In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
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In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (settling tanks, filtering, e.g. sand filters or screening devices, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D)
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms classified in this subclass are not further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12S. [5]
Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents [3]
Multistep treatment of water, waste water or sewage [3]
C02F 9/00
Note(s)
This group covers only those combined treating operations where the essential characteristic resides in the combination of treatment steps. [3]
This group does not cover treatments where the essential characteristic resides in an individual step of the treatment, which treatments are covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/00-C02F 7/00. An example of such treatments is a treatment in which the essential characteristic resides in a chemical treatment step and in which the one or more other steps, such as filtration or settlement, are conventional. [3]
In this group, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [7]
Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [7]
C02F 9/02
·
involving a separation step [7]
C02F 9/04
·
at least one step being a chemical treatment [7]
C02F 9/06
· ·
Electrochemical treatment [7]
C02F 9/08
·
at least one step being a physical treatment [7]
C02F 9/10
· ·
Thermal treatment [7]
C02F 9/12
· ·
Irradiation or treatment with electric or magnetic fields [7]
C02F 9/14
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at least one step being a biological treatment [7]
C02F 11/00
Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor [3]
C02F 11/02
·
Biological treatment [3]
C02F 11/04
· ·
Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes [3]
Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [7]
C02F 101/00
Nature of the contaminant [7]
C02F 101/10
·
Inorganic compounds [7]
C02F 101/12
· ·
Halogens or halogen-containing compounds [7]
C02F 101/14
· · ·
Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds [7]
C02F 101/16
· ·
Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia [7]
C02F 101/18
· · ·
Cyanides [7]
C02F 101/20
· ·
Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds [7]
C02F 101/22
· · ·
Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates [7]
Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [7]
C02F 103/00
Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated [7]
C02F 103/02
·
Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply [7]
C02F 103/04
· ·
for obtaining pure or ultra-pure water [7]
C02F 103/06
·
Contaminated groundwater or leachate [7]
C02F 103/08
·
Seawater, e.g. for desalination [7]
C02F 103/10
·
from quarries or from mining activities [7]
C02F 103/12
·
from the silicate or ceramic industries, e.g. waste waters from cement or glass factories [7]
C02F 103/14
·
Paint wastes [7]
C02F 103/16
·
from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes [7]
C02F 103/18
·
from the wet purification of gaseous effluents [7]
C02F 103/20
·
from animal husbandry [7]
C02F 103/22
·
from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof [7]
C02F 103/24
· ·
from tanneries [7]
C02F 103/26
·
from the processing of plants or parts thereof [7]
C02F 103/28
· ·
from the paper or cellulose industry [7]
C02F 103/30
·
from the textile industry [7]
C02F 103/32
·
from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters [7]