G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G03
PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY (reproduction of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals H04N)  [4]
 G03

Note(s)

In this class, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:

  • "records" means photographs or any other kind of latent, directly-visible or permanent storage of pictorial information, which consist of an imagewise distribution of a quantity, e.g. an electric charge pattern, recorded on a carrier member;
  • "optical" applies not only to visible light but also to ultra-violet or infra-red radiations.  [4]

 G03B
APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (optical parts of such apparatus G02B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials G03D)  [4]
 G03B

Note(s)

This subclass covers, as far as processes are concerned, only processes characterised by the use or manipulation of apparatus classifiable per se in this subclass.

 G03B
Subclass index
DETAILS
Common to at least two of cameras, projectors and printers 1/00 - 5/00
Common to cameras only
exposure, control thereof 7/00, 9/00
viewfinders, focusing aids 13/00
filters; constructional details, accessories 11/00; 17/00
special procedures for taking photographs 15/00
Common to projectors only 21/00, 23/00
Common to printers only 27/00
APPARATUS
Cameras 19/00
Projectors, viewers; devices for changing pictures 21/00, 25/00; 23/00
Printing apparatus 27/00
Combinations with other apparatus 29/00
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES
Associated working with sound apparatus 31/00
Colour photography; stereoscopic photography; panoramic photography; high-speed photography 33/00; 35/00; 37/00; 39/00
Other techniques 41/00
Using waves other than optical waves, visualisation 42/00
TESTING 43/00
 G03B 1/00 - 
G03B 5/00
Details common to at least two of the following types of apparatus: cameras, projectors, printers (details common to cameras only G03B 7/00-G03B 17/00, to projectors only G03B 21/00, G03B 23/00, to printers only G03B 27/00)
 G03B 1/00
Film-strip handling
 G03B 1/02
·  Moving film strip by pull on end thereof
 G03B 1/04
·  ·  Pull exerted by take-up spool
 G03B 1/06
·  ·  ·  rotated by lever-operated ratchet and pawl
 G03B 1/08
·  ·  ·  rotated by band, chain, rack, or other linear reciprocating operation
 G03B 1/10
·  ·  ·  rotated by knob through gearing
 G03B 1/12
·  ·  ·  rotated by motor, e.g. spring
 G03B 1/14
·  ·  Special arrangements to ensure constant length of movement of film
 G03B 1/16
·  ·  ·  by film-arresting pins
 G03B 1/18
·  Moving film strip by means which act on the film between the ends thereof
 G03B 1/20
·  ·  Acting means
 G03B 1/22
·  ·  ·  Claws or pins engaging holes in the film
 G03B 1/24
·  ·  ·  Sprockets engaging holes in the film
 G03B 1/26
·  ·  ·  Spiked wheels or pins not penetrating the film
 G03B 1/28
·  ·  ·  Shuttle feed
 G03B 1/30
·  ·  ·  Belt feed
 G03B 1/32
·  ·  ·  Friction grippers or rollers
 G03B 1/34
·  ·  ·  Beaters
 G03B 1/36
·  ·  ·  Pneumatic acting means
 G03B 1/38
·  ·  embodying Geneva motion, e.g. Maltese-cross gearing
 G03B 1/40
·  embodying frictional coupling or clutches
 G03B 1/42
·  Guiding, framing, or constraining film in desired position relative to lens system
 G03B 1/44
·  ·  Guides engaging edge of film (gates G03B 1/48)
 G03B 1/46
·  ·  Rollers engaging face of film, e.g. barrel, waisted, conical (gates G03B 1/48)
 G03B 1/48
·  ·  Gates or pressure devices, e.g. plate
 G03B 1/50
·  ·  ·  adjustable or interchangeable, e.g. for different film widths
 G03B 1/52
·  ·  ·  Pneumatic pressure devices
 G03B 1/54
·  ·  Tensioning or loop-maintaining devices
 G03B 1/56
·  Threading; Loop forming
 G03B 1/58
·  ·  automatic
 G03B 1/60
