|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "preparation" covers purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives, unless a separate place is provided therefor. [4] In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a steroid is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation are also classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed, if of interest. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed, when such groups exist. The compounds prepared are also classified in the groups for the types of compound prepared, if of interest. In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the compounds containing carboxyl or thiocarboxyl groups are classified as the relevant carboxylic or thiocarboxylic acids, unless the "last place rule" (see Note (2), above) dictates otherwise; a carboxyl group being a carbon atom having three bonds, and no more than three, to hetero atoms, other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso groups, with at least one multiple bond to the same hetero atom and a thiocarboxyl group being a carboxyl group having at least one bond to a sulfur atom, e.g. amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids, are classified with the corresponding acids. [5] Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 211/46), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F, the alcoholates in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts, adducts or complexes formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes [2] The codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B-C07K, so as to provide information concerning specific properties of organic compounds. [6]

|  | C07B |
GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR (preparation of carboxylic acid esters by telomerisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 67/47; telomerisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F)

|  | C07B |
Note(s) In this subclass, the functional group which is present already in some residue being introduced and is not substantially involved in a chemical reaction, is not considered as the functional group which is formed or introduced as a result of the chemical reaction. [4] In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "separation" means separation only for the purposes of recovering organic compounds. [4] In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classifcation is made in the last appropriate place according to the type of reaction employed, noting the bond or the functional group which is formed or introduced as a result of the chemical reaction. [4] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07B |
Subclass index
REACTIONS WITHOUT FORMATION OR INTRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING HETERO ATOMS |
Change of bond type between carbon atoms already directly linked | 35/00
Formation of new or disconnection of existing carbon-to-carbon bonds | 37/00
REACTIONS WITH FORMATION OR INTRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING HETERO ATOMS |
Halogenation | 39/00
Oxygen-containing groups | 41/00
Nitrogen-containing groups | 43/00
Sulfur-containing groups | 45/00
Other groups | 47/00
GRIGNARD REACTIONS | 49/00
INTRODUCTION OF PROTECTING OR ACTIVATING GROUPS NOT COVERED BY THE PRECEDING GROUPS | 51/00
ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES | 53/00
RACEMISATION, INVERSION | 55/00
SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, STABILISATION, USE OF ADDITIVES | 57/00, 63/00
INTRODUCTION OF ISOTOPES | 59/00
OTHER GENERAL METHODS | 61/00

