F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
 F01 - 
F42

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Mmachines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:
    • the principle which resides in their elaboration,
    • the classifying characteristics which they call for, and
    • their complementarity.
      1. Principle

        This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here.

        Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass.

        Subclasses F01B, F03B, F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned.

        This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses.

        Thus, subclass F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses F04B, F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass F03C.

      2. Characteristics

        The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible:

        Machines; engines; pumps.

        As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus:

        Positive displacement; non-positive displacement.

        The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus:

        Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind.

        Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely:

        Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid.

      3. Complementarity

        This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid.

        The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table:

It is seen from this table that:

  
LIGHTING; HEATING
 F24
HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests A01G 13/06; baking ovens and apparatus A21B; cooking devices other than ranges A47J; forging B21J, B21K; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes B60-B64; combustion apparatus in general F23; drying F26B; ovens in general F27; electric heating elements or arrangements H05B)
 F24

Note(s)

In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

  • "stove" includes apparatus which may have an open fire, e.g. fireplace;
  • "range" means an apparatus for cooking having elements that perform different cooking operations or cooking and heating operations.

 F24B
DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES  [6]
 F24B 1/00
Stoves or ranges
 F24B 1/02
·  Closed stoves
 F24B 1/04
·  ·  built-up from glazed tiles (F24B 1/08, F24B 1/14 take precedence)
 F24B 1/06
·  ·  ·  Construction of tiles or bracing means therefor, e.g. shim liner (forming of tiles B28B; glazing of tiles C04B)
 F24B 1/08
·  ·  with fuel storage in a single undivided hopper within stove or range
 F24B 1/10
·  ·  ·  with combustion in horizontal direction (F24B 1/14 takes precedence)
 F24B 1/14
·  ·  ·  with predistillation in the hopper
 F24B 1/16
·  ·  with fuel storage in multiple or divided hoppers within the stove or range
 F24B 1/18
·  Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
 F24B 1/181
·  ·  Free-standing fireplaces, e.g. for mobile homes  [4]
 F24B 1/182
·  ·  with additional provisions for cooking (other stoves with additional provisions for cooking F24B 1/26)  [4]
 F24B 1/183
·  ·  with additional provisions for heating water  [4]
 F24B 1/185
·  ·  with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating (F24B 1/183 takes precedence; component parts or accessories having air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating F24B 1/191); Regulating combustion; Controls therefor  [4]
 F24B 1/187
·  ·  ·  Condition responsive controls for regulating combustion (valves or dampers for air supply F23L; regulating or controlling combustion F23N; controlling or regulating in general G05)  [4]
 F24B 1/188
·  ·  ·  characterised by use of heat exchange means (F24B 1/187 takes precedence)  [4]
 F24B 1/189
·  ·  ·  characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers (F24B 1/187, F24B 1/188 take precedence)  [4]
 F24B 1/19
·  ·  ·  ·  Supplying combustion-air  [4]
 F24B 1/191
·  ·  Component parts; Accessories  [4]
 F24B 1/192
·  ·  ·  Doors; Screens; Fuel guards  [4]
 F24B 1/193
·  ·  ·  Grates; Irons  [4]
 F24B 1/195
·  ·  ·  Fireboxes; Frames; Hoods; Heat reflectors  [4]
 F24B 1/197
·  ·  ·  Hearths  [4]
 F24B 1/198
·  ·  ·  Surrounds-fronts  [4]
 F24B 1/199
·  ·  ·  Fuel-handling equipment  [4]
 F24B 1/20
·  Ranges
 F24B 1/22
·  ·  in which the baking oven is arranged above the fire-box
 F24B 1/24
·  ·  with built-in masses for heat storage or heat insulation
 F24B 1/26
·  Stoves with additional provisions for cooking (stoves with open-fires with additional provisions for cooking F24B 1/182)  [4]
 F24B 1/28
·  Combined installations of stoves or ranges, e.g. back-to-back stoves with a common fire-box
 F24B 3/00
Heaters not covered by group F24B 1/00, e.g. charcoal brazier (for cooking A47J 27/00-A47J 37/00)
 F24B 5/00
Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges (stoves with open fires with air-handling means F24B 1/185)  [4]
 F24B 5/02
·  in or around stoves
 F24B 5/04
·  ·  the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove or fire grate
 F24B 5/06
·  in or around ranges
 F24B 5/08
·  ·  around the baking oven
 F24B 7/00
Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating (stoves with open fires characterised by use of heat exchange means F24B 1/185; air heaters having heat generating means F24H 3/00)  [4]
 F24B 7/02
·  with external air ducts
 F24B 7/04
·  with internal air ducts
 F24B 7/06
·  without air ducts
 F24B 9/00
Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water (F24B 1/182, F24B 1/183 take precedence)  [3,4]
 F24B 9/02
·  in open containers, e.g. bain-marie
 F24B 9/04
·  in closed containers  [4]
 F24B 13/00
Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels (component parts or accessories for stoves with open-fires F24B 1/191; removing ash, clinker or slag from combustion chambers F23J 1/00; removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire F23J 3/00; joints or connections for chimneys or flues F23J 13/04; mouths or inlet holes for chimneys or flues F23J 13/06; means for supervising combustion F23M 11/04)  [4]
 F24B 13/02
·  Arrangement or mounting of fire-grate assemblies (grates F23H); Arrangement or mounting of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-back (ceramic materials C04B 33/00, C04B 35/00; casings, linings, walls for combustion chambers F23M)
 F24B 13/04
·  Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers (feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus in general F23K)
 F24B 15/00
Implements for use in connection with stoves or ranges (ash sieves B07B; firelighters C10L 11/00; removal of ashes F23J; other devices for igniting F23Q)  [6]
 F24B 15/02
·  for breaking coal  [6]
 F24B 15/04
·  Coal hods; Coal boxes  [6]
 F24B 15/06
·  Shovels with ejectors  [6]
 F24B 15/08
·  Shovels with sifters  [6]
 F24B 15/10
·  Coal tongs  [6]