F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01 - 
F04

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means; thus this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance; and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy; and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g. like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g. the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general and thus this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e. compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor; machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:

 F02
COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines F01); HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
 F02F
CYLINDERS, PISTONS, OR CASINGS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston internal-combustion engines F02B; specially adapted for gas-turbine plants F02C; specially adapted for jet-propulsion plants F02K)  [2]
 F02F

Note(s)

  1. Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01.
  2. Class F16 takes precedence over this subclass, except for subject matter specific to combustion engines.
 F02F 1/00
Cylinders; Cylinder heads (in general F16J)
 F02F 1/02
·  having cooling means (cylinder heads F02F 1/26)
 F02F 1/04
·  ·  for air cooling
 F02F 1/06
·  ·  ·  Shape or arrangement of cooling fins; Finned cylinders
 F02F 1/08
·  ·  ·  ·  running-liner and cooling-part of cylinder being different parts or of different material
 F02F 1/10
·  ·  for liquid cooling
 F02F 1/12
·  ·  ·  Preventing corrosion of liquid-swept surfaces
 F02F 1/14
·  ·  ·  Cylinders with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream
 F02F 1/16
·  ·  ·  Cylinder liners of wet type
 F02F 1/18
·  Other cylinders
 F02F 1/20
·  ·  characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
 F02F 1/22
·  ·  characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
 F02F 1/24
·  Cylinder heads
 F02F 1/26
·  ·  having cooling means
 F02F 1/28
·  ·  ·  for air cooling
 F02F 1/30
·  ·  ·  ·  Finned cylinder heads
 F02F 1/32
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type
 F02F 1/34
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with means for directing or distributing cooling medium (F02F 1/32 takes precedence)
 F02F 1/36
·  ·  ·  for liquid cooling
 F02F 1/38
·  ·  ·  ·  the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type
 F02F 1/40
·  ·  ·  ·  cylinder heads with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream (F02F 1/38 takes precedence)
 F02F 1/42
·  ·  Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
 F02F 3/00
Pistons (in general F16J)
 F02F 3/02
·  having means for accomodating or controlling heat expansion
 F02F 3/04
·  ·  having expansion-controlling inserts
 F02F 3/06
·  ·  ·  the inserts having bimetallic effect
 F02F 3/08
·  ·  ·  the inserts being ring-shaped
 F02F 3/10
·  having surface coverings (F02F 3/02 takes precedence)
 F02F 3/12
·  ·  on piston heads
 F02F 3/14
·  ·  ·  within combustion chambers
 F02F 3/16
·  having cooling means
 F02F 3/18
·  ·  the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
 F02F 3/20
·  ·  the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
 F02F 3/22
·  ·  ·  the fluid being liquid
 F02F 3/24
·  having means for guiding gases in cylinders, e.g. for guiding scavenging charge in two-stroke engines
 F02F 3/26
·  having combustion chamber in piston head (the surface thereof being covered F02F 3/14)
 F02F 3/28
·  Other pistons with specially-shaped head
 F02F 5/00
Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
 F02F 7/00
Casings, e.g. crankcases (engine casings in general F16M)
 F02F 11/00
Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines (piston rings F02F 5/00; sealings per se F16J)