·  Measuring or indicating length of the used or unused film; Counting number of exposures (measuring length in general G01B)
 G03B 1/62
·  ·  involving locking or stop-motion devices
 G03B 1/64
·  ·  by means which ascertain the radius of the film coiled on a spool
 G03B 1/66
·  ·  Counting number of exposures (counting mechanisms per se G06M)
 G03B 3/00
Focusing arrangements (focusing means, autofocus systems for cameras G03B 13/00; means for automatic focusing of projectors G03B 21/53; means for automatic focusing of projection-printing apparatus or copying cameras G03B 27/34, G03F)
 G03B 3/02
·  moving lens along baseboard
 G03B 3/04
·  adjusting position of image plane without moving lens
 G03B 3/06
·  ·  using movable reflectors to alter length of light-path
 G03B 3/10
·  Power-operated focusing
 G03B 3/12
·  ·  adapted for remote control (control systems in general G05)
 G03B 5/00
Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
 G03B 5/02
·  Lateral adjustment of lens
 G03B 5/04
·  Vertical adjustment of lens; Rising fronts
 G03B 5/06
·  Swinging lens about normal to the optical axis
 G03B 5/08
·  Swing backs
 G03B 7/00 - 
G03B 17/00
Details common to cameras
 G03B 7/00
Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms, or filters separately or conjointly (measuring intensity of light G01J; control of exposure in television cameras by means of circuitry for compensating for variation in the brightness of the object H04N 5/235)
 G03B 7/02
·  Control effected by setting a graduated member on the camera in accordance with indication or reading afforded by a light meter, which may be either separate from, or built into, camera body
 G03B 7/04
·  Control effected by hand adjustment of a member that senses indication of a pointer of a built-in light-sensitive device, e.g. by restoring pointer to a fixed associated reference mark
 G03B 7/06
·  ·  by a follow-up movement of an associated reference mark to the pointer
 G03B 7/08
·  Control effected solely by response to built-in light-sensitive device to the intensity of light received by the camera
 G03B 7/081
·  ·  Analogue circuits  [3]
 G03B 7/083
·  ·  ·  for control of exposure time  [3]
 G03B 7/085
·  ·  ·  for control of aperture  [3]
 G03B 7/087
·  ·  ·  for control of both exposure time and aperture  [3]
 G03B 7/089
·  ·  ·  for storage of exposure value in mirror reflex cameras  [3]
 G03B 7/091
·  ·  Digital circuits  [3]
 G03B 7/093
·  ·  ·  for control of exposure time  [3]
 G03B 7/095
·  ·  ·  for control of aperture  [3]
 G03B 7/097
·  ·  ·  for control of both exposure time and aperture  [3]
 G03B 7/099
·  ·  Arrangement of photoelectric elements in or on the camera  [3]
 G03B 7/10
·  ·  a servo-motor providing energy to move the setting member
 G03B 7/12
·  ·  a hand-actuated member moved from one position to another providing the energy to move the setting member, e.g. depression of shutter release button causes a stepped feeler to co-operate with the pointer of the light-sensitive device to set the diaphragm and thereafter release the shutter
 G03B 7/14
·  ·  ·  setting of both shutter and diaphragm aperture being effected so as to give the optimum compromise between depth of field and shortness of exposure
 G03B 7/16
·  in accordance with both the intensity of the flash source and the distance of the flash source from object, e.g. in accordance with "guide number" of flash bulb and the focusing of the camera
 G03B 7/18
·  in accordance with light-reducing "factor" of filter or other obturator used with or on the lens of the camera
 G03B 7/20
·  in accordance with change of lens
 G03B 7/22
·  in accordance with temperature or height, e.g. in aircraft
 G03B 7/24
·  automatically in accordance with markings or other means indicating film speed or kind of film on the magazine to be inserted in the camera  [3]
