|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F42 |
Note(s) Guide to the use of this subsection (classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump; "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa; "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa; "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear; "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action; "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments; "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear; "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby; "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section; "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa; "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam; "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible; "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded; "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Mmachines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". In this subsection: cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned: the principle which resides in their elaboration, the classifying characteristics which they call for, and their complementarity. Principle This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here. Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass. Subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned. This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses. Thus, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C. Characteristics The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: Machines; engines; pumps. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: Positive displacement; non-positive displacement. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid. Complementarity This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid. The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table: It is seen from this table that: For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F24 |
HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01G 13/06; baking ovens and apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21B; cooking devices other than ranges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J; forging Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21K; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60-B64; combustion apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23; drying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B; ovens in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27; electric heating elements or arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | F24 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "stove" includes apparatus which may have an open fire, e.g. fireplace; "range" means an apparatus for cooking having elements that perform different cooking operations or cooking and heating operations.

|  | F24C |
OTHER DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (radiator stoves of the fluid-circulating type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H)

|  | F24C |
Subclass index
STOVES OR RANGES, NOT RESTRICTED TO SOLID FUEL |
General characteristics | 1/00
With single kind of fuel or energy supply | 3/00 - 9/00
With more than one, or unspecified kind of fuel or energy supply | 1/00
With additional means for heating water | 13/00
With self-cleaning provisions | 14/00
Combinations of stoves or ranges | 11/00
DETAILS OF STOVES OR RANGES IN GENERAL | 15/00

|  | F24C 1/00 |
Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 3/00-F24C 9/00; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified

|  | F24C 1/02 |
· | adapted for the use of two or more kinds of fuel or energy supply (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 1/16 takes precedence; combinations of two or more stoves or ranges each having a different kind of fuel or energy supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 11/00)

|  | F24C 1/04 |
· · | simultaneously

|  | F24C 1/06 |
· · | by replacing parts, e.g. replacing burner by electric heater

|  | F24C 1/08 |
· | solely adapted for radiation heating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 1/16 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 1/10 |
· · | with reflectors

|  | F24C 1/12 |
· · · | of circular shape

|  | F24C 1/14 |
· | Radiation heating stoves or ranges, with additional provision for convection heating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 1/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 1/16 take precedence; solely adapted for convection heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24H)

|  | F24C 1/16 |
· | with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible

|  | F24C 3/00 |
Stoves or ranges for gaseous fuels

|  | F24C 3/02 |
· | with heat produced solely by flame (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 3/14 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 3/04 |
· | with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body, e.g. by a perforated plate (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 3/14 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 3/06 |
· · | without any visible flame

|  | F24C 3/08 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D)

|  | F24C 3/10 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q)

|  | F24C 3/12 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; safety devices for burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; regulating or controlling combustion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N)

|  | F24C 3/14 |
· | with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible

|  | F24C 5/00 |
Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels

|  | F24C 5/02 |
· | with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 5/20 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 5/04 |
· · | wick type

|  | F24C 5/06 |
· · · | adjustable

|  | F24C 5/08 |
· · | with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body

|  | F24C 5/10 |
· | with atomising burners (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 5/20 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 5/12 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D)

|  | F24C 5/14 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q)

|  | F24C 5/16 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; safety devices for burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; regulating or controlling combustion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N)

|  | F24C 5/18 |
· | Liquid-fuel supply arrangements forming parts of stoves or ranges (feeding liquid fuel to combustion apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23K)

|  | F24C 5/20 |
· | with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible

|  | F24C 7/00 |
Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy (electric heating elements or arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | F24C 7/02 |
· | using microwaves (heating using microwaves in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 6/64)

|  | F24C 7/04 |
· | with heat radiated directly from the heating element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 7/10 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 7/06 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements

|  | F24C 7/08 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; circuit arrangements for electric heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | F24C 7/10 |
· | with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible

|  | F24C 9/00 |
Stoves or ranges heated by a single type of energy supply not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 3/00-F24C 7/00 or subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24B (using the heat from an exothermal reaction not involving a supply of free oxygen gas, using solar energy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J)

|  | F24C 11/00 |
Combinations of two or more stoves or ranges, e.g. each having a different kind of energy supply

|  | F24C 13/00 |
Stoves or ranges with additional provisions for heating water [3]

|  | F24C 14/00 |
Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous or catalytic cleaning, electrostatic cleaning [3]

|  | F24C 14/02 |
· | pyrolytic type [3]

|  | F24C 15/00 |
Details

|  | F24C 15/02 |
· | Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E06B; for combustion chambers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M)

|  | F24C 15/04 |
· · | with transparent panels

|  | F24C 15/06 |
· | Ornamental features, e.g. grate front, surround

|  | F24C 15/08 |
· | Foundations or support plates; Legs or pillars; Casings; Wheels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 15/10 takes precedence)

|  | F24C 15/10 |
· | Tops, e.g. hot plate; Rings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 15/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24C 15/14 take precedence)

|  | F24C 15/12 |
· | Side rests; Side plates; Cover lids; Splash guards; Racks outside ovens, e.g. for drying plates

|  | F24C 15/14 |
· | Spillage trays or grooves

|  | F24C 15/16 |
· | Shelves, racks, or trays inside ovens; Supports therefor

|  | F24C 15/18 |
· | Arrangement of compartments additional to cooking compartments, e.g. for warming, for storing utensils or fuel containers; Arrangement of additional heating or cooking apparatus, e.g. grills (grills per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J)

|  | F24C 15/20 |
· | Removing cooking fumes (parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels for withdrawing or condensing cooking vapours from such vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47J 36/38) [5]

|  | F24C 15/22 |
· | Reflectors for radiation heaters

|  | F24C 15/24 |
· | Radiant bodies or panels for radiation heaters (radiant gas burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 14/12)

|  | F24C 15/26 |
· | Handles for carrying

|  | F24C 15/28 |
· | Draught shields

|  | F24C 15/30 |
· | Arrangements for mounting stoves or ranges in particular locations

|  | F24C 15/32 |
· | Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens

|  | F24C 15/34 |
· | Elements or arrangements for heat storage or insulation

|  | F24C 15/36 |
· | Protective guards, e.g. for preventing access to heated parts