G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G10
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
 G10

Note(s)

  1. This class covers all sound-emitting devices, in general, whether or not they may be considered as being musical.
  2. In this class, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "musical instrument" does not exclude devices emitting a single sound signal.
  3. The following Class Index is given in place of subclass indexes, to show the grouping of the elaborations belonging to different subclasses, under the following three fundamental types:
    • wind instruments;
    • string instruments;
    • percussion instruments,
    which relate clearly to the majority of instruments.
  4. There are of course some instruments of which the principle of operation belongs less clearly to one of the three types mentioned in Note (3). They correspond to groups G10D 17/00 or G10K 7/00, G10K 9/00 or G10K 15/04, all the other groups normally finding a definite place.
 G10
Class index
ACOUSTICS; OPERATIONS ON SOUND WAVES
Speech analysis or synthesis; speech recognition G10L
Methods or devices for transmission of sound or protection against sound, not otherwise provided for G10K 11/00, G10K 13/00
Acoustics not otherwise provided for G10K 15/00
WIND INSTRUMENTS
General features; details, accessories G10D 7/00; G10D 9/00
Organs, harmoniums, or similar instruments G10B 1/00, G10B 3/00
Accordions, concertinas, or similar instruments; other types of instruments G10D 11/00; G10D 7/00
Whistles; sirens; horns G10K 5/00; G10K 7/00; G10K 9/00
STRING INSTRUMENTS
General features; details, accessories G10D 1/00; G10D 3/00
Pianos, similar instruments; tools and methods for making or maintenance G10C 1/00, G10C 3/00; G10C 9/00
Other types of instruments G10D 1/00
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
Bells, rattles, or similar instruments G10K 1/00, G10K 3/00
Other instruments G10D 13/00
OTHER PARTICULAR DEVICES: DEVICES USING UNDEFINED PRINCIPLES; COMBINATIONS OF INSTRUMENTS; MUSIC ACCESSORIES
Electrophonic musical instruments G10H
Automatic musical instruments G10F
Sirens; devices with vibrators G10K 7/00; G10K 9/00
Combinations: of pianos with other instruments; of other instruments G10C 5/00; G10D 15/00
Music accessories G10G
INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR G10D 17/00

 G10K
SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES (sound-producing toys A63H 5/00; musical instruments or parts thereof, see the relevant subclass, e.g. G10D); ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (fluid oscillators or pulse generators for fluid-pressure systems F15B 21/12; systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves G01S 15/00; generating seismic energy G01V 1/02; signalling or calling arrangements, alarm arrangements G08B; piezo-electric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements in general H01L 41/00; transmission systems using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic waves H04B 11/00; loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R)  [6]
 G10K

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers arrangements for generating mechanical vibrations in fluids.  [6]
  2. This subclass covers also the production of sounds which may not be audible to human beings but which are audible to animals.
  3. In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:  [6]
    • "acoustics" and "sound" cover the technical field dealing with mechanical vibrations at all infrasonic-, sonic- and ultrasonic frequencies. However, generation or transmission of mechanical waves, in general, is covered by subclass B06B, subject to the exception specified in Note (1) above.  [6]
 G10K 1/00
Devices in which sound is produced by striking a resonating body, e.g. bell, chimes, gong (combinations with clocks or watches G04B, G04C; carillons G10F 1/10)
 G10K 1/06
·  the resonating device having the shape of a bell, plate, rod, or tube (bells for towers G10K 1/28)
 G10K 1/062
·  ·  electrically operated
 G10K 1/063
·  ·  ·  the sounding member being a bell
 G10K 1/064
·  ·  ·  ·  Operating or striking mechanisms therefor
 G10K 1/065
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  for timed or repeated operation
 G10K 1/066
·  ·  ·  the sounding member being a tube, plate, or rod
 G10K 1/067
·  ·  ·  ·  Operating or striking mechanisms therefor
 G10K 1/068
·  ·  hydraulically operated; pneumatically operated
 G10K 1/07
·  ·  mechanically operated; Hand bells; Bells for animals
 G10K 1/071
·  ·  ·  Hand bells; Bells for animals
 G10K 1/072
·  ·  ·  Operating or striking mechanisms therefor
 G10K 1/074
·  ·  ·  ·  with rotary clappers or shells
 G10K 1/076
·  ·  ·  ·  for timed or repeated operation
 G10K 1/08
·  ·  Details or accessories of general applicability
 G10K 1/10
·  ·  ·  Sounding members; Mounting thereof; Clappers or other strikers
 G10K 1/26
·  ·  ·  Mountings; Casings
 G10K 1/28
·  Bells for towers or the like
 G10K 1/30
·  ·  Details or accessories
 G10K 1/32
·  ·  ·  Sounding members; Clappers or other strikers
 G10K 1/34
·  ·  ·  Operating mechanisms
 G10K 1/36
·  ·  ·  Means for silencing or damping (means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces due to motion F16F 15/00)
 G10K 1/38
·  ·  ·  Supports; Mountings
 G10K 3/00
Rattles or like noise-producing devices
 G10K 5/00
Whistles
 G10K 5/02
·  Ultrasonic whistles  [3]
 G10K 7/00
Sirens
 G10K 7/02
·  in which the sound-producing member is rotated manually or by a motor (G10K 7/06 takes precedence)
 G10K 7/04
·  ·  by an electric motor
 G10K 7/06
·  in which the sound-producing member is driven by a fluid, e.g. by a compressed gas
 G10K 9/00
Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horn, vehicle hooter, buzzer (loudspeakers or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R)
 G10K 9/02
·  driven by gas, e.g. suction operated
 G10K 9/04
·  ·  by compressed gases, e.g. compressed air
 G10K 9/06
·  ·  produced by detonation
 G10K 9/08
·  driven by water or other liquids
 G10K 9/10
·  driven by mechanical means only
 G10K 9/12
·  electrically operated
 G10K 9/12