 G03B 7/26
·  Power supplies; Circuitry or arrangement to switch on the power source; Circuitry to check the power source voltage  [3]
 G03B 7/28
·  Circuitry to measure or to take account of the object contrast  [3]
 G03B 9/00
Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
 G03B 9/02
·  Diaphragms  [2]
 G03B 9/04
·  ·  Single movable plate with two or more apertures of graded size, e.g. sliding plate, pivoting plate
 G03B 9/06
·  ·  Two or more co-operating pivoted blades e.g. iris type (shutters functioning as diaphragms by limiting extent of opening movement G03B 9/08)
 G03B 9/07
·  ·  with means for presetting the diaphragm
 G03B 9/08
·  Shutters (electro-, magneto-, or acousto-optical shutters G02F 1/00)  [2]
 G03B 9/10
·  ·  Blade or disc rotating or pivoting about axis normal to its plane
 G03B 9/12
·  ·  ·  Two relatively-adjustable aperture-defining members moving as a unit
 G03B 9/14
·  ·  ·  Two separate members moving in opposite directions
 G03B 9/16
·  ·  ·  Two separate members moving in the same direction
 G03B 9/18
·  ·  ·  More than two members
 G03B 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  each moving in a single direction first to open and then to reclose
 G03B 9/22
·  ·  ·  ·  each moving in one direction to open and then in opposite direction to close, e.g. iris type
 G03B 9/24
·  ·  ·  Adjusting size of aperture formed by members when fully open so as to constitute a virtual diaphragm that is adjustable
 G03B 9/26
·  ·  ·  incorporating cover blade or blades
 G03B 9/28
·  ·  Roller blind or flexible plate
 G03B 9/30
·  ·  ·  Single blind with multiple slots or other aperture
 G03B 9/32
·  ·  ·  Double blind
 G03B 9/34
·  ·  ·  ·  with adjustable slot; with mechanism controlling relative movement of blinds to form slot
 G03B 9/36
·  ·  Sliding rigid plate
 G03B 9/38
·  ·  ·  Single rigid plate with multiple slots or other apertures
 G03B 9/40
·  ·  ·  Double plate
 G03B 9/42
·  ·  ·  ·  with adjustable slot; with mechanism controlling relative movement of plates to form slot
 G03B 9/44
·  ·  ·  Curved track and plate
 G03B 9/46
·  ·  Flap shutters pivoting about axis in plane of flap
 G03B 9/48
·  ·  ·  Double flap
 G03B 9/50
·  ·  ·  Louvre type
 G03B 9/52
·  ·  Barrel shutters
 G03B 9/54
·  ·  Conical shutters; Rotating plate with axis of rotation inclined to optical axis of shutter
 G03B 9/58
·  Means for varying duration of "open" period of shutter
 G03B 9/60
·  ·  by varying speed of movement of obturating members
 G03B 9/62
·  ·  by varying interval of time between end of opening movement and beginning of closing movement
 G03B 9/64
·  Mechanism for delaying opening of shutter (separate from shutter G03B 17/38)
 G03B 9/66
·  Means for cocking shutter separate from means for releasing shutter
 G03B 9/68
·  ·  Cocking effected by movement of film
 G03B 9/70
·  with flash-synchronising contacts
 G03B 11/00
Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes (filters per se G02B)
 G03B 11/02
·  Sky masks
 G03B 11/04
·  Hoods or caps for eliminating unwanted light from lenses, viewfinders, or focusing aids
 G03B 11/06
·  ·  Lens caps for exposure making
 G03B 13/00
Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras (hoods, caps G03B 11/04; reflex camera arrangements G03B 19/12, G03B 19/14; rangefinders per se G01C 3/00; automatic focusing in general G02B 7/09; systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28)  [5]
 G03B 13/02
·  Viewfinders
 G03B 13/04
·  ·  of direct-vision type, e.g. frame, sighting mark
 G03B 13/06
·  ·  with lenses with or without reflectors
 G03B 13/08
·  ·  ·  with reflected image of frame
 G03B 13/10
·  ·  adjusting viewfinder field
 G03B 13/12
·  ·  ·  to compensate for change of camera lens or size of picture
 G03B 13/14
·  ·  ·  to compensate for parallax due to short range
