B
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  
SHAPING
 B22
CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
 B22D
CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES (shaping of plastics or substances in a plastic state B29C; metallurgical processing, selection of substances to be added to metal C21, C22)
 B22D

Note(s)

In this subclass, any material to be cast is referred to as metal.

 B22D
Subclass index
PRELIMINARY TREATMENTS 1/00
INDICATING OR MEASURING 2/00
GENERAL CASTING PROCESSES; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
Centrifugal casting 13/00
Pressure die casting or injection die casting 17/00
Pressure casting, vacuum casting 18/00
Other processes 15/00, 23/00
CASTING CHARACTERISED BY THE PRODUCTS
Pig casting 3/00, 5/00
Ingot casting 7/00, 9/00
Continuous casting 11/00
Casting in, on, or around objects 19/00
Casting for other specified purposes 25/00
CASTING PARTICULAR METALS 21/00
AFTER-TREATMENTS
Of non-solidified metal 27/00
Removing from moulds 29/00
Cooling 30/00
Cutting-off surplus material 31/00
OTHER EQUIPMENT
For handling, for supplying 29/00, 33/00, 35/00, 37/00, 39/00, 41/00
For cleaning 43/00
For other purposes 45/00
CONTROLLING OR SUPERVISING 46/00
CASTING PLANTS 47/00
 B22D 1/00
Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting (features relating to gas injection, provided on closures of the sliding-gate type B22D 41/42, provided on pouring-nozzles B22D 41/58)
 B22D 2/00
Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass  [3]
 B22D 3/00 - 
B22D 5/00
Casting of pigs, i.e. metal castings suitable for subsequent melting; Similar casting
 B22D 3/00
Pig or like casting (equipment for conveying molten metal B22D 35/00)
 B22D 3/02
·  Moulding of beds
 B22D 5/00
Machines or plants for pig or like casting
 B22D 5/02
·  with rotary casting tables
 B22D 5/04
·  with endless casting conveyers
 B22D 7/00 - 
B22D 9/00
Casting of ingots, i.e. metal castings suitable for subsequent rolling or forging
 B22D 7/00
Casting ingots (equipment for conveying molten metal B22D 35/00)
 B22D 7/02
·  Casting compound ingots of two or more different metals in the molten state, i.e. integrally cast
 B22D 7/04
·  Casting hollow ingots
 B22D 7/06
·  Ingot moulds or their manufacture
 B22D 7/08
·  ·  Divided ingot moulds
 B22D 7/10
·  ·  Hot tops therefor
 B22D 7/12
·  Accessories, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
 B22D 9/00
Machines or plants for casting ingots
 B22D 11/00 - 
B22D 27/00
Particular casting processes; Machines or apparatus therefor
 B22D 11/00
Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths (metal drawing, metal extruding B21C)
 B22D 11/01
·  without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces  [2]
 B22D 11/04
·  into open-ended moulds (B22D 11/06, B22D 11/07 take precedence; plants for continuous casting, e.g. for upwardly drawing the strand, B22D 11/14)  [3]
 B22D 11/041
·  ·  for vertical casting (B22D 11/043, B22D 11/049-B22D 11/059 take precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/043
·  ·  Curved moulds (B22D 11/049-B22D 11/059 take precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/045
·  ·  for horizontal casting (B22D 11/049-B22D 11/059 take precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/047
·  ·  ·  Means for joining tundish to mould  [7]
 B22D 11/049
·  ·  for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting  [7]
 B22D 11/05
·  ·  into moulds having adjustable walls  [7]
 B22D 11/051
·  ·  into moulds having oscillating walls  [7]
 B22D 11/053
·  ·  Means for oscillating the moulds  [7]
 B22D 11/055
·  ·  Cooling the moulds  [7]
 B22D 11/057
·  ·  Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds  [7]
 B22D 11/059
·  ·  Mould materials or platings  [7]
 B22D 11/06
·  into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars (B22D 11/07 takes precedence)  [3]
 B22D 11/07
·  Lubricating the moulds  [3]
 B22D 11/08
·  Accessories for starting the casting procedure
 B22D 11/10
·  Supplying or treating molten metal (B22D 41/00 takes precedence)  [1,7]
