|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "preparation" covers purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives, unless a separate place is provided therefor. [4] In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a steroid is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation are also classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed, if of interest. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed, when such groups exist. The compounds prepared are also classified in the groups for the types of compound prepared, if of interest. In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the compounds containing carboxyl or thiocarboxyl groups are classified as the relevant carboxylic or thiocarboxylic acids, unless the "last place rule" (see Note (2), above) dictates otherwise; a carboxyl group being a carbon atom having three bonds, and no more than three, to hetero atoms, other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso groups, with at least one multiple bond to the same hetero atom and a thiocarboxyl group being a carboxyl group having at least one bond to a sulfur atom, e.g. amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids, are classified with the corresponding acids. [5] Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 211/46), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F, the alcoholates in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts, adducts or complexes formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes [2] The codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B-C07K, so as to provide information concerning specific properties of organic compounds. [6]

|  | C07G |
COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION

|  | C07G |
Note(s) This subclass does not cover peptides or proteins, of unknown constitution, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K. [4] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07G 1/00 |
Lignin; Lignin derivatives

|  | C07G 3/00 |
Glycosides (polysaccharides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B)

|  | C07G 5/00 |
Alkaloids

|  | C07G 9/00 |
Ammonium bituminosulfonate, e.g. Ichthyol

|  | C07G 11/00 |
Antibiotics

|  | C07G 13/00 |
Vitamins (vitamin K1Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 50/14; pantothenic acid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 235/12; vitamins of the D group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 401/00; vitamin A Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 403/00; pyridoxal, pyridoxamin Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/66; pyridoxin Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/67; vitamin C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 307/62; tocopherols Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 311/72; lipoic acid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 339/04; vitamin B1Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 415/00; riboflavin Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 475/14; biotin Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 495/04; sideramines, corresponding desferri compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F 15/03; vitamin B12Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 23/00)

|  | C07G 15/00 |
Hormones

|  | C07G 17/00 |
Other compounds of unknown constitution (sulfonated fats, oils or waxes of undetermined constitution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 309/62)