|  | C07C |
ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

|  | C07C |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "bridged" means the presence of at least one fusion other than ortho, peri or spiro; two rings are "condensed" if they share at least one ring member, i.e. "spiro" and "bridged" are considered as condensed; "condensed ring system" is a ring system in which all rings are condensed among themselves; "number of rings" in a condensed ring system equals the number of scissions necessary to convert the ring system into one acyclic chain; "quinones" are compounds derived from compounds containing a six-membered aromatic ring or a system comprising six-membered aromatic rings (which system may be condensed or not condensed) by replacing two or four CH groups of the six-membered aromatic rings by C=O groups, and by removing one or two carbon-to-carbon double bonds, respectively, and rearranging the remaining carbon-to-carbon double bonds to give a ring or ring system with alternating double bonds, including the carbon-to-oxygen bonds; this means that acenaphthenequinone or camphorquinone are not considered as quinones. [5] In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a process is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, "quaternary ammonium compounds" are classified with the corresponding "non-quaternised nitrogen compounds". [5] For the classification of compounds in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 1/00-C07C 71/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 401/00-C07C 409/00: a compound is classified considering the molecule as a whole (rule of the "whole molecule approach"); a compound is considered to be saturated if it does not contain carbon atoms bound to each other by multiple bonds; a compound is considered to be unsaturated if it contains carbon atoms bound to each other by multiple bonds, which includes a six-membered aromatic ring, unless otherwise specified or implicitely derivable from the subdivision, as in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 69/00, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 69/712. [5] For the classification of compounds in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 201/00-C07C 395/00, i.e. after the functional group has been determined according to the "last place rule", a compound is classified according to the following principles: compounds are classified in accordance with the nature of the carbon atom to which the functional group is attached; a carbon skeleton is a carbon atom, other than a carbon atom of a carboxyl group, or a chain of carbon atoms bound to each other; a carbon skeleton is considered to be terminated by every bond to an element other than carbon or to a carbon atom of a carboxyl group; when the molecule contains several functional groups, only functional groups linked to the same carbon skeleton as the one first determined are considered; a carbon skeleton is considered to be saturated if it does not contain carbon atoms bound to each other by multiple bonds; a carbon skeleton is considered to be unsaturated if it contains carbon atoms bound to each other by multiple bonds, which includes a six-membered aromatic ring. [5] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07C |
Subclass index
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON AND HYDROGEN ONLY |
Preparation | 1/00, 2/00, 4/00, 5/00, 6/00
Purification, separation, stabilisation | 7/00
Compounds |
aliphatic | 9/00, 11/00
cycloaliphatic, aromatic | 13/00, 15/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON AND HALOGENS, WITH OR WITHOUT HYDROGEN |
Preparation | 17/00
Compounds |
aliphatic | 19/00, 21/00
cycloaliphatic, aromatic | 22/00, 23/00, 25/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON AND OXYGEN, WITH OR WITHOUT HYDROGEN OR HALOGENS |
Preparation |
simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen- containing compounds | 27/00
of alcohols; of phenols | 29/00; 37/00
