G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G05
CONTROLLING; REGULATING
 G05

Note(s)

  1. This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling, in general.
  2. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation;
    • "regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control;
    • "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation".
  3. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".
 G05D
SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES (for continuous casting of metals B22D 11/16; valves per se F16K; sensing non-electric variables, see the relevant subclasses of G01; for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F)
 G05D

Note(s)

  1. This subclass does not cover features of general applicability to regulating systems, e.g. anti-hunting arrangements, which are covered by subclass G05B.
  2. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "systems" includes self-contained devices such as speed governors, pressure regulators.
  3. Control systems specially adapted for particular apparatus, machines or processes are classified in the subclasses for the apparatus, machines or processes, provided that there is specific provision for control or regulation relevant to the special adaptation, either at a detailed level (e.g. A21B 1/40: "for regulating temperature in bakers' ovens") or at a general level (e.g. B23K 9/095: "for automatic control of welding parameters in arc welding"). Otherwise, classification is made in the most appropriate place in this subclass.

    The following are lists of places where there is specific provision of the kind referred to above. Where such provision is at a detailed level, the places have been grouped according to the main groups of this subclass. Where the provision is at a general level (e.g. of a kind appropriate to more than one of the main groups specified in the lists, or to main groups G05D 27/00 or G05D 29/00), the places are listed under the title "General References".

    Places related to G05D 1/00
    A01B 69/00Agricultural machines or implements 
    A63H 17/36Toy vehicles 
    B60V 1/11Air-cushion vehicles 
    B62D 1/00Steering controls of motor vehicles or trailers, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction 
    B62D 6/00Arrangements for automatically controlling the steering depending on driving conditions 
    B62D 55/116Chassis of endless-tracked vehicles 
    B63H 25/00Marine steering; control of waterborne vessels 
    B64C 13/00 to 
    B64C 15/00Controlling aircraft 
    B64D 25/11Controlling attitude or direction of aircraft ejector seats 
    B64G 1/24Cosmonautic vehicles 
    F41G 7/00Self-propelled missiles 
    F42B 15/01Guided missiles 
    F42B 19/01Marine torpedoes 

    Places related to G05D 3/00
    A43D 119/00Footwear manufacture 
    B21K 31/00Tool carriers in forging or pressing 
    B23B 39/26Pattern-controlled boring or drilling tools 
    B23D 1/30, 
    B23D 3/06, 
    B23D 5/04Planing or slotting machines controlled by copying device 
    B23H 7/18Electrode to workpiece spacing in electric discharge and electrochemical machining 
    B23K 26/02Workpiece in laser welding or cutting 
    B23K 37/04Workpiece in welding 
    B23K 37/06Molten metal in welding 
    B23Q 5/20Spindles in machine tools 
    B23Q 15/00, 
    B23Q 16/00Tool or work position in machine tools 
    B23Q 35/00Tools controlled by pattern or master model 
    B24B 17/00Grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tape or the like 
    B24B 47/22Starting position in grinding 
    B30B 15/24Actuating members in presses 
    B62D 55/116Chassis of tracked vehicles 
    B65H 23/18Web-advancing mechanisms 
    E02F 3/43Dippers or buckets in dredgers 
    F15B 9/00Fluid-pressure servomotors with follow-up action 
    F24J 2/38Tracking of solar heat collectors 
    G03F 9/00Photomechanical production of patterned or textured surfaces 
    G11B 5/588Rotating heads in information storage systems 
    G21C 7/12Movement of control elements in nuclear reactors 

    Places related to G05D 5/00
    A24B 7/14Tobacco cutting 
    B05C 11/02Thickness of coating of fluent material on surface 
    B21B 37/16Thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions of the products of metal-rolling mills 
    C03B 18/04Dimension of glass ribbon 
    D21F 7/06Thickness of layer in paper making 

