F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINEERING IN GENERAL
 F16
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
 F16F
SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
 F16F

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers;
    • their arrangement in, or adaptation for, particular apparatus, if not provided for in the subclasses covering said apparatus.  [5]
  2. This subclass does not cover the arrangement or adaptation of springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers in, or for, particular apparatus, if provided for in the subclasses concerning the said apparatus, e.g.
    A47C 23/00-A47C 27/00Spring mattresses 
    A63C 5/075Vibration dampers in skis 
    B60GVehicle suspensions 
    B60R 19/24Mounting of bumpers on vehicles 
    B61FRail vehicle suspensions 
    B61G 11/00Buffers for railway or tramway vehicles 
    B62D 21/15Vehicle chassis frames having impact absorbing means 
    B62J 1/02Resiliently mounted saddles on cycles 
    B62K 21/08Steering dampers 
    B63H 1/15Marine propellers having vibration-damping means 
    B63H 21/30Anti-vibration mounting of marine propulsion plant in ships 
    B64C 25/58Arrangement of shock-absorbers or springs in aeroplane alighting gear 
    B65D 81/02Containers, packing elements or packages with shock-absorbing means 
    D06F 37/20Resilient mountings in washing machines 
    D06F 49/06Resilient mountings in domestic spin-dryers 
    F03G 1/00Spring motors 
    F21V 15/04Resilient mounting of lighting devices 
    F41A 25/00Gun cradles to permit recoil 
    F41B 5/20Vibration dampers for archery bows 
    G01D 11/00Indicating or recording in connection with measuring 
    G01G 21/10Weighing apparatus, e.g. arrangement of shock-absorbers in weighing apparatus 
    G04BClocks, watches 
    G12B 3/08Damping of movements in instruments 
    G21C 7/20Disposition of shock-absorbing devices for displacable control elements in nuclear reactors. 
 F16F
Subclass index
SPRINGS
Friction type; fluid type; magnetic type 1/00, 3/00; 5/00, 9/00; 6/00
VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS
Friction type; fluid type 7/00, 11/00; 9/00, 11/00
UNITS COMBINING SPRINGS AND VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS 13/00
SUPPRESSION OF VIBRATION, BALANCING 15/00
 F16F 1/00
Springs (working with fluid F16F 5/00, F16F 9/00)
 F16F 1/02
·  made of steel or other material having low internal friction (F16F 1/36 takes precedence); Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant  [6]
 F16F 1/04
·  ·  Wound springs
 F16F 1/06
·  ·  ·  with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces
 F16F 1/08
·  ·  ·  with turns lying in mainly conical surfaces
 F16F 1/10
·  ·  ·  Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
 F16F 1/12
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings
 F16F 1/13
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising inserts or spacers between the windings for changing the mechanical or physical characteristics of the spring  [6]
 F16F 1/14
·  ·  Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes
 F16F 1/16
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings
 F16F 1/18
·  ·  Leaf springs
 F16F 1/20
·  ·  ·  with layers, e.g. anti-friction layers, or with rollers between the leaves
 F16F 1/22
·  ·  ·  with means for modifying the spring characteristic
 F16F 1/24
·  ·  ·  Lubrication; Covers, e.g. for retaining lubricant
 F16F 1/26
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings (B60G 11/10 takes precedence)  [5]
 F16F 1/28
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising cylindrical metal pins pivoted in close-fitting sleeves
 F16F 1/30
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising intermediate pieces made of rubber or similar elastic material
 F16F 1/32
·  ·  Cup springs; Dished disc springs (diaphragms F16J 3/00)
 F16F 1/34
·  ·  Ring springs, i.e. annular bodies deformed radially due to axial load
 F16F 1/36
·  made of plastics, e.g. rubber; made of material having high internal friction
 F16F 1/362
·  ·  made of steel wool or compressed hair  [6]
 F16F 1/364
·  ·  made of cork, wood or the like material  [6]
 F16F 1/366
·  ·  made of fibre reinforced plastics  [6]
 F16F 1/368
·  ·  ·  Leaf springs  [6]
 F16F 1/37
·  ·  of foam-like material, e.g. sponge rubber
 F16F 1/371
·  ·  characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension elements, e.g. for rigidification (F16F 1/366, F16F 1/387 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/373
·  ·  characterised by having a particular shape  [6]
 F16F 1/374
·  ·  ·  having a spherical or the like shape  [6]
 F16F 1/376
·  ·  ·  having projections, studs, serrations or the like on at least one surface (F16F 1/387 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/377
