H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04

Note(s)

This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing light (optical communication), infra-red, ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves. [4]

 H04J
MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L 5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N 7/08; in exchanges H04Q 11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
 H04J

Note(s)

This subclass covers:

  • circuits or apparatus for combining or dividing signals for the purpose of transmitting them simultaneously or sequentially over the same transmission path;
  • monitoring arrangements therefor.

 H04J 1/00
Frequency-division multiplex systems (H04J 14/00 takes precedence)  [5]
 H04J 1/02
·  Details
 H04J 1/04
·  ·  Frequency-transposition arrangements
 H04J 1/05
·  ·  ·  using digital techniques  [3]
 H04J 1/06
·  ·  Arrangements for supplying the carrier waves
 H04J 1/08
·  ·  Arrangements for combining channels
 H04J 1/10
·  ·  Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off
 H04J 1/12
·  ·  Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels
 H04J 1/14
·  ·  Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
 H04J 1/16
·  ·  Monitoring arrangements
 H04J 1/18
·  in which all the carriers are amplitude-modulated (H04J 1/02 takes precedence)  [3]
 H04J 1/20
·  in which at least one carrier is angle-modulated (H04J 1/02 takes precedence)  [3]
 H04J 3/00
Time-division multiplex systems (H04J 14/00 takes precedence; relay systems H04B 7/14; selecting techniques H04Q)  [4,5]
 H04J 3/02
·  Details (electronic switching or gating H03K 17/00)
 H04J 3/04
·  ·  Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
 H04J 3/06
·  ·  Synchronising arrangements
 H04J 3/07
·  ·  ·  using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates  [3]
 H04J 3/08
·  ·  Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off
 H04J 3/10
·  ·  Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels
 H04J 3/12
·  ·  Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
 H04J 3/14
·  ·  Monitoring arrangements
 H04J 3/16
·  in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted (H04J 3/17, H04J 3/24 take precedence)  [4]
 H04J 3/17
·  in which the transmission channel allotted to a first user may be taken away and re-allotted to a second user if the first user becomes inactive, e.g. TASI  [4]
 H04J 3/18
·  using frequency compression and subsequent expansion of the individual signals
 H04J 3/20
·  using resonant transfer  [2]
 H04J 3/22
·  in which the sources have different rates or codes  [4]
 H04J 3/24
·  in which the allocation is indicated by an address (H04J 3/17 takes precedence; in computers G06F 12/00, G06F 13/00)  [4]
 H04J 3/26
·  ·  in which the information and the address are simultaneously transmitted  [4]
 H04J 4/00
Combined time-division and frequency-division multiplex systems (H04J 13/00 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04J 7/00
Multiplex systems in which the amplitudes or durations of the signals in individual channels are characteristic of those channels
 H04J 7/02
·  in which the polarity of the amplitude is characteristic
 H04J 9/00
Multiplex systems in which each channel is represented by a different type of modulation of the carrier
 H04J 11/00
Orthogonal multiplex systems (H04J 13/00 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04J 13/00
Code multiplex systems  [2]
 H04J 13/02
·  using spread spectrum techniques  [6]
 H04J 13/04
·  ·  using direct sequence modulation  [6]
 H04J 13/06
·  ·  using frequency hopping  [6]
 H04J 14/00
Optical multiplex systems (optical coupling, mixing or splitting, per se G02B)  [5]
 H04J 14/02
·  Wavelength-division multiplex systems  [5]
 H04J 14/04
·  Mode multiplex systems  [5]
 H04J 14/06
·  Polarisation multiplex systems  [5]
 H04J 14/08
·  Time-division multiplex systems  [5]
 H04J 15/00
Multiplex systems not otherwise provided for  [2]