    Places related to G05D 7/00
    A45D 20/26Air in hair drying helmets 
    A61M 5/168Flow of media to the human body 
    B03C 3/36Gases or vapour in electrostatic separators 
    B05C 11/10Fluent material in coating devices 
    B67D 1/12Dispensing beverages on draught 
    B67D 5/28Transferring liquids 
    C10K 1/28Gas purifiers 
    E21B 21/08Flushing boreholes 
    E21B 43/12Obtaining liquids from wells 
    F01D 17/00Flow in non-positive-displacement machines or systems 
    F01M 1/16Lubrication arrangements 
    F01P 7/00Coolant flow in cooling devices 
    F02C 9/16, 
    F02C 9/50Gas-turbine working fluid 
    F16L 55/027Throttle passages in pipes 
    F24F 11/00Air-flow or supply of heating or cooling fluids in air treatment arrangements 
    F26B 21/12Air or gas flow in dryers 
    G01G 11/08Continuous flow weighing apparatus 
    G21D 3/14Coolant in nuclear power plant 

    Places related to G05D 9/00
    B01D 21/34Liquid level in sedimentation arrangements 
    B41L 27/04Ink level in printing, manifolding or duplicating arrangements 
    F22D 5/00Feed water for boilers 
    H01J 1/10, 
    H01J 13/14Liquid pool electrodes in electric discharge tubes or lamps 

    Places related to G05D 11/00
    B01D 21/32Density in sedimentation arrangements 
    B01F 15/04Mixers 
    B24C 7/00Abrasive blasts 
    B28C 7/00Mixtures of clays or cements 
    B65G 53/66Bulk material conveyers 
    F02K 3/075Flow ratio in jet-propulsion plants 

    Places related to G05D 13/00
    B21C 1/12Drum speed in metal drawing 
    B23Q 15/00Cutting velocity of tool or work 
    B30B 15/20Ram speed in presses 
    B60K 31/00Setting or limiting speed of vehicles 
    B60L 15/00Electrically-propelled vehicles 
    B64D 31/08Cruising speed of aircraft 
    D01D 1/09Feed rate in manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons 
    D01G 15/36Carding machines 
    D02H 13/14Warping, beaming or leasing machines 
    D03D 51/16Cyclically varying speed of looms 
    G01N 30/32Speed of fluid carrier in chemical analysis 
    G11B 15/46Filamentary or web record carriers or heads for such carriers in information storage systems 
    G11B 19/28Non-filamentary, non-web record carriers, or heads for such carriers in information storage systems 

    Places related to G05D 15/00
    B25D 9/26Portable percussive tools 
    B30B 15/22Ram pressure in presses 
    B65H 59/00Tension in filamentary material 
    B65H 77/00Tension in webs, tapes, filamentary material 
    B66D 1/50Rope, cable or chain tension 
    D03D 49/04Tension in looms 
    D05B 47/04Tension in sewing machines 
    D21F 3/06Pressure in paper-making machines 
    F26B 13/12Drying fabrics 
    F26B 21/10Pressure in dryers 
    G11B 15/43Record carrier tension in information storage arrangements 

    Places related to G05D 16/00
    B60C 23/00Tyre pressure 
    B63C 11/08Air within diving suit 
    B64D 13/00Aircraft air-pressure 
    B65G 53/66Bulk material conveyers 
    D01D 1/09Manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons 
    E21B 21/08Flushing boreholes 
    F01M 1/16Lubrication arrangements 
    G01N 30/32Pressure of fluid carrier in chemical analysis 
    H01J 7/14Pressure in electric discharge tubes or lamps 
    H01K 1/52Pressure in electric incandescent lamps 

    Places related to G05D 19/00
    B25D 9/26Portable percussion tools 
    B65G 27/32Jigging conveyers 

    Places related to G05D 21/00
    B01D 21/32Density in sedimentation arrangements 
    B01D 53/30Treating gases or vapours 
    G01N 30/34Composition of fluid carrier in chemical analysis 