·  ·  ·  having holes or openings (F16F 1/387 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/379
·  ·  characterised by arrangements for regulating the spring temperature, e.g. by cooling  [6]
 F16F 1/38
·  ·  with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin
 F16F 1/387
·  ·  ·  comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions  [6]
 F16F 1/393
·  ·  ·  with spherical or conical sleeves  [6]
 F16F 1/40
·  ·  consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers
 F16F 1/41
·  ·  ·  the spring consisting of generally conically arranged elements  [6]
 F16F 1/42
·  ·  characterised by the mode of stressing
 F16F 1/44
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in compression
 F16F 1/46
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in tension
 F16F 1/48
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in torsion
 F16F 1/50
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in shear
 F16F 1/52
·  ·  ·  loaded in combined stresses
 F16F 1/54
·  ·  ·  ·  loaded in compression and shear
 F16F 3/00
Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic (including fluid springs F16F 5/00, F16F 13/00)
 F16F 3/02
·  with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
 F16F 3/04
·  ·  composed only of wound springs
 F16F 3/06
·  ·  ·  of which some are placed around others in such a way that they damp each other by mutual friction
 F16F 3/07
·  ·  combined with chambers filled with gas or liquid
 F16F 3/08
·  with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
 F16F 3/087
·  ·  Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material (F16F 1/40 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 3/093
·  ·  ·  the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber  [6]
 F16F 3/10
·  ·  combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
 F16F 3/12
·  ·  ·  the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring, e.g. being embedded in it  [6]
 F16F 5/00
Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs
 F16F 6/00
Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs
 F16F 7/00
Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers (using fluid F16F 5/00, F16F 9/00; specific for rotary systems F16F 15/10)
 F16F 7/01
·  using friction between loose particles, e.g. sand  [6]
 F16F 7/02
·  with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together (F16F 7/01 takes precedence; one of the members being a spring F16F 13/02)  [6]
 F16F 7/04
·  ·  in the direction of the axis of rotation
 F16F 7/06
·  ·  in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the axis of rotation
 F16F 7/08
·  with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other (F16F 7/01 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 7/09
·  ·  in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type  [6]
 F16F 7/10
·  using inertia effect
 F16F 7/104
·  ·  the inertia member being resiliently mounted  [6]
 F16F 7/108
·  ·  ·  on plastics springs  [6]
 F16F 7/112
·  ·  ·  on fluid springs  [6]
 F16F 7/116
·  ·  ·  on metal springs  [6]
 F16F 7/12
·  using plastic deformation of members
 F16F 7/14
·  of cable-support type, i.e. frictionally-engaged loop-forming cables
 F16F 9/00
Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium (F16F 5/00 takes precedence; connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C 29/00; door-operating appliances with fluid braking systems E05F)
 F16F 9/02
·  using gas only
 F16F 9/04
·  ·  in a chamber with a flexible wall
 F16F 9/05
·  ·  ·  the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type  [5]
 F16F 9/06
·  using both gas and liquid
 F16F 9/08
·  ·  in a chamber with a flexible wall
 F16F 9/084
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring contained within a flexible wall, the wall not being in contact with the damping fluid, i.e. mounted externally on the damper cylinder  [6]
 F16F 9/088
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided within the cylinder on the piston rod of a monotubular damper or within the inner tube of a bitubular damper  [6]
 F16F 9/092
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided between the tubes of a bitubular damper  [6]
 F16F 9/096
·  ·  ·  comprising a hydropneumatic accumulator of the membrane type provided on the upper or the lower end of a damper or separately from or laterally on the damper  [6]
 F16F 9/10
·  using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
 F16F 9/12
·  ·  Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid, any throttling effect being immaterial
 F16F 9/14
·  ·  Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
 F16F 9/16
·  ·  ·  involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
 F16F 9/18
·  ·  ·  ·  with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
 F16F 9/19