of ethers or acetals; of oxo compounds | 41/00; 45/00
of quinones | 46/00
of carboxylic acids, their salts or anhydrides | 51/00
of esters of carboxylic acids | 67/00
of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids | 68/00
Compounds |
with OH group(s): aliphatically bound | 31/00, 33/00
cycloaliphatically bound | 35/00
with OH group(s) aromatically bound | 39/00
Ethers, acetals, orthoesters; aldehydes; ketones | 43/00; 47/00; 49/00
Quinones | 50/00
carboxylic acids |
acyclic | 53/00, 55/00, 57/00, 59/00
cyclic | 61/00, 62/00, 63/00, 65/00, 66/00
Esters | 69/00, 71/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON AND NITROGEN, WITH OR WITHOUT HYDROGEN, HALOGENS, OR OXYGEN |
Preparation |
of amines | 209/00
of hydroxy amines, aminoethers, or aminoesters | 213/00
of aminoaldehydes, aminoketones, aminoquinones | 221/00
of aminocarboxylic acids | 227/00
of amides of carboxylic acids | 231/00
of nitriles of carboxylic acids | 253/00
of derivatives of hydrazine | 241/00
of compounds containing carbon- to-nitrogen double bonds, e.g. imines, hydrazones, isocyanates | 249/00, 263/00
of derivatives of carbamic acids | 269/00
of urea or derivatives | 273/00
of guanidines or derivatives | 277/00
of nitro or nitroso compounds, or esters of nitric or nitrous acids | 201/00
Compounds |
having nitrogen bound to carbon or to carbon and hydrogen |
Amines | 211/00
Hydroxy amines; Aminoethers; Aminoesters | 215/00, 217/00, 219/00
Aminoaldehydes, aminoketones, aminoquinones | 223/00, 225/00
Amino carboxylic acids | 229/00
Amides of carboxylic acids | 233/00, 235/00, 237/00
Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds, e.g. imines | 251/00
Nitriles of carboxylic acids | 255/00
Amidines, imino-ethers | 257/00
Hydroxamic acids | 259/00
Derivatives of cyanic or isocyanic acid | 261/00, 265/00
Carbodiimides | 267/00
Carbamic acids | 271/00
Ureas | 275/00
Guanidines | 279/00
having nitrogen bound to halogens | 239/00
having nitrogen bound to oxygen |
Nitro or nitroso compounds | 205/00, 207/00
Nitrites or nitrates | 203/00
Hydroxylamines | 239/00
Oximes | 251/00
having nitrogen bound to another nitrogen |
Hydrazines, hydrazides | 243/00
Semicarbazates, semicarbazides | 281/00
Azo compounds, diazo compounds | 245/00
Hydrazones, hydrazidines | 251/00, 257/00
Semicarbazones | 281/00
N-nitro or N-nitroso compounds | 243/00
containing chains of three nitrogen atoms bound together |
Triazenes | 245/00
Azides | 247/00
Other compounds containing nitrogen | 291/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON, TOGETHER WITH SULFUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM, WITH OR WITHOUT HYDROGEN, HALOGENS, OXYGEN, OR NITROGEN |
Preparation |
of derivatives of sulfuric or sulfonic acids | 303/00
of mercaptans, thiophenols, sulfides, or polysulfides | 319/00
of sulfones or sulfoxides | 315/00
Compounds |
having sulfur bound to oxygen |
Esters of sulfurous or sulfuric acids | 301/00, 305/00
Sulfonic acids or derivatives | 309/00
Sulfenic or sulfinic acids or derivatives | 313/00
Sulfones, sulfoxides | 317/00
having sulfur bound to carbon |
Mercaptans, thiophenols, sulfides or polysulfides | 321/00, 323/00
Thioaldehydes, thioketones | 325/00
Thiocarboxylic acids or derivatives | 327/00
Thiocarbonic acids or derivatives | 329/00
Thiocyanates, isothiocyanates | 331/00
Thiocarbamic acids or derivatives | 333/00
Thioureas | 335/00
Thiosemicarbazides or thiosemicarbazones | 337/00
having sulfur bound to nitrogen |
Sulfonamides | 311/00
Sulfenamides, sulfinamides, sulfenylcarbamates or sulfenylureas | 313/00
Amides of sulfuric acids | 307/00
Other compounds containing sulfur | 381/00
Compounds containing selenium | 391/00
Compounds containing tellurium | 395/00
IRRADIATION PRODUCTS OF CHOLESTEROL | 401/00
DERIVATIVES OF CYCLOHEXANE OR OF A CYCLOHEXENE HAVING AN UNSATURATED SIDE-CHAIN WITH AT LEAST FOUR CARBON ATOMS | 403/00
PROSTAGLANDINS OR DERIVATIVES | 405/00
PEROXIDES; PEROXYACIDS |
Preparation | 407/00
Compounds | 409/00

