G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G06
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games A63B 71/06, A63D 15/20, A63F 1/18; combinations of writing implements with computing devices B43K 29/08)
 G06

Note(s)

  1. This class covers:
    • simulators which are concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system;
    • simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the function of apparatus or of a system, if no provision exists elsewhere;
    • image data processing or generation.
  2. This class does not cover:
    • control functions derived from simulators, in general, which are covered by class G05, although such functions may be covered by the subclass of this class for the device controlled;
    • measurement or analysis of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator, which is covered by class G01;
    • simulators regarded as teaching or training devices which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Such simulators are covered by class G09;
    • components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclass for these devices or machines (and not by class G09).
  3. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "data" is used as the synonym of "information". Therefore, the term "information" is not used in subclass G06C or G06F;
    • "calculating" or "computing" includes, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form. Of these terms "computing" is used throughout the class;
    • "computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the term "calcul" will serve for either term;
    • "simulator" is a device which may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale. In interpreting this term models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators;
    • "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information.
  4. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".
 G06G
ANALOGUE COMPUTERS (analogue optical computing devices G06E 3/00; computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
 G06G 1/00
Hand-manipulated computing devices (planimeters G01B 5/26)
 G06G 1/02
·  Devices in which computing is effected by adding, subtracting, or comparing lengths of parallel or concentric graduated scales
 G06G 1/04
·  ·  characterised by construction (G06G 1/10 takes precedence)
 G06G 1/06
·  ·  ·  with rectilinear scales, e.g. slide rule
 G06G 1/08
·  ·  ·  with circular or helical scales
 G06G 1/10
·  ·  characterised by the graduation
 G06G 1/12
·  ·  ·  logarithmic graduations, e.g. for multiplication
 G06G 1/14
·  in which a straight or curved line has to be drawn from given points on one or more input scales to one or more points on a result scale
 G06G 1/16
·  in which a straight or curved line has to be drawn through related points on one or more families of curves
 G06G 3/00
Devices in which the computing operation is performed mechanically (G06G 1/00 takes precedence)
 G06G 3/02
·  for performing additions or subtractions, e.g. differential gearing
 G06G 3/04
·  for performing multiplications or divisions, e.g. variable-ratio gearing
 G06G 3/06
·  for evaluating functions by using cams and cam followers
 G06G 3/08
·  for integrating or differentiating, e.g. by wheel and disc
 G06G 3/10
·  for simulating specific processes, systems, or devices
 G06G 5/00
Devices in which the computing operation is performed by means of fluid-pressure elements (such elements in general F15C)
 G06G 7/00
Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities (neural networks for image data processing G06T)
 G06G 7/02
·  Details not covered by groups G06G 7/04-G06G 7/10
 G06G 7/04
·  Input or output devices (graph readers G06K 11/00; using function plotters, co-ordinate plotters G06K 15/22)
 G06G 7/06
·  Programming arrangements, e.g. plugboard for interconnecting functional units of the computer; Digital programming
 G06G 7/10
·  Power supply arrangements
 G06G 7/12
·  Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. amplifiers specially adapted therefor (amplifiers in general H03F)
 G06G 7/122
·  ·  for optimisation, e.g. least square fitting, linear programming, critical path analysis, gradient method  [2]
 G06G 7/14
·  ·  for addition or subtraction (of vector quantities G06G 7/22)
 G06G 7/16
·  ·  for multiplication or division
 G06G 7/161
