C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

    The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.
  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
  3. -
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C05
FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF (processes or devices for granulating materials, in general B01J 2/00; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials C09K 17/00)  [4]
 C05

Note(s)

  1. An ingredient in a mixture of fertilisers, or a single fertiliser which contains more than one of the chemical elements on which the subdivision into subclasses is based, is classified only in the first of the appropriate subclasses. Thus, a nitrophosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate is classified in C05B but not in C05C, magnesium phosphate is classified in C05B but not in C05D, and calcium cyanamide in C05C but not in C05D.
  2. In this class, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to ingredients of a mixture of different fertilisers or of fertilisers with non-fertilisers. The indexing codes, which are chosen from the groups in this class, with the exception of groups C05B 1/10 and C05B 11/02, C05C 1/02 and C05C 7/02, C05F 1/02, C05F 3/06, C05F 9/02, C05F 11/06 and C05F 17/02, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be linked.
 C05F
ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
 C05F

Note(s)

  1. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S.  [5]
  2. Processes where the composting step is the characterising feature, or apparatus therefor, are classified in group C05F 17/00.  [5]
 C05F 1/00
Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
 C05F 1/02
·  Apparatus for their manufacture
 C05F 3/00
Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
 C05F 3/02
·  Guano
 C05F 3/04
·  from human faecal masses
 C05F 3/06
·  Apparatus for their manufacture
 C05F 5/00
Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant, or similar wastes or residues
 C05F 7/00
Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses (methods or installations for de-watering, drying, or incineration of sludge C02F 11/00)
 C05F 7/02
·  from sulfite liquor or other waste lyes from the manufacture of cellulose
 C05F 7/04
·  from waste liquors in the potash industry
 C05F 9/00
Fertilisers from household or town refuse
 C05F 9/02
·  Apparatus for the manufacture
 C05F 9/04
·  Biological compost
 C05F 11/00
Other organic fertilisers
 C05F 11/02
·  from peat, brown coal, or similar vegetable deposits
 C05F 11/04
·  ·  Horticultural earth ("Gärtnerische Erden") from peat
 C05F 11/06
·  ·  Apparatus for their manufacture
 C05F 11/08
·  Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
 C05F 11/10
·  Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
 C05F 15/00
Mixtures of fertilisers covered by more than one of the preceding main groups; Fertilisers from mixtures of starting materials, all the starting materials being covered by this subclass but not by the same main group  [5]
 C05F 17/00
Preparation of fertilisers characterised by the composting step  [5]
 C05F 17/02
·  Apparatus therefor  [5]