|  | C07D |
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS [2]

|  | C07D |
Note(s) This subclass does not cover compounds containing saccharide radicals (as defined in Note (3) following the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H), which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H. [2] In this subclass, in compounds containing a hetero ring covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00 and at least one other hetero ring, the hetero ring covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00 is considered as an acyclic chain containing nitrogen atoms. [3] In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "hetero ring" is a ring having at least one halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atom as a ring member; [2] "bridged" means the presence of at least one fusion other than ortho, peri or spiro; [2] two rings are "condensed" if they share at least one ring member, i.e. "spiro" and "bridged" are considered as condensed; "condensed ring system" is a ring system in which all rings are condensed among themselves; [2] "number of relevant rings" in a condensed ring system equals the number of scissions necessary to convert the ring system into one acyclic chain; [2] "relevant rings" in a condensed ring system, i.e. the rings which taken together describe all the links between every atom of the ring system, are chosen according to the following criteria consecutively: lowest number of ring members; highest number of hetero atoms as ring members; lowest number of members shared with other rings; last place in the classification scheme. [2] In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary: compounds having only one hetero ring are classified in the last appropriate place in one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00. The same applies for compounds having more hetero rings covered by the same main group, neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system; [2] compounds having two or more hetero rings covered by different main groups neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system are classified in the last appropriate place in one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 401/00-C07D 421/00; compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, covered by the same or by different main groups, which are condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, are classified in the last appropriate place in one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 451/00-C07D 519/00. [2] In this subclass: where a compound may exist in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system. Therefore, double bonds between ring members and non-ring members and double bonds between ring members themselves are considered equivalent in determining the degree of hydrogenation of the ring. Formulae are considered to be written in Kekulé form; [2] hydrocarbon radicals containing a carbocyclic ring and an acyclic chain by which it is linked to the hetero ring and being substituted on both the carbocyclic ring and the acyclic chain by hetero atoms or by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, are classified according to the substituents on the acyclic chain. For example, the compound is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 233/22, and the compound is classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 233/24 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 233/26, where X —NH2, —NHCOCH3, or —COOCH3. [2] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to individual components, chosen according to the guidelines mentioned under (a) to (d) below. The indexing codes, which are chosen as indicated below, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be linked. The following guidelines should be followed: For compounds classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00 one or more appropriate places which precede the classification place may be given as additional information, e.g. in order to show essential substituents. The appropriate codes are chosen from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00, with the exception of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 209/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 209/84, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 211/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/08-C07D 213/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/803-C07D 213/807, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 243/26-C07D 243/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 251/56-C07D 251/62, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 301/00-C07D 301/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 307/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 307/50 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 311/40. [2] In compounds containing two or more hetero rings covered by different main groups, neither condensed among themselves nor with a common carbocyclic ring system, each hetero ring is shown as additional information. The appropriate codes which are chosen from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00, with the exception of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 209/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 209/84, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 211/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/08-C07D 213/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/803-C07D 213/807, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 243/26-C07D 243/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 251/56-C07D 251/62, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 301/00-C07D 301/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 307/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 307/50 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 311/40, are determined by scission of all other hetero rings and considering them as substituents. The locations of the scissions are chosen so as to obtain the substituents which appear in the later place in the Classification, e.g. the relevant rings of are considered to be and the invention information and additional information relating to the said compound would read: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 401/06 // (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 401/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 213/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 233/24). [2] For compounds containing one condensed ring system having two or more relevant hetero rings, and for which no specific group is provided, all relevant rings having hetero atoms as ring members are shown as additional information. These rings are indicated by the main group symbols of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00, with the exception of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 207/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 211/00-C07D 219/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 233/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 301/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 309/00. [2] For compounds containing two or more condensed ring systems each having two or more hetero rings, each condensed system is shown as additional information. The appropriate codes are chosen from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 451/00-C07D 517/00, with the exception of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 463/02-C07D 463/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 477/02-C07D 477/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 499/04-C07D 499/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 501/02-C07D 501/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 503/02-C07D 503/08 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 505/02-C07D 505/08, and determined by considering separately each condensed system in turn. [2] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6] Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [6]

