|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. They must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. Section C covers: pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation; applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents; certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry; certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general; metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example: Certain extractive processes, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; The chemical purification of air, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61L; Chemical methods of fire-fighting, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62D; Chemical processes and apparatus, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; Impregnation of wood, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B27K; Chemical methods of analysis or testing, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for: treatment of plants or animals, covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N; foodstuffs, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; ammunition or explosives, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "preparation" covers purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives, unless a separate place is provided therefor. [4] In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a steroid is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation are also classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed, if of interest. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed, when such groups exist. The compounds prepared are also classified in the groups for the types of compound prepared, if of interest. In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the compounds containing carboxyl or thiocarboxyl groups are classified as the relevant carboxylic or thiocarboxylic acids, unless the "last place rule" (see Note (2), above) dictates otherwise; a carboxyl group being a carbon atom having three bonds, and no more than three, to hetero atoms, other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso groups, with at least one multiple bond to the same hetero atom and a thiocarboxyl group being a carboxyl group having at least one bond to a sulfur atom, e.g. amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids, are classified with the corresponding acids. [5] Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 211/46), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F, the alcoholates in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts, adducts or complexes formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes [2] The codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B-C07K, so as to provide information concerning specific properties of organic compounds. [6]

|  | C07J |
STEROIDS (seco-steroids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C) [2]

|  | C07J |
Note(s) This subclass covers compounds containing a cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton or a ring structure derived therefrom: by contraction or expansion of one ring by one or two atoms, by contraction or expansion of two rings each by one atom, by contraction of one ring by one atom and expansion of one ring by one atom, by substitution of one or two carbon atoms of the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton, which are not shared by rings, by hetero atoms, in combination with the above defined contraction or expansion or not, or by condensation with carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings in combination with one or more of the foregoing alterations or not. [4] In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07M. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [6]

|  | C07J |
Subclass index
NORMAL STEROIDS |
containing halogen or oxygen |
oxygen other than as ring hetero atom | 1/00, 3/00, 5/00, 7/00, 9/00, 11/00, 13/00, 15/00
oxygen as ring hetero atom | 17/00, 19/00, 21/00
containing sulfur | 31/00, 33/00
containing nitrogen | 41/00, 43/00
other steroids | 51/00
STEROIDS WITH MODIFIED SKELETON |
retrosteroids | 15/00
nor-, homosteroids | 61/00, 63/00, 65/00, 67/00, 69/00
condensed with carbocyclic rings | 53/00
heterosteroids | 71/00, 73/00
PREPARATION OF STEROIDS IN GENERAL | 75/00

|  | C07J 1/00 - C07J 21/00 |
Normal steroids, i.e. cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrenes, containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen [2]

|  | C07J 1/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane [2]

|  | C07J 3/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, substituted in position 17 beta by one carbon atom [2]

|  | C07J 5/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane, and substituted in position 21 by only one singly bound oxygen atom [2]

|  | C07J 7/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 5/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C07J 9/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane [2]

|  | C07J 11/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, not substituted in position 3 [2]

|  | C07J 13/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, having a carbon-to-carbon double bond from or to position 17 [2]

|  | C07J 15/00 |
Stereochemically pure steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, having a partially or totally inverted skeleton, e.g. retrosteroids, L-isomers [2]

|  | C07J 17/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, having an oxygen-containing hetero ring not condensed with the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton (cardanolide, bufanolide Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 19/00) [2]

|  | C07J 19/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, substituted in position 17 by a lactone ring [2]

|  | C07J 21/00 |
Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, or oxygen, having an oxygen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed with the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton [2]

|  | C07J 31/00 - C07J 33/00 |
Normal steroids, i.e. cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrenes, containing sulfur [2]

|  | C07J 31/00 |
Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring [2]

|  | C07J 33/00 |
Normal steroids having a sulfur-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton [2]

|  | C07J 41/00 - C07J 43/00 |
Normal steroids, i.e. cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrenes, containing nitrogen [2]

|  | C07J 41/00 |
Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring [2]

|  | C07J 43/00 |
Normal steroids having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton [2]

|  | C07J 51/00 |
Normal steroids with unmodified cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 1/00-C07J 43/00 [2]

|  | C07J 53/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by condensation with carbocyclic rings or by formation of an additional ring by means of a direct link between two ring carbon atoms [2]

|  | C07J 61/00 - C07J 69/00 |
Nor- or homosteroids [2]

|  | C07J 61/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by contraction of only one ring by one or two atoms [2]

|  | C07J 63/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms [2]

|  | C07J 65/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by contraction of two rings, each by one atom [2]

|  | C07J 67/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of two rings, each by one atom [2]

|  | C07J 69/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by contraction of only one ring by one atom and expansion of only one ring by one atom [2]

|  | C07J 71/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring (spiro-condensed heterocyclic rings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J 43/00) [2]

|  | C07J 73/00 |
Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by substitution of one or two carbon atoms by hetero atoms [2]

|  | C07J 75/00 |
Processes for the preparation of steroids, in general [4]