F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01 - 
F04

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means; thus this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance; and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy; and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g. like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g. the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general and thus this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e. compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor; machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:

 F01
MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F02; machines for liquids F03, F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
 F01N
GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M 35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K 11/16)
 F01N

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards Note (3).

 F01N 1/00
Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
 F01N 1/02
·  by using resonance
 F01N 1/04
·  ·  having sound-absorbing materials in resonance chambers
 F01N 1/06
·  by using interference effect
 F01N 1/08
·  by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
 F01N 1/10
·  ·  in combination with sound-absorbing materials
 F01N 1/12
·  ·  using spirally- or helically-shaped channels (F01N 1/10 takes precedence; cyclones B04C)
 F01N 1/14
·  by adding air to exhaust gases
 F01N 1/16
·  by using movable parts
 F01N 1/18
·  ·  having rotary movement
 F01N 1/20
·  ·  having oscillating or vibrating movement (the parts being resilient walls F01N 1/22)
 F01N 1/22
·  ·  the parts being resilient walls
 F01N 1/24
·  by using sound-absorbing materials (F01N 1/04, F01N 1/06, F01N 1/10, F01N 1/14, F01N 1/16 take precedence)
 F01N 3/00
Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust (electric control F01N 9/00)  [4]
 F01N 3/02
·  for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
 F01N 3/04
·  ·  using liquids
 F01N 3/06
·  for extinguishing sparks
 F01N 3/08
·  for rendering innocuous
 F01N 3/10
·  ·  by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust (by using other chemical processes, chemical aspects of catalytic conversion, e.g. using specified catalysts, B01D 53/34)  [3]
 F01N 3/18
·  ·  ·  characterised by methods of operation; Regulation  [3]
 F01N 3/20
·  ·  ·  ·  specially adapted for catalytic conversion (F01N 3/22 takes precedence)  [3]
 F01N 3/22
·  ·  ·  ·  Regulation of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives  [3]
 F01N 3/24
·  ·  ·  characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus  [3]
 F01N 3/26
·  ·  ·  ·  Construction of thermal reactors  [3]
 F01N 3/28
·  ·  ·  ·  Construction of catalytic reactors  [3]
 F01N 3/30
·  ·  ·  ·  Arrangements for supply of additional air (regulation, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives, F01N 3/22)  [3]
 F01N 3/32
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using air pumps (using jet air pumps F01N 3/34; pumps in general F04)  [3]
 F01N 3/34
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port  [3]
 F01N 3/36
·  ·  ·  ·  Arrangements for supply of additional fuel  [3]
 F01N 3/38
·  ·  ·  ·  Arrangements for igniting  [3]
 F01N 5/00
Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy (using kinetic or wave energy of exhaust gases in exhaust systems for charging F02B; predominant aspects of such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices)
 F01N 5/02
·  the devices using heat
 F01N 5/04
·  the devices using kinetic energy
 F01N 7/00
Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N 1/00-F01N 5/00
 F01N 7/02
·  Apparatus having two or more separate silencers in series
 F01N 7/04
·  Apparatus having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines
 F01N 7/06
·  specially adapted for star-arrangement of cylinders, e.g. exhaust manifolds
 F01N 7/08
·  Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits (pipes in general F16L)
 F01N 7/10
·  ·  of exhaust manifolds
 F01N 7/12
·  specially adapted for submerged exhausting
 F01N 7/14
·  having thermal insulation
 F01N 7/16
·  Selection of particular materials
 F01N 7/18
·  Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
 F01N 7/20
·  Flared outlets, e.g. of fish-tail shape
 F01N 9/00
Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus (conjoint electrical control of two or more combustion engine functions F02D 43/00)  [4]