|  | C07D |
Subclass index
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ONE HETERO RING |
HAVING NITROGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only nitrogen atoms |
one nitrogen atom |
Polymethyleneimine | 295/00
Preparation of lactams | 201/00
three-membered ring | 203/00
four-membered ring | 205/00
five-membered ring | 207/00, 209/00
six-membered ring | 211/00, 213/00, 215/00, 217/00, 219/00, 221/00
seven-membered ring | 223/00
Other compounds | 225/00, 227/00
two nitrogen atoms |
four-membered ring | 229/00
five-membered ring | 231/00, 233/00, 235/00
six-membered ring | 237/00, 239/00, 241/00
Piperazine | 295/00
seven-membered ring | 243/00
Other compounds | 245/00, 247/00
three nitrogen atoms |
five-membered ring | 249/00
six-membered ring | 251/00, 253/00
Other compounds | 255/00
four or more nitrogen atoms | 257/00, 259/00
nitrogen and oxygen atoms |
five-membered ring | 261/00, 263/00, 271/00
six-membered ring | 265/00, 273/00
morpholine | 295/00
Other compounds | 267/00, 269/00, 273/00
nitrogen and sulfur atoms |
five-membered ring | 275/00, 277/00, 285/00
six-membered ring | 279/00, 285/00
Thiomorpholine | 295/00
Other compounds | 281/00, 283/00, 285/00
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms | 291/00
HAVING OXYGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only oxygen atoms |
one oxygen atom |
three-membered ring | 301/00, 303/00
four-membered ring | 305/00
five-membered ring | 307/00
six-membered ring | 309/00, 311/00
Other compounds | 313/00, 315/00
two oxygen atoms |
five-membered ring | 317/00
six-membered ring | 319/00
Other compounds | 321/00
three or more oxygen atoms | 323/00
Other compounds | 325/00
oxygen and nitrogen atoms |
five-membered ring | 261/00, 263/00, 271/00
six-membered ring | 265/00, 273/00
Morpholine | 295/00
Other compounds | 267/00, 269/00, 273/00
oxygen and sulfur atoms | 327/00
oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms | 291/00
HAVING SULFUR AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only sulfur atoms |
one sulfur atom |
five-membered ring | 333/00
six-membered ring | 335/00
Other compounds | 331/00, 337/00
two or more sulfur atoms | 339/00, 341/00
sulfur and nitrogen atoms |
five-membered ring | 275/00, 277/00, 285/00
six-membered ring | 279/00, 285/00
Thiomorpholine | 295/00
Other compounds | 281/00, 283/00, 285/00
sulfur and oxygen atoms | 327/00
sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms | 291/00
HAVING SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only selenium or tellurium atoms | 345/00
together with nitrogen atoms | 293/00
together with oxygen atoms | 329/00
together with sulfur atoms | 343/00
HAVING HALOGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM | 347/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING TWO OR MORE HETERO RINGS |
IN THE SAME RING SYSTEM |
HAVING NITROGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only nitrogen |
at least one six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom | 471/00
Tropane, granatane | 451/00
Quinine, quinuclidine, isoquinuclidine | 453/00
Emetine, berberine | 455/00
Lysergic acid, ergot alkaloids | 457/00
Yohimbine | 459/00
Vincamine | 461/00
Carbacephalosporins | 463/00
Other compounds | 487/00, 507/00, 513/00
Purine | 473/00
Pteridine | 475/00
Thienamycin | 477/00
nitrogen and oxygen | 491/00, 498/00, 507/00
Morphine | 489/00
Oxapenicillins | 503/00
Oxacephalosporins | 505/00
nitrogen and sulfur | 507/00, 513/00
Penicillins | 499/00
Cephalosporins | 501/00
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur | 507/00, 515/00
HAVING OXYGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only oxygen | 493/00
oxygen and nitrogen | 491/00, 498/00, 507/00
Morphine | 489/00
Oxapenicillins | 503/00
Oxacephalosporins | 505/00
oxygen and sulfur | 497/00
oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur | 507/00, 515/00
HAVING SULFUR AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only sulfur in a particular ring | 495/00
sulfur and oxygen | 497/00
sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen | 507/00, 515/00
HAVING SELENIUM, TELLURIUM, OR HALOGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM | 517/00
IN DIFFERENT RING SYSTEMS, EACH CONTAINING ONLY ONE HETERO RING |
HAVING NITROGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only nitrogen |
at least one six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom | 401/00
Other compounds | 403/00
nitrogen and oxygen | 405/00, 413/00
nitrogen and sulfur | 417/00
thiamine | 415/00
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur | 419/00
HAVING OXYGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only oxygen | 407/00
oxygen and nitrogen | 405/00, 413/00
oxygen and sulfur | 411/00
oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur | 419/00
HAVING SULFUR AS RING HETERO ATOM |
only sulfur in a particular ring | 409/00
sulfur and nitrogen | 417/00
thiamine | 415/00
sulfur and oxygen | 411/00
sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen | 419/00
HAVING SELENIUM, TELLURIUM, OR HALOGEN AS RING HETERO ATOM | 421/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING TWO OR MORE RING SYSTEMS, HAVING EACH TWO OR MORE HETERO RINGS | 519/00
ALKALOIDS |
Emetine | 455/00
Ergot | 457/00, 519/00
Granatanine | 451/00
Morphine | 489/00
Nicotine | 401/00
Papaverine | 217/20
Quinine | 453/00
Strychnine | 498/00
Tropa | 451/00
CEPHALOSPORIN | 501/00
PENICILLIN | 499/00
PTERIDINE | 475/00
THIENAMYCIN | 477/00
PURINE | 473/00
THIAMINE | 415/00
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING UNSPECIFIED HETERO RINGS | 521/00

