|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F23 |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

|  | F23 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J; "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame; "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame; "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

|  | F23B |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for lump and another kind of fuel simultaneously or alternatively Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 1/00; fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/00; burning of low-grade fuel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G; grates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23H; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23K; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M; domestic apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24; central heating boilers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D; package boilers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H)

|  | F23B |
Note(s) This subclass covers only the combustion of lump fuel, or of pulverulent or granulated fuel if no use is made of its fluent nature.

|  | F23B |
Subclass index
APPARATUS |
Structural features | 1/00
Portable or removable | 3/00
Arrangements for burning uncombusted material | 5/00
Other apparatus | 7/00
COMBUSTION TECHNIQUES | 7/00

|  | F23C |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING FLUENT FUEL (combustion apparatus for solid fuel only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23B; burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M; combustion chambers for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23C |
Subclass index
APPARATUS |
For burning two or more kinds of combustibles | 1/00
Characterised by shape of combustion chamber; by two or more chambers | 3/00; 6/00
With recycling of combustion products | 9/00
For fluidised bed combustion | 10/00
Other apparatus | 11/00
MOUNTING, DISPOSITION OF BURNERS | 5/00
AIR-SUPPLY ARRANGEMENTS | 7/00

|  | F23D |
BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23D |
Subclass index
BURNERS FOR PULVERULENT FUEL | 1/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A LIQUID |
Using capillary action | 3/00
Using fuel evaporation; direct spraying action | 5/00; 11/00
Using fuel impingement on a surface | 7/00, 9/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF A GAS | 14/00
BURNERS FOR COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS OR LIQUID OR PULVERULENT FUEL | 17/00
OTHER BURNERS | 21/00
ASSEMBLIES OF TWO OR MORE BURNERS | 23/00

|  | F23G |
CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION

|  | F23G |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the burning of low-grade fuel of solid, liquid, or gaseous nature.

|  | F23G |
Subclass index
CREMATION FURNACES | 1/00
CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION |
Incinerators |
for use in buildings, for town, field or garden refuse | 5/00
for industrial waste | 7/00
Other apparatus for consuming industrial waste by combustion | 7/00

|  | F23H |
GRATES (inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/20); CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES

|  | F23H |
Subclass index
GRATES |
With solid bars; with hollow bars | 1/00; 3/00
Double; inclined; revolving or rocking; travelling | 5/00; 7/00; 9/00; 11/00
Other types | 13/00
Details | 17/00
CLEANING ARRANGEMENTS FOR GRATES, MOVING FUEL ALONG GRATE | 15/00

|  | F23J |
REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (precipitating dust from flue gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; composition of fuels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10; combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G 7/06)

|  | F23J |
Note(s) This subclass covers also the cleaning of surfaces of furnace tubes, flame tubes, water tubes, flues or the like of boilers, heat-exchange or heat-transfer conduits, which surfaces are contaminated by combustion products or combustion residues. This subclass does not cover the cleaning of surfaces of boilers, heat exchange or heat-transfer conduits contaminated by other than combustion products or combustion residues, which is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28G.

|  | F23J |
Subclass index
REMOVAL OF SOLID COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES |
From combustion chamber | 1/00
From places beyond the fire | 3/00
TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES |
Supply of chemicals; preventing solidification; Treating smoke or fumes | 7/00; 9/00; 15/00
FLUES, FITTINGS FOR CHIMNEYS OR FLUES | 11/00, 13/00

|  | F23K |
FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/22; regulating or controlling combustion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N)

|  | F23L |
AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS (air-supply arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel, e.g. fluidised bed combustion apparatus, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C; dampers or throat restrictors for open fire-places Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24)

|  | F23L |
Subclass index
AIR SUPPLY |
Passages for: primary air; secondary air | 1/00; 9/00
Valves or dampers |
construction | 13/00
arrangements: before the fire; after the fire | 3/00; 11/00
Blast-producing apparatus before the fire; heating of air for combustion | 5/00; 15/00
SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES, OTHER THAN AIR, TO THE FIRE | 7/00
DRAUGHT-INDUCING | 17/00

|  | F23M |
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (construction or support of tube walls for steam boilers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23N |
REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/28; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24B 1/187)

|  | F23Q |
IGNITION (devices for igniting matches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A24F; explosive or thermic compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06B; chemical igniters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06C; devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines, except glowing plugs, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P); EXTINGUISHING DEVICES

|  | F23Q |
Subclass index
IGNITERS |
Mechanical | 1/00
Using electric sparks | 3/00, 5/00
Incandescent | 7/00
With pilot flame | 9/00
By catalysis | 11/00
Other | 13/00
REMOTE IGNITION | 21/00
TESTING | 23/00
LIGHTERS CONTAINING FUEL | 2/00, 3/01, 7/00
EXTINGUISHING DEVICES | 25/00

|  | F23R |
GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (chemical aspects of gas production Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06D 5/00; gas-turbine plants characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 3/14; arrangement of afterburners in jet-propulsion plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 3/10; combustion chambers of rocket engine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K 9/00; using such products for specific purposes, see the relevant classes for the purposes)