F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01 - 
F04

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means; thus this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance; and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy; and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g. like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g. the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general and thus this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e. compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor; machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:

 F04
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (portable fire extinguishers with manually-operated pumps A62C 11/00, with power-driven pumps A62C 25/00; charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps F02B; engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J 41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K 44/02)
 F04

Note(s)

Combinations of positive-displacement and non-positive-displacement pumps are classified in subclass F04B as a general subclass for pumps, and in subclasses F04C, F04D in respect of matter specific to those subclasses.

 F04D
NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
 F04D

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers non-positive-displacement pumps for liquids, for elastic fluids, or for liquids and elastic fluids whether rotary or not having pure rotation.
  2. This subclass does not cover combinations of non-positive-displacement pumps with other pumps, which are covered by subclass F04B, except that the use of such other pumps for priming or boosting non-positive-displacement is covered by this subclass.
  3. Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definition of "pump".
 F04D 1/00 - 
F04D 15/00
Pumping liquids, or liquids and elastic fluids, by rotary pumps (pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time F04D 31/00)
 F04D 1/00
Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (adapted for pumping specific fluids F04D 7/00; priming or boosting F04D 9/00)
 F04D 1/02
·  having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
 F04D 1/04
·  Helico-centrifugal pumps
 F04D 1/06
·  Multi-stage pumps (F04D 1/02 takes precedence)
 F04D 1/08
·  ·  the stages being situated concentrically
 F04D 1/10
·  ·  with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel
 F04D 1/12
·  Pumps with scoops or like paring members protruding in the fluid circulating in a bowl
 F04D 1/14
·  Pumps raising fluids by centrifugal force within a conical rotary bowl with vertical axis
 F04D 3/00
Axial-flow pumps (priming or boosting F04D 9/00)
 F04D 3/02
·  of screw type
 F04D 5/00
Pumps with circumferential or transverse flow
 F04D 7/00
Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
 F04D 7/02
·  of centrifugal type
 F04D 7/04
·  ·  the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
 F04D 7/06
·  ·  the fluids being hot or corrosive, e.g. liquid metal
 F04D 7/08
·  ·  the fluids being radioactive
 F04D 9/00
Priming; Preventing vapour lock
 F04D 9/02
·  Self-priming pumps
 F04D 9/04
·  using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour lock
 F04D 9/06
·  ·  of jet type
 F04D 11/00
Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D 13/00)
 F04D 13/00
Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D 15/00)
 F04D 13/02
·  Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means)
 F04D 13/04
·  ·  the pump being fluid-driven
 F04D 13/06
·  ·  the pump being electrically driven
 F04D 13/08
·  ·  ·  for submerged use
 F04D 13/10
·  ·  ·  ·  adapted for use in mining bore holes
 F04D 13/12
·  Combinations of two or more pumps (combinations with priming pumps or booster pumps to counter-act vapour lock F04D 9/04)
 F04D 13/14
·  ·  the pumps being all of centrifugal type
 F04D 13/16
·  with storage reservoirs
 F04D 15/00
Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems
 F04D 15/02
·  Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
 F04D 17/00 - 
F04D 27/00
Pumping elastic fluids by rotary pumps
 F04D 17/00
Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (F04D 21/00 takes precedence)
 F04D 17/02
·  having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
 F04D 17/04
·  ·  of transverse-flow type
 F04D 17/06
·  Helico-centrifugal pumps
 F04D 17/08
·  Centrifugal pumps
 F04D 17/10
·  ·  for compressing or evacuating
 F04D 17/12
·  ·  ·  Multi-stage pumps
 F04D 17/14
·  ·  ·  ·  with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel (surge control F04D 27/02)
 F04D 17/16
·  ·  for displacing without appreciable compression
 F04D 17/18
·  ·  characterised by use of centrifugal force of liquids entrained in pumps
 F04D 19/00
Axial-flow pumps (F04D 21/00 takes precedence)
 F04D 19/02
·  Multi-stage pumps
 F04D 19/04
·  ·  specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
 F04D 21/00
Pumps involving supersonic speed of pumped fluids
 F04D 23/00
Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D 25/00)
 F04D 25/00
Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D 27/00)
 F04D 25/02
·  Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means)
 F04D 25/04
·  ·  the pump being fluid-driven
 F04D 25/06
·  ·  the pump being electrically driven (F04D 25/08 takes precedence)
 F04D 25/08
·  ·  the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
 F04D 25/10
·  ·  ·  the unit having provisions for automatically changing the direction of output air
 F04D 25/12
·  ·  ·  the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures
 F04D 25/14
·  ·  ·  ·  and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
 F04D 25/16
·  Combinations of two or more pumps
 F04D 27/00
Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems
 F04D 27/02
·  Surge control
 F04D 29/00
Details, component parts, or accessories (machine elements in general F16)
 F04D 29/02
·  Selection of particular materials (for handling specific liquids F04D 7/00)
 F04D 29/04
·  Shafts; Bearings; Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M)
 F04D 29/06
·  ·  Lubrication
 F04D 29/08
·  Sealings
 F04D 29/10
·  ·  Shaft sealings
 F04D 29/12
·  ·  ·  using sealing-rings
 F04D 29/14
·  ·  ·  operative only when pump is inoperative
 F04D 29/16
·  ·  between pressure and suction sides
 F04D 29/18
·  Rotors (specially for elastic fluids F04D 29/26)
 F04D 29/20
·  ·  Mounting rotors on shafts
 F04D 29/22
·  ·  specially for centrifugal pumps
 F04D 29/24
·  ·  ·  Vanes
 F04D 29/26
·  Rotors specially for elastic fluids
 F04D 29/28
·  ·  for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps
 F04D 29/30
·  ·  ·  Vanes
 F04D 29/32
·  ·  for axial-flow pumps
 F04D 29/34
·  ·  ·  Blade mountings
 F04D 29/36
·  ·  ·  ·  adjustable
 F04D 29/38
·  ·  ·  Blades
 F04D 29/40
·  Casings; Connections for working fluid
 F04D 29/42
·  ·  for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
 F04D 29/44
·  ·  ·  Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
 F04D 29/46
·  ·  ·  ·  adjustable
 F04D 29/48
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps
 F04D 29/50
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  for reversing fluid flow
 F04D 29/52
·  ·  for axial pumps
 F04D 29/54
·  ·  ·  Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
 F04D 29/56
·  ·  ·  ·  adjustable
 F04D 29/58
·  Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
 F04D 29/60
·  Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
 F04D 29/62
·  ·  of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
 F04D 29/64
·  ·  of axial pumps
 F04D 29/66
·  Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration, or the like (gas-flow silencers for machines or engines in general F01N); Balancing (surge control F04D 27/02)
 F04D 29/68
·  ·  by influencing boundary layers
 F04D 29/70
·  Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
 F04D 31/00 - 
F04D 35/00
Other non-positive-displacement pumps
 F04D 31/00
Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time
 F04D 33/00
Non-positive-displacement pumps with other than pure rotation, e.g. of oscillating type (F04D 35/00 takes precedence; hand-held fans A45B)  [2]
 F04D 35/00
Pumps producing waves in liquids, i.e. wave-producers (for bath tubs A47K 3/10)  [2]