|  | C07F |
ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC, OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM (metal-containing porphyrins Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 487/22)

|  | C07F |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to Note (5) following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07. [2] In this subclass, organic acid salts, alcoholates, phenates, chelates or mercaptides are classified as the parent compounds. [2] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07G |
COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION

|  | C07G |
Note(s) This subclass does not cover peptides or proteins, of unknown constitution, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K. [4] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07H |
SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS (derivatives of aldonic or saccharic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; aldonic acids, saccharic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/105, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/285; cyanohydrins Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 255/16; glycals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; compounds of unknown constitution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G; polysaccharides, derivatives thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 15/00; sugar industry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13) [2]

|  | C07H |
Note(s) This subclass covers compounds containing saccharide radicals (see the definitions in Note (3) below). This subclass does not cover polysaccharides which for the purpose of this subclass are defined as having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages. In this subclass, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "saccharide radical" which is derived from acyclic polyhydroxy-aldehydes or acyclic polyhydroxy-ketones, or from their cyclic tautomers, by removing hydrogen atoms or by replacing hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, in accordance with either of the following definitions: It consists of an uninterrupted carbon skeleton and oxygen atoms directly attached thereto, and is considered to be terminated by every bond to a carbon atom of a cyclic structure and by every bond to a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, and contains within the carbon skeleton an unbranched sequence of at the most six carbon atoms in which at least three carbon atoms—at least two in the case of a skeleton having only four carbon atoms—have one single bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond, and in a cyclic or acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has two single bonds to oxygen atoms as the only hetero bonds, or in an acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has one double bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond, the said sequence containing at the most one double bond, i.e. C=C or possibly ketalised C=O, in addition to the hetero bonds mentioned above under (A) or (B), e.g. the compounds an unbranched sequence of at the most six carbon atoms, having bonds to oxygen as defined in this Note n being an integer, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 3/02; [4] It is also a radical derived from a radical as defined in (a) above by replacing at the most four of the specified hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium; [2] "heterocyclic radical" or "hetero ring" is considered to exclude saccharide radicals as defined above. [2] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07H |
Subclass index
GENERAL PROCESSES | 1/00
COMPOUNDS |
saccharides, deoxysugars, anhydrosugars, osones | 3/00
aminosugars, aza-, thio-, seleno-, telluro-analogues | 5/00
sugar esters | 11/00, 13/00
sugar ethers, glycosides | 15/00, 17/00
cyclic acetals | 9/00
nucleosides | 19/00
nucleotides | 19/00, 21/00
nucleic acids | 21/00
derivatives containing acyclic radicals | 7/00, 13/00, 15/00
derivatives containing carbocyclic radicals | 7/00, 13/00, 15/00
derivatives containing heterocyclic radicals | 9/00, 13/10, 15/26, 17/00, 19/00, 21/00
derivatives containing boron, silicon or a metal | 23/00

|  | C07J |
STEROIDS (seco-steroids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C) [2]

|  | C07J |
Note(s) This subclass covers compounds containing a cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton or a ring structure derived therefrom: by contraction or expansion of one ring by one or two atoms, by contraction or expansion of two rings each by one atom, by contraction of one ring by one atom and expansion of one ring by one atom, by substitution of one or two carbon atoms of the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton, which are not shared by rings, by hetero atoms, in combination with the above defined contraction or expansion or not, or by condensation with carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings in combination with one or more of the foregoing alterations or not. [4] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07J |
Subclass index
NORMAL STEROIDS |
containing halogen or oxygen |
oxygen other than as ring hetero atom | 1/00, 3/00, 5/00, 7/00, 9/00, 11/00, 13/00, 15/00
oxygen as ring hetero atom | 17/00, 19/00, 21/00
containing sulfur | 31/00, 33/00
containing nitrogen | 41/00, 43/00
other steroids | 51/00
STEROIDS WITH MODIFIED SKELETON |
retrosteroids | 15/00
nor-, homosteroids | 61/00, 63/00, 65/00, 67/00, 69/00
condensed with carbocyclic rings | 53/00
heterosteroids | 71/00, 73/00
PREPARATION OF STEROIDS IN GENERAL | 75/00