Note(s)

This group does not cover the construction of, or circuits for, broadband-transducers such as loudspeakers or microphones, which are covered by subclass H04R.  [6]

 G10K 9/122
·  ·  using piezo-electric driving means  [6]
 G10K 9/125
·  ·  ·  with a plurality of active elements  [6]
 G10K 9/128
·  ·  using magnetostrictive driving means  [6]
 G10K 9/13
·  ·  using electromagnetic driving means  [3]
 G10K 9/15
·  ·  ·  Self-interrupting arrangements  [3]
 G10K 9/16
·  ·  with means for generating the current by muscle power
 G10K 9/18
·  Details, e.g. bulb, pump, piston, switch, casing
 G10K 9/20
·  ·  Sounding members
 G10K 9/22
·  ·  Mountings; Casings
 G10K 11/00
Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general (sound insulation for vehicles B60R 13/08; sound insulation for aircraft B64C 1/40; sound insulating materials, see the relevant places, e.g. C04B 26/00-C04B 38/00; reduction of noise on permanent way E01B 19/00; absorption of air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic E01F 8/00; noise insulation, absorption or reflection in buildings E04B 1/74; room acoustics E04B 1/99; sound insulation in floors E04F 15/20; gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general, for internal-combustion engines F01N; intake silencers for internal-combustion engines F02M 35/00; suppression of undesired vibrations F16F 7/00-F16F 15/00; preventing noise in valves F16K 47/02; noise absorbers in pipes F16L 55/02; arrangements for suppressing noise in direct-contact trickle coolers F28C 1/10; silencers for weapons F41)
 G10K 11/02
·  Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators  [3]
 G10K 11/04
·  ·  Acoustic filters  [3]
 G10K 11/08
·  Non-electric sound-amplifying devices, e.g. non-electric megaphones (amplifying by horns G10K 11/02; amplifying by focusing G10K 11/26)
 G10K 11/16
·  Methods or devices for protecting against, or damping of, acoustic waves, e.g. sound (G10K 11/36 takes precedence)  [3]
 G10K 11/16

Note(s)

This group does not cover protecting against, or damping of, acoustic waves adapted for particular applications, which are covered by the subclasses for these applications, provided that there is a specific provision for this aspect.  [6]

 G10K 11/162
·  ·  Selection of materials  [6]
 G10K 11/165
·  ·  ·  Particles in a matrix  [6]
 G10K 11/168
·  ·  ·  Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches  [6]
 G10K 11/168

Note(s)

When classifying in this group, classification is also made in subclass B32B, in so far as any layered product is concerned.  [6]

 G10K 11/172
·  ·  using resonance effects  [6]
 G10K 11/175
·  ·  using interference effects; Masking sound  [6]
 G10K 11/178
·  ·  ·  by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase  [6]
 G10K 11/18
·  Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound (G10K 11/02, G10K 11/36 take precedence; medical stethoscopes A61B 7/02)  [3]
 G10K 11/20
·  ·  Reflecting arrangements (G10K 11/28 takes precedence)  [3]
 G10K 11/22
·  ·  for conducting sound through hollow pipes, e.g. speaking tubes  [3]
 G10K 11/24
·  ·  for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wire  [3]
 G10K 11/26
·  ·  Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning  [3]
 G10K 11/28
·  ·  ·  using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflector  [3]
 G10K 11/30
·  ·  ·  using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses  [3]
 G10K 11/32
·  ·  ·  characterised by shape of the source  [3]
 G10K 11/34
·  ·  ·  using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering  [3]
 G10K 11/35
·  ·  ·  using mechanical steering of transducers  [6]
 G10K 11/36
·  Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves (electro-acoustic amplifiers H03F 13/00; networks comprising electro-acoustic elements H03H 9/00)  [3]
 G10K 13/00
Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general (for electromechanical transducers H04R 7/00)
 G10K 15/00
Acoustics not otherwise provided for  [4]
 G10K 15/02
·  Synthesis of acoustic waves (synthesis of speech G10L 13/00)  [4]
 G10K 15/04
·  Sound-producing devices (G10K 15/02 takes precedence)  [4]
 G10K 15/06
·  ·  using electric discharge  [4]
 G10K 15/08
·  Arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound  [5]
 G10K 15/10
·  ·  using time-delay networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices  [5]
 G10K 15/12
·  ·  using electronic time-delay networks  [5]