E
SECTION E — FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  
BUILDING
 E02
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL-SHIFTING
 E02D
FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS (specially adapted for hydraulic engineering E02B); UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES  [6]
 E02D

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers underground structures made by foundation engineering, i.e. involving disturbance of the ground surface.  [6]
  2. This subclass does not cover underground spaces, made by underground mining methods only, i.e. not involving disturbance of the ground surface, which are covered by subclass E21D.  [6]
 E02D
Subclass index
INVESTIGATING, IMPROVING OR PRESERVING FOUNDATION SOIL OR ROCK 1/00, 3/00
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES THEREFOR
Structural elements 5/00
Placing; removing; placing and removing; accessories 7/00; 9/00; 11/00; 13/00
HANDLING MATERIALS 15/00
EXCAVATIONS, MAKING EMBANKMENTS 17/00
KEEPING DRY FOUNDATION SITES 19/00
CAISSONS 23/00, 25/00
FOUNDATIONS AS SUBSTRUCTURES; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES, RETAINING WALLS 27/00; 29/00
PROTECTING, TESTING, STRAIGHTENING, LIFTING, REPAIRING 31/00 - 37/00
 E02D 1/00
Investigation of foundation soil in situ (investigation involving boring or specially adapted to earth drilling E21B 25/00, E21B 49/00; investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, in general G01N, e.g. sampling G01N 1/00)
 E02D 1/02
·  before construction work
 E02D 1/04
·  ·  Sampling of soil
 E02D 1/06
·  ·  Sampling of ground water
 E02D 1/08
·  after finishing the foundation structure
 E02D 3/00
Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil (securing of slopes or inclines E02D 17/20; damming or interrupting passage of underground water E02D 19/12; improving soil for agricultural purposes A01; soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes E01C 21/00, E01C 23/10; setting rock anchoring bolts E21D)
 E02D 3/02
·  Improving by compacting (E02D 3/11 takes precedence; compacting soil locally before or while forming foundations E02D 27/26, E02D 27/28)  [3]
 E02D 3/026
·  ·  by rolling with rollers usable only for or specially adapted for soil compaction, e.g. sheepsfoot rollers (rollers for soil working in agriculture A01B 29/00; rollers for road paving, such rollers usable also for compacting soil E01C 19/23)  [3]
 E02D 3/032
·  ·  ·  Trench rollers  [3]
 E02D 3/039
·  ·  ·  Slope rollers  [3]
 E02D 3/046
·  ·  by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil (E02D 3/026, E02D 3/08 take precedence; tamping or vibrating apparatus for working ballast on railways E01B 27/00, for consolidating paving materials E01C 19/30, for consolidating concrete in general E04G 21/06)  [3]
 E02D 3/054
·  ·  ·  involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation  [3]
 E02D 3/061
·  ·  ·  Tampers with directly acting explosion chambers (pile drivers with explosion chambers E02D 7/12)  [3]
 E02D 3/068
·  ·  ·  Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving reciprocating masses (E02D 3/054, E02D 3/061 take precedence)  [3]
 E02D 3/074
·  ·  ·  Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses (E02D 3/054 takes precedence)  [3]
 E02D 3/08
·  ·  by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles (sand drains for soil compaction E02D 3/10; stressing soil while forming foundations E02D 27/28)
 E02D 3/10
·  ·  by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains (E02D 3/11 takes precedence; soil-penetrating vibrators with auxiliary watering E02D 3/054; drainage of soil in general E02B 11/00)  [3]
 E02D 3/11
·  by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means (freezing soil for interrupting passage of underground water E02D 19/14)  [3]
 E02D 3/115
·  ·  by freezing  [3]
 E02D 3/12
·  Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil (making piles E02D 5/46; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials C09K 17/00)
 E02D 5/00
Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering (engineering elements in general F16)
 E02D 5/02
