|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H |
Note(s) These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H. Section H covers: basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere); generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear; applied electricity, which covers: general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits; some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including: electric light sources, including lasers; electric X-ray technique; electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons; basic electronic circuits and their control; radio or electric communication technique; the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 57 to 59 of the Guide should be referred to. In this section, the following general rules apply: Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question; The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include: the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03 and in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B; the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself; All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a), above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself. In this section, the following special cases occur: Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24D or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H or class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B which cover the same technical subjects; In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21; As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

|  | H04 |
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

|  | H04 |
Note(s) This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing light (optical communication), infra-red, ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves. [4]

|  | H04J |
MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 7/08; in exchanges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 11/00; stereophonic systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04S)

|  | H04J |
Note(s) This subclass covers: circuits or apparatus for combining or dividing signals for the purpose of transmitting them simultaneously or sequentially over the same transmission path; monitoring arrangements therefor.

|  | H04J 1/00 |
Frequency-division multiplex systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 14/00 takes precedence) [5]

|  | H04J 1/02 |
· | Details

|  | H04J 1/04 |
· · | Frequency-transposition arrangements

|  | H04J 1/05 |
· · · | using digital techniques [3]

|  | H04J 1/06 |
· · | Arrangements for supplying the carrier waves

|  | H04J 1/08 |
· · | Arrangements for combining channels

|  | H04J 1/10 |
· · | Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off

|  | H04J 1/12 |
· · | Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels

|  | H04J 1/14 |
· · | Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals

|  | H04J 1/16 |
· · | Monitoring arrangements

|  | H04J 1/18 |
· | in which all the carriers are amplitude-modulated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 1/02 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04J 1/20 |
· | in which at least one carrier is angle-modulated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 1/02 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H04J 3/00 |
Time-division multiplex systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 14/00 takes precedence; relay systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 7/14; selecting techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q) [4,5]

|  | H04J 3/02 |
· | Details (electronic switching or gating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00)

|  | H04J 3/04 |
· · | Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators

|  | H04J 3/06 |
· · | Synchronising arrangements

|  | H04J 3/07 |
· · · | using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates [3]

|  | H04J 3/08 |
· · | Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off

|  | H04J 3/10 |
· · | Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels

|  | H04J 3/12 |
· · | Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals

|  | H04J 3/14 |
· · | Monitoring arrangements

|  | H04J 3/16 |
· | in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 3/17, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 3/24 take precedence) [4]

|  | H04J 3/17 |
· | in which the transmission channel allotted to a first user may be taken away and re-allotted to a second user if the first user becomes inactive, e.g. TASI [4]

|  | H04J 3/18 |
· | using frequency compression and subsequent expansion of the individual signals

|  | H04J 3/20 |
· | using resonant transfer [2]

|  | H04J 3/22 |
· | in which the sources have different rates or codes [4]

|  | H04J 3/24 |
· | in which the allocation is indicated by an address (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 3/17 takes precedence; in computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 12/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 13/00) [4]

|  | H04J 3/26 |
· · | in which the information and the address are simultaneously transmitted [4]

|  | H04J 4/00 |
Combined time-division and frequency-division multiplex systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 13/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04J 7/00 |
Multiplex systems in which the amplitudes or durations of the signals in individual channels are characteristic of those channels

|  | H04J 7/02 |
· | in which the polarity of the amplitude is characteristic

|  | H04J 9/00 |
Multiplex systems in which each channel is represented by a different type of modulation of the carrier

|  | H04J 11/00 |
Orthogonal multiplex systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04J 13/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04J 13/00 |
Code multiplex systems [2]

|  | H04J 13/02 |
· | using spread spectrum techniques [6]

|  | H04J 13/04 |
· · | using direct sequence modulation [6]

|  | H04J 13/06 |
· · | using frequency hopping [6]

|  | H04J 14/00 |
Optical multiplex systems (optical coupling, mixing or splitting, per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B) [5]

|  | H04J 14/02 |
· | Wavelength-division multiplex systems [5]

|  | H04J 14/04 |
· | Mode multiplex systems [5]

|  | H04J 14/06 |
· | Polarisation multiplex systems [5]

|  | H04J 14/08 |
· | Time-division multiplex systems [5]

|  | H04J 15/00 |
Multiplex systems not otherwise provided for [2]