 G03B 13/16
·  ·  combined with focusing aids
 G03B 13/18
·  Focusing aids
 G03B 13/20
·  ·  Rangefinders coupled with focusing arrangements, e.g. adjustment of rangefinder automatically focusing camera
 G03B 13/22
·  ·  ·  coupling providing for compensation upon change of camera lens
 G03B 13/24
·  ·  Focusing screens
 G03B 13/26
·  ·  ·  with magnifiers for inspecting image formed on screen
 G03B 13/28
·  ·  ·  Image-splitting devices
 G03B 13/30
·  ·  indicating depth of field  [5]
 G03B 13/32
·  Means for focusing  [5]
 G03B 13/34
·  ·  Power focusing  [5]
 G03B 13/36
·  ·  ·  Autofocus systems  [5]
 G03B 15/00
Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
 G03B 15/02
·  Illuminating scene
 G03B 15/03
·  ·  Combinations of cameras with lighting apparatus; Flash units
 G03B 15/035
·  ·  ·  Combinations of cameras with incandescent lamps
 G03B 15/04
·  ·  ·  Combinations of cameras with non-electronic flash apparatus; Non-electronic flash units (light sources using a charge of combustible material F21K 5/00; ignition circuits H05B 43/02)
 G03B 15/05
·  ·  ·  Combinations of cameras with electronic flash apparatus; Electronic flash units (discharge lamps per se H01J; circuit arrangements H05B 41/00)
 G03B 15/06
·  ·  Special arrangements of screening, diffusing, or reflecting devices, e.g. in studio
 G03B 15/07
·  ·  ·  Arrangements of lamps in studios
 G03B 15/08
·  Trick photography
 G03B 15/10
·  ·  using back-projection, i.e. blending artificial background with real foreground
 G03B 15/12
·  ·  using mirrors
 G03B 15/14
·  for taking photographs during medical operations
 G03B 15/16
·  for photographing the track of moving objects (high-speed photography G03B 39/00; recording tracks of nuclear particles G01T 5/00)
 G03B 17/00
Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor (lens hoods or caps G03B 11/04)
 G03B 17/02
·  Bodies
 G03B 17/04
·  ·  collapsible, foldable, or extensible, e.g. book type (bellows for instruments in general G12B)
 G03B 17/06
·  ·  with exposure meters or other indicators built into body but not connected to other camera members
 G03B 17/08
·  ·  Waterproof bodies or housings
 G03B 17/10
·  ·  Soundproof bodies
 G03B 17/12
·  ·  with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
 G03B 17/14
·  ·  ·  interchangeably
 G03B 17/16
·  ·  for containing both motion-picture camera and still-picture camera
 G03B 17/17
·  ·  with reflectors arranged in beam forming the photographic image, e.g. for reducing dimensions of camera
 G03B 17/18
·  Signals indicating condition of a camera member or suitability of light (indicating depth of field G03B 13/30)
 G03B 17/20
·  ·  visible in viewfinder
 G03B 17/22
·  with means for cutting-off film
 G03B 17/24
·  with means for separately producing marks on the film, e.g. title, time of exposure
 G03B 17/26
·  Holders for containing light-sensitive material and adapted to be inserted within the camera (holders for X-ray films G03B 42/04)  [2]
 G03B 17/28
·  Locating light-sensitive material within camera
 G03B 17/30
·  ·  Locating spools or other rotatable holders of coiled film
 G03B 17/32
·  ·  Locating plates or cut films
 G03B 17/34
·  ·  ·  Changing plates or cut films
 G03B 17/36
·  Counting number of exposures (of film strips G03B 1/66; counting mechanisms in general G06M)
 G03B 17/38
·  Releasing-devices separate from shutter (integral with shutter G03B 9/08)
 G03B 17/40
·  ·  with delayed or timed action
 G03B 17/42
·  Interlocking between shutter operation and advance of film or change of plate or cut-film
 G03B 17/44
·  Means for exchanging focusing screen and light-sensitive material
 G03B 17/46
·  Means for exposing single frames in motion-picture camera
 G03B 17/48
·  adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus (with microscopes, with telescopes G02B)
