|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F27 |
FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21B, glass melting furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B, coke or gas-making apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G, blast furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, converters for making steel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D; furnaces for electroslag or arc remelting of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 9/00; enamelling ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23D; combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23; electric heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B) [4]

|  | F27 |
Note(s) This class covers: furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus and other similar apparatus for heat treatment of materials or articles, and details or accessories therefor, in general; the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces. This class does not cover: combustion apparatus per se, i.e. apparatus for direct combination of oxygen gas and a burnable substance; [7] electrical heating elements per se; processes carried on within the furnaces. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "furnaces" covers kilns, ovens, or retorts.

|  | F27B |
FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS

|  | F27B |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27 and the Note III following the Contents of Section of section H.

|  | F27B |
Subclass index
FURNACES WITH STATIONARY CHARGE |
Shaft furnaces | 1/00
Horizontal furnaces | 3/00, 5/00
Bell-type furnaces | 11/00
With progression of heating | 13/00
Crucible furnaces, tank furnaces | 14/00
STATIONARY FURNACES WITH MECHANICALLY-MOVED CHARGE | 9/00
ROTARY FURNACES | 7/00, 13/00
OTHER FURNACES; COMBINATIONS | 15/00, 17/00; 19/00
OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS | 21/00

|  | F27B 1/00 |
Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces (for preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime, magnesia or dolomite Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 2/12)

|  | F27B 1/02 |
· | with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey

|  | F27B 1/04 |
· · | Combinations or arrangements of shafts

|  | F27B 1/06 |
· | of other than up-draught type

|  | F27B 1/08 |
· | heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge

|  | F27B 1/09 |
· · | heated electrically [4]

|  | F27B 1/10 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 1/12 |
· · | Shells or casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 1/14 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings (linings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 1/00)

|  | F27B 1/16 |
· · | Arrangements of tuyères

|  | F27B 1/18 |
· · | Arrangements of dust collectors

|  | F27B 1/20 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 1/21 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 1/22 |
· · | Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus (heat-exchangers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28D)

|  | F27B 1/24 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | F27B 1/26 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling devices

|  | F27B 1/28 |
· · | Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices

|  | F27B 3/00 |
Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/00-F27B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 21/00 take precedence); Electric arc furnaces [4]

|  | F27B 3/02 |
· | of single-chamber fixed-hearth type

|  | F27B 3/04 |
· | of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces

|  | F27B 3/06 |
· | with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable

|  | F27B 3/08 |
· | heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat

|  | F27B 3/10 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, peculiar to hearth-type furnaces

|  | F27B 3/12 |
· · | Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 3/14 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 3/16 |
· · · | Walls; Roofs

|  | F27B 3/18 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 3/19 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 3/20 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 3/22 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 3/24 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | F27B 3/26 |
· · | Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus

|  | F27B 3/28 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]

|  | F27B 5/00 |
Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/00 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 5/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber type

|  | F27B 5/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 5/05 |
· · | in vacuum [5]

|  | F27B 5/06 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 5/08 |
· · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 5/10 |
· · | Muffles

|  | F27B 5/12 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 5/13 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 5/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 5/16 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 5/18 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]

|  | F27B 7/00 |
Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined

|  | F27B 7/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type

|  | F27B 7/04 |
· · | with longitudinal divisions

|  | F27B 7/06 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 7/08 |
· | externally heated

|  | F27B 7/10 |
· | internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall

|  | F27B 7/12 |
· | tiltable

|  | F27B 7/14 |
· | with means for agitating or moving the charge

|  | F27B 7/16 |
· · | the means being fixed relatively to the drum (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 7/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 7/18 |
· · | the means being movable within the drum

|  | F27B 7/20 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces

|  | F27B 7/22 |
· · | Rotary drums; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 7/24 |
· · · | Seals between rotary and stationary parts

|  | F27B 7/26 |
· · | Drives

|  | F27B 7/28 |
· · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 7/30 |
· · | Arrangements of partitions

|  | F27B 7/32 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 7/33 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 7/34 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 7/36 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 7/38 |
· · | Arrangements of cooling devices

|  | F27B 7/40 |
· · · | Planetary coolers [4]

|  | F27B 7/42 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]

|  | F27B 9/00 |
Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 7/14 takes precedence); Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity

|  | F27B 9/02 |
· | of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces

|  | F27B 9/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 9/06 |
· | heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated

|  | F27B 9/08 |
· · | heated through chamber walls

|  | F27B 9/10 |
· · | heated by hot air or gas

|  | F27B 9/12 |
· | with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge

|  | F27B 9/14 |
· | characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/28 takes precedence; travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 3/12)

|  | F27B 9/16 |
· · | the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path

|  | F27B 9/18 |
· · · | under the action of scrapers or pushers

|  | F27B 9/20 |
· · | the charge moving in a substantially straight path

|  | F27B 9/22 |
· · · | under the action of scrapers or pushers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/26 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 9/24 |
· · · | being carried by a conveyer

|  | F27B 9/26 |
· · · | on or in trucks, sleds, or containers

|  | F27B 9/28 |
· | for treating continuous lengths of work

|  | F27B 9/30 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 9/32 |
· · | Casings

|  | F27B 9/34 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 9/36 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 9/38 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 9/39 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 9/40 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices

|  | F27B 11/00 |
Bell-type furnaces (for treating metal strips or wire Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D 9/663)

|  | F27B 13/00 |
Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge

|  | F27B 13/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces

|  | F27B 13/04 |
· | of single-chamber type with temporary partitions

|  | F27B 13/06 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type

|  | F27B 13/08 |
· · | Casings

|  | F27B 13/10 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 13/12 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 13/14 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]

|  | F27B 14/00 |
Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces [4]

|  | F27B 14/02 |
· | with tilting or rocking arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 14/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 14/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 14/06 |
· | heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces, with or without any other source of heat (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 14/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 14/08 |
· | Details peculiar to crucible, pot or tank furnaces [4]

|  | F27B 14/10 |
· · | Crucibles

|  | F27B 14/12 |
· · · | Covers therefor

|  | F27B 14/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 14/16 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 14/18 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 14/20 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]

|  | F27B 15/00 |
Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion (fluidised bed combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C 10/00)

|  | F27B 15/02 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 15/04 |
· · | Casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 15/06 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 15/08 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 15/09 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 15/10 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 15/12 |
· · | Arrangements of dust collectors

|  | F27B 15/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 15/16 |
· · | Arrangements of cooling devices

|  | F27B 15/18 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling devices

|  | F27B 15/20 |
· · | Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices

|  | F27B 17/00 |
Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group (structural combinations of furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 19/02)

|  | F27B 17/02 |
· | specially designed for laboratory use

|  | F27B 19/00 |
Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group

|  | F27B 19/02 |
· | combined in one structure

|  | F27B 19/04 |
· | arranged for associated working

|  | F27B 21/00 |
Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction

|  | F27B 21/02 |
· | Sintering grates or tables

|  | F27B 21/04 |
· | Sintering pots or sintering pans

|  | F27B 21/06 |
· | Endless-strand sintering machines

|  | F27B 21/08 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to sintering or like apparatus [4]

|  | F27B 21/10 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for charging [4]

|  | F27B 21/12 |
· · | Arrangement of devices for discharging [4]

|  | F27B 21/14 |
· · | Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices [4]