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with a single cylinder
 F16F 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder
 F16F 9/22
·  ·  ·  ·  with one or more cylinders, each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger
 F16F 9/24
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with a single cylinder and a single piston or plunger
 F16F 9/26
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with two cylinders in line and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
 F16F 9/28
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with two parallel cylinders and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
 F16F 9/30
·  with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
 F16F 9/32
·  Details
 F16F 9/34
·  ·  Special valve constructions (valves in general F16K); Shape or construction of throttling passages
 F16F 9/342
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages operating with metering pins
 F16F 9/344
·  ·  ·  Vortex flow passages  [6]
 F16F 9/346
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
 F16F 9/348
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages in the form of annular discs operating in opposite directions
 F16F 9/36
·  ·  Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods (sealing of moving parts in general F16J 15/16-F16J 15/56)
 F16F 9/38
·  ·  Covers for protection or appearance
 F16F 9/40
·  ·  Arrangements for preventing froth
 F16F 9/42
·  ·  Cooling arrangements
 F16F 9/43
·  ·  Filling arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
 F16F 9/44
·  ·  Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence; temperature correction only F16F 9/52)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/46
·  ·  ·  allowing control from a distance
 F16F 9/48
·  ·  Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/49
·  ·  ·  Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops
 F16F 9/50
·  ·  Special means providing automatic damping adjustment (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/504
·  ·  ·  Inertia-sensitive means  [6]
 F16F 9/508
·  ·  ·  Means responsive to the velocity of movement of the piston  [6]
 F16F 9/512
·  ·  ·  Means responsive to load action on the damper or fluid pressure in the damper  [6]
 F16F 9/516
·  ·  ·  resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension  [6]
 F16F 9/52
·  ·  ·  in case of change of temperature (combined with external adjustment F16F 9/44)
 F16F 9/53
·  ·  Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically  [5]
 F16F 9/54
·  ·  Arrangements for attachment
 F16F 9/56
·  ·  Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or damper, e.g. at the end of the stroke  [6]
 F16F 9/58
·  ·  Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder (F16F 9/49 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 11/00
Vibration-dampers or shock-absorbers working with both friction and a damping fluid
 F16F 13/00
Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs (F16F 5/00 takes precedence)
 F16F 13/02
·  damping by frictional contact between the spring and braking means (frictionally coacting wound springs F16F 3/06)
 F16F 13/04
·  comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper  [6]
 F16F 13/06
·  ·  the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F 13/26 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/08
·  ·  ·  the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F 13/20-F16F 13/24 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/10
·  ·  ·  ·  the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like (F16F 13/12-F16F 13/18 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Single chamber dampers (F16F 13/14 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/14
·  ·  ·  ·  Units of the bushing type  [6]
 F16F 13/16
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  specially adapted for receiving axial loads  [6]
 F16F 13/18
·  ·  ·  ·  characterised by the location or the shape of the equilibration chamber, e.g. the equilibration chamber surrounding the plastics spring or being annular (F16F 13/14 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/20
·  ·  ·  characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring (F16F 13/22 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/22
·  ·  ·  characterised by comprising also a dynamic damper (dampers using inertia effect per se F16F 7/10)  [6]
 F16F 13/24
·  ·  ·  the central part of the unit being supported by one element and both extremities of the unit being supported by a single other element, i.e. double acting mounting  [6]
 F16F 13/26
·  ·  characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions  [6]
 F16F 13/28
·  ·  ·  specially adapted for units of the bushing type (F16F 13/30 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/30