·  Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
 E02D 5/03
·  ·  Prefabricated parts
 E02D 5/04
·  ·  ·  made of steel
 E02D 5/06
·  ·  ·  ·  Fitted piles or other elements specially adapted for closing gaps between two sheet piles or between two walls of sheet piles
 E02D 5/08
·  ·  ·  ·  Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces
 E02D 5/10
·  ·  ·  made of concrete or reinforced concrete
 E02D 5/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces
 E02D 5/14
·  ·  Sealing joints between adjacent piles (sealing joints not restricted to foundation piles E04B 1/68)
 E02D 5/16
·  ·  Auxiliary devices rigidly or detachably arranged on sheet piles for facilitating assembly
 E02D 5/18
·  Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
 E02D 5/20
·  Bulkheads or similar walls made of prefabricated parts and concrete, including reinforced concrete, in situ
 E02D 5/22
·  Piles (sheet piles E02D 5/02)
 E02D 5/24
·  ·  Prefabricated piles
 E02D 5/26
·  ·  ·  made of timber with or without reinforcement; Means affording protection against spoiling of the wood (cases E02D 5/60; impregnating agents B27K 3/16); Self-cleaning of piles placed in water
 E02D 5/28
·  ·  ·  made of steel
 E02D 5/30
·  ·  ·  made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
 E02D 5/32
·  ·  ·  with arrangements for setting in position by fluid jets
 E02D 5/34
·  ·  Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position
 E02D 5/36
·  ·  ·  making without use of mould-pipes or other moulds
 E02D 5/38
·  ·  ·  making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
 E02D 5/40
·  ·  ·  ·  in open water
 E02D 5/42
·  ·  ·  ·  by making use of pressure liquid or pressure gas for compacting the concrete
 E02D 5/44
·  ·  ·  ·  with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
 E02D 5/46
·  ·  ·  making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil (consolidating soil in general E02D 3/12)
 E02D 5/48
·  ·  Piles varying in construction along their length
 E02D 5/50
·  ·  Piles comprising both precast concrete portions and concrete portions cast in situ
 E02D 5/52
·  ·  Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes
 E02D 5/54
·  ·  Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles
 E02D 5/56
·  ·  Screw piles
 E02D 5/58
·  ·  Prestressed concrete piles
 E02D 5/60
·  ·  Piles with protecting cases
 E02D 5/62
·  ·  Compacting the soil at the footing or in a casing by forcing cement or like material through tubes
 E02D 5/64
·  ·  Repairing piles
 E02D 5/66
·  Mould-pipes or other moulds
 E02D 5/68
·  ·  for making bulkheads
 E02D 5/70
·  ·  for making sheet piles
 E02D 5/72
·  Pile shoes
 E02D 5/74
·  Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads (anchoring piles E02D 5/54)
 E02D 5/76
·  ·  Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof
 E02D 5/80
·  ·  Ground anchors
 E02D 7/00
Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes, or other moulds (for both placing and removing E02D 11/00)
 E02D 7/02
·  Placing by driving
 E02D 7/04
·  ·  Hand pile-drivers
 E02D 7/06
·  ·  Power-driven drivers
 E02D 7/08
·  ·  ·  Drop drivers with free-falling hammer
 E02D 7/10
·  ·  ·  with pressure-operated hammer
 E02D 7/12
·  ·  ·  Drivers with explosion chambers
 E02D 7/14
·  ·  ·  Components for drivers
 E02D 7/16
·  ·  ·  ·  Scaffolds for drivers
 E02D 7/18
·  Placing by vibrating
 E02D 7/20
·  Placing by pressure or pulling power
 E02D 7/22
·  Placing by screwing down
 E02D 7/24
·  Placing by using fluid jets
 E02D 7/26
·  Placing by using several means simultaneously
 E02D 7/28
·  Placing of hollow piles or mould-pipes by means arranged inside the piles or pipes
 E02D 7/30
·  ·  by driving cores
 E02D 9/00
Removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes, or other moulds (for both placing and removing E02D 11/00)
 E02D 9/02
·  by withdrawing
 E02D 9/04
·  by cutting-off under water
 E02D 11/00
Methods or apparatus for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes (features relating to placing only E02D 7/00, to removing only E02D 9/00)
 E02D 13/00
Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads
 E02D 13/02
·  specially adapted for placing or removing bulkheads