 G03B 17/50
·  ·  with both developing and finishing apparatus (processing apparatus G03D)
 G03B 17/52
·  ·  ·  of the Land type
 G03B 17/53
·  ·  ·  for automatically delivering a finished picture after a signal causing exposure has been given, e.g. by pushing a button, by inserting a coin
 G03B 17/54
·  ·  with projector
 G03B 17/55
·  with provision for heating or cooling, e.g. in aircraft
 G03B 17/56
·  Accessories (carrying-cases A45C)
 G03B 17/58
·  ·  Attachments for converting cameras into reflex cameras
   
 G03B 19/00
Cameras (details G03B 17/00)
 G03B 19/02
·  Still-picture cameras
 G03B 19/04
·  ·  Roll-film cameras
 G03B 19/06
·  ·  ·  adapted to be loaded with more than one film, e.g. with exposure of one or the other at will (G03B 19/07 takes precedence)
 G03B 19/07
·  ·  ·  having more than one objective
 G03B 19/08
·  ·  ·  with provision for alternative use with plates or cut-films
 G03B 19/10
·  ·  Plate or cut-film cameras (with provision for alternative use with roll film G03B 19/08)
 G03B 19/12
·  ·  Reflex cameras with single objective and a movable reflector or a partly-transmitting mirror
 G03B 19/14
·  ·  with paired lenses, one of which forms image on photographic material and the other forms a corresponding image on a focusing screen
 G03B 19/16
·  ·  Pin-hole cameras
 G03B 19/18
·  Motion-picture cameras (with non-intermittently running film G03B 41/02)
 G03B 19/20
·  ·  Reflex cameras
 G03B 19/22
·  ·  Double cameras
 G03B 19/24
·  ·  adapted to be loaded with more than one film, e.g. with exposure of one or the other at will
 G03B 19/26
·  ·  with fade-in and fade-out effects  [4]
 G03B 21/00
Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor (devices for changing pictures G03B 23/00; zoetropes G03B 25/00; photographic printing apparatus G03B 27/00; devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect F21S 10/00; optical projection comparators G01B 9/08; projection microscopes G02B 21/36)
 G03B 21/02
·  Multiple-film apparatus
 G03B 21/04
·  ·  Picture "juke-boxes"
 G03B 21/06
·  affording only episcopic projection
 G03B 21/08
·  affording epidiascopic projection
 G03B 21/10
·  Projectors with built-in or built-on screen (projection screens in general G03B 21/56)
 G03B 21/11
·  ·  for microfilm reading
 G03B 21/12
·  adapted for projection of either still pictures or motion pictures (prolonged exhibition of single frame G03B 21/38)
 G03B 21/13
·  Projectors for producing special effects at the edges of picture, e.g. blurring
 G03B 21/132
·  Overhead projectors, i.e. capable of projecting hand-writing or drawing during action (epidiascopic projectors G03B 21/08)
 G03B 21/134
·  Projectors combined with typing apparatus or with printing apparatus
 G03B 21/14
·  Details
 G03B 21/16
·  ·  Cooling; Preventing overheating
 G03B 21/18
·  ·  Fire preventing or extinguishing
 G03B 21/20
·  ·  Lamp housings (condensers per se G02B)
 G03B 21/22
·  ·  Soundproof bodies
 G03B 21/26
·  ·  Projecting separately subsidiary matter simultaneously with main image (light pointers G02B 27/20)
 G03B 21/28
·  ·  Reflectors in projection beam
 G03B 21/30
·  ·  adapted to collapse or fold, e.g. for portability
 G03B 21/32
·  ·  Details specially adapted for motion-picture projection (with film moving continuously through the gate G03B 41/02)
 G03B 21/34
·  ·  ·  Change-over arrangements
 G03B 21/36
·  ·  ·  ·  Fades, dissolves, or wipes
 G03B 21/38
·  ·  ·  Prolonged exhibition of single frame
 G03B 21/40
·  ·  ·  Eliminating or reducing effect of flicker
 G03B 21/42
·  ·  ·  Preventing damage to film due to abnormal operation of projector
 G03B 21/43
·  ·  ·  Driving mechanisms
 G03B 21/44
·  ·  ·  ·  Mechanisms transmitting motion to film-strip feed; Mechanical linking of shutter and intermittent feed (film-strip feed per se G03B 1/00)
 G03B 21/46
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  affording adjustment for framing
 G03B 21/48
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  for altering frame speed; for regulating constancy of film speed
 G03B 21/50
·  ·  ·  Control devices operated by the film strip during the run (controlling or regulating speed G03B 21/48)
 G03B 21/52
·  ·  ·  ·  by prepared film
 G03B 21/53
·  ·  Means for automatic focusing, e.g. to compensate thermal effects (automatic focusing in general G02B 7/09; systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28)  [5]
 G03B 21/54
·  Accessories
 G03B 21/56
·  ·  Projection screens
 G03B 21/58
·  ·  ·  collapsible, e.g. foldable; of variable area
 G03B 21/60
·  ·  ·  characterised by the nature of the surface, e.g. lenticular, fluid
 G03B 21/62
·  ·  ·  ·  translucent
 G03B 21/64
·  ·  Means for mounting individual pictures to be projected, e.g. frame for transparency
 G03B 23/00
Devices for changing pictures in viewing apparatus or projectors (film-strip handling G03B 1/00; direct viewers G02B)
 G03B 23/00

Note(s)

In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

  • "picture" means any flat representation, whether transparent or not, e.g. produced by photography, writing, or printing.

 G03B 23/02
·  in which a picture is removed from a stock and returned to the same stock or another one; Magazines therefor
 G03B 23/04
·  ·  with linear movement
 G03B 23/06
·  ·  with rotary movement
 G03B 23/08
·  in which pictures are attached to a movable carrier
 G03B 23/10
·  ·  drum or disc carrier
 G03B 23/12
·  ·  linear strip carrier
 G03B 23/14
·  Carriers operable to move pictures into, and out of, the projection or viewing position and carrying one or two pictures only in a removable manner (G03B 23/18 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 23/18
·  with fade-in and fade-out effects  [4]
 G03B 25/00
Viewers, other than projection viewers, giving motion-picture effects by persistence of vision, e.g. zoetrope (high-speed photography G03B 39/00)
 G03B 25/02
·  with interposed lenticular or line screen
 G03B 27/00
Photographic printing apparatus (film-strip handling G03B 1/00)
 G03B 27/02
·  Exposure apparatus for contact printing
 G03B 27/04
·  ·  Copying apparatus without a relative movement between the original and the light source during exposure, e.g. printing frame, printing box
 G03B 27/06
·  ·  ·  for automatic repeated copying of the same original
 G03B 27/08
·  ·  ·  for automatic copying of several originals one after the other, e.g. for copying cinematograph film
 G03B 27/10
·  ·  Copying apparatus with a relative movement between the original and the light source during exposure
 G03B 27/12
·  ·  ·  for automatic repeated copying of the same original
 G03B 27/14
·  ·  Details
 G03B 27/16
·  ·  ·  Illumination arrangements, e.g. positioning of lamps, positioning of reflectors (controlling the exposure G03B 27/72)
 G03B 27/18
·  ·  ·  Maintaining or producing contact pressure between original and light-sensitive material
 G03B 27/20
·  ·  ·  ·  by using a vacuum or fluid pressure
 G03B 27/22
·  ·  ·  ·  by stretching over a curved surface
 G03B 27/24
·  ·  ·  Separating the original from the print
 G03B 27/26
·  ·  ·  Cooling
 G03B 27/28
·  ·  ·  Edge-masking devices
 G03B 27/30
·  ·  ·  adapted to be combined with processing apparatus (processing apparatus per se G03D)
 G03B 27/32
·  Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
 G03B 27/34
·  ·  Means for automatic focusing therefor (systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B 7/28; means for automatic focusing for photomechanical production G03F 7/207)  [4]
 G03B 27/36
·  ·  ·  by mechanical connections, e.g. by cam, by linkage
 G03B 27/38
