F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01 - 
F04

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means; thus this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance; and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy; and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g. like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g. the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general and thus this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e. compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor; machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:

 F03
MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04); WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
 F03C
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04; fluid-pressure actuators F15B; fluid gearing F16H)
 F03C

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary-piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents", and "internal axis".

 F03C 1/00
Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
 F03C 1/007
·  with single cylinder, double-acting piston  [5]
 F03C 1/013
·  with single cylinder, single-acting piston  [5]
 F03C 1/02
·  with multiple cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders (with movable cylinders F03C 1/22; of flexible-wall type F03C 5/02)
 F03C 1/03
·  ·  with movement in two directions being obtained by two single-acting piston liquid engines, each acting in one direction  [5]
 F03C 1/04
·  ·  with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
 F03C 1/047
·  ·  ·  the pistons co-operating with an actuated element at the outer ends of the cylinders  [5]
 F03C 1/053
·  ·  ·  the pistons co-operating with an actuated element at the inner ends of the cylinders  [5]
 F03C 1/06
·  ·  with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
 F03C 1/08
·  Distributing valve-gear peculiar thereto (for multiple-cylinder engines F03C 1/34; for engines with positive displacement in general F01L)
 F03C 1/10
·  ·  actuated by piston or piston-rod
 F03C 1/12
·  ·  ·  mechanically  [5]
 F03C 1/14
·  ·  actuated by the driving liquid of the engine  [5]
 F03C 1/16
·  ·  Speed controlling, equalising, or cushioning  [5]
 F03C 1/18
( transferred to F03C 1/34 )
 F03C 1/20
·  ·  specially adapted for engines generating vibration only
 F03C 1/22
·  with movable cylinders
 F03C 1/24
·  ·  in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
 F03C 1/247
·  ·  ·  with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement  [5]
 F03C 1/253
·  ·  ·  with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel to, main shaft axis  [5]
 F03C 1/26
·  adapted for special use or combined with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning the driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus)
 F03C 1/28
·  Pistons specially adapted therefor  [5]
 F03C 1/30
·  Cams specially adapted therefor  [5]
 F03C 1/32
·  Cylinders specially adapted therefor  [5]
 F03C 1/34
·  Distribution members specially adapted for multiple-cylinder engines  [5]
 F03C 1/36
·  ·  Cylindrical distribution members  [5]
 F03C 1/38
·  ·  Plate-like distribution members  [5]
 F03C 1/40
·  Control specially adapted therefor  [5]
 F03C 2/00
Rotary-piston engines (in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more piston reciprocating in rotary cylinders F03C 1/24)  [3]
 F03C 2/02 - 
F03C 2/24

Note(s)

Group F03C 2/30 takes precedence over groups F03C 2/02-F03C 2/24[3]

 F03C 2/02
·  of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents  [3]
 F03C 2/08
·  of intermeshing-engangement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing  [3]
 F03C 2/22
·  of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member  [3]
 F03C 2/24
·  of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions  [3]
 F03C 2/30
·  having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F03C 2/02, F03C 2/08, F03C 2/22, F03C 2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members  [3]
 F03C 4/00
Oscillating-piston engines  [3]
 F03C 5/00
Other engines
 F03C 5/02
·  of flexible-wall type