|  | C07K |
PEPTIDES (peptides in foodstuffs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23, e.g. obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23J; preparations for medicinal purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; peptides containing -lactam rings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 519/02; macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units in their molecules, i.e. when the preparation does not provide for a specific, but for a random sequence of the amino acid units, homopolyamides and block copolyamides derived from amino acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08H 1/00; preparation of glue or gelatine Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09H; single cell proteins, enzymes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N; genetic engineering processes for obtaining peptides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 15/00; compositions for measuring or testing processes involving enzymes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q; investigation or analysis of biological material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/00) [4]

|  | C07K |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "amino acids" are compounds in which at least one amino group and at least one carboxyl group are bound to the same carbon skeleton and the nitrogen atom of the amino group may form part of a ring; "normal peptide link" is one between an alpha-amino group of an amino acid and the carboxyl group — in position 1 — of another alpha-amino acid; "abnormal peptide link" is a link where at least one of the linked amino acids is not an alpha-amino acid or a link formed by at least one carboxyl or amino group being part of the side chain of an alpha-amino acid; "peptides" are compounds containing at least two amino acid units, which are bound through at least one normal peptide link, including oligopeptides, polypeptides and proteins, where "linear peptides" may comprise rings formed through S—S bridges, or through an hydroxy or a mercapto group of an hydroxy- or a mercapto-amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid (e.g. peptide lactones) but do not comprise rings which are formed only through peptide links; "cyclic peptides" are peptides comprising at least one ring formed only through peptide links; the cyclisation may occur only through normal peptide links or through abnormal peptide links, e.g. through the 4-amino group of 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid. Thus, cyclic compounds in which at least one link in the ring is a non-peptide link are considered as "linear peptides"; "depsipeptides" are compounds containing a sequence of at least two alpha-amino acids and at least one alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid, which are bound through at least one normal peptide link and ester links, derived from the hydroxy carboxylic acids, where "linear depsipeptides" may comprise rings formed through S—S bridges, or through an hydroxy or a mercapto group of an hydroxy-, or mercapto-amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino- or hydroxy-acid but do not comprise rings formed only through peptide or ester links derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. Gly-Ala-Gly-OCH2CO2H and Gly-OCH2CO-Ala-Gly are considered as "linear depsipeptides", but HOCH2CO-Gly-Ala-Gly does not contain an ester link, and is thus a derivative of Gly-Ala-Gly which is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K 5/08; "cyclic depsipeptides" are peptides containing at least one ring formed only through peptide or ester links — derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids —, e.g. Gly-Ala-Gly-OCH2CO; [4] "hybrid peptides" are peptides produced through fusion or covalent binding of two or more heterologous peptides. Fragments of peptides or peptides modified by removal or addition of amino acids, by substitution of amino acids by others, or by combination of these modifications are classified as the parent peptides. However, fragments of peptides having only four or less amino acids are also classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K 5/00. [6] Peptides prepared by chemical processes and having an amino acid sequence derived from naturally occurring peptides are classified with the natural one. [6] Peptides prepared by recombinant DNA technology are not classified according to the host, but according to the original peptide expressed, e.g. HIV peptide expressed in E. coli is classified with HIV peptides. [6] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K 101/00-C07K 123/00. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07K |
Subclass index
PEPTIDES |
Preparation | 1/00
of undefined number of amino acids | 2/00
Having up to 20 amino acids in an undefined or only partially defined sequence | 4/00
Having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence | 5/00 - 9/00
Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence | 11/00
Having more than 20 amino acids | 14/00
Immunoglobulins | 16/00
Carrier-bound or immobilised peptides | 17/00
Hybrid peptides | 19/00

|  | C07M |
INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B TO Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07K, RELATING TO SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS [6]

|  | C07M |
Note(s) This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B-C07K. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6] Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [6]