 E02D 13/04
·  Guide devices; Guide frames
 E02D 13/06
·  for observation while placing
 E02D 13/08
·  Removing obstacles
 E02D 13/10
·  Follow-blocks of pile-drivers or like devices
 E02D 15/00
Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations (conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses in general E04G 21/02)
 E02D 15/02
·  Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation purposes
 E02D 15/04
·  ·  Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, boreholes, or narrow shafts
 E02D 15/06
·  ·  Placing concrete under water
 E02D 15/08
·  Sinking workpieces into water or soil
 E02D 15/10
·  Placing gravel or like material under water
 E02D 17/00
Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments (soil shifting apparatus E02F; earth drilling E21)
 E02D 17/02
·  Foundation pits
 E02D 17/04
·  ·  Bordering or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
 E02D 17/06
·  Foundation ditches or narrow shafts
 E02D 17/08
·  ·  Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches or narrow shafts for foundations
 E02D 17/10
·  ·  Covering trenches for foundations
 E02D 17/12
·  ·  Back-filling of foundation trenches or ditches
 E02D 17/13
·  Foundation slots; Implements for making these slots
 E02D 17/16
·  Loosening of soil or rock, under water (for correcting streams E02B 3/02; by dredgers or excavators E02F)
 E02D 17/18
·  Making embankments (E02D 17/20 takes precedence)
 E02D 17/20
·  Securing of slopes or inclines
 E02D 19/00
Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground (sheet piles or bulkheads E02D 5/02)
 E02D 19/02
·  Restraining of open water
 E02D 19/04
·  ·  by coffer-dams
 E02D 19/06
·  Restraining of underground water
 E02D 19/08
·  ·  by employing open ditches arranged below the level of the water
 E02D 19/10
·  ·  by lowering level of ground water
 E02D 19/12
·  ·  by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
 E02D 19/14
·  ·  ·  by freezing the soil (in connection with sinking shafts E21D 1/12)
 E02D 19/16
·  ·  ·  by placing or applying sealing substances (consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil E02D 3/12)
 E02D 19/18
·  ·  ·  by making use of sealing aprons (sealings or joints for engineering work E02B 3/16)
 E02D 19/20
·  ·  ·  by displacing the water, e.g. by compressed air
 E02D 19/22
·  Lining sumps in trenches
 E02D 23/00
Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons (tunnels submerged into or built in open water E02D 29/063)  [6]
 E02D 23/02
·  Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
 E02D 23/04
·  Pneumatic caissons
 E02D 23/06
·  ·  Bringing persons or material into, or out of, compressed air caissons
 E02D 23/08
·  Lowering or sinking caissons
 E02D 23/10
·  ·  Caissons filled with compressed air
 E02D 23/12
·  ·  Inclined lowering
 E02D 23/14
·  ·  Decreasing the skin friction while lowering
 E02D 23/16
·  Jointing caissons to the foundation soil, specially to uneven foundation soil
 E02D 25/00
Joining caissons or like sunk units to each other under water
 E02D 27/00
Foundations as substructures
 E02D 27/01
·  Flat foundations
 E02D 27/02
·  ·  Flat foundations without substantial excavation (E02D 27/04, E02D 27/08 take precedence)
 E02D 27/04
·  ·  in water or on quicksand
 E02D 27/06
·  ·  ·  Floating caisson foundations
 E02D 27/08
·  ·  Reinforcements for flat foundations
 E02D 27/10
·  Deep foundations
 E02D 27/12
·  ·  Pile foundations
 E02D 27/14
·  ·  ·  Pile framings
 E02D 27/16
·  ·  ·  Foundations formed of separate piles
 E02D 27/18
·  ·  Foundations formed by making use of caissons
 E02D 27/20
·  ·  Caisson foundations combined with pile foundations
 E02D 27/22
·  ·  Caisson foundations made by starting from fixed or floating artificial islands by using protective bulkheads
 E02D 27/24
·  Foundations constructed by making use of diving-bells (equipment for dwelling or working under water B63C 11/00)
 E02D 27/26
·  Compacting soil locally before forming foundations; Construction of foundation structures by forcing binding substances into gravel fillings (consolidating foundation soil in general E02D 3/02-E02D 3/12)