·  ·  ·  with pulse modulation, e.g. modulation of amplitude, width, frequency, phase, or form  [2]
 G06G 7/162
·  ·  ·  using galvano-magnetic effects, e.g. Hall effect; using similar magnetic effects  [2]
 G06G 7/163
·  ·  ·  using a variable impedance controlled by one of the input signals, variable amplification or transfer function  [2]
 G06G 7/164
·  ·  ·  using means for evaluating powers, e.g. quarter square multiplier (evaluating powers G06G 7/20)  [3]
 G06G 7/18
·  ·  for integration or differentiation (G06G 7/19 takes precedence)  [3]
 G06G 7/182
·  ·  ·  using magnetic elements  [3]
 G06G 7/184
·  ·  ·  using capacitive elements  [3]
 G06G 7/186
·  ·  ·  ·  using an operational amplifier comprising a capacitor or a resistor in the feedback loop  [3]
 G06G 7/188
·  ·  ·  using electromechanical elements  [3]
 G06G 7/19
·  ·  for forming integrals of products, e.g. Fourier integrals, Laplace integrals, correlation integrals; for analysis or synthesis of functions using orthogonal functions (Fourier or spectrum analysis G01R 23/16; speech analysis or synthesis G10L)  [3]
 G06G 7/195
·  ·  ·  using electro-acoustic elements  [3]
 G06G 7/20
·  ·  for evaluating powers, roots, polynomes, mean square values, standard deviation (G06G 7/122, G06G 7/28 take precedence; gamma correction in television systems H04N 5/202, H04N 9/69)  [3]
 G06G 7/22
·  ·  for evaluating trigonometric functions; for conversion of co-ordinates; for computations involving vector quantities (trigonometric computations using simultaneous equations G06G 7/34)
 G06G 7/24
·  ·  for evaluating logarithmic or exponential functions, e.g. hyperbolic functions
 G06G 7/25
·  ·  for discontinuous functions, e.g. backlash, dead zone, limiting, absolute value, or peak value  [2]
 G06G 7/26
·  ·  Arbitrary function generators (using orthogonal functions, e.g. Fourier series, G06G 7/19; using curve follower G06K 11/02)
 G06G 7/28
·  ·  ·  for synthesising functions by piecewise approximation
 G06G 7/30
·  ·  for interpolation or extrapolation (G06G 7/122 takes precedence)  [2]
 G06G 7/32
·  ·  for solving of equations
 G06G 7/34
·  ·  ·  of simultaneous equations (G06G 7/122 takes precedence)  [2]
 G06G 7/36
·  ·  ·  of single equations of quadratic or higher degree (G06G 7/22, G06G 7/24 take precedence)
 G06G 7/38
·  ·  ·  of differential or integral equations
 G06G 7/40
·  ·  ·  ·  of partial differential equations (simulating specific devices G06G 7/48)
 G06G 7/42
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using electrolytic tank
 G06G 7/44
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using continuous medium, current-sensitive paper
 G06G 7/46
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using discontinuous medium, e.g. resistance network
 G06G 7/48
·  Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators  [2]
 G06G 7/50
·  ·  for distribution networks, e.g. for fluids (G06G 7/62 takes precedence)
 G06G 7/52
·  ·  for economic systems; for statistics (G06G 7/122, G06G 7/19, G06G 7/20 take precedence)  [3]
 G06G 7/54
·  ·  for nuclear physics, e.g. nuclear reactors, radioactive fallout
 G06G 7/56
·  ·  for heat flow (G06G 7/58 takes precedence)
 G06G 7/57
·  ·  for fluid flow (G06G 7/50 takes precedence)
 G06G 7/58
·  ·  for chemical processes (G06G 7/75 takes precedence)
 G06G 7/60
·  ·  for living beings, e.g. their nervous systems
 G06G 7/62
·  ·  for electric systems or apparatus
 G06G 7/625
·  ·  ·  for impedance networks, e.g. determining response, determining poles or zeros, determining the Nyquist diagram (measuring impedance G01R 27/00)  [2]
 G06G 7/63
·  ·  ·  for power apparatus, e.g. motors, or supply distribution networks  [2]
 G06G 7/635
·  ·  ·  ·  for determining the most economical distribution in power systems  [2]
 G06G 7/64
·  ·  for non-electric machines, e.g. turbine
 G06G 7/66
·  ·  for control systems
 G06G 7/68
·  ·  for civil-engineering structures, e.g. beam, strut, girder
 G06G 7/70
·  ·  for vehicles, e.g. to determine permissible loading of ships
 G06G 7/72
·  ·  ·  Flight simulators (Link trainers G09B 9/08)
 G06G 7/75
·  ·  for component analysis, e.g. of mixtures, of colours (G06G 7/122 takes precedence)  [2]
 G06G 7/76
·  ·  for traffic
 G06G 7/78
·  ·  for direction-finding, locating, distance or velocity measuring, or navigation systems
 G06G 7/80
·  ·  for gun-laying; for bomb aiming; for guiding missiles  [2]