    Places related to G05D 22/00
    A01G 25/16Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like 
    A01K 41/04Poultry incubators 
    A24B 9/00Tobacco products 
    F24F 11/00Air conditioning 
    F26B 21/08Dryers 

    Places related to G05D 23/00
    A21B 1/40Bakers' ovens 
    A45D 6/20Hair curlers 
    B21C 31/00Metal extruding 
    B60C 23/00Tyre temperature 
    B64G 1/50Cosmonautic vehicles 
    C03B 18/18, 
    C03B 18/22Float baths in glass making 
    D01D 1/09Manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons 
    D04B 35/30Knitting machines 
    D06F 75/26Hand irons 
    D21F 5/06Paper-making machines 
    F01M 5/00Lubricant in lubrication arrangements 
    F16N 7/08Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a reservoir 
    F22G 5/00Steam superheat 
    F26B 21/10Dryers 
    G01N 30/30Temperature of fluid carrier in chemical analysis 
    H01M 10/50Electric storage cells 
    H05B 6/06, 
    H05B 6/50, 
    H05B 6/68Dielectric, induction or microwave heating 
    H05G 1/36Anode of X-ray tube 

    Places related to G05D 25/00
    B41B 21/08Photographic composing machines 
    H01S 3/10, 
    H05B 33/08, 
    H05B 35/00 to 
    H05B 43/00Lasers and other light sources 

    General references
    A01D 41/127Combines  [7] 
    A01J 5/007Milking machines 
    B23K 9/095Welding parameters 
    B23Q 35/00Copying 
    B24B 17/00, 
    B24B 49/00Grinding or polishing 
    B24C 7/00Abrasive blasts 
    B67D 1/12Dispensing beverages on draught 
    F23C 10/28Fluidised bed combustion apparatus  [7] 
    G03G 21/20Electrographic, electrophotographic or magnetographic processes 
    H02P 5/00 to 
    H02P 9/00Dynamo-electric motors or generators 

 G05D
Subclass index
CONTROL OF: SPEED OR ACCELERATION; FORCE; PRESSURE; POWER; MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS 13/00; 15/00; 16/00; 17/00; 19/00
CONTROL OF: FLOW; LEVEL; RATIO 7/00; 9/00; 11/00
CONTROL OF: TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; VISCOSITY; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL VARIABLES; LIGHT INTENSITY 23/00; 22/00; 24/00; 21/00; 25/00
CONTROL OF: POSITION, DIRECTION, DIMENSIONS 1/00 - 5/00
SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL OF TWO OR MORE VARIABLES 27/00, 29/00
 G05D 1/00
Control of position, course, altitude, or attitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot (radio navigation systems or analogous systems using other waves G01S)
 G05D 1/02
·  Control of position or course in two dimensions  [2]
 G05D 1/03
·  ·  using near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive-loop type
 G05D 1/04
·  Control of altitude or depth
 G05D 1/06
·  ·  Rate of change of altitude or depth
 G05D 1/08
·  Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
 G05D 1/10
·  Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions (G05D 1/12 takes precedence)
 G05D 1/12
·  Target-seeking control
 G05D 3/00
Control of position or direction (G05D 1/00 takes precedence; for numerical control G05B 19/18)
 G05D 3/10
·  without using feedback  [3]
 G05D 3/12
·  using feedback  [3]
 G05D 3/14
·  ·  using an analogue comparing device  [3]
 G05D 3/16
·  ·  ·  whose output amplitude can only take a number of discrete values (G05D 3/18 takes precedence)  [3]
 G05D 3/18
·  ·  ·  delivering a series of pulses  [3]
 G05D 3/20
·  ·  using a digital comparing device  [3]
 G05D 5/00
Control of dimensions of material
 G05D 5/02
·  of thickness, e.g. of rolled material
 G05D 5/03
·  ·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 5/04
·  of the size of items, e.g. of particles
 G05D 5/06
·  ·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 7/00
Control of flow (level control G05D 9/00; ratio control G05D 11/00; weighing apparatus G01G)
 G05D 7/01
·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 7/03
·  with auxiliary non-electric power  [2]
 G05D 7/06
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 9/00
Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel
 G05D 9/02
·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 9/04
·  with auxiliary non-electric power  [2]
 G05D 9/12
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 11/00
Ratio control (control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value, G05D 21/00; humidity control G05D 22/00; control of viscosity G05D 24/00)  [3]
 G05D 11/02
·  Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
 G05D 11/03
·  ·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 11/035
·  ·  with auxiliary non-electric power  [2]
 G05D 11/04
·  ·  ·  by sensing weight of individual components, e.g. gravimetric procedure
 G05D 11/06
·  ·  ·  by sensing density of mixture, e.g. using aerometer
 G05D 11/08
·  ·  ·  by sensing concentration of mixture, e.g. by measuring pH-value  [3]
 G05D 11/10
·  ·  ·  ·  by sensing moisture of non-aqueous liquids
 G05D 11/12
·  ·  ·  by sensing viscosity of mixture
 G05D 11/13
·  ·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 11/16
·  Controlling mixing ratio of fluids having different temperatures, e.g. by sensing the temperature of a mixture of fluids having different viscosities
 G05D 13/00
Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover (synchronising telegraph receiver and transmitter H04L 7/00)
 G05D 13/02
·  Details
 G05D 13/04
·  ·  providing for emergency tripping of an engine in case of exceeding maximum speed
 G05D 13/06
·  ·  providing for damping of erratic vibrations in governors
 G05D 13/08
·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 13/10
·  ·  Centrifugal governors with fly-weights
 G05D 13/12
·  ·  ·  Details
 G05D 13/14
·  ·  ·  ·  Fly-weights; Mountings thereof; Adjusting equipment for limits, e.g. temporarily
 G05D 13/16
·  ·  ·  ·  Risers; Transmission gear therefor; Restoring mechanisms therefor
 G05D 13/18
·  ·  ·  counterbalanced by spider springs acting immediately upon the fly-weights
 G05D 13/20
·  ·  ·  counterbalanced by spider springs acting upon the articulated riser
 G05D 13/22
·  ·  ·  counterbalanced by fluid pressure acting upon the articulated riser
 G05D 13/24
·  ·  ·  counterbalanced by two or more different appliances acting simultaneously upon the riser, e.g. with both spring force and fluid pressure, with both spring force and electromagnetic force
 G05D 13/26
·  ·  ·  with provision for modulating the degree of non-uniformity of speed
 G05D 13/28
·  ·  ·  with provision for performing braking effects in case of increased speed
 G05D 13/30
·  ·  Governors characterised by fluid features in which the speed of a shaft is converted into fluid pressure (transducers converting variations of physical quantities into fluid-pressure variations F15B 5/00)
 G05D 13/32
·  ·  ·  using a pump
 G05D 13/34
·  with auxiliary non-electric power (fluid-pressure converters F15B 3/00)  [2]
 G05D 13/36
·  ·  using regulating devices with proportional band, i.e. P. regulating devices
 G05D 13/38
·  ·  ·  involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type
 G05D 13/40
·  ·  ·  involving centrifugal governors of pump type
 G05D 13/42
·  ·  ·  involving fluid governors of flow-controller type, i.e. the width of liquid flow being controlled by fly-weights
 G05D 13/44
·  ·  ·  involving fluid governors of jet type
 G05D 13/46
·  ·  using regulating devices with proportional band and integral action, i.e. P.I. regulating devices
 G05D 13/48
·  ·  ·  involving resilient restoring mechanisms
 G05D 13/50
·  ·  ·  involving connecting means for superimposing a proportional regulating device and an integral regulating device
 G05D 13/52
·  ·  using regulating devices with proportional band and derivative action, i.e. P.D. regulating devices
 G05D 13/54
·  ·  ·  involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type exerting an acceleratory effect
 G05D 13/56
·  ·  ·  involving restoring mechanisms exerting a delay effect
 G05D 13/58
·  ·  ·  involving means for connecting a speed- regulating device and an acceleration- regulating device
 G05D 13/60
·  ·  using regulating devices with proportional band, derivative, and integral action, i.e. P.I.D. regulating devices
 G05D 13/62
·  characterised by the use of electric means, e.g. use of a tachometric dynamo, use of a transducer converting an electric value into a displacement
 G05D 13/64
·  Compensating the speed difference between engines meshing by a differential gearing or the speed difference between a controlling shaft and a controlled shaft
 G05D 13/66
·  Governor units providing for co-operation with control dependent upon a variable other than speed
 G05D 15/00
Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure
 G05D 15/01
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 16/00
Control of fluid pressure
 G05D 16/02
·  Modifications to reduce the effects of instability, e.g. due to vibrations, friction, abnormal temperature, overloading, unbalance (vibration-dampers F16F 7/00)
 G05D 16/04
·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 16/06
·  ·  the sensing element being a flexible member yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule
 G05D 16/08
·  ·  ·  Control of liquid pressure
 G05D 16/10
·  ·  the sensing element being a piston or plunger
 G05D 16/12
·  ·  the sensing element being a float
 G05D 16/14
·  with auxiliary non-electric power  [2]
 G05D 16/16
·  ·  derived from the controlled fluid
 G05D 16/18
·  ·  derived from an external source
 G05D 16/20
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 17/00
Control of torque; Control of mechanical power
 G05D 17/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 19/00
Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency, of phase
 G05D 19/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 21/00
Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value  [3]
 G05D 21/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 22/00
Control of humidity  [2]
 G05D 22/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 23/00
Control of temperature (automatic switching arrangements for electric heating apparatus H05B 1/02)
 G05D 23/01
·  without auxiliary power
 G05D 23/02
·  ·  with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature (G05D 23/13 takes precedence)
 G05D 23/08
·  ·  ·  with bimetallic element (arrangement of valves and flow lines specially adapted for mixing fluid F16K 11/00)
 G05D 23/10
·  ·  ·  ·  with snap-action elements (for valves F16K 31/56)
 G05D 23/12
·  ·  with sensing element responsive to pressure or volume changes in a confined fluid
 G05D 23/13
·  ·  by varying the mixing ratio of two fluids having different temperatures
 G05D 23/185
·  with auxiliary non-electric power  [2]
 G05D 23/19
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 23/20
·  ·  with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature (G05D 23/13 takes precedence)
 G05D 23/22
·  ·  ·  the sensing element being a thermocouple
 G05D 23/24
·  ·  ·  the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
 G05D 23/26
·  ·  ·  the sensing element having a permeability varying with temperature
 G05D 23/27
·  ·  with sensing element responsive to radiation
 G05D 23/275
·  ·  with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature
 G05D 23/30
·  ·  Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature (automatic controllers in general and not restricted to control of temperature G05B)
 G05D 23/32
·  ·  ·  with provision for adjustment of the effect of the auxiliary heating device, e.g. as a function of time
 G05D 24/00
Control of viscosity
 G05D 24/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 25/00
Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour, phase (mechanically operable parts of lighting devices for the control of light F21V; optical devices or arrangements using movable or deformable elements for controlling light independent of the light source G02B 26/00; devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or arrangements for the control of light, circuit arrangements specially adapted therefor, control of light by electro-magnetic waves, electrons or other elementary particles G02F 1/00)  [4]
 G05D 25/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 27/00
Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of the preceding main groups
 G05D 27/02
·  characterised by the use of electric means
 G05D 29/00
Simultaneous control of electric and non-electric variables