 E02D 27/28
·  Stressing the soil or the foundation structure while forming foundations
 E02D 27/30
·  Foundations made with permanent use of sheet pile bulkheads, walls of planks, or sheet piling boxes
 E02D 27/32
·  Foundations for special purposes
 E02D 27/34
·  ·  Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories (building constructions with protection arrangements against earthquakes E04H 9/02)
 E02D 27/35
·  ·  Foundations formed in frozen ground, e.g. in permafrost soil  [3]
 E02D 27/36
·  ·  Foundations formed in moors or bogs
 E02D 27/38
·  ·  Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks
 E02D 27/40
·  ·  Foundations for dams across valleys or for dam constructions
 E02D 27/42
·  ·  Foundations for poles, masts, or chimneys
 E02D 27/44
·  ·  Foundations for machines, engines, or ordnance (special layout of foundations with respect to machinery to be supported F16M 9/00)
 E02D 27/46
·  ·  Foundations for supply conduits or other canals
 E02D 27/48
·  ·  Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
 E02D 27/50
·  ·  Anchored foundations
 E02D 27/52
·  ·  Submerged foundations
 E02D 29/00
Underground or underwater structures (underground tanks B65D 88/76; hydraulic engineering, e.g. sealings or joints, E02B; underground garages E04H 6/00; underground air-raid shelters E04H 9/12; burial vaults E04H 13/00); Retaining walls  [6]
 E02D 29/02
·  Retaining or protecting walls (piers or quay walls E02B 3/06)
 E02D 29/045
·  Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them  [6]
 E02D 29/05
·  ·  at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench  [6]
 E02D 29/055
·  ·  ·  further excavation of the cross-section proceeding underneath an already installed part of the structure, e.g. the roof of a tunnel  [6]
 E02D 29/063
·  Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water (construction or placing of caissons in general E02D 23/00; joining caissons to each other under water, in general E02D 25/00)  [6]
 E02D 29/067
·  ·  Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed (pontoons or floating bridges E01D 15/14)  [6]
 E02D 29/07
·  ·  Tunnels or shuttering therefor preconstructed as a whole or continuously made, and moved into place on the water-bed, e.g. into a preformed trench  [6]
 E02D 29/073
·  ·  Tunnels or shuttering therefor assembled from sections individually sunk onto, or laid on, the water-bed, e.g. in a preformed trench (caisson-type sections lowered onto the water-bed E02D 29/077)  [6]
 E02D 29/077
·  ·  Tunnels at least partially built beneath the water-bed characterised by being made by methods involving disturbance thereof all along the location line, e.g. by cut-and-cover or caisson methods  [6]
 E02D 29/09
·  Constructions or methods of constructing, in water, not otherwise provided for  [6]
 E02D 29/12
·  Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor (for underground tanks B65D 90/10; for sewerage E03F 5/02)  [6]
 E02D 29/14
·  ·  Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers  [6]
 E02D 29/16
·  Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures (sealing joints not restricted to foundation structures E04B 1/68)
 E02D 31/00
Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution (spillage retaining means for tanks B65D 90/24)
 E02D 31/02
·  against ground humidity or ground water
 E02D 31/04
·  ·  Watertight packings for use under hydraulic pressure
 E02D 31/06
·  against corrosion by soil or water
 E02D 31/08
·  against transmission of vibrations or movements in the foundation soil
 E02D 31/10
·  against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
 E02D 31/12
·  ·  against upward hydraulic pressure
 E02D 31/14
·  ·  against frost heaves in soil  [3]
 E02D 33/00
Testing foundations or foundation structures (testing methods or apparatus, see the relevant subclasses of class G01; testing structures or apparatus as regards function, in general, G01M; investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, in general G01N)
 E02D 35/00
Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations
 E02D 37/00
Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures