H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H03
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
 H03C
MODULATION (measuring, testing G01R; masers, lasers H01S; modulators specially adapted for use in dc amplifiers H03F 3/38; modulating pulses H03K 7/00; so-called modulators capable only of switching between predetermined states of amplitude, frequency or phase H03K 17/00, H04L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M; synchronous modulators specially adapted for colour television H04N 9/65)
 H03C

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers only modulation, keying, or interruption of sinusoidal oscillations or electromagnetic waves, the modulating signal having any desired waveform.
  2. In this subclass, circuits usable both as modulator and demodulator are classified in the group dealing with the type of modulator involved.
 H03C 1/00
Amplitude modulation (H03C 5/00, H03C 7/00 take precedence)
 H03C 1/02
·  Details
 H03C 1/04
·  ·  Means in, or combined with, modulating stage for reducing angle modulation
 H03C 1/06
·  ·  Modifications of modulator to reduce distortion, e.g. by feedback, and clearly applicable to more than one type of modulator
 H03C 1/08
·  by means of variable impedance element (H03C 1/28-H03C 1/34, H03C 1/46-H03C 1/52, H03C 1/62 take precedence)
 H03C 1/10
·  ·  the element being a current-dependent inductor
 H03C 1/12
·  ·  the element being a voltage-dependent capacitor
 H03C 1/14
·  ·  the element being a diode
 H03C 1/16
·  by means of discharge device having at least three electrodes (H03C 1/28-H03C 1/34, H03C 1/50, H03C 1/52, H03C 1/62 take precedence)
 H03C 1/18
·  ·  carrier applied to control grid
 H03C 1/20
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to anode
 H03C 1/22
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to same grid
 H03C 1/24
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to different grid
 H03C 1/26
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to cathode
 H03C 1/28
·  by means of transit-time tube
 H03C 1/30
·  ·  by means of a magnetron
 H03C 1/32
·  by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
 H03C 1/34
·  by means of light-sensitive element
 H03C 1/36
·  by means of semiconductor device having at least three electrodes (H03C 1/34, H03C 1/50, H03C 1/52, H03C 1/62 take precedence)
 H03C 1/38
·  ·  carrier applied to base of a transistor
 H03C 1/40
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to collector
 H03C 1/42
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to base
 H03C 1/44
·  ·  ·  modulating signal applied to emitter
 H03C 1/46
·  Modulators with mechanically- or acoustically-driven parts
 H03C 1/48
·  by means of Hall-effect devices
 H03C 1/50
·  by converting angle modulation to amplitude modulation (H03C 1/28-H03C 1/34, H03C 1/46, H03C 1/48 take precedence)
 H03C 1/52
·  Modulators in which carrier or one sideband is wholly or partially suppressed (H03C 1/28-H03C 1/34, H03C 1/46, H03C 1/48 take precedence)
 H03C 1/54
·  ·  Balanced modulators, e.g. bridge type, ring type, double balanced type
 H03C 1/56
·  ·  ·  comprising variable two-pole elements only
 H03C 1/58
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising diodes
 H03C 1/60
·  ·  with one sideband wholly or partially suppressed
 H03C 1/62
·  Modulators in which amplitude of carrier component in output is dependent upon strength of modulating signal, e.g. no carrier output when no modulating signal is present (H03C 1/28-H03C 1/34, H03C 1/46, H03C 1/48 take precedence)
 H03C 3/00
Angle modulation (H03C 5/00, H03C 7/00 take precedence)
 H03C 3/02
·  Details
 H03C 3/04
·  ·  Means in, or combined with, modulating stage for reducing amplitude modulation
 H03C 3/06
·  ·  Means for changing frequency deviation
 H03C 3/08
·  ·  Modifications of modulator to linearise modulation, e.g. by feedback, and clearly applicable to more than one type of modulator
 H03C 3/09
·  ·  Modifications of modulator for regulating the mean frequency  [3]
 H03C 3/10
·  by means of variable impedance (H03C 3/30-H03C 3/38 take precedence)
 H03C 3/12
·  ·  by means of a variable reactive element
 H03C 3/14
·  ·  ·  simulated by circuit comprising active element with at least three electrodes, e.g. reactance-tube circuit
 H03C 3/16
·  ·  ·  ·  in which the active element simultaneously serves as the active element of an oscillator
 H03C 3/18
·  ·  ·  the element being a current-dependent inductor
 H03C 3/20
·  ·  ·  the element being a voltage-dependent capacitor
 H03C 3/22
·  ·  ·  the element being a semiconductor diode, e.g. varicap diode
 H03C 3/24
·  ·  by means of a variable resistive element, e.g. tube
 H03C 3/26
·  ·  ·  comprising two elements controlled in push-pull by modulating signal
 H03C 3/28
·  ·  using variable impedance driven mechanically or acoustically
 H03C 3/30
·  by means of transit-time tube
 H03C 3/32
·  ·  the tube being a magnetron
 H03C 3/34
·  by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
 H03C 3/36
·  by means of light-sensitive element
 H03C 3/38
·  by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation
 H03C 3/40
·  ·  using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated
 H03C 3/42
·  by means of electromechanical devices (H03C 3/28 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03C 5/00
Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal (H03C 7/00 takes precedence)
 H03C 5/02
·  by means of transit-time tube
 H03C 5/04
·  ·  the tube being a magnetron
 H03C 5/06
·  by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
 H03C 7/00
Modulating electromagnetic waves (devices or arrangements for the modulation of light G02F 1/00; for generating oscillations H03B, H03K)
 H03C 7/02
·  in transmission line, waveguide, cavity resonator, or radiation field of aerial
 H03C 7/04
·  ·  Polarisation of transmitted wave being modulated