·  ·  ·  comprising means for varying fluid viscosity, e.g. of magnetic or electrorheological fluids  [6]
 F16F 15/00 - 
F16F 15/00

Note(s)

In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups F16F 101/00 or F16F 103/00. The indexing codes should be unlinked.  [6]

 F16F 15/00
Suppression of vibrations in systems (vehicle seat suspension devices B60N 2/50); Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion (testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures G01M 1/00)
 F16F 15/02
·  Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system (layered products B32B; suppression of vibration in ships B63)
 F16F 15/023
·  ·  using fluid means  [6]
 F16F 15/027
·  ·  ·  comprising control arrangements  [6]
 F16F 15/03
·  ·  using electromagnetic means (F16F 9/53 takes precedence)  [5]
 F16F 15/04
·  ·  using elastic means (single elements or their attachment F16F 1/00-F16F 13/00)  [2]
 F16F 15/06
·  ·  ·  with metal springs (with rubber springs also F16F 15/08)
 F16F 15/067
·  ·  ·  ·  using only wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/073
·  ·  ·  ·  using only leaf springs  [6]
 F16F 15/08
·  ·  ·  with rubber springs
 F16F 15/10
·  Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system (by balancing F16F 15/22; with flywheels acting variably or intermittently F16H)
 F16F 15/12
·  ·  using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon (F16F 15/16 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/121
·  ·  ·  using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs (F16F 15/131 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/123
·  ·  ·  ·  Wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/124
·  ·  ·  ·  Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F 15/123 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/126
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  consisting of at least one annular element surrounding the axis of rotation  [6]
 F16F 15/127
·  ·  ·  ·  using plastics springs combined with other types of springs  [6]
 F16F 15/129
·  ·  ·  characterised by friction-damping means (F16F 15/131 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/131
·  ·  ·  the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses  [6]
 F16F 15/133
·  ·  ·  ·  using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs  [6]
 F16F 15/134
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/136
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F 15/134 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/137
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the elastic members consisting of two or more springs of different types  [6]
 F16F 15/139
·  ·  ·  ·  characterised by friction-damping means  [6]
 F16F 15/14
·  ·  using freely-swinging masses rotating with the system
 F16F 15/16
·  ·  using a fluid (devices connecting input and output members F16D)
 F16F 15/167
·  ·  ·  having an inertia member, e.g. ring  [6]
 F16F 15/173
·  ·  ·  ·  provided within a closed housing  [6]
 F16F 15/18
·  ·  using electric means (dynamo-electric devices H02K)
 F16F 15/20
·  Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by favourable grouping or relative arrangement of the moving members of the system or systems
 F16F 15/22
·  Compensation of inertia forces
 F16F 15/24
·  ·  of crankshaft systems by particular disposition of cranks, pistons, or the like
 F16F 15/26
·  ·  of crankshaft systems using solid masses, other than the ordinary pistons, moving with the system
 F16F 15/28
·  Counterweights; Attaching or mounting same (for roll-type closures E06B 9/62)
 F16F 15/30
·  Flywheels (F16F 15/16 takes precedence; suppression of vibrations in rotating systems using elastic members or friction-damping members moving with the system F16F 15/12; rotary-body aspects in general F16C 13/00, F16C 15/00)  [6]
 F16F 15/305
·  ·  made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics (FRP)  [6]
 F16F 15/31
·  ·  characterised by means for varying the moment of inertia  [6]
 F16F 15/315
·  ·  characterised by their supporting arrangement, e.g. mountings, cages, securing inertia member to shaft (F16F 15/31 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/32
·  Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels  [2,5]
 F16F 15/34
·  ·  Fastening arrangements therefor  [5]
 F16F 15/36
·  ·  operating automatically  [5]
 F16F 101/00 - 
F16F 103/00
Indexing scheme associated with group F16F 15/00, relating to the arrangement of two or more gyratory masses. The indexing codes should be unlinked.  [6]
 F16F 101/00 - 
F16F 103/00

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code.  [6]

 F16F 101/00
Serial arrangement of gyratory masses  [6]
 F16F 103/00
Parallel arrangement of gyratory masses  [6]