·  ·  ·  ·  embodying screws with non-uniform pitch
 G03B 27/40
·  ·  ·  ·  adapted for use with lenses of different focal length
 G03B 27/42
·  ·  for automatic sequential copying of the same original (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/44
·  ·  for multiple copying of the same original at the same time (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/46
·  ·  for automatic sequential copying of different originals, e.g. enlargers, roll film printers (G03B 27/34, G03B 27/50, G03B 27/53 take precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/465
·  ·  ·  at different positions of the same strip, e.g. microfilm  [4]
 G03B 27/47
·  ·  ·  at different positions of the same sheet, e.g. microfiche  [4]
 G03B 27/475
·  ·  ·  copying cinematographic film (G03B 27/48 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/48
·  ·  ·  with original in the form of a film strip moving continuously and compensation for consequent image movement
 G03B 27/50
·  ·  with slit or like diaphragm moving over original for progressive exposure (G03B 27/34 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/52
·  ·  Details
 G03B 27/53
·  ·  ·  Automatic registration or positioning of originals with respect to each other or the photosensitive layer (within photo-mechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. of integrated circuits, G03F 9/00)  [4]
 G03B 27/54
·  ·  ·  Lamp housings; Illuminating means (controlling the exposure G03B 27/72)
 G03B 27/56
·  ·  ·  Mounting enlarger head on column
 G03B 27/58
·  ·  ·  Baseboards, masking frames, or other holders for the sensitive material (G03B 27/53 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/60
·  ·  ·  ·  using a vacuum or fluid pressure
 G03B 27/62
·  ·  ·  Holders for the original (G03B 27/53 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 27/64
·  ·  ·  ·  using a vacuum or fluid pressure
 G03B 27/66
·  ·  ·  specially adapted for holding half-tone screens
 G03B 27/68
·  ·  ·  Introducing or correcting distortion, e.g. in connection with oblique projection
 G03B 27/70
·  ·  ·  Reflectors in printing beam
 G03B 27/72
·  Controlling or varying light intensity, spectral composition, or exposure time in photographic printing apparatus (exposure meters per se G01J; control of light intensity in general G05D 25/00)
 G03B 27/73
·  ·  Controlling exposure by variation of spectral composition, e.g. multicolor printers  [3]
 G03B 27/74
·  ·  Positioning exposure meters in the apparatus
 G03B 27/80
·  ·  in dependence upon automatic analysis of the original (G03B 27/73 takes precedence)  [3]
 G03B 29/00
Combinations of cameras, projectors, or photographic printing apparatus with non-photographic non-optical apparatus, e.g. clocks, weapons; Cameras having the shape of other objects (combinations with flash apparatus G03B 15/03; combinations with instruments for medical examination of cavities or tubes of the body A61B 1/04; arrangements specially adapted for eye photography A61B 3/14; combinations with surveying instruments G01C; combinations with core or moderator structure of nuclear reactors G21C 17/08; structural combinations with electric discharge tubes H01J 5/16, H01J 29/89, H01J 37/22)
 G03B 31/00 - 
G03B 42/00
Special techniques
 G03B 31/00
Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or -reproducing means (record carriers characterised by the selection of the material and comprising cinematographic film and magnetic track G11B 5/633)
 G03B 31/02
·  in which sound track is on a moving-picture film
 G03B 31/04
·  in which sound track is not on, but is synchronised with, a moving-picture film
 G03B 31/06
·  in which sound track is associated with successively-shown still pictures
 G03B 31/08
·  with fade-in and fade-out effects  [4]
 G03B 33/00
Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film (printing apparatus G03B 27/00; stereoscopic colour photography G03B 35/00)
 G03B 33/02
·  by two-colour separation records, e.g. red-aspect and white complete records; using Land effect
 G03B 33/04
·  by four or more separation records
 G03B 33/06
·  by additive-colour projection apparatus
 G03B 33/08
·  Sequential recording or projection (G03B 33/02, G03B 33/04, G03B 33/06 take precedence)
 G03B 33/10
·  Simultaneous recording or projection (G03B 33/02, G03B 33/04, G03B 33/06 take precedence)
 G03B 33/12
·  ·  using beam-splitting or beam-combining systems, e.g. dichroic mirrors
 G03B 33/14
·  ·  using lenticular screens (integral with film G03C)
 G03B 33/16
·  ·  using colour-pattern screens (integral with film G03C)
 G03B 35/00
Stereoscopic photography (panoramic or wide-screen systems G03B 37/00; photogrammetry G01C)
 G03B 35/02
·  by sequential recording
 G03B 35/04
·  ·  with movement of beam-selecting members in a system defining two or more viewpoints
 G03B 35/06
·  ·  with axial movement of lens or gate between exposures
 G03B 35/08
·  by simultaneous recording
 G03B 35/10
·  ·  having single camera with stereoscopic-base-defining system
 G03B 35/12
·  ·  involving recording of different viewpoint images in different colours on a colour film
 G03B 35/14
·  Printing apparatus specially adapted for conversion between different types of record (G03B 42/08 takes precedence)  [4]
 G03B 35/16
·  by sequential viewing
 G03B 35/18
·  by simultaneous viewing
 G03B 35/20
·  ·  using two or more projectors
 G03B 35/22
·  ·  using single projector with stereoscopic-base-defining system
 G03B 35/24
·  ·  using apertured or refractive resolving means on screen or between screen and eye
 G03B 35/26
·  ·  using polarised or coloured light for separating different viewpoint images
 G03B 37/00
Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
 G03B 37/02
·  with scanning movement of lens or camera
 G03B 37/04
·  with cameras or projectors providing touching or overlapping fields of view
 G03B 37/06
·  involving anamorphosis (G03B 37/02, G03B 37/04 take precedence)
 G03B 39/00
High-speed photography
 G03B 39/02
·  using stationary plate or film (G03B 39/06 takes precedence)
 G03B 39/04
·  using moving plate or film (G03B 39/06 takes precedence)
 G03B 39/06
·  using light-guides for transferring image frame or elements thereof into different array, e.g. into a line
 G03B 41/00
Special photographic techniques not covered by groups G03B 31/00-G03B 39/00; Apparatus therefor  [2]
 G03B 41/02
·  using non-intermittently-running film
 G03B 41/04
·  ·  with optical compensator
 G03B 41/06
·  ·  ·  with rotating reflecting member
 G03B 41/08
·  ·  ·  with rotating transmitting member
 G03B 41/10
·  ·  ·  with oscillating reflecting member
 G03B 41/12
·  ·  ·  with oscillating transmitting member
 G03B 41/14
·  ·  Overcoming image movement by brief flashes of light
 G03B 42/00
Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means (investigating or analysing materials using electromagnetic or sonic waves G01N; using radar, sonar or analogous techniques G01S)  [4]
 G03B 42/02
·  using X-rays (measurement of X-radiation G01T; X-ray apparatus, circuits therefor H05G 1/00)  [4]
 G03B 42/04
·  ·  Holders for X-ray films  [4]
 G03B 42/06
·  using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves (measurement of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves G01H)  [4]
 G03B 42/08
·  Visualisation of records by optical means (optical systems using spatial filters G02B 27/46; optics for phase object visualisation G02B 27/50)  [4]
   
 G03B 43/00
Testing correct operation of photographic apparatus or parts thereof (measuring specific variables G01)
 G03B 43/02
·  Testing shutters (measuring time intervals G04F)