner to extend, subject to any prescribed terms and conditions, the time fixed by or under this Act for doing anything where the Commissioner is satisfied that the circumstances justify the extension;
30. Section 18 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Notice on appeal
18.–
(1) Whenever an appeal to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner is permitted under this Act, notice of the decision shall be mailed by the Commissioner by registered letter addressed to the interested parties or their respective agents.
Time for taking appeal
(2) The appeal shall be taken within three months after the date of mailing of the notice, unless otherwise provided by or under this Act.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 8
31. Section 27 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Commissioner may grant patents 27.–
(1) The Commissioner shall grant a patent for an invention to the inventor or the inventor’s legal representative if an application for the patent in Canada is filed in accordance with this Act and all other requirements for the issuance of a patent under this Act are met.
Application requirements
(2) The prescribed application fee must be paid and the application must be filed in accordance with the regulations by the inventor or the inventor’s legal representative and the application must contain a petition and a specification of the invention.
Specification
Claims
(4) The specification must end with a claim or claims defining distinctly and in explicit terms the subject-matter of the invention for which an exclusive privilege or property is claimed.
Alternative definition of subject-matter
(5) For greater certainty, where a claim defines the subject-matter of an invention in the alternative, each alternative is a separate claim for the purposes of sections 2, 28.1 to 28.3 and 78.3.
When application to be completed
(6) Where an application does not completely meet the requirements of subsection (2) on its filing date, the Commissioner shall, by notice to the applicant, require the application to be completed on or before the date specified in the notice.
Specified period
(7) The specified date must be at least three months after the date of the notice and at least twelve months after the filing date of the application.
What may not be patented
(8) No patent shall be granted for any mere scientific principle or abstract theorem.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 10
Filing date
28.–
(1) The filing date of an application for a patent in Canada is the date on which the Commissioner receives the documents, information and fees prescribed for the purposes of this section or, if they are received on different dates, the last date.
Deemed date of receipt of fees
(2) The Commissioner may, for the purposes of this section, deem prescribed fees to have been received on a date earlier than the date of their receipt if the Commissioner considers it just to do so.
Claim date 28.1.–
(1) The date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada (the “pending application”) is the filing date of the application, unless
Claims based on previously regularly filed applications
(2) In the circumstances described in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c), the claim date is the filing date of the previously regularly filed application.
Subject-matter of claim must not be previously disclosed
28.2.–
(1) The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada (the “pending application”) must not have been disclosed
(iii) the filing date of the co-pending application is within twelve months after the filing date of the previously regularly filed application, and
(iv) the applicant has, in respect of the co-pending application, made a request for priority on the basis of the previously regularly filed application.
Withdrawal of application
(2) An application mentioned in paragraph (1)(c) or a co-pending application mentioned in paragraph (1)(d) that is withdrawn before it is open to public inspection shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered never to have been filed.
Invention must not be obvious
28.3. The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada must be subject-matter that would not have been obvious on the claim date to a person skilled in the art or science to which it pertains, having regard to
Request for priority
28.4.–
(1) For the purposes of sections 28.1, 28.2 and 78.3, an applicant for a patent in Canada may request priority in respect of the application on the basis of one or more previously regularly filed applications.
Requirements governing request
(2) The request for priority must be made in accordance with the regulations and the applicant must inform the Commissioner of the filing date, country of filing and number of each previously regularly filed application on which the request is based.
Withdrawal of request
(3) An applicant may, in accordance with the regulations, withdraw a request for priority, either entirely or with respect to one or more previously regularly filed applications.
Multiple previously regularly filed applications
(4) Where two or more applications have been previously regularly filed as described in paragraph 28.1(1)(a), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(i) or paragraph 78.3(1)(a) or (2)(a), either in the same country or in different countries,
Withdrawal, etc., of previously regularly filed applications
(5) A previously regularly filed application mentioned in section 28.1 or 28.2 or subsection 78.3(1) or (2) shall, for the purposes of that section or subsection, be considered never to have been filed if
34.–
(1) Subsection 29(1) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Non-resident applicants 29.–
(1) An applicant for a patent who does not appear to reside or carry on business at a specified address in Canada shall, on the filing date of the application, appoint as a representative a person or firm residing or carrying on business at a specified address in Canada.
(2) Subsections 29(3) to (5) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
New representatives
Where no new appointment is made or no new address supplied
(4) Where the Commissioner makes a request under paragraph (3)(b) and no new appointment is made or no new and correct address is supplied by the applicant or patentee within three months, the Federal Court or the Commissioner may dispose of any proceedings under this Act without requiring service on the applicant or patentee of any process in the proceedings.
When fee payable
(5) No fee is payable on the appointment of a new representative or the supply of a new and correct address, unless that appointment or supply follows a request by the Commissioner under subsection (3), in which case the prescribed fee is payable.
1992, c. 1, s. 113
Filing 34.1.–
(1) Any person may file with the Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents, applications for patents open to public inspection and printed publications, that the person believes has a bearing on the patentability of any claim in an application for a patent.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 12
38. Subsections 35(2) to (4) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Required examination
(2) The Commissioner may by notice require an applicant for a patent to make a request for examination pursuant to subsection (1) or to pay the prescribed fee within the time specified in the notice, but the specified time may not exceed the time provided by the regulations for making the request and paying the fee.
39. Subsections 36(2) to (4) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Limitation of claims by applicant
(2) Where an application (the “original application”) describes more than one invention, the applicant may limit the claims to one invention only, and any other invention disclosed may be made the subject of a divisional application, if the divisional application is filed before the issue of a patent on the original application.
Limitation of claims on direction of Commissioner
(2.1) Where an application (the “original application”) describes and claims more than one invention, the applicant shall, on the direction of the Commissioner, limit the claims to one invention only, and any other invention disclosed may be made the subject of a divisional application, if the divisional application is filed before the issue of a patent on the original application.
Original application abandoned
(3) If an original application mentioned in subsection (2) or (2.1) becomes abandoned, the time for filing a divisional application terminates with the expiration of the time for reinstating the original application under this Act.
Separate applications
(4) A divisional application shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct application under this Act, to which its provisions apply as fully as may be, and separate fees shall be paid on the divisional application and it shall have the same filing date as the original application.
40. The heading preceding section 37 and section 37 of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Drawings
37. –
(1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of illustration by means of drawings, the applicant shall, as part of the application, furnish drawings of the invention that clearly show all parts of the invention.
Particulars
(2) Each drawing must include references corresponding with the specification, and the Commissioner may require further drawings or dispense with any of them as the Commissioner sees fit.
41. The said Act is further amended by adding thereto, immediately after section 38 thereof, the following sections:
Biological material may be deposited
38.1–
(1) Where a specification refers to a deposit of biological material and the deposit is in accordance with the regulations, the deposit shall be considered part of the specification and, to the extent that subsection 27(3) cannot otherwise reasonably be complied with, the deposit shall be taken into consideration in determining whether the specification complies with that subsection.
Deposit not required
(2) For greater certainty, a reference to a deposit of biological material in a specification does not create a presumption that the deposit is required for the purpose of complying with subsection 27(3).
Amendments to specifications and drawings 38.2.–
(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and the regulations, the specification and any drawings furnished as part of an application for a patent in Canada may be amended before the patent is issued.
Restriction on amendments to specifications
(2) The specification may not be amended to describe matter not reasonably to be inferred from the specification or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is admitted in the specification that the matter is prior art with respect to the application.
Restriction on amendments to drawings
(3) Drawings may not be amended to add matter not reasonably to be inferred from the specification or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is admitted in the specification that the matter is prior art with respect to the application.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16
42. Sections 43 to 45 of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Form and duration of patents 43.–
(1) Subject to section 46, every patent granted under this Act shall be issued under the seal of the Patent Office, and shall bear on its face the filing date of the application for the patent, the date on which the application became open to public inspection under section 10, the date on which the patent is granted and issued and any prescribed information.
Validity of patent
(2) After the patent is issued, it shall, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, be valid and avail the patentee and the legal representatives of the patentee for the term mentioned in section 44 or 45, whichever is applicable.
Term of patents based on applications filed on or after October 1, 1989
44. Subject to section 46, where an application for a patent is filed under this Act on or after October 1, 1989, the term limited for the duration of the patent is twenty years from the filing date.
Term of patents based on applications filed before October 1, 1989
45. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued under this Act on the basis of an application filed before October 1, 1989 is seventeen years from the date on which the patent is issued.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16
43. Subsection 46(2) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Lapse of term if maintenance fees not paid
(2) Where the fees payable under subsection (1) are not paid within the time provided by the regulations, the term limited for the duration of the patent shall be deemed to have expired at the end of that time.
44. Subsections 48(2) and (3) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Form and attestation of disclaimer
(2) A disclaimer shall be filed in the prescribed form and manner.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18
45. Subsection 48.1(1) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Request for re-examination
48.1.–
(1) Any person may request a re-examination of any claim of a patent by filing with the Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents, applications for patents open to public inspection and printed publications, and by paying a prescribed fee.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18
46.–
(1) Subsection 48.2(2) of the French version of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Décision
(2) Dans les trois mois suivant sa constitution, le conseil décide si la demande soulève un nouveau point de fond vis-à-vis de la brevetabilité des revendications du brevet en cause.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18
(2) Subsection 48.2(5) of the French version of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Réponse
(5) Dans les trois mois suivant la date de l’avis, le titulaire en cause peut expédier au conseil une réponse exposant ses observations sur la brevetabilité des revendications du brevet visé par l’avis.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18
47. Section 48.4 of the said Act is amended by adding thereto the following subsection:
Appeals
(4) Subsection (3) does not apply until the time for taking an appeal has expired under subsection 48.5(2) and, if an appeal is taken, subsection (3) applies only to the extent provided in the final judgment on the appeal.
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 21
48. Section 55 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Liability for patent infringement
55.–
(1) A person who infringes a patent is liable to the patentee and to all persons claiming under the patentee for all damage sustained by the patentee or by any such person, after the grant of the patent, by reason of the infringement.
Liability damage before patent is granted
(2) A person is liable to pay reasonable compensation to a patentee and to all persons claiming under the patentee for any damage sustained by the patentee or by any of those persons by reason of any act on the part of that person, after the application for the patent became open to public inspection under section 10 and before the grant of the patent, that would have constituted an infringement of the patent if the patent had been granted on the day the application became open to public inspection under that section.
Patentee to be a party
(3) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the patentee shall be or be made a party to any proceeding under subsection (1) or (2).
Deemed action for infringement
(4) For the purposes of this section and sections 54 and 55.01 to 59, any proceeding under subsection (2) is deemed to be an action for the infringement of a patent and the act on which that proceeding is based is deemed to be an act of infringement of the patent.
Limitation
55.01. No remedy may be awarded for an act of infringement committed more than six years before the commencement of the action for infringement.
49. Section 62 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor:
Judgment voiding patent
62. A certificate of a judgment voiding in whole or in part any patent shall, at the request of any person filing it to make it a record in the Patent Office, be registered in the Patent Office, and the patent, or such part as is voided, shall thereupon be and be held to have been void and of no effect, unless the judgment is reversed on appeal as provided in section 63.
— 1993, c. 15, ss. 52 to 56:
52. The heading preceding section 73 and section 73 of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor:
ABANDONMENT AND REINSTATEMENT OF APPLICATIONS
Deemed abandonment of applications
73.–
(1) An application for a patent in Canada shall be deemed to be abandoned if the applicant does not
Deemed abandonment in prescribed circumstances
(2) An application shall also be deemed to be abandoned in any other circumstances that are prescribed.
Reinstatement
(3) An application deemed to be abandoned under this section shall be reinstated if the applicant
Amendment and re-examination
(4) An application that has been abandoned pursuant to paragraph (1)(f) and reinstated is subject to amendment and further examination.
Original filing date
(5) An application that is reinstated retains its original filing date.
53. Section 76 of the said Act is amended by adding thereto, immediately after paragraph (b) thereof, the following paragraph:
(b.1) submits or causes to be submitted, in an electronic form, any false document, false information or document containing false information,
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Patent applications filed before October 1, 1989
78.1.–
(1) Applications for patents in Canada filed before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act as they read immediately before that date and section 38.1 as it read immediately after this section came into force.
Patents issued before October 1, 1989
(2) Subject to section 78.5, any matter arising on or after October 1, 1989 in respect of a patent issued before that date shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act as they read immediately before that date and section 38.1 as it read immediately after this section came into force.
Patents issued on or after October 1, 1989 on the basis of previously filed applications
78.2. Subject to section 78.5, any matter arising on or after October 1, 1989 in respect of a patent issued on or after that date on the basis of an application filed before that date, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act, other than section 46, as they read immediately before that date, and with sections 38.1, 45, 46 and 48.1 to 48.5 as they read immediately after this section came into force.
Previous version of section 43 applies
78.3.–
be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with section 43, as it read immediately before October 1, 1989.
Exception
Patent applications filed on or after October 1, 1989
78.4.–
(1) Applications for patents in Canada filed on or after October 1, 1989, but before this section came into force, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with
Patents issued on or after October 1, 1989
(2) Any matter arising in respect of a patent issued on the basis of an application filed on or after October 1, 1989, but before this section came into force, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with
Application
78.5. The provisions of this Act that apply as provided in subsection 78.1(2) and section 78.2 shall be read subject to any amendments to this Act coming into force
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.)
56. Sections 28 to 30 of An Act to amend the Patent Act and to provide for certain matters in relation thereto are repealed.
— 1993, c. 44, s. 199:
Transitional provisions respecting Bill S-17
199. If Bill S-17, introduced in the third session of the thirty-fourth Parliament and entitled An Act to amend the Copyright Act, the Industrial Design Act, the Integrated Circuit Topography Act, the Patent Act, the Trade-marks Act and other Acts in consequence thereof, is assented to, the following provisions apply:
Patent not to affect previous purchaser
56.–
(1) Every person who, before the claim date of a claim in a patent has purchased, constructed or acquired the subject matter defined by the claim, has the right to use and sell to others the specific article, machine, manufacture or composition of matter patented and so purchased, constructed or acquired without being liable to the patentee or the legal representatives of the patentee for so doing.