H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H03
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
 H03G
CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION (impedance networks, e.g. attenuators, H03H; control of transmission in lines H04B 3/04)
 H03G

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • control of gain of amplifiers or frequency-changers;
    • control of frequency range of amplifiers;
    • limiting amplitude or rate of change of amplitude.
  2. Attention is drawn to the Note following the title of subclass H03F[3]
 H03G
Subclass index
GAIN CONTROL 3/00
TONE CONTROL 5/00
COMPRESSORS OR EXPANDERS; LIMITERS 7/00; 11/00
COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE TYPES OF CONTROL 9/00
DETAILS 1/00
 H03G 1/00
Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
 H03G 1/02
·  Remote control of amplification, tone, or bandwidth (remote control in general G05, G08; combined with remote tuning or selection of resonant circuits H03J)
 H03G 1/04
·  Modifications of control circuit to reduce distortion caused by control (modifications to reduce influence of variations of internal impedance of amplifying elements caused by control H03F 1/08)
 H03G 3/00
Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers (gated amplifiers H03F 3/72; peculiar to television receivers H04N)
 H03G 3/02
·  Manually-operated control
 H03G 3/04
·  ·  in untuned amplifiers
 H03G 3/06
·  ·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 3/08
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 3/10
·  ·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 3/12
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 3/14
·  ·  in frequency-selective amplifiers
 H03G 3/16
·  ·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 3/18
·  ·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 3/20
·  Automatic control (combined with volume compression or expansion H03G 7/00)
 H03G 3/22
·  ·  in amplifiers having discharge tubes
 H03G 3/24
·  ·  ·  Control dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level
 H03G 3/26
·  ·  ·  Muting amplifier when no signal is present
 H03G 3/28
·  ·  ·  ·  in frequency-modulation receivers
 H03G 3/30
·  ·  in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
 H03G 3/32
·  ·  ·  the control being dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level
 H03G 3/34
·  ·  ·  Muting amplifier when no signal is present
 H03G 5/00
Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers
 H03G 5/02
·  Manually-operated control (variable bandpass or bandstop filters H03H 7/12)
 H03G 5/04
·  ·  in untuned amplifiers
 H03G 5/06
·  ·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 5/08
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 5/10
·  ·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 5/12
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 5/14
·  ·  in frequency-selective amplifiers
 H03G 5/16
·  Automatic control
 H03G 5/18
·  ·  in untuned amplifiers
 H03G 5/20
·  ·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 5/22
·  ·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 5/24
·  ·  in frequency-selective amplifiers
 H03G 5/26
·  ·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 5/28
·  ·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 7/00
Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers
 H03G 7/02
·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 7/04
·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 7/06
·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 7/08
·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 9/00
Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
 H03G 9/02
·  in untuned amplifiers (combined tone controls for low and high frequencies H03G 5/00)
 H03G 9/04
·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 9/06
·  ·  ·  for gain control and tone control
 H03G 9/08
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 9/10
·  ·  ·  for tone control and volume expansion or compression
 H03G 9/12
·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 9/14
·  ·  ·  for gain control and tone control
 H03G 9/16
·  ·  ·  ·  incorporating negative feedback
 H03G 9/18
·  ·  ·  for tone control and volume expansion or compression
 H03G 9/20
·  in frequency-selective amplifiers
 H03G 9/22
·  ·  having discharge tubes
 H03G 9/24
·  ·  having semiconductor devices
 H03G 9/26
·  in untuned amplifying stages as well as in frequency-selective amplifying stages (gain control in both stages H03G 3/00; tone control or bandwidth control H03G 5/00)
 H03G 9/28
·  ·  all amplifying stages having discharge tubes
 H03G 9/30
·  ·  all amplifying stages having semiconductor devices
 H03G 11/00
Limiting amplitude; Limiting rate of change of amplitude
 H03G 11/02
·  by means of diodes (H03G 11/04, H03G 11/06, H03G 11/08 take precedence)
 H03G 11/04
·  Limiting level dependent on strength of signal; Limiting level dependent on strength of carrier on which signal is modulated
 H03G 11/06
·  Limiters of angle-modulated signals; such limiters combined with discriminators (discriminators having an inherent limiting action H03D 3/00)
 H03G 11/08
·  Limiting rate of change of amplitude