 B22D 11/103
·  ·  Distributing the molten metal, e.g. using runners, floats, distributors  [7]
 B22D 11/106
·  ·  Shielding the molten jet  [7]
 B22D 11/108
·  ·  Feeding additives, powders, or the like  [7]
 B22D 11/11
·  ·  Treating the molten metal  [7]
 B22D 11/111
·  ·  ·  by using protecting powders  [7]
 B22D 11/112
·  ·  ·  by accelerated cooling  [7]
 B22D 11/113
·  ·  ·  by vacuum treating  [7]
 B22D 11/114
·  ·  ·  by using agitating or vibrating means (B22D 11/117 takes precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/115
·  ·  ·  ·  by using magnetic fields  [7]
 B22D 11/116
·  ·  ·  Refining the metal  [7]
 B22D 11/117
·  ·  ·  ·  by treating with gases (B22D 11/118, B22D 11/119 take precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/118
·  ·  ·  ·  by circulating the metal under, over or around weirs (B22D 11/119 takes precedence)  [7]
 B22D 11/119
·  ·  ·  ·  by filtering  [7]
 B22D 11/12
·  Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ (rolling immediately subsequent to continuous casting B21B 1/46, B21B 13/22)  [3]
 B22D 11/124
·  ·  for cooling  [2]
 B22D 11/126
·  ·  for cutting  [2]
 B22D 11/128
·  ·  for removing  [2]
 B22D 11/14
·  Plants for continuous casting, e.g. for upwardly drawing the strand
 B22D 11/16
·  Controlling or regulating processes or operations  [2]
 B22D 11/18
·  ·  for pouring (B22D 11/20 takes precedence)  [4]
 B22D 11/20
·  ·  for removing cast stock  [4]
 B22D 11/22
·  ·  for cooling cast stock or mould  [4]
 B22D 13/00
Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
 B22D 13/02
·  of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
 B22D 13/04
·  of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry
 B22D 13/06
·  of solid or hollow bodies in moulds rotating around an axis arranged outside of the mould
 B22D 13/08
·  in which a stationary mould is fed from a rotating mass of liquid metal
 B22D 13/10
·  Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings (making or lining moulds B22C)
 B22D 13/12
·  Controlling, supervising, specially adapted to centrifugal casting, e.g. for safety reasons  [3]
 B22D 15/00
Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor (continuous casting of metals into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting B22D 11/049)  [1,7]
 B22D 15/02
·  of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
 B22D 15/04
·  Machines or apparatus for chill casting (B22D 15/02 takes precedence)
 B22D 17/00
Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure  [3]
 B22D 17/02
·  Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted
 B22D 17/04
·  ·  Plunger machines
 B22D 17/06
·  ·  Air injection machines
 B22D 17/08
·  Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
 B22D 17/10
·  ·  with horizontal press motion
 B22D 17/12
·  ·  with vertical press motion
 B22D 17/14
·  Machines with evacuated die cavity
 B22D 17/16
·  specially adapted for casting slide fasteners or elements therefor
 B22D 17/18
·  Machines built up from units providing for different combinations
 B22D 17/20
·  Accessories; Details
 B22D 17/22
·  ·  Dies (manufacture, see the appropriate class, e.g. B23P 15/24); Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
 B22D 17/24
·  ·  ·  Accessories for locating and holding cores or inserts
 B22D 17/26
·  ·  Mechanisms or devices for locking or opening dies
 B22D 17/28
·  ·  Melting pots
 B22D 17/30
·  ·  Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations
 B22D 17/32
·  ·  Controlling equipment
 B22D 18/00
Pressure casting; Vacuum casting (B22D 17/00 takes precedence; treating the metal in the mould by using pressure or vacuum B22D 27/00)  [3]
 B22D 18/02
·  Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressing devices, e.g. cast-forging (B22D 18/04 takes precedence)  [3]
 B22D 18/04
·  Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould  [3]
 B22D 18/06
·  Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould  [3]
 B22D 18/08
·  Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons  [3]
 B22D 19/00
Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product (B22D 23/04 takes precedence; alumino-thermic welding B23K 23/00; coating by casting molten material on the substrate C23C 6/00)
 B22D 19/02
·  for making reinforced articles (B22D 19/14 takes precedence)  [3]
 B22D 19/04
·  for joining parts
 B22D 19/06
·  for manufacturing or repairing tools
 B22D 19/08
·  for building up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
 B22D 19/10
·  Repairing defective or damaged objects by metal casting techniques (by other techniques B23P 6/04)
 B22D 19/12
·  for making objects, e.g. hinges, with parts which are movable relatively to one another
 B22D 19/14
·  the objects being filamentary or particulate in form (making alloys containing fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal C22C 47/08)  [3]
 B22D 19/16
·  for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills (casting compound ingots B22D 7/02)  [3]
 B22D 21/00
Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
 B22D 21/02
·  Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere (apparatus for vacuum casting B22D 18/00; use of inert atmosphere in casting metals in general B22D 23/00)
 B22D 21/04
·  ·  Casting aluminium or magnesium
 B22D 21/06
·  Casting non-ferrous metals with a high melting-point, e.g. metallic carbides (B22D 21/02 takes precedence)
 B22D 23/00
Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D 1/00-B22D 21/00 (making metallic powder by casting B22F 9/08; alumino-thermic welding B23K 23/00; remelting metals C22B 9/16)
 B22D 23/02
·  Top casting
 B22D 23/04
·  Casting by dipping (hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape C23C 2/00)
 B22D 23/06
·  Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
 B22D 23/10
·  ·  Electroslag casting  [5]
 B22D 25/00
Special casting characterised by the nature of the product (B22D 15/02, B22D 17/16, B22D 19/00 take precedence; casting stereotype plates B41D 3/00)  [2]
 B22D 25/02
·  by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
 B22D 25/04
·  ·  Casting metal electric battery plates or the like (manufacture thereof by multi-step processes H01M 4/82)  [2]
 B22D 25/06
·  by its physical properties (B22D 27/00 takes precedence)
 B22D 25/08
·  ·  by uniform hardness (B22D 15/00 takes precedence)
 B22D 27/00
Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile (B22D 7/12, B22D 11/10, B22D 18/00, B22D 43/00 take precedence)  [3]
 B22D 27/02
·  Use of electric or magnetic effects
 B22D 27/04
·  Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould (cooling of open-ended moulds in continuous casting B22D 11/055)  [1,7]
 B22D 27/06
·  ·  Heating the top discard of ingots (hot tops for ingot moulds B22D 7/10)
 B22D 27/08
·  Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds (B22D 11/051, B22D 11/053 take precedence)  [1,7]
 B22D 27/09
·  by using pressure  [3]
 B22D 27/11
·  ·  making use of mechanical pressing devices  [3]
 B22D 27/13
·  ·  making use of gas pressure  [3]
 B22D 27/15
·  by using vacuum  [3]
 B22D 27/18
·  Measures for using chemical processes for influencing the surface composition of castings, e.g. for increasing resistance to acid attack
 B22D 27/20
·  Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
 B22D 29/00 - 
B22D 31/00
Final measures after casting (cleaning of castings by sand-blasting B24C)
 B22D 29/00
Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots  [2]
 B22D 29/02
·  Vibratory apparatus specially designed for shaking out flasks
 B22D 29/04
·  Handling or stripping castings or ingots (grippers in general, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B66C)
 B22D 29/06
·  ·  Strippers actuated by fluid pressure
 B22D 29/08
·  ·  Strippers actuated mechanically  [2]
 B22D 30/00
Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group (accessories for cooling cast stock in continuous casting of metals B22D 11/124; controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould in continuous casting of metals B22D 11/22; chill casting B22D 15/00)  [5]
 B22D 31/00
Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates
 B22D 33/00 - 
B22D 45/00
Other equipment for casting (arrangement of indicating or measuring devices B22D 2/00)  [3]
 B22D 33/00
Equipment for handling moulds
 B22D 33/02
·  Turning or transposing moulds
 B22D 33/04
·  Bringing together or separating moulds
 B22D 33/06
·  Burdening or relieving moulds
 B22D 35/00
Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds (B22D 37/00-B22D 41/00 take precedence; specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups)
 B22D 35/02
·  into beds
 B22D 35/04
·  into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
 B22D 35/06
·  Heating or cooling equipment
 B22D 37/00
Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel (B22D 39/00, B22D 41/00 take precedence; specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups of this subclass)  [3,5]
 B22D 39/00
Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations (specially adapted to particular processes or machines, see the relevant groups of this subclass)
 B22D 39/02
·  having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume  [3]
 B22D 39/04
·  having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by weight  [3]
 B22D 39/06
·  having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by controlling the pressure above the molten metal  [3]
 B22D 41/00
Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like (B22D 39/00, B22D 43/00 take precedence)  [5]
 B22D 41/005
·  with heating or cooling means  [5]
 B22D 41/01
·  ·  Heating means  [5]
 B22D 41/015
·  ·  ·  with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle  [5]
 B22D 41/02
·  Linings
 B22D 41/04
·  tiltable
 B22D 41/05
·  ·  Tea-pot spout ladles  [5]
 B22D 41/06
·  Equipment for tilting
 B22D 41/08
·  for bottom pouring (B22D 41/14, B22D 41/50 take precedence)
 B22D 41/12
·  Travelling ladles or similar containers; Cars for ladles (casting cranes B66C)
 B22D 41/13
·  ·  Ladle turrets  [7]
 B22D 41/14
·  Closures  [5]
 B22D 41/16
·  ·  stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening  [5]
 B22D 41/18
·  ·  ·  Stopper-rods therefor  [5]
 B22D 41/20
·  ·  ·  Stopper-rod operating equipment  [5]
 B22D 41/22
·  ·  sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings  [5]
 B22D 41/24
·  ·  ·  characterised by a rectilinearly movable plate (B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence)  [5]
 B22D 41/26
·  ·  ·  characterised by a rotatively movable plate (B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence)  [5]
 B22D 41/28
·  ·  ·  Plates therefor (B22D 41/38-B22D 41/42 take precedence)  [5]
 B22D 41/30
·  ·  ·  ·  Manufacturing or repairing thereof  [5]
 B22D 41/32
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  characterised by the materials used therefor  [5]
 B22D 41/34
·  ·  ·  ·  Supporting, fixing or centering means therefor  [5]
 B22D 41/36
·  ·  ·  ·  Treating the plates, e.g. lubricating, heating (ladles, cups or the like with heating means B22D 41/01)  [5]
 B22D 41/38
·  ·  ·  Means for operating the sliding gate  [5]
 B22D 41/40
·  ·  ·  Means for pressing the plates together  [5]
 B22D 41/42
·  ·  ·  Features relating to gas injection  [5]
 B22D 41/44
·  ·  Consumable closure means, i.e. closure means being used only once  [5]
 B22D 41/46
·  ·  ·  Refractory plugging masses  [5]
 B22D 41/48
·  ·  ·  Meltable closures  [5]
 B22D 41/50
·  Pouring-nozzles  [5]
 B22D 41/52
·  ·  Manufacturing or repairing thereof  [5]
 B22D 41/54
·  ·  ·  characterised by the materials used therefor  [5]
 B22D 41/56
·  ·  Means for supporting, manipulating or changing a pouring-nozzle  [5]
 B22D 41/58
·  ·  with gas injecting means  [5]
 B22D 41/60
·  ·  with heating or cooling means  [5]
 B22D 41/62
·  ·  with stirring or vibrating means  [5]
 B22D 43/00
Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
 B22D 45/00
Equipment for casting, not otherwise provided for
   
 B22D 46/00
Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons  [3]
 B22D 47/00
Casting plants
 B22D